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This study aims to answer eight problems related to leadership effectiveness. It is realized that the quality of education in general and the achievement of students in particular is not a stand-alone thing, but it is the result of a learning process that is determined by various factors such as principals, teachers, students, curriculum, source books, libraries, laboratories, and facilities. other supports. The population of this study was the principal of a high school in Medan, amounting to 231 people. Sampling was carried out using a stratified proportional random sampling technique using the Cochran formula to produce a sample of 114 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire with a Likert. Research data is processed and analyzed by path analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is a direct effect of job design on managerial competence 0.5881; job design on achievement motivation 0.3105; job design on leadership effectiveness 0.2481; interpersonal communication on managerial competence 0.1428; interpersonal communication on achievement motivation 0.2573; interpersonal communication on leadership effectiveness 0.1779; teacher managerial competence on leadership effectiveness 0.1644; and achievement motivation on leadership effectiveness 0.1893. It can be stated that increasing the effectiveness of the principal's leadership can be done through job design, interpersonal communication, managerial competence, and achievement motivation.

This study examines the impact of using dry rice, characterized by low calories and high resistant starch content, on broiler performance under heat stress conditions in Indonesia. Broilers face challenges related to stress, particularly heat stress, which can compromise their immunity. The research investigates the potential of resistant starch in dry rice to enhance broiler digestion performance and immunity. The experiment, conducted at Zakiyah Farm and the Laboratory of the Wates Veterinary Center, Yogyakarta, involved three treatments (T1, T2, and T3) with five replications each. Observed variables included water consumption, carcass weight, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), bursa fabricius weight, and Hi-Test Nd antibody levels. Results showed no significant impact on water consumption, carcass weight, and PCV across all treatments. However, a decrease in bursa weight in T1 and T3 indicated an increased level of stress. The lowest seropositive Hi-Test Nd values in T1 and T3 suggested that the use of dry rice through the sowing method might alleviate heat stress on broilers. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the potential of dry rice to maintain the stability of broiler antibodies under heat stress conditions, emphasizing the need for further exploration of alternative dietary components.

Plastic waste is now a major environmental problem worldwide, and it has worsened in the last few years. Scientists are studying how much plastic is in the environment, how dangerous it is, and how to learn it. This study looked at research papers on microplastics’ effects on plants listed by Scopus from 2011 to 2022. The goal was to see how this body of knowledge has grown and expanded over time and guess what it will do. The authors used the VOSviewer package and Scopus analytics for the bibliometric study. A total of 380 manuscripts, written by 159 authors, were taken out. Much study is being done on particle size, quantity, bioaccumulation, and environmental and community effects. Rillig, M.C., Das Berlin-Brandenburgisches Institut für Biodiversitatsforschung, Germany, is thought to be the most productive and often-cited researcher. The Ministry of Education China is the most essential printing house. China is the leader in terms of the number of papers and study partnerships. It is best to look at the International Journal of Pharmaceutics.

The progressive growth in various industries is followed by products in the form of waste – among them are heavy metal waste such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, Zn, and Cu. The substances are often found in the form of pesticide, heavy metal, and radioactive remains, which can degrade water and land through industrial waste discharge. Wastewater management to meet the quality standard as detailed in the Decree of the Ministry of Environmental Affairs and Forestry – Republic of Indonesia prior to discharge is a must. Azolla can eradicate heavy metal pollutants thanks to its heavy metal hyperaccumulating ability, allowing it to decontaminate industrial waste, water reservoir, and any water bodies. While Azolla sp. fits for absorbing aforementioned non-essential heavy metal, its employment for controlling iron (Fe) as an essential substance is proven beneficial. In newlyopened rice fields where Fe poisoning frequently occurs due to oxidation-reduction process, rice growth and production is badly affected – applying azolla should not only bioremediate field water, but also contribute organic biomass as well as supply nitrogen while, at the same time, serve as antibiotics to support good rice yield.

The Klandasan Parking Building (GPK) is an 8-story parking built in Balikpapan that serves as vehicle parking and uses a conventional structure system (columns, beams, plates) where the highest beam is about 800 mm. To maximize the clearance of each story, an alternative structure system is planned by removing beams called flat slabs. The new plan is conducted by modifying the structure into a dual system which consists of an Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame, a flat plate with drop panels used to withstand gravitational loads on buildings and a Structural Wall System (SWS) installed to resist lateral loads such as earthquake and wind. Structure’s plan refers to SNI 03-2847-2013 and SNI 03-1726-2012 which are Indonesia’s concrete and earthquake codes respectively. In addition, PPURG 1987 is also used to determine loads for the building. The analysis result shows that the building could be changed from 8 to 9 stories using the same total height of 8 stories. The depth of plates and drop panels which are supported by interior and exterior columns are 250 mm and 100 mm respectively. Turning to the shear wall, a thickness of 350 mm can be used to resist lateral loads.

