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Background and Objectives: Primary care physician shortage represents a challenge for many countries and territories, including Puerto Rico (PR), where a significant proportion of the graduating medical students preferred the continental United States (C-US) to complete their training and even as the definitive setting for their practice. We surveyed medical students who graduated from medical schools in PR and have been accepted in a residency program to evaluate the influence of a set of demographics, academic, and personal factors in their decision to pursue a primary care residency program in the C-US. Methods: A 19-item questionnaire was distributed by institutional email to those medical students who graduated from one of the four Liaison Committee on Medical Education fully accredited medical schools in PR in 2019. We summarized our data by frequency and percentages. We performed data analysis with statistical significance considered for P values

Hurricane Maria is the most devastating natural phenomenon in the recent history of Puerto Rico. Due to its destructive path through the island, the Puerto Rico Trauma Center (PRTC) remained the only hospital managing orthopaedic trauma in the immediate post-disaster period. We investigated the impact of this hurricane on the orthopaedic trauma epidemiology in the PRTC.We evaluated the admissions by the orthopaedic surgery service in terms of demographics, mechanisms of injury, and orthopaedic diagnoses for two months after the impact of Hurricane Maria (HM) on September 20, 2017. We compared our study group with the same two month period for two years prior (2015 and 2016) and after (2018 and 2019) as control periods. A p value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.We included 384 admissions from September 20 to November 20, 2017. The majority were males (63%) and had an average age of 54 years. The most-reported mechanism of injury was fall from standing height (FFSH), showing a significant increment compared with the control periods. Contrarily, motor vehicle accidents (MVA) showed a significant reduction. Among the orthopaedic diagnoses, the hip + pelvis category showed a significant decline within the study group.This study highlighted the impact of HM on the orthopaedic trauma epidemiology at the PRTC. Our findings provide valuable evidence to healthcare institutions to better prepare to manage the potential changes in the orthopaedic trauma epidemiology after a major atmospheric event.

Las energias renovables ayudan a obtener energia de forma sostenible, pero su emplazamiento tambien implica riesgos e impactos de diversa indole sobre el medioambiente, tanto en el ambito maritimo como en el terrestre. Por ello, se deben tomar decisiones que tengan en cuenta estos tipos de impacto. Para facilitar este laborioso trabajo son utiles los Sistemas de Soporte a la toma de Decisiones (DSS). En este articulo se presenta el modulo para la valoracion del impacto visual incluido en un DSS para la Evaluacion de Impacto Ambiental de las Energias Renovables Marinas AMBEMAR-DSS. Este indice de impacto visual que se presenta en este articulo es aplicable a las caracteristicas geograficas de cualquier area de estudio, y puede ser empleado dentro de los requisitos establecidos por el DSS. La metodologia se sintetiza mediante un analisis multicriterio para obtener un unico indice que permita comparar entre varias alternativas. Esta es aplicada a dos hipotesis de parques eolicos situados a distintas distancias de la costa frente a la region de Cantabria (Espana); ademas, se analizan dos posibles ubicaciones de la subestacion de transformacion electrica desde el punto de vista del impacto visual. Con ello se obtiene que el parque eolico mas lejano obtiene un menor impacto visual, aunque la variacion de los indices es baja.

