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14 results on '"Bealey, William J."'

1. Estimation of ammonia deposition to forest ecosystems in Scotland and Sri Lanka using wind-controlled NH3 enhancement experiments

Author

Deshpande, Ajinkya G., Jones, Matthew R., van Dijk, Netty, Mullinger, Neil J., Harvey, Duncan, Nicoll, Robert, Toteva, Galina, Weerakoon, Gothamie, Nissanka, Sarath, Weerakoon, Buddhika, Grenier, Maude, Iwanicka, Agata, Duarte, Fred, Stephens, Amy, Ellis, Christopher J., Vieno, Massimo, Drewer, Julia, Wolseley, Pat A., Nanayakkara, Shamodi, Prabhashwara, Tharindu, Bealey, William J., Nemitz, Eiko, and Sutton, Mark A.

Published
2024
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3. The Critical Loads and Levels Approach for Nitrogen

Author

Clair, Thomas A., Blett, Tamara, Aherne, Julian, Aidar, Marcos P. M., Artz, Richard, Bealey, William J., Budd, William, Cape, J. Neil, Curtis, Chris J., Duan, Lei, Fenn, Mark E., Groffman, Peter, Haeuber, Richard, Hall, Jane R., Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, López-Hernández, Danilo, Mathieson, Scot, Pardo, Linda, Posch, Maximilian, Pouyat, Richard V., Spranger, Till, Sverdrup, Harald, van Dobben, Hans, van Hinsberg, Arjan, Sutton, Mark A., editor, Mason, Kate E., editor, Sheppard, Lucy J., editor, Sverdrup, Harald, editor, Haeuber, Richard, editor, and Hicks, W. Kevin, editor

Published
2014
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4. The Effects of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Terrestrial and Freshwater Biodiversity

Author

Baron, Jill S., Barber, Mary, Adams, Mark, Agboola, Julius I., Allen, Edith B., Bealey, William J., Bobbink, Roland, Bobrovsky, Maxim V., Bowman, William D, Branquinho, Cristina, Bustamente, Mercedes M.C., Clark, Christopher M., Cocking, Edward C., Cruz, Cristina, Davidson, Eric, Denmead, O. Tom, Dias, Teresa, Dise, Nancy B., Feest, Alan, Galloway, James N., Geiser, Linda H., Gilliam, Frank S., Harrison, Ian J., Khanina, Larisa G., Lu, Xiankai, Manrique, Esteban, Hueso, Raúl Ochoa, Ometto, Jean P.H.B., Payne, Richard, Scheuschner, Thomas, Sheppard, Lucy J., Simpson, Gavin L., Singh, Y. V., Stevens, Carly J., Strachan, Ian, Sverdrup, Harald, Tokuchi, Naoko, Dobben, Hans van, Woodin, Sarah, Sutton, Mark A., editor, Mason, Kate E., editor, Sheppard, Lucy J., editor, Sverdrup, Harald, editor, Haeuber, Richard, editor, and Hicks, W. Kevin, editor

Published
2014
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6. Agroforestry and opportunities for improved nitrogen management

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Mason, Kate E., Bleeker, Albert, Hicks, W. Kevin, Masso, Cargele, Raghuram, N., Reis, Stefan, Bekunda, Mateete, Lawson, Gerry, Bealey, William J., Dupraz, Christian, Skiba, Ute M., Sutton, Mark A., Mason, Kate E., Bleeker, Albert, Hicks, W. Kevin, Masso, Cargele, Raghuram, N., Reis, Stefan, Bekunda, Mateete, Lawson, Gerry, Bealey, William J., Dupraz, Christian, and Skiba, Ute M.