Based volleyball learning model e-book- and developed it as a sports lecturer's guide in teaching courses volleyball The resulting products are learning models volleyball learning materials volleyball based E-Book-. This research was developed by adapting the Borg & Gall educational research and development model. The development procedure used includes several stages: 1) recognizing the content of the product being developed, 2) developing the initial product of the game, 3) expert validation, 4) testing field The data analysis technique used in this research is done in two ways, namely quantitative and qualitative. Based on media trials in the field, the following results were obtained: 1) The media developed was very valid (good) with an average media validation questionnaire by experts of 92.39%. 2) The learning media developed is very practical, by getting a very good response where the average questionnaire is 92.12% which gives a positive response, 3) the E-Book media developed is quite effective, where the completeness of student learning outcomes reaches 87.19 %. From these results, it shows that the animation-based E-Book media that was developed is very feasible to be used in supporting learning activities in the classroom.

Bookkeeping is indispensable to find and measure the performance of MSMEs. MSME Fandafa Group, which is located in Pungging Village, Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency, still uses the manual recording method so it has not been well structured. This makes it difficult for business activities to develop properly. Based on these problems, KSM-Thematic Group 101 conducted training in making simple bookkeeping. This training aims to provide guidance for the MSMEs of the Fandafa Group to optimize profitability, operational analysis and the level of control, control and decision making. The method used begins by explaining the material and the importance of simple bookkeeping. The next stage is training in simple bookkeeping consisting of a cash book, inventory of goods, inventory of goods and income statement. The result of this training is that Fandafa Group knows the importance and how to make financial reports for the Fandafa Group to be more structured so that it can analyze business performance which in the end Fandafa Group can optimize its performance.

Abstrak Dalam dunia konstruksi, balok beton bertulang menggunakan tulangan longitudinal agar dapat menahan tegangan tarik yang terjadi pada penampang beton tersebut dan tulangan longitudinal yang digunakan adalah baja tulangan (rebar reinforcement). Tegangan tarik yang dapat mencapai 420 Mpa merupakan alasan utama baja tulangan digunakan pada beton bertulang, namun, akibat perkembangan teknologi, terdapat material yang mempunyai tegangan tarik yang melebihi baja tulangan yaitu baja ringan. Baja ringan adalah baja canai dingin (light cold rolled) dengan kualitas tinggi yang bersifat ringan dan tipis, namun memiliki tegangan tarik yang melebihi baja tulangan biasa yaitu 550 Mpa, oleh karena itu, untuk mengetahui kapasitas lentur balok beton berbaja ringan maka dilakukan penelitian dengan memanfaatkan baja ringan sebagai tulangan longitudinal yang selanjutnya dilakukan uji lentur sesuai SNI-4431-2011. Baja canai dingin yang digunakan adalah baja ringan tipe C (C75x0.75) dengan 3 skema benda uji. Skema pertama yaitu dengan memanfaatkan baja ringan secara utuh sedangkan skema kedua dan ketiga adalah hanya dengan memanfaatkan badan dari baja ringan tersebut sehingga masing-masing skema memiliki rasio penulangan sebesar 0.47%, 0.28%, dan 0.28%. Selain itu, beton bertulang biasa dengan rasio 0.63% turut diuji sebagai pembanding (skema 4). Hasil uji lentur menunjukkan bahwa skema 1 menunjukkan kuat lentur terbesar dari skema lainnya yaitu sebesar 7.48 Mpa. Selanjutnya, meskipun skema kedua dan ketiga memiliki rasio penulangan yang sama skema kedua memiliki kuat lentur 0.24 Mpa lebih besar dari skema ketiga yang bernilai 5.76 Mpa. Akhirnya, beton dengan tulangan biasa dengan rasio terbesar memiliki kuat lentur sebesar 5.06 Mpa. Kata kunci: Baja Ringan, Rasio Penulangan, Tulangan Longitudinal, Uji Lentur Abstract In the world of construction, reinforced concrete beams generally use longitudinal reinforcement to withstand the tensile stress that occurs in the concrete section and the longitudinal reinforcement used is rebar reinforcement. The tensile stress that can reach 420 Mpa is the main reason reinforcing steel is used in reinforced concrete. However, due to technological developments, there is a material that has tensile stress that exceeds that of reinforcing steel, namely mild steel. Mild steel is light cold-rolled steel with high quality which is light and thin but has tensile stress that exceeds ordinary reinforcing steel, which is 550 Mpa. Therefore, to determine the flexural capacity of lightweight steel beams, research was carried out using mild steel as longitudinal reinforcement, which was then carried out by bending tests according to SNI-4431-2011. Cold rolled steel used is mild steel type C (C75x0.75) with 3 specimen schemes. The first scheme is to make full use of mild steel, while the second and third schemes are only to utilize the body of the mild steel so that each scheme has a reinforcement ratio of 0.47%, 0.28%, and 0.28%. Also, ordinary reinforced concrete with a ratio of 0.63% was also tested for comparison (fourth scheme). The flexural test results show that scheme 1 shows the largest flexural strength of the other schemes, namely 7.48 Mpa. Furthermore, although the second and third schemes have the same reinforcement ratio, the second scheme has a bending strength of 0.24 MPa which is greater than the third scheme which is 5.76 MPa. Finally, concrete with ordinary reinforcement with the largest ratio has a bending strength of 5.06 Mpa. Keywords: Bending Test, longitudinal reinforcement, Mild Steel, Reinforcement Ratio