The reactions of the trihydride niobocene complex [NbCp’2H3] (Cp’ = η5-C5H4SiMe3) (1) with different α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids have been studied. The reactions with fumaric and maleic acids (A and B) gave a new dinuclear carboxylato-containing niobocene derivative [(NbCp’2)2(μ-κ2O,O-OOC-CH2-CH2-COO-κ2O,O)] (2), due to the occurrence of two processes, dihydrogen elimination and hydrogenation of the C C bond of the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid. Likewise, the use of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative such as mono-methyl fumarate (ester) (C) gave the mononuclear [NbCp’2(OOC-CH2-CH2-COOMe-κ2O,O)] (3). When other α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with less activated alkenes were used, such as trans-cinnamic acid (F), (E)-2-methyl-3-phenylacrylic acid (G), cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid (H), 3-methylbut-2-enoic acid (I), (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid (J) or (E)-pent-2-enoic acid (K), only the complexes [NbCp’2(OOCR-κ2O,O)], (R = trans-CH=CHPh (4), trans-CMe = CHPh (5), 1-cyclohexenyl (6), (CH=CMe2) (7), (cis-CMe = CHMe) (8), (trans-C(H) = CH-Et) (9)), were isolated, respectively, resulting from a process with dihydrogen elimination and the hydrogenation of the C C bond do not takes place. Treatment of 2–9 with CO (3 atm) promote that the coordination mode of the carboxylate ligand changes from (κ2O,O-OOC-R) to (κ1O-OOC-R) and yielding new carbonyl derivatives [(NbCp’2)2(μ-κ1O-OOC-CH2-CH2-COO-κ1O) (CO)2] (10); and [NbCp’2(OOCR-κ1O) (CO)] (R = CH2-CH2-COOMe (11), trans-CH=CHPh (12), trans-CMe = CHPh (13), 1-cyclohexenyl (14), CH=CMe2 (15), cis-CMe = CHMe (16) and R = trans-CH CH-Et) (17)). Reaction of 2 with O2 afford a new diperoxo compound [{NbCp’2(O2-κ2O,O)}2 (μ−κ1O-OOC-CH2-CH2-COO-κ1O)](19), through a monoperoxo derivative [NbCp’2(O2-κ2O,O) (μ-κ1O-OOC-CH2-CH2-COO-κ2O,O)NbCp’2] (18). All the new complexes were characterized by usual IR and NMR spectroscopic methods and the crystal structure of 16 and 18 were determined by X-ray diffraction studies.

Bare polycaprolactones with controlled molar mass and dispersity were employed to manufacture biodegradable devices, which were applied for doxorubicin delivery in glioblastoma. Micro- and nanoscale devices were prepared by emulsion formation or by a combination of precipitation and hydrolysis. The carriers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering techniques, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The encapsulation parameters and drug-release profiles are discussed in order to evaluate the influence of different fundamental parameters, such as molar mass and dispersity value, pH, morphology or crystallinity, on the efficiency of the doxorubicin delivery systems. The ability of doxorubicin-loaded micro- and nanoscale devices to induce cellular toxicity in glioblastoma cells was also explored. A cell viability assay against C6 cells of doxorubicin-loaded nanocarriers showed higher cytotoxicity than doxorubicin-loaded microcarriers. In addition, doxorubicin-loaded nanocarriers also showed good antitumor profile in human tumoral cells and improved the security profile in relation to free doxorubicin in non-tumoral cells. Consistent with the assessment study described in this manuscript, the results provide a proof of concept for the suitability of the approach, based on bare polycaprolactone, to local controlled-sustained release of doxorubicin for the treatment of glioblastoma.

Helical aluminium complexes [Al2X4(μ-nbptam)] (X = Me 1, Et 2), [Al2X4(μ-fbpam)] (R = Me 3, Et 4), [Al3X7(μ-nbptam)] (X = Me 5, Et 6) and [Al3X7(μ-fbpam)] (X = Me 7, Et 8) have been prepared by treatment of scorpionate ligand precursors with two or three equivalents of the corresponding trialkylaluminium derivative. The structures of these complexes have been determined by spectroscopic methods and the X-ray crystal structure of complex 1 has also been established. These complexes have been studied as catalysts for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates displaying good catalytic activity. When cyclohexene oxide was used as a substrate, polyether-polycarbonate was obtained in a ratio which is highly dependent on the cocatalyst and the catalyst to cocatalyst ratio used.

During the last few years, piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composites have been studied due to the numerous applications related to the coupling between these materials and the fields. In the present work, two theoretical models for calculating the magneto/electric coupling factor of the composite with 2-2 connectivity, are presented. Using the asymptotic homogenization method, the effective coefficients of a periodic magneto–electro–elastic layered composite can be obtained in matrix form. By using this matrix, a two-layered composite formed by BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4 are studied, and expressions for the effective coefficients are obtained. The effective magneto/electric coupling factor as a function of the piezoelectric volumetric fraction are found from these particular coefficients. In addition, a dynamic model of the multilayer piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composite is discussed. The dynamical model has been used to determinate the magnetoelectric coupling constants.

We present a case report of a patient with osteopetrosis and refractory bilateral knees osteoarthritis who underwent bilateral total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). After conservative management has failed, surgical treatment with arthroplasty is an excellent alternative with satisfactory outcomes. TKA in patients with osteopetrosis has only been described in 6 other case studies, none of which underwent bilateral TKA. To perform this procedure, additional attention should be directed toward the presurgical planning because of the amplified difficulty of the procedure and the altered bone biology that increases the risks of intraoperative fractures and markedly extends the time of surgery. This report describes a case of osteopetrosis with refractory osteoarthritis managed with bilateral TKA, the surgical technique and special considerations, complications, and future recommendations.

