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The sights of the City of Kruševac are numerous and they enable the realization of various aspects of tourism: cultural-historical, religious, sport, mountainous, spa, rural, and event tourism. This paper contains an analysis of the existing and planned tourism infrastructure, as well as the potential and limitations it is facing on the territory of the City of Kruševac. The subject of the research is tourism destinations in the vicinity of Kruševac – Jastrebac mountain and Ribarska Banja spa, as well as the most impor­tant sites in the tourism offer of the City of Kruševac. Tourism offer has sig­nificantly been improved by the investment into the development of sec­ondary tourism centers – Jastrebac and Ribarska Banja. For quite a short period Jastrebac has become a favorite tourism destination of the citizens of Kruševac and the tourists from other settlements of Serbia and the neigh­boring countries. For its health-care purposes, Ribarska Banja has long been popular among the older population, and recently among younger genera­tions as well, thanks to recreational tourism and natural beauties.

Geotourism is a relatively new form of tourism with considerable European and global growth potential. Interest in geotourism is developing at a very rapid rate around the world. It is of great importance to support and enhance the global movement about geotourism generally and specifically into geoparks. Geoparks are different to other forms of protected areas, such as national parks, nature reserves etc. In this paper focus of the research is on quantitative assessments of the exceptional values of geoheritage for the science, education and tourism potential use in the area of the potential Geopark Djerdap. Five selected geosites are relevant to evaluate key values for science, education, and tourism with additional consideration given to degradation risk. All the post-assessment findings aim to improve the focus on the ultimate goal of the study, i.e. to justify the synergy between the protection of natural values (geoconservation) and the corresponding activities in the process of managing the development of geotourism in the study area.

This paper analyzes relations between population and conservation status of bird species that are affected by various threats, with a special emphasis on climate change on the example of the Important Bird Areas (IBAs) sites in Serbia. The special accent will be put on the analysis of the ability of the recently established IBA network in Serbia to continue representing suitable habitats as stepping-stones, especially for globally threatened species belonging to Serbian avifauna, which will be conducted using the relevant data on population status of species and projected climate change, with assistance of GIS tools. The results of this research could be used to update conservation status of target species and habitats in order to mitigate disturbing impacts through creation and implementation of conservation priorities.

An overview of Garden City development as well as its significance in urban planning, are given in this paper. The Garden City idea, which had a major role in the 20th century urbanism, was born in London. The author of this concept is Ebezener Howard who is considered a pioneer of modern urban planning.

The relationship between the environment and tourism can be perceived from several different aspects. The concept of sustainability and its principles are one of the most frequently analysed approaches and the motivational basis for visiting can show how much the protected nature and healthy environment matter to the tourists. Based on the internal motivators, we examined whether the tourism in Derdap is controlled, on a smaller scale, and qualitatively focused. A total of 484 respondents participated in the survey research. The comparison of attitudes was performed in relation to the demographic attributes of the respondents (gender, age, education). Target getups of tourists who prefer sustainable tourism have been identified. Sustainable tourism is a significant determinant in the further development of tourism in the protected area National Park Derdap. The results of the research, based on 12 statements, performed t-testing and one-factor variance analysis (ANOVA), show that the visitors 'greatest interests are related to the environment (natural as well as cultural value of the area). The researched motivational factors (new experiences and events, relaxation and rest, acquiring new knowledge - cultural and educational motivation) are based on sustainability. The results of this research can be applied in practice by implementing them through various management and marketing plans in the National Park Derdap.