Timber demand is increasing, especially in the field of construction. In its use wood is not used just like that, but mixed or combined with other materials. Wood and mortar have different material properties which when they are combined, it will affect the strength, so the research is carried out by comparing the strength of wood before and after planting in the mortar based on physical and mechanical properties with the test standards referring to PKKI NI-5 1961, ASTM D2395-14, and ASTM D442-92. From the results of direct testing and previous studies which then carried out the numerical analysis, it is known that the strength of gelam wood and ironwood after being planted in mortar has increased, but not significantly.

Pemeliharaan bangunan gedung merupakan cara yang digunakan untuk mempertahankan fungsi dari gedung itu sendiri. Pemeliharaan bangunan gedung harus dilaksanakan pada saat pra-konstruksi, saat konstruksi hingga saat pasca konstruksi. Hasil dari pemeliharaan gedung akan dirasakan oleh pengguna gedung berupa rasa nyaman saat melakukan aktivitas di gedung yang dipelihara. Dalam analisis ini, variable bebas faktor pemeliharan yang digunakan berupa pemeliharaan plafond, pemeliharaan dinding, pemeliharaan sistem penerangan, pemeliharaan tata udara, pemeliharaan ruang kelas, dan pemeliharaan kamar kecil. Sedangkan variabel terikat yang digunakan berupa kenyamanan beraktivitas mahasiswa. Data didapatkan dengan mendistribusikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa Institut Teknologi Kalimantan sebanyak 50 orang secara acak. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi liniear berganda dengan program bantuan software SPSS. Hasil analisa variable-variabel pemeliharaan bangunan berpengaruh terhadap kenyamanan beraktivitas mahasiswa sebesar 49,7%. Variabel pemeliharaan yang paling dominan terhadap kenyamanan beraktivitas mahasiswa adalah variable pemeliharaan kamar kecil dengan nilai beta sebesar 0,120

Investigation that was raised in this study was to improve dribbling skills. One form of training that must be done is coordination training and agility training for the players of the Tunas Muda Medan Football School (SSB TMM). Furthermore, it is expected that discoveries can be made that can improve dribbling skills with other training components for soccer players in soccer schools. This study aims to improve the skills of dribbling SSB TMM players in the city of Medan, North Sumatra Province by using coordination training and agility training. The experimental population was all SSB TMM players with a sample of 22 people. The research method used is descriptive with a correlational process, the analysis system is used to test the hypothesis which is the normality test, linearity test, and correlation test. From the end of the first hypothesis correlation test, a significance value of 0.046

