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This prospective observational study sought to correlate segmental late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) seen in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. LGE was assessed in a 17-segmental model of heart. Of 57 patients, VAs were present in 26.3% of patients and 10.5% had sustained ventricular tachycardia. LGE was present in 43.9% of patients. Presence of LGE in 4 or more segments was associated with VAs with a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 76% with area under curve of 0.733 in C-statistics.

An 11-year-old girl presented with chronic cough and recurrent hemoptysis. On examination, she had features of right heart failure and cyanosis, with severe pulmonary hypertension on echocardiogram. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography showed aneurysmal dilatations of the pulmonary artery with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein and positive human leukocyte antigen B51. A diagnosis of Hughes–Stovin syndrome (vascular variant of Behcet's syndrome) was confirmed, and she was started on immunosuppression, on which there was improvement.

An aneurysm of major aortopulmonary collateral in an adult with congenital cyanotic heart disease was detected incidentally following a hemoptysis episode. The location and size of the aneurysm needed special concern during treatment to avoid aneurysm-related complications and thromboembolism secondary to intervention.

A 45-year-old lady with patent ductus arteriosus with Eisenmenger's syndrome had presented with hemoptysis. Computed tomography revealed aneurysmally dilated pulmonary arteries with a large calcified organized thrombus.

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are abnormal systemic to pulmonary collateral vessels originating from the persistent segmental arteries. The common conditions concomitant with MAPCA are congenital heart diseases with reduced pulmonary blood flow. Isolated MAPCAs represent occurrence of collaterals in the absence of underlying heart disease, which commonly present as heart failure, recurrent respiratory tract infection, and pulmonary artery hypertension. Here, we describe a case of West syndrome presenting with hemoptysis due to isolated MAPCAs and its causal relation and management.

Aneurysms of the coronary arteries and abdominal aorta are extremely rare in infancy. Due to the rarity of the anomaly, there are no existing guidelines on management of these aneurysms. We describe the challenges in diagnosis, evaluation and management of an infantile Marfan with this rare presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Arteriovenous fistulas involving the anterior abdominal wall can result from trauma. Such fistulas may remain asymptomatic and undetected for a prolonged duration of time. They tend to recruit multiple arterial feeders with remodelling in the feeding arteries, making them challenging to treat. Case presentation: We discuss a rare case of a 60-year-old male who presented with complaints of a progressive painless swelling in right lower abdomen. There was a history of blunt injury to abdomen at the same site during alleged road traffic accident 3 years ago. On CT angiography, an arteriovenous fistula was localised to the anterior abdominal wall arising predominantly from the right inferior epigastric artery with a giant venous sac and terminating as a tortuous single venous channel into the right external iliac vein. Few other small feeders were also seen arising from branches of right superior epigastric artery along Winslow's pathway. The main challenge in endovascular management of this patient was embolization of a high flow shunt with a large venous sac and multiple arterial feeders. The dominant arterial feeder was embolized using vascular plug. The superficial location of the lesion offered an additional percutaneous window besides endovascular approach. The venous sac was percutaneously accessed and embolized using n-butyl cyanoacrylate after balloon occlusion of outflow vein. On follow up ultrasonographic evaluation at 3 months, near complete thrombosis of the venous sac was achieved. Conclusions: Traumatic arteriovenous fistulas involving the inferior epigastric vessels are rare clinical entities. CT angiogram and digital subtraction angiography help in the optimal diagnosis and treatment planning. The use of mechanical embolization devices to cause flow arrest offers an opportunity to use liquid embolic agents which offer better percolation within the lesion. Interventional radiology offers an ideal management of these complex high flow fistulas with a good technical success and acceptable safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Holt-Oram syndrome comprises a rare spectrum of congenital cardiovascular and appendicular skeletal anomalies. However, only a few cases have reported lung involvement in Holt-Oram syndrome. We reported the rare case of a 1-year-old male child patient who presented with upper limb abnormalities and respiratory distress and was diagnosed with pulmonary agenesis and pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to an atrial septal defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of embolic protection devices (EPD) in peripheral vascular procedures with higher risk of distal embolic shower has gained wider acceptance with evidence mounting in favor of its use. We report our unique experience on the circumstances leading to and management of entrapment of an EPD within peripheral stent during management of a patient with critical limb ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synovial sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal soft tissue tumors. We presented the case of a 53-year-old woman patient presenting with acute deep vein thrombosis, later diagnosed as a deep synovial sarcoma of the femoral vein wall. The tumor was identified through cross-sectional magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography, followed by ultrasound-guided core biopsy. The case report emphasized the importance of considering the possibility of an intravascular neoplasm mimicking thrombus, particularly if calcifications, vein expansion with intravascular cystic spaces, fluid–fluid levels, and septations within a thrombosed vein are seen in imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatomical configurations where the viscero-atrial structures do not follow the usual arrangement or mirror-imaged arrangement is described conventionally as heterotaxy. Isomerism in the context of the congenitally malformed heart is a situation where some paired structures on opposite sides of the left-right axis of the body are, in morphologic terms, symmetrical mirror images of each other. It encompasses two separate entities, right and left isomerism, the former being usually associated with asplenia and the latter with polysplenia. We report herein a rare case of left isomerism that is associated with asplenia in a 4-year-old girl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aorto-left ventricular tunnel is an extracardiac communication that has a specific morphological feature. It is important to differentiate this entity from other diagnoses because the treatment options differ significantly and better outcomes are obtained with this entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uterine artery embolization is an established minimally invasive therapy for symptomatic fibroids. It has also been used for other diseases of the uterus, including adenomyosis, uterine arteriovenous malformation, ectopic pregnancy, abnormal invasive placenta, and postpartum hemorrhage. In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive review of uterine artery embolization based on the evidence published. We review the indications, the role of MRI, technical aspects, and complications of the procedure. The issues with a future pregnancy, risk of infertility, and fetal radiation are discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetralogy of Fallot with aortic stenosis is an extremely rare entity which bears some morphological similarities with the common arterial trunk. Through two illustrative cases of TOF with aortic stenosis we describe the shared anatomical peculiarities of the two anomalies with a review of the possible genetic and developmental factors responsible for the association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]