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The paper studied the impact of integrated plant nutrients management strategy (IPNM) on the agricultural return during current Syrian crisis through the application of camel manure and chemical fertilizers on the black cumin quantitatively and qualitatively. The fertilization treatments were denoted as T2 [N120-P30-K30], T3 [N120-P30-K60], T4 [5 t. ha-1camel manure], and T5 (1/2 [T3 + T4]), respectively. The no-fertilizer treatment (T1) was considered as control. Soil fertility, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and oil content were considered. Results have showed that organic manure(camel dung)decreased soil pH and OC/ON ratio and increased the availability of nutrients in the soil. What led the black cumin to respond by significantly increasing the following productive parameters: plant height, roots depth, number of primary and secondary branches,..etc. The treatment T5 recorded the highest IWUE values (5.2 and 6.2 kg.ha-1.mm-1) and the best oil content (33.3% and 34.2%) in the two seasons, respectively. Furthermore, the applied IPNM strategy had remarkably increased fertilization efficiency and economical feasibility (profit/total costs) in the order of T5>T4>T3>T2 compared to T1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted through the rain season 2009 -2010, in Mehasseh Research Center at (Al Qaryatein), The area is characterized by a hot and dry climate in summer and cold in winter with an annual average rainfall of 114 mm. Three slopes (8%, 6%, 4%) were used in semicircular bunds water -harvesting techniques with bunds parallel to the contours lines at flow distance of 18, 12 and 6 m. The bunds were planted with Atriplex Halimus seedlings. Graded metal rulers were planted inside the bunds to determine soil loss and sedimentation associated with the surface runoff, and metallic tanks were placed at the end of the flow paths to determine agricultural soil loss from water runoff. A rain intensity gauge was placed near the experiment site to determine the rainfall intensity that produced runoff. The treatments were done in three replications. The amount of soil erosion (in tons per hectare per year) increased with increasing of the slope, the highest recorded value was 38.66 at slope of 8% and the lowest 0.05 at 4% slope. The amount of soil erosion also increased with increasing of water run distance, which was 38.66 T.ha-1.yr-1 at 18 m and 0.05 T.ha-1.yr-1 at 6 m . Bunds with different diameter of water harvesting reduced soil erosion by about 65% at slope of 8%, 55% at 6%, and 46% at 4%. The input parameters of Universal soil-loss equation were found to be suitable for determining soil erosion in this arid and semi-arid region. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10499 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 1-11

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This research was conducted under the conditions of Syrian Baddia in Mehasseh center for scientific agricultural research at (Al Qaryatein), Three slops (8% , 6%, 4%) were applied in this study by using semi circular bunds with three Diameter ( 18, 12 ,6 ) m, in order to test the influence of the used water harvesting techniques in the ability of the soil in gathering rain water surface runoff efficiency compared with control which was executed by drawing the contour lines with same dimension of the bunds on the same three studied slops(8, 6, 4)%. The bunds and control were planted with Atriplex Halimus seedlings in the lower part of the archery. The following results were obtained: 1- watery storage in the soil increased by the increasing of the diameter of water harvesting bunds, and the highest value of the watery storage was (710.7) m3/ha behind the bunds with (18) m diameter, and the lowest value was (352.5) m3/ha behind the bunds with (6)m diameter. 2- The watery storage behind the all studied diameters of bunds (6, 12, and 18) m, increased by the increasing of the slope rate in the whole studied treatments compared with the control. 3-Using of water harvesting technique by bunds with different diameter (18m, 12m, 6m), raised the efficiency of the soil in gathering rain water after the runoff about ( 72.45 )% behind the bunds with diameter (18)m, (68.80%) behind the bunds with diameter (12)m, and (68.32%) behind the bunds with diameter (6)m, and always larger than efficiency of the soil at the control on the whole studied treatments. 4 - Using of water harvesting technique by bunds with different diameter (18m, 12m, 6m), increased the percentage success of the feeding plants about (70.56%) behind the bunds with diameter (18)m, (33.54%) behind the bunds with diameter (12)m, and (18.71%) behind the bunds with diameter (6)m compared with control, in addition to improve the vegetation cover by appearing some associated plants such as, Stepa Barbata, Poa bulbosa, Anabasis aphylla, and some annual plants 5- Using of water harvesting technique by bunds with different diameter (18m, 12m, 6m), increased the grazing capacity of the planted shrubs and associated plants about (93.3%) behind the bunds with diameter (18)m, (91.80%) behind the bunds with diameter (12)m, and (90.75%) behind the bunds with diameter (6) m compared with the control (without bunds). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]