Bearing in mind the high growth rates of spa and wellness tourism on a global level, the quantity and quality of competitive bidding has continuous growth, and in these conditions it is extremely difficult for everyone to get adequate market position. Since Serbia, despite the extremely favorable natural resources for the development of spa tourism, is still among the underdeveloped destinations, of particular importance for the future improvement of this type of tourism and positioning of spas as a tourist destination on the international tourist market is the transformation of the traditional spas in modern spa centers and wellness tourism. The main aim of the research part of this thesis is to set up a relevant scientific basis for interpretation of the transformation process of traditional spas Serbia into modern centers spa and wellness tourism; this basis must be applicable, relevant and supported by adequate theoretical framework. The task of this research was to identify the problems of development of tourism in Serbian spas, on the one hand through the analysis of the motivation of tourists who visit spas, and on the other by analyzing attributes of attractiveness spas. This thesis aims to develop a model that would encompass all the factors that influence the decision-making process of tourists when it comes to choosing the spa as a place to rest. Previous studies either included only motivation (push and pull motives) or constraints, while this study presents an integrated model that includes all three factors. Understanding and adapting to the motivation and behavior of tourists is the only way to be competitive at the spa tourism market. The survey was conducted on samples of several tourists in spas in Serbia. Analysis of all the factors that influence the decision-making process on the selection of spas as tourist destinations in Serbia was carried out with the help of Analytical - Hierarchy Process (AHP method)., Imajući u vidu visoke stope rasta spa i wellness turizma na globalnom nivou, kvantitet i kvalitet konkurentskih ponuda beleži kontinuirani rast, te je u takvim uslovima vrlo zahtevan zadatak izboriti se za adekvatnu poziciju na tržištu. Budući da se Srbija, uprkos izuzetno povoljnim prirodnim resursima za razvoj banjskog turizma, još uvek ubraja u nedovoljno razvijene destinacije, od posebnog značaja za buduće unapređenje ovog vida turizma i pozicioniranje banja kao turističkih destinacija na međunarodnom turističkom tržištu, jeste upravo njihova transformacija od tradicionalnih lečilišta u moderne centre spa i wellness turizma. Osnovni cilj istraživanja u okviru ove disertacije je postavljanje naučno relevantnih osnova tumačenja procesa transformacije tradicionalnih banja Srbije u savremene centre spa i wellness turizma, koje će biti aplikativno prihvatljive i potkrepljene adekvatnim teorijskim okvirom. Zadaci istraživanja odnosili su se na razradu problematike turizma u banjama Srbije, s jedne strane analizom motivacije turista koji posećuju banje, a sa druge analizom atributa atraktivnosti banja. U disertaciji se pokušao razviti model koji bi obuhvatio sve faktore koji utiču na proces donošenja odluke turista kada je reč o izboru banje kao mesta za odmor. Dosadašnje studije ili su obuhvatale samo motivaciju (push i pull motive) ili samo ograničenja, dok je u ovoj studiji predstavljen integralan model koji uključuje sva tri faktora. Razumevanje i prilagođavanje motivaciji i ponašanju turista je jedini način da banje budu konkurentne na turističkom tržištu. Anketno istraživanje sprovedeno je na uzorcima turista u više banja u Srbiji. Analiza svih faktora koji utiču na proces donošenja odluke o izboru banja kao turističkih destinacija u Srbiji urađena je uz pomoć analitičko - hijerarhijskog procesa (AHP metod).