Nowadays in the BIM (Building Information Modelling) world there are several functions that are not fully developed. It is well known that, during the last years, BIM methodology, is being implemented more and more around the world and we are witnessing the benefits that can provide. Despite having plenty of benefits for engineering, there is a problem that it has not been solved yet: the correct extraction and/or recognition of the physical space represented by a point cloud, to create an accurate BIM model, which is better known as Scan to BIM. Scan to BIM, is a handwork methodology where the user tries to convert a point cloud, which can be obtained using different reality capture devices, into a 3D model by means of a BIM software. The problem is that the process is almost entirely manual, so taking into consideration the significant amount of time spent to represent complicated geometries, Scan to BIM can become a very hard work and time-consuming work. We will show in this paper some methods that are currently available to automate the process of Scan to BIM, which allows to partially reduce the manual work of the person responsible of this task. Additionally, this will make it possible to obtain a much more complete product than if it had been made without any automation, as well as to reduce consumed time to make the model.

BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a working methodology that centralizes all the information of a project in a single digital environment. The data are shared between all the agents of the project and contains not only the physical characteristics of the facility, but also the functional ones. BIM is also being pushed by European governments; it is already a requirement for public projects in several countries, such as the United Kingdom or Denmark among others. In Spain, BIM is required for architectural projects since 2018 and it will be compulsory for all infrastructure projects in 2019. When applying the BIM methodology to MEP (Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing) projects, it makes maintenance easier, as it is a digital model of the installation that considers the operation period. Other benefits include clash detection and easier connections. Due to all these factors, there is a demand for making BIM models for facility management in already built installations, either to comply with legal requirements or to cheapen the operational costs. Modelling the piping or finding and identifying the equipment of these installations can be a tedious process; therefore, this study aims to present a summary of the state of the art and a case study in modelling as-built MEP facilities in a BIM environment.

In this paper, we seek to document the state of art of the 3D semantic-rich modelling of underground utilities. To address this challenge, we develop a review of most common platforms used for 3D data modelling, mostly based on GIS or XML. We plan to detail what each platform is capable of: the information they can provide and their potential of displaying 3D models and information associated in portable devices for maintenance or any other field of work. Next, we carry out a case study where both capabilities and limitations of these kind of systems are described. In order to overcome limitations, we remark the relevance of automation and programming techniques as an auxiliary resource.

The optimization of an organoaluminum catalytic system for the copolymerization of epoxides and anhydrides is presented. For this purpose, the influence of different variables in the process, such as catalysts, cocatalyst, solvent, or substrates, has been analyzed. Kinetic studies, a proposal for the catalytic mechanism, and full characterization of the copolymers obtained are also discussed. Finally, a new copolymer, poly(limonene succinate), obtained by the optimized catalytic system is reported.

A new coordination mode for the hybrid scorpionate/cyclopentadienyl ligand bpzcp, [bpzcp = 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,1-diphenylethylcyclopentadienyl] is observed in iridium complexes. The reaction of the lithium precursor, [Li(bpzcp)(THF)], with a range of [IrCl(diene)]

En México se cultivan 61 mil hectáreas de lima ‘Persa’ (Citrus Latifoia Tan.), con un rendimiento promedio de 14 t ha-1 (SIAP, 2013), se produce de mayo a octubre y los precios son bajos en los mercados. Por tal motivo, el estudio consistió en realizar la evaluación de las prácticas culturales y aplicación de bioestimulantes para inducir la floración, producción y calidad de los frutos en invierno. Durante agosto de 2013 y abril de 2014 en un huerto de lima ‘Persa’ de Tlaltizapán, Morelos, México, se evaluaron en combinación la poda, el anillado y la aplicación de urea y Biofol®, realizados en agosto, septiembre y octubre y se determinaron los efectos en los árboles, contenido de macro y micronutrientes de hojas y determinación de la calidad física y bioquímica de los frutos. Con la poda + urea + anillado en septiembre se obtuvo la mayor floración y el rendimiento de 20.3 t ha-1, que superó entre 50 y 400% al resto de los tratamientos, mostró el mayor peso específico, contenido de proteína, N, P, Mg y Zn en las hojas; también, los frutos mostraron mayor calidad física y bioquímica. Por lo anterior este tratamiento favorece la brotación, la floración, el cuajado y el rendimiento y calidad de la lima ‛Persa’ en invierno.

