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Coleophora carchara Falkovitsh, 1972 (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) ��� the second record from Europe. Two male specimens of Coleophora carchara were collected in the buffer zone of the Wigry National Park in north-eastern Poland. In Europe, apart from Poland, the species is known only from Latvia. Its occurrence is probably the result of the accidental introduction to eastern Europe., {"references":["Emmet A.M., Langmaid J.R., Bland K.P., Corley M.F.V., Razowski J. 1996. Coleophoridae, In: The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland 3: 126–338.","Falkovitsh M.I. 1972. New species of casebearers (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae) from the Gobi Desert. Biological resources and natural conditions of the Mongolian People's Republic. Vol. I, Insects of Mongolia 1: 698–715. [in Russian]","Falkovitsh M.I. 1973. Contribution to the knowledge of casebearers (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae of the Kisilkum Desert. Trudy Vsesojuznogo Entologitscheskogo Obshtcestva 56: 199–233. [in Russian]","Li H., Zheng L. 1998. Studies on the Chinese Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera): Coleophora salicorniae group, with descriptions of twelve new species. Entomologica Sinica 5: 189–221.","Rynarzewski T. 2017. Coleophoridae, In: Buszko J., Nowacki J. (Eds.), A distributional Checklist of the Leidoptera of Poland. Polish Entomological Monographs 13: 42–46.","Savenkov N., Šulcs I. 2004. New and rare Lepidoptera for the Latvian fauna. Baptria 29: 52–58.","Toll S. 1952 [1953]. Rodzina Eupistidae Polski. Materiały do Fizjografii Kraju, Kraków, 32, 293 pp, 38 pl. [in Polish]"]}

Faunistic and ecological studies on saproxylic Collembola species were carried out in the Wigry National Park (NE Poland). Nine sites representing Tilio-Carpinetum, Serratulo-Pinetum and Peucedano-Pinetum habitats each including three different levels of disturbance were visited twice in 2015. Samples from fallen logs in different stages of decay, neighboring litter and soil as well as arboreal epiphytes were taken on each visit. The Collembola specimens were then extracted using Tullgren funnels resulting in a total of 73 838 specimens from 270 samples. Specimen identification revealed the occurrence of 63 species, including 5 saproxylobiontic, 7 saproxylophilous, 4 xerophilous species living in epiphytic mosses and lichens as well as 47 hemiedaphic or euedaphic species. This composition of saproxylic fauna seems to be typical for the region with the most diverse assemblages being found in Tilio-Carpinetum habitats, while Serratulo-Pinetum and Peucedano-Pinetum are clearly less diverse. Additionally, a slight decrease in the number of Collembola species with increasing forest disturbance was observed. Furthermore, an increase in the number of Collembola species with the degree of dead wood decomposition was also found. This indicates that saproxylic springtail assemblages are sensitive to anthropogenic changes.

Two new to the Polish fauna species of Lepidoptera from Wigry National Park. Faunistic inventory of Lepidoptera conducted in Wigry National Park resulted in discovery of Denisia luticiliella (Oecophoridae) and Lepteucosma huebneriana (Tortricidae). Both species are new to the Polish fauna. Their habitat preference and distribution are discussed., {"references":["Aarvik L.E. 2013. Fauna Europaea: Tortricidae, In: Karsholt O., Nieukerken E.J. van, Fauna Europaea: Lepidoptera, Moths. Fauna Europaea version 2.6. http://www.fauna-eu.org.","Ivinskis P. 2004. Lepidoptera of Lithuania, Annotated catalogue, Vilnius, 380 pp.","Lvovsky A. 1981. Oecophoridae, In: Keys for identification Insects of European part of USSR 4(2): 560–638.","Lvovsky A. 2001. New and little known species of flat and winged moths (Lepidoptera, Depressariidae, Oecophoridae) in the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries. Zoologicheskij zhurnal 80(12): 1459–1467.","Lvovsky A. 2013. Fauna Europaea: Oecophoridae, In: Karsholt O., Nieukerken E.J. van (2013) Fauna Europaea: Lepidoptera, Moths. Fauna Europaea version 2.6. http://www.fauna-eu.org.","Razowski J. 2003. Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 2, Olethreutinae, Bratislava, 301 pp.","Schütze K.T. 1931. Die Biologie der Kleinschmetterlinge unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Nährpflanzen und Erscheinungszeiten, Frankfurt am Main, 235 pp.","Tokár Z., Lvovsky A., Huemer P. 2005. Die Oecophoridae s.l. (Lepidoptera) Mitteleuropas. Bestimmung – Verbreitung – Habitat – Bionomie. Bratislava, 120 pp."]}

Significance of open mid-forest areas for species diversity preservation of butterflies, zygaenids (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea, Zygaenoidea) and wild bees (Apoidea) in Wigry National Park. Butterflies, zygaenids and wild bees were surveyed in open mid-forest areas in Wigry National Park. Ten areas of various size were selected as study sites, on which mentioned taxa were investigated during three summer seasons from 2013 to 2015. A relation between area size and species diversity was estimated. In all 60 species of butterflies, 4 species of zygaenids and 106 species of wild bees were recorded. For investigated groups the highest number of species was found in dry places of size at least 1 hectare, while the damp areas and small size areas were visited by lower number of species. The number of species was also depended on resources of available flowering plants., {"references":["Banaszak J. 1993. Ekologia pszczół. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Warszawa-Poznań, 263 pp.","Banaszak J., Romasenko L. 1998. Megachilid Bees of Europe (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae), Wydawnictwa WSP, Bydgoszcz, 239 pp.","Banaszak J., Romasenko L., Cierzniak T. 2001. Megachilidae. Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski 24(68f): 1–156.","Buszko J., Masłowski J. 2015. Motyle dzienne Polski, Koliber, Nowy Sącz, 276 pp.","Buszko J., Nowacki J. 2002. Lepidoptera Motyle, pp. 80-87, In: Głowaciński Z. (Ed.), Czerwona lista zwierząt ginących i zagrożonych w Polsce. Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Kraków.","Celary W. 2005. Melittidae of Poland (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) their Biodiversity and Biology. Polish Academy of Science. Kraków, 217 pp.","Dąbrowski J.S. 1998. Ślimakówki – Limacodidae, kraśniki – Zygaenidae. Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski 27(14-15): 1–48.","Dąbrowski J.S., Krzywicki M. 1982, Ginące i zagrożone gatunki motyli (Lepidoptera) w faunie Polski. Studia Naturae B(31): 171 pp.","Dylewska M. 2000. Andrenidae. Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski 24(68d): 1–152.","Fahrig L. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 34: 487–515.","Krzysztofiak A., Krzysztofiak L., Pawlikowski T. 2004. Trzmiele Polski – przewodnik terenowy, Suwałki, 