Имајући у виду високе стопе раста spa и wellness туризма на глобалном нивоу, квантитет и квалитет конкурентских понуда бележи континуирани раст, те је у таквим условима врло захтеван задатак изборити се за адекватну позицију на тржишту. Будући да се Србија, упркос изузетно повољним природним ресурсима за развој бањског туризма, још увек убраја у недовољно развијене дестинације, од посебног значаја за будуће унапређење овог вида туризма и позиционирање бања као туристичких дестинација на међународном туристичком тржишту, јесте управо њихова трансформација од традиционалних лечилишта у модерне центре spa и wellness туризма. Основни циљ истраживања у оквиру ове дисертације је постављање научно релевантних основа тумачења процеса трансформације традиционалних бања Србије у савремене центре spa и wellness туризма, које ће бити апликативно прихватљиве и поткрепљене адекватним теоријским оквиром. Задаци истраживања односили су се на разраду проблематике туризма у бањама Србије, с једне стране анализом мотивације туриста који посећују бање, а са друге анализом атрибута атрактивности бања. У дисертацији се покушао развити модел који би обухватио све факторе који утичу на процес доношења одлуке туриста када је реч о избору бање као места за одмор. Досадашње студије или су обухватале само мотивацију (push и pull мотиве) или само ограничења, док је у овој студији представљен интегралан модел који укључује сва три фактора. Разумевање и прилагођавање мотивацији и понашању туриста је једини начин да бање буду конкурентне на туристичком тржишту. Анкетно истраживање спроведено је на узорцима туриста у више бања у Србији. Анализа свих фактора који утичу на процес доношења одлуке о избору бања као туристичких дестинација у Србији урађена је уз помоћ аналитичко - хијерархијског процеса (АХП метод)., Bearing in mind the high growth rates of spa and wellness tourism on a global level, the quantity and quality of competitive bidding has continuous growth, and in these conditions it is extremely difficult for everyone to get adequate market position. Since Serbia, despite the extremely favorable natural resources for the development of spa tourism, is still among the underdeveloped destinations, of particular importance for the future improvement of this type of tourism and positioning of spas as a tourist destination on the international tourist market is the transformation of the traditional spas in modern spa centers and wellness tourism. The main aim of the research part of this thesis is to set up a relevant scientific basis for interpretation of the transformation process of traditional spas Serbia into modern centers spa and wellness tourism; this basis must be applicable, relevant and supported by adequate theoretical framework. The task of this research was to identify the problems of development of tourism in Serbian spas, on the one hand through the analysis of the motivation of tourists who visit spas, and on the other by analyzing attributes of attractiveness spas. This thesis aims to develop a model that would encompass all the factors that influence the decision-making process of tourists when it comes to choosing the spa as a place to rest. Previous studies either included only motivation (push and pull motives) or constraints, while this study presents an integrated model that includes all three factors. Understanding and adapting to the motivation and behavior of tourists is the only way to be competitive at the spa tourism market. The survey was conducted on samples of several tourists in spas in Serbia. Analysis of all the factors that influence the decision-making process on the selection of spas as tourist destinations in Serbia was carried out with the help of Analytical - Hierarchy Process (AHP method).

This paper proposes one new attempt to formulate a mathematical approach to climate parameters in the context of their complex implications for tourist activities through the tourism climate comfort index (TCCI). This paper also aims to formulate an original and optimal mathematical correlation between readily obtainable climate parameters (mean monthly air temperature, monthly amplitude of air temperatures, monthly insolation, average monthly relative air humidity and the number of rainy days), which results in values of the TCCI. Simultaneously, this index will provide the values correspondent to the values of air temperatures (degrees C), which represents a comparative baseline understandable equally for tourists, tourism planners and managers. The example of Serbia as a mainland country in the south-east of Europe was used to apply the proposed methodology. The spatial-temporal variability of TCCI is formulated on basis of data for the period 1961-2000 while for testing model was used selected period 2001-2010 on the sample of 26 meteorological stations distributed all around Serbia. For this purpose a standard statistical techniques were applied and ArcGIS software was used for analyze of the variability of the TCCI in relation to the altitude, which is of particular importance for the development of tourism in the mountains. Checking variability of the index was carried out in relation to statistical data about number of tourists on the three most visited tourist destinations which are of importance for the development of urban, mountain and spa tourism, the leading forms of tourism activities on the territory of Serbia. The obtained results correspond with the fact of the pronounced seasonality of tourism market and thus may represent a good basis for future tourism planning and management.

This research is based on identifying dynamics and tradition as cultural processes. Wine production in Negotin wine region (Rajac and Rogljevo area), eastern Serbia, is a family activity, but research has revealed some changes in traditional knowledge. We have explored the authenticity of tourism products on offer: whether the winemaking method is traditional, if there are rituals (traditions) regarding grape growing and winemaking as a cultural form, and if so, whether residents present them to tourists, as well as what the external effects related to the changes are. The aim of this research is to establish the reasons for changes in the way wine is produced, in the way of life, and whether tourism is a factor in revitalising traditional winemaking or not. This paper examines the development of changes, and explains how they are affected by the value system of the local community, their knowledge or experiences, what is considered traditional and what modern. Pimnice, folk architecture structures where wine was produced and stored were analysed in relation to their significance both in the past and in the present. We have investigated the response of residents to changes in production, whether there is a will to continue participating in viticulture, and the possibilities of public-private partnership with regard to the increase in wine production and restoration of these unique wine cellars.