The reaction of [TiCp2Cl2] with dipotassium chelidamate yields the carboxylate derivative [TiCp2{(OOC)2PyOH}] (2), which is sparsely soluble in water at neutral pH but soluble in basic medium. [TiCp*Cl3] reacts with chelidamic acid in the presence of NEt3 to yield the dimetallic derivative [TiCp*{(OOC)2PyOH}]2O (5). The reaction of [TiCp*Cl3] with potassium chelidamate renders the hydroxide compound [TiCp*(OH){(OOC)2PyOH}] (6). Compound 6 evolves in DMSO solution to give the trimetallic derivative [TiCp*(DMSO){(OOC)2PyO}]3 (7). Complex 6 reacts with NaOH to render the heterometallic complex [TiCp*{(OOC)2PyONa(OH2)3}]2(O) (8). The structures of complexes 7 and 8b were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The electrostatic potential surfaces, Mulliken population analysis, and frontier molecular orbitals were determined for complex 6, allowing us to infer its reactivity.

A series of inexpensive and sustainable amidinate aluminium complexes has been developed as catalysts for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates. The reactions using terminal epoxides as substrates were carried out at room temperature and one bar of carbon dioxide pressure in the presence of tetrabutylammonium iodide as cocatalyst in the absence of solvent. Under these reaction conditions, excellent conversions and selectivities were achieved for a broad range of terminal epoxides. Moreover, the optimal catalyst could be used for the synthesis of disubstituted cyclic carbonates from internal epoxides and carbon dioxide, highlighting the potential of these amidinate aluminium complexes as catalysts.

New tantalum derivatives with dearomatized pincer ligands have been prepared: [TaCp*Cl{κ3-N,O,O-(OCH2)(OCH)py}] (2) has been synthetized by deprotonation of [TaCp*Cl2{κ3-N,O,O-(OCH2)2py}] with LiNTMS2 and [Cp*Ta{κ3-N,O,O-(OCH2)2pyH}]2(μ-O) (3) has been obtained by reaction of [TaCp*(OTf)2{κ3-N,O,O-(OCH2)2py}] with Li[HBEt3]. The reaction of complex 2 or the analogous methyl derivative [TaCp*Cl{κ3-N,O,O-(OCH2)(OCH)py}] with methyl methacrylate (MMA) render the corresponding tantalum enolates [TaCp*X{κ4-O,N,O,C-(OCH2)(OCHMMA)py}] (X = Cl (5), Me (6)). The Ta–O bond of the enolate fragment reacts selectively with water or with trific acid to render the corresponding tantalum hydroxide (7) or triflate (8), respectively. The structure of 3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction.

Bifunctional aluminum complexes supported by novel zwitterionic NNO-donor scorpionate ligands were found to be efficient bifunctional catalysts for cyclic carbonate synthesis from terminal and internal epoxides in good yields and with broad substrate scope. Neutral scorpionate ligands (1–2) were designed and used as precursors to obtain two novel zwitterionic NNO-heteroscorpionate ligands (3–4). Reaction of 3 or 4 with [AlX3] (X = Me, Et) in a 1:1 or 1:2 molar ratio afforded the mononuclear and dinuclear cationic aluminum complexes [AlX2{κ2-mbpzbdmape}]I2 (X = Me (5), Et (6)), [AlX2{κ2-mbpzbdeape}]I2 (X = Me (7), Et (8)), [{AlX2(κ2-mbpzbdmape)}(μ-O){AlX3}]I2 (X = Me (9), Et (10)), and [{AlX2(κ2-mbpzbdeape)}(μ-O){AlX3}]I2 (X = Me (11), Et (12)) with elimination of the corresponding alkane. These complexes were investigated as catalysts for cyclic carbonate formation from epoxides and carbon dioxide in the absence of a co-catalyst. Complex 7 was found to be the most active catalyst for cyclic carbonate form...