Abstract

Multi-species systems include herbaceous mixtures (cover cropping, living mulches, intercropping), woody mixtures and herbaceous-woody mixtures, i.e., “agroforestry”. Agroforestry systems have particular potential to improve nitrogen (N) availability to both the tree and herbaceous components, and to increase N-conservation and recycling. This is achieved through the following: (a) deeper and more extensive root distributions, (b) greater root and shoot turnover, (c) N-fixation in either tree or crop roots, (d) facultative mycorrhizal associations, (e) greater interception of light and water resources, (f) improved soil structure and organic matter content, and (g) control of erosion and leaching. Ammonia recapture by tree-foliage from livestock emissions reduces N deposition on nearby sensitive ecosystems, and contributes to reductions in net N2O emissions. Trees, especially if they are not N-fixers, are also likely to reduce soil N2O emissions by drying the soil, increasing soil-aeration, and removing excess nitrate concentrations throughout most of the year. Agroforestry is identified as one of the best options for climate change mitigation and adaptation, but more measurements are required on fluxes of N2O and CH4 from agroforestry systems of different type and age.

Published
2020

8. ECLAIRE: Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems. Project final report

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Dave, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Wichink, Roy, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, Zubkova, Elena, Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Dave, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Wichink, Roy, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, and Zubkova, Elena

Abstract

The central goal of ECLAIRE is to assess how climate change will alter the extent to which air pollutants threaten terrestrial ecosystems. Particular attention has been given to nitrogen compounds, especially nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3), as well as Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) in relation to tropospheric ozone (O3) formation, including their interactions with aerosol components. ECLAIRE has combined a broad program of field and laboratory experimentation and modelling of pollution fluxes and ecosystem impacts, advancing both mechanistic understanding and providing support to European policy makers. The central finding of ECLAIRE is that future climate change is expected to worsen the threat of air pollutants on Europe’s ecosystems. Firstly, climate warming is expected to increase the emissions of many trace gases, such as agricultural NH3, the soil component of NOx emissions and key BVOCs. Experimental data and numerical models show how these effects will tend to increase atmospheric N deposition in future. By contrast, the net effect on tropospheric O3 is less clear. This is because parallel increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations will offset the temperature-driven increase for some BVOCs, such as isoprene. By contrast, there is currently insufficient evidence to be confident that CO2 will offset anticipated climate increases in monoterpene emissions. Secondly, climate warming is found to be likely to increase the vulnerability of ecosystems towards air pollutant exposure or atmospheric deposition. Such effects may occur as a consequence of combined perturbation, as well as through specific interactions, such as between drought, O3, N and aerosol exposure. These combined effects of climate change are expected to offset part of the benefit of current emissions control policies. Unless decisive mitigation actions are taken, it is anticipated that ongoing climate warming will increase agricultural and other biogenic emissions, posing a c

Published
2015

9. ECLAIRE third periodic report

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibeke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana Dzaja, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Davie, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, Van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Kruit, Roy Wichink, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, Zubkova, Elena, Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibeke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana Dzaja, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Davie, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, Van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Kruit, Roy Wichink, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, and Zubkova, Elena

Abstract

The ÉCLAIRE project (Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems) is a four year (2011-2015) project funded by the EU's Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7).

Published
2015

10. Source attribution of eutrophying and acidifying pollutants on the UK Natura 2000 network

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Mason, Kate E., Sheppard, Lucy J., Sverdrup, Harald, Haeuber, Richard, Hicks, Kevin W., Bealey, William J., Dore, Anthony J., Whitfield, Clare P., Hall, Jane R., Vieno, Massimo, Sutton, Mark A., Mason, Kate E., Sheppard, Lucy J., Sverdrup, Harald, Haeuber, Richard, Hicks, Kevin W., Bealey, William J., Dore, Anthony J., Whitfield, Clare P., Hall, Jane R., and Vieno, Massimo

