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Though thermoresponsive lower critical solution temperature (LCST) hydrogels have attracted intense attention to be applied in smart windows, less efforts are paid on the LCST effect on the heat transfer process. Herein, the research mainly focuses on heat transfer process of thermoresponsive PNIPAm hydrogels. It is the first time reported that LCST behaviors can decrease thermal conductivity upon heating process. To be utilized as a smart window, thermal conduction flux is investigated yet the thermal conduction energy occupies little to manage the thermal transfer process in a model house. It is found that radiation thermal transfer predominates the heat transfer process for PNIPAm‐based smart windows. These results are meaningful to provide basic data for energy transfer in using thermoresponsive hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, through coupling the one-dimensional flow reaction model and Peng–Robinson equation of state, the plug flow reactor (PFR) model for the high-pressure reaction of fuel was established. In this model, the solvable ODEs form was derived by the expansion of the basic variables with respect to pressure and internal energy, and the fast solution was achieved through the VODE solver. The reaction processes of three fuels under supercritical pressure were calculated to verify the model. The results demonstrated that the maximum calculating relative error was 3.0% on outlet temperature. And as an application case of the model, the sensitivity analysis of the reaction process on operation parameters was carried out. The ratio of sensitivity coefficients of conversion rate to inlet temperature, pressure, and the mass flow rate was about 37:5:1 at Tout of 948.4 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effects of the geometric parameters of a rectangular cooling channel on the amount of pyrolysis carbon deposition in the channel unit of real fuel‐cooled plates under the constraints of fixed overall plate shape and total flow rate are studied. A decoupling algorithm for simulating the carbon deposition on surfaces of three‐dimensional (3D) channels is firstly established, and a carbon deposition rate model is extended for 3D channels. Using the developed method, the processes of pyrolysis carbon deposition in five fuel‐cooled plates with various channel parameters are simulated. The effects of structural parameters on heat transfer, pyrolysis reaction, distribution of carbon deposition, and total carbon deposition amount are discussed. The results show that the channel geometric parameters indirectly affect pyrolysis carbon deposition in two ways: by changing the wall temperature where the carbon deposition reaction occurs through affecting the heat transfer and by changing the concentration of precursors through changing the residence time of fuel. A parameter θ related to the rectangular channel structure and the number of channels is defined. Under the geometric constraints of the channel unit, the smaller design parameter θ is beneficial to reduce carbon deposition in the channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]