The titanium complex [TiCp*(thiosal)(thiosalH)] (1) has been synthesised by reaction of [TiCp*Me3], Cp* = η5-C5Me5, with thiosalicylic acid (H2thiosal). Complex 1 reacts with [M(μ-OH)(COD)]2 (M = Rh, Ir) to yield the corresponding early–late heterobimetallic complexes [TiCp*(thiosal)2M(COD)] (M = Rh (2); Ir (3)). Carbon monoxide replaces the COD ligand in 2 and 3 leading to the respective dicarbonyl complexes [TiCp*(thiosal)2M(CO)2] (M = Rh (4); Ir (5)). Compound 4 reacts with PPh3 to yield the monocarbonyl derivative [TiCp*(thiosal)2Rh(CO)(PPh3)] (6). The reaction of compound 1 with LinBu yields the tetrametallic complex [{TiCp*(thiosal)2Li}2(THF)3(H2O)] (7). Compound 7 reacts with [RuCp*Cl(COD)] yielding the heterometallic complex [TiCp*(thiosal)2RuCp*] (8). The molecular structures of compounds 4, 5 and 7 have been studied by X-ray diffraction. From cyclic voltammetric (CV) and square wave voltammetric (SWV) experiments, we observed that attachment of the titanium moiety of precursor 1 to a late transition metal moiety through the sulfur atoms has a significant influence on the reduction behaviour of the Ti(IV) metal centre. Thus, monometallic 1 exhibits an irreversible reduction process at −1.15 V vs. SCE, whereas the CVs of heterobimetallic compounds 2–6 are characterized by the reversible or quasi-reversible one-electron reduction of the Ti(IV)/Ti(III) system, suggesting a significant stabilization of the Ti(III) reduced species. Likewise, substitution of the M(COD) diolefin fragment in 2 and 3 by the M(CO)2 carbonyl-containing moiety (in compounds 4 and 5) leads to a significant anodic shift in the titanium E1/2 reduction redox potentials.

A series of alkyl aluminium complexes based on heteroscorpionate ligands were designed as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic esters and ring-opening copolymerisation of epoxides and anhydrides. Treatment of AlX3 (X = Me, Et) with ligands bpzbeH [bpzbe = 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butoxide], bpzteH [bpzte = 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1-para-tolylethoxide], and (R,R)-bpzmmH [(R,R)-bpzmm = (1R)-1-{(1R)-6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]-2-hepten-2-yl}-2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)ethoxide] for 2 hours at 0 °C afforded the mononuclear dialkyl aluminium complexes [AlMe2{κ2-bpzbe}] (1), [AlEt2{κ2-bpzbe}] (2), [AlMe2{κ2-(R,R)-bpzmm}] (3) and [AlEt2{κ2-(R,R)-bpzmm}] (4), and the dinuclear dialkyl complexes [AlMe2{κ2-bpzte}]2 (5) and [AlEt2{κ2-bpzte}]2 (6). The molecular structures of the new complexes were determined by spectroscopic methods and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The alkyl-containing aluminium complexes can act as highly efficient single-component initiators for the ring-opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and l-lactide and for the ring-opening copolymerisation of cyclohexene oxide and phthalic anhydride to give a range of biodegradable polyesters.

Highly efficient neutral and ionic imidazole-based organocatalysts have been developed for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. The ionic derivatives performed as bifunctional catalysts and exhibited improved activity for the fixation of CO2 compared to the neutral compounds. Mechanistic studies revealed that the hydroxyl group promoted the activation of the epoxide facilitating the epoxide ring-opening by nucleophilic attack of the iodide.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a working method used in engineering and architectural projects based on developing a model of the construction that includes, not only the geometric characteristics of the project, but also other relevant parameters such as materials, properties, codes, construction phases, cost-related information among others. This methodology allows to cover the entire life-cycle of the project, from its design to maintenance and dismantling, allowing to get broad advantages as design consistency, clash detection, cost estimations, as-built documentation, etc. These benefits are applied not only to new constructions, but also to existing buildings, which models can be developed counting on the help of real data captured by different technologies, as photogrammetry or scanners. This paper presents a scan-to-BIM experience in a wastewater treatment plant, which involves interior and exterior areas digitization and modelling. The work is carried out through different passive and active devices that generate raw pointclouds that will be transferred into a BIM System.