Abstract

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) deposition from industrial, transport and agricultural sources may exert a range of different types of impacts on Natura 2000 sites in Europe. The FRAME (Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange) model, incorporating emission point sources and sectors, was used to provide footprints of N and S deposition across the UK from 160 sources or groups of sources. The resulting matrix of source attribution by sector, and exceedance statistics for each site, provide a means of impact assessment for the whole UK’s Natura 2000 network. For 2005 80 % of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in the UK have at least one feature exceeding their minimum N critical load, while the figure for acidity exceedance is 75 %. By 2020, the values are estimated at 74 and 62 %, respectively, indicating that current policies are insufficient to avoid exceedance of the critical loads. Although NOx emissions are projected to decrease substantially, the modest reduction in exceedance is a consequence of the contribution of NH3 from agricultural sources, which is projected to decrease only slightly between 2005 and 2020. Future analysis should address the spatial importance of source location and site proximity to a source, and examine the relationship between dry and wet deposition by source sector.

Published
2014

11. The critical loads and levels approach for nitrogen

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Mason, Kate E., Sheppard, Lucy J., Sverdrup, Harald, Haeuber, Richard, Hicks, W. Kevin, Clair, Thomas A., Blett, Tamara, Aherne, Julian, Aidar, Marcos P.M., Artz, Richard, Bealey, William J., Budd, William, Cape, J. Neil, Curtis, Chris J., Duan, Lei, Fenn, Mark E., Groffman, Peter, Hall, Jane R., Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, López-Hernández, Danilo, Mathieson, Scot, Pardo, Linda, Posch, Maximilian, Pouyat, Richard V., Spranger, Till, van Dobben, Hans, van Hinsberg, Arjan, Sutton, Mark A., Mason, Kate E., Sheppard, Lucy J., Sverdrup, Harald, Haeuber, Richard, Hicks, W. Kevin, Clair, Thomas A., Blett, Tamara, Aherne, Julian, Aidar, Marcos P.M., Artz, Richard, Bealey, William J., Budd, William, Cape, J. Neil, Curtis, Chris J., Duan, Lei, Fenn, Mark E., Groffman, Peter, Hall, Jane R., Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, López-Hernández, Danilo, Mathieson, Scot, Pardo, Linda, Posch, Maximilian, Pouyat, Richard V., Spranger, Till, van Dobben, Hans, and van Hinsberg, Arjan

Abstract

This chapter reports the findings of a Working Group to review the critical loads (CLs) and levels approach for nitrogen (N). The three main approaches to estimating CLs are empirical, mass balance and dynamic modelling. Examples are given of recent developments in Europe, North America and Asia and it is concluded that other countries should be encouraged to develop basic assessments using soil, land cover, and deposition map overlays in order to determine what regions might exceed nitrogen CLs. There is a need for increasing the certainty of critical load (CL) estimates by focusing on empirical data needs, especially for understudied ecosystems such as tropical or Mediterranean, high elevation environments, and aquatic systems. There is also a need to improve steady-state mass balance parameters, especially soil solution terms, such as nitrate leaching, used to determine the CL, and denitrification, which is an equation parameter. Improved dynamic models are needed for predicting plant community changes, and work should continue on existing models to determine CL values. Dynamic models require more data and are more complex than simple calculated CLs but offer more information and allow the development of ‘what if?’ scenarios. Optimal use of CLs requires expert knowledge of ecosystem values to provide reference states so that safe deposition amounts can be determined. Increased interaction between CL and biodiversity specialists to identify critical biodiversity limits would help provide better CL assessments.