This paper proposes one new attempt to formulate a mathematical approach to climate parameters in the context of their complex implications for tourist activities through the tourism climate comfort index (TCCI). This paper also aims to formulate an original and optimal mathematical correlation between readily obtainable climate parameters (mean monthly air temperature, monthly amplitude of air temperatures, monthly insolation, average monthly relative air humidity and the number of rainy days), which results in values of the TCCI. Simultaneously, this index will provide the values correspondent to the values of air temperatures (degrees C), which represents a comparative baseline understandable equally for tourists, tourism planners and managers. The example of Serbia as a mainland country in the south-east of Europe was used to apply the proposed methodology. The spatial-temporal variability of TCCI is formulated on basis of data for the period 1961-2000 while for testing model was used selected period 2001-2010 on the sample of 26 meteorological stations distributed all around Serbia. For this purpose a standard statistical techniques were applied and ArcGIS software was used for analyze of the variability of the TCCI in relation to the altitude, which is of particular importance for the development of tourism in the mountains. Checking variability of the index was carried out in relation to statistical data about number of tourists on the three most visited tourist destinations which are of importance for the development of urban, mountain and spa tourism, the leading forms of tourism activities on the territory of Serbia. The obtained results correspond with the fact of the pronounced seasonality of tourism market and thus may represent a good basis for future tourism planning and management.

This paper analyses cultural indicators, one of five groups of comparative indicators of sustainable tourism, defined and suggested to the European Commission by a team of experts. The group of cultural indicators includes indicators such as the ratio of accommodation capacities to the number of population, and tourism intensity and they show the level of preservation of local population identity. The statistical data from the last four census year were used in the analysis of cultural indicators of tourism sustainability in spa settlements in Serbia. The ratio of accommodation capacities to the number of local population can be defined as favourable in most spas (green zone), since there is no intensive tourist construction (apart from illegal construction), while the tourism intensity based on the example of Serbian spa settlements points at very unfavourable situation, since in all four census years the recorded, the results are in the red zone, i.e. on the one hand, there is a relatively low number of local population and on the other hand, there is a high number of overnight stays., U ovom radu analizirani su kulturni indikatori, jedna od pet grupa komparativnih indikatora održivog turizma, koje je definisao i Komisiji Evropske unije predložio tim stručnjaka. U grupu kulturnih indikatora spadaju odnos smeštajnih kapaciteta i broja lokalnog stanovništva i intenzitet turizma i oni pokazuju stepen očuvanosti identiteta lokalnog stanovništva. U analizi kulturnih indikatora održivosti turizma u banjskim naseljima Srbije korišćeni su statistički podaci iz poslednje četiri popisne godine. Odnos smeštajnih kapaciteta i broja lokalnog stanovništva može se u većini banja definisati kao povoljan (zelena zona), jer se ne može govoriti o intenzivnoj turističkoj izgradnji (osim u divljoj gradnji), dok intenzitet turizma na primeru banjskih naselja Srbije ukazuje na veoma nepovoljnu situaciju, jer su u sve četiri popisne godine evidentirani rezultati u crvenoj zoni, tj. relativno je mali broj lokalnog stanovništva s jedne strane i veliki broj ostvarenih noćenja s druge strane.

Spa tourism is not adequately treated in the development strategies of Knjaževac. Much more attention is given to the development of tourism in the mountain Stara Planina, as idea that rural tourism could become an important source of income for the population of this area. Thermal water sources, only five kilometers away from Knjaževac, have not been used for tourist purposes. The goal of this paper is to analyze the potential of Rgoška spa for tourism development in this region, with emphasis on experiences from Europe., Banjski turizam nije adekvatno tretiran u razvojnim strategijama knjaževačkog kraja. Mnogo više pažnje posvećuje se razvoju planinskog turizma na Staroj planini, sa idejom da bi seoski turizam mogao da postane značajan izvor prihoda stanovništvu ovog kraja. Vode termalnog izvora, udaljenog svega pet kilometara od Knjaževca, do sada nisu korišćene u turističke svrhe. Predmet ovog rada je proučavanje potencijala Rgoške banje u funkciji razvoja banjskog turizma ovog kraja, sa osvrtom na iskustva iz Evrope.