La producción de lima mexicana Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle, es baja durante los meses de diciembre a abril y ocasionan mayor demanda y alta rentabilidad del cultivo. El estudio consistió en inducir la floración mediante la aplicación de fitohormonas y bioestimulantes para obtener producción y calidad de lima mexicana en invierno. Los efectos en la inducción a f loración ocurrieron a los 30 días después de la aplicación de urea realizada en agosto, mientras tanto presentaron floración a los 45 días con biofol, ácido glutámico, urea y testigo absoluto e inducidas octubre, noviembre y la primera quincena de diciembre en árboles, mientras que fue ligeramente moderada con ácido giberélico y baja en el testigo intacto (sin aplicación). Los rendimientos de la producción fueron de 9 763 kg ha-1 con biofol, decayeron a 80, 70 y 65% con ácido glutámico, testigo absoluto y urea, mismo que fueron moderadamente bajos con ácido giberélico, ácido naftalénacetico, paclobutrazol y thidiazuron y muy bajos con ácido 2-cloroetilfosfónico y el testigo intacto. Los frutos adquirieron una mayor calidad en peso, diámetro, índice de color, porcentaje de jugo, acidez titulable, firmeza e índice de madurez con el biofol, ácido glutámico y urea. El biofol, ácido glutámico y urea como bioestimulantes inducen oportunamente la floración y fructificación en lima mexicana de invierno y favorecen en la calidad de los frutos y sustentabilidad del cultivo.

There is an increase in the aging population that has led to a surge of reported cases of osteoarthritis and a greater demand for lower extremity arthroplasty. This article aims to review the current treatment options and expectations when considering lower extremity arthroplasty in the elderly patient with an emphasis on the following subjects: (1) updated clinical guidelines for the management of osteoarthritis in the lower extremity, (2) comorbidities and risk factors in the surgical patient, (3) preoperative evaluation and optimization of the surgical patient, (4) surgical approach and implant selection, and (5) rehabilitation and life after lower extremity arthroplasty.

Se determinaron las características bioquímicas, fitoquímicas y antioxidantes de las nuevas variedades de jamaica Hibiscus sabdariffa: Alma Blanca (VAB), Cotzaltzin (VC), Rosalíz (VR) y Tecoanapa (VT), comparadas con la variedad Sudán (VS), para impulsar el uso alimenticio y nutricional de los cálices de la flor. Se realizó el análisis proximal de los cálices de las flores de las variedades de jamaica, así como los contenidos de aminoácidos, compuestos fenólicos y ácidos fenólicos. Mostraron diferencias estadísticas entre las variedades y para los contenidos de proteína, carbohidratos, lípidos, cenizas y fibra, así como los aminoácidos, fenoles totales y ácidos fenólicos, para las cinco variedades. Los lípidos varían de 17.7 a 22.8% y son mayores en VT y VS; las proteínas son altas en VT (5.8%) y VS (6%); de fibra contienen más VAB (43.9%) y Rosalíz (40.1%) y cenizas en VAB (9%) y VC (8.3%); en carbohidratos es mayor para la VC (37.5%). Se encontraron seis aminoácidos esenciales, la isoleucina y treonina pasan los requerimientos mínimos necesarios para los niños de la infancia y de preescolar y los adultos en todas las variedades; la VT presentan más lisina y las VAB, VC, VR y VS contienen más metionina + cisteína. Las variedades VAB, VC, VR y VT mostraron aproximadamente 50% de fenoles totales en comparación con VS; la VAB presentó menor contenido de taninos (65.5 mgEC/100 g); la VS es más alta en antocianinas. El ácido vanillico es abundante en las VR y VT y el ácido 4-hidroxibenzoico en VC; los ácidos salicílico y clorogénico son altos en la VAB; mientras que, el ácido protocatecuico es alto en las VR y VT, considerado con propiedades anticancerígenas. Las nuevas variedades de jamaica representan una alternativa para el consumo humano, por las características bioquímicas y nutracéuticas.

A new lanthanum heteroscorpionate complex has shown exceptional catalytic activity for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. This catalyst system also promotes the reaction of bio-based epoxides to give an important class of bis(cyclic carbonates) that can be further used for the production of bio-derived non-isocyanate polyurethanes. The catalytic process requires low catalyst loading and mild reaction conditions for the synthesis of a wide range of cyclic carbonates.

A series of new alkyl mono- and bimetallic aluminum complexes supported by novel amidinate ligands has been prepared in very high yields. These complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. Alkyl aluminum complexes 1–6 were investigated as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization and copolymerization of e-caprolactone and L-lactide. Under the optimal reaction conditions, complex 5 acts as an efficient single-component initiator for the ring-opening polymerization and copolymerization of cyclic esters to yield biodegradable polyester materials with narrow polydispersities. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2397–2407