Published
2014

12. The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Mason, Kate E., Sheppard, Lucy J., Sverdrup, Harald, Haeuber, Richard, Hicks, W. Kevin, Baron, Jill S., Barber, Mary, Adams, Mark, Agboola, Julius I., Allen, Edith B., Bealey, William J., Bobbink, Roland, Bobrovsky, Maxim V., Bowman, William D., Branquinho, Cristina, Bustamente, Mercedes M.C., Clark, Christopher M., Cocking, Edward C., Cruz, Cristina, Davidson, Eric, Denmead, O. Tom, Dias, Teresa, Dise, Nancy B., Feest, Alan, Galloway, James N., Geiser, Linda H., Gilliam, Frank S., Harrison, Ian J., Khanina, Larisa G., Lu, Xiankai, Manrique, Esteban, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Ometto, Jean P.H.B., Payne, Richard, Scheuschner, Thomas, Simpson, Gavin L., Singh, Y.V., Stevens, Carly J., Strachan, Ian, Tokuchi, Naoko, van Dobben, Hans, Woodin, Sarah, Sutton, Mark A., Mason, Kate E., Sheppard, Lucy J., Sverdrup, Harald, Haeuber, Richard, Hicks, W. Kevin, Baron, Jill S., Barber, Mary, Adams, Mark, Agboola, Julius I., Allen, Edith B., Bealey, William J., Bobbink, Roland, Bobrovsky, Maxim V., Bowman, William D., Branquinho, Cristina, Bustamente, Mercedes M.C., Clark, Christopher M., Cocking, Edward C., Cruz, Cristina, Davidson, Eric, Denmead, O. Tom, Dias, Teresa, Dise, Nancy B., Feest, Alan, Galloway, James N., Geiser, Linda H., Gilliam, Frank S., Harrison, Ian J., Khanina, Larisa G., Lu, Xiankai, Manrique, Esteban, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Ometto, Jean P.H.B., Payne, Richard, Scheuschner, Thomas, Simpson, Gavin L., Singh, Y.V., Stevens, Carly J., Strachan, Ian, Tokuchi, Naoko, van Dobben, Hans, and Woodin, Sarah

Abstract

This chapter reports the findings of a Working Group on how atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition affects both terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity. Regional and global scale impacts on biodiversity are addressed, together with potential indicators. Key conclusions are that: the rates of loss in biodiversity are greatest at the lowest and initial stages of N deposition increase; changes in species compositions are related to the relative amounts of N, carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) in the plant soil system; enhanced N inputs have implications for C cycling; N deposition is known to be having adverse effects on European and North American vegetation composition; very little is known about tropical ecosystem responses, while tropical ecosystems are major biodiversity hotspots and are increasingly recipients of very high N deposition rates; N deposition alters forest fungi and mycorrhyzal relations with plants; the rapid response of forest fungi and arthropods makes them good indicators of change; predictive tools (models) that address ecosystem scale processes are necessary to address complex drivers and responses, including the integration of N deposition, climate change and land use effects; criteria can be identified for projecting sensitivity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to N deposition. Future research and policy-relevant recommendations are identified.

Published
2014

13. Nitrogen

Author

Maione, Michela, Fuzzi, Sandro, Sutton, Mark A., Reis, Stefan, Howard, Clare M., Bealey, William J., Nemitz, Eiko, Fowler, David, Bleeker, Albert, Hicks, Kevin W., Beier, Claus, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, de Vries, Wim, Oenema, Oene, Erisman, Jan Willem, Holland, Mike, Klimont, Zbigniew, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amman, Marcus, Maione, Michela, Fuzzi, Sandro, Sutton, Mark A., Reis, Stefan, Howard, Clare M., Bealey, William J., Nemitz, Eiko, Fowler, David, Bleeker, Albert, Hicks, Kevin W., Beier, Claus, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, de Vries, Wim, Oenema, Oene, Erisman, Jan Willem, Holland, Mike, Klimont, Zbigniew, Winiwarter, Wilfried, and Amman, Marcus

Published
2013

14. The challenge to integrate nitrogen science and policies: the European Nitrogen Assessment approach

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Erisman, Jan Willem, Billen, Gilles, Bleeker, Albert, Grennfelt, Peringe, van Grinsven, Hans, Grizzetti, Bruna, Bealey, William J., Bouwman, Alexander F., Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Erisman, Jan Willem, Billen, Gilles, Bleeker, Albert, Grennfelt, Peringe, van Grinsven, Hans, Grizzetti, Bruna, Bealey, William J., and Bouwman, Alexander F.

Published
2011

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