In 2013, The Ministry of Forestry revealed that the need for wood as material for construction was always increasing. In order to find the innovations regarding timber structure, this study was conducted to discover the flexural strength of gelam and sengon based on SNI 03-3959-1995. Also, specimens which 50 mm in depth, 50 mm in height and 760 mm in length were tested using two point loading method based on ASTM D-198. This research showed that the average flexural strength of gelam is 100.13 Mpa which is greater than sengon (82.62 Mpa). Furthermore, as simple truss structure, simulation indicated that gelam and sengon are still capable in resisting moment generated from service load.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak daun katuk, minyak ikan lemuru dan vitamin E sebagai feed suplement terhadap komposisi asam lemak dan asam amino daging broiler. Seratus sembilan puluh lima ekor ayam broiler didistribusikan menjadi 13 kelompok perlakuan yaitu : P0 : Pakan mengandung feed suplement komersial (pakan kontol). P1: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru. P2: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P3: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru. P4: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P5: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru. P6: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P7: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru. P8: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P9: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru. P10: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P11: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru. P12: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 13 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 ekor ayam broiler, jumlah ayam dalam penelitian sebanyak 195 ekor. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis sesuai rancangan yang digunakan (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dan Uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) untuk menguji perbedaan pengaruh perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak daun katuk, minyak ikan lemuru dan vitamin E sangat nyata (P < 0.01) meningkatkan EPA, DHA, asam palmitat, dan asam stearat tetapi menurunkan asam meristat, linolenat. Terhadap komposisi asam amino daging broiler meningkatkan asam glutamat, serin, glisin, valin dan leusin. Kata kunci: Daun katuk, minyak ikan lemuru, asam lemak, asam amino, broiler

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun katuk, minyak ikan lemuru dan vitamin E sebagai pengganti feed suplement komersial terhadap performans dan kualitas daging ayam broiler. Seratus sembilan puluh lima ekor ayam broiler didistribusikan menjadi 13 kelompok perlakuan yaitu: P0: Pakan mengandung feed suplement komersial (pakan kontol). P1: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru. P2: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P3: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru. P4: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P5: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru. P6: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P7: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru. P8: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P9: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru. P10: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P11: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru. P12: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 13 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 ekor ayam broiler, jumlah ayam dalam penelitian sebanyak 195 ekor. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis sesuai rancangan yang digunakan (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dan Uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) untuk menguji perbedaan pengaruh perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak daun katuk, minyak ikan lemuru dan vitamin E berbeda tidak nyata (P>0.05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan berat badan dan konversi ransum ayam broiler serta berbeda sangat nyata (P

This study builds on existing researches to further investigates cyclic responses of the steel tube-confined reinforced concrete (RC) columns, with a primary focus on those subjected to high-axial load. A total of eleven column specimens were tested under lateral displacement reversal and axial load of either 0.3Ag fcm,c or 0.5Ag fcm,c , where Ag and fcm,c refers to concrete cross section area and tested concrete strength of the column, respectively. Three specimens represented the conventional reinforced concrete (RC) columns while the rest were the steel tube-confined circular RC columns. The key test parameters included (1) amount of longitudinal reinforcement, (2) axial load level, (3) continuity of the confining steel tube, and (4) clear cover of the longitudinal reinforcement. Test results showed that all the steel tube-confined RC specimens sustained the target axial load and maximum lateral strength up to around 10% drift ratio. A simple strength model was proposed to reasonably estimate the maximum strength of the steel tube-confined RC columns. The flexural rigidity ratio, (EI)test/Ecm,cIg , for RC specimens and specimens confined by continuous steel tube ranged between 0.6 and 0.8, approximately. Specimens confined by the cutoff steel tube showed lower (EI)test/Ecm,cIg ratio between approximately 0.3 and 0.6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to assess the cytotoxic effects of the cryoprotectant helix Antarctic yeast-orientated antifreeze peptide Afp1m on normal mouse skin fibroblasts, an in vitro model was developed for cytotoxicity assessment. In order to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Afp1m, the cells of M. dunni (Clone III8C) were subjected to various amounts of Afp1m. The cell viability was assessed using MTT Assay (Tetrazolium dye MTT 3-(4, 5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-10 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) against the positive control cells (Clone III8C) that were cultured with 10% FBS (Foetal Bovine Serum) using an Elisa reader and in medium containing various amounts (10, 5, 2, 1 and 0.5 mg/mL) of Afp1m, the control group (10% FBS) displayed varying survival percentages (78.86 ± 10.17%, 88.38 ± 3.19%, 88.75 ± 7.19 %, 90.61 ± 7.11%, 91.19 ± 4.52%, and 100.00 ± 0.0 %) throughout 24 hr. At 72 hr of treatment, the cell viability scores of Afp1m at 5, 2, 1, and 0.5 mg/mL were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of 10mg/mL, which showed 86.73 ± 6.92 % viability of cells (103.9 ± 6.56 %, 104.3 ± 5.13%, 100.9 ± 1.71%, 102.8 ± 1.24%, and 100.00 ± 0.0%). At 24, 48, and 72 hr, retarded development was noted in 10 mg/mL Afp1m. Development was observed, albeit more slowly than in the positive control and treated with lesser concentrations. The findings of this work indicate that Afp1m exhibits cryoprotective properties without inducing toxicity when used for the cryopreservation of M. dunni (Clone III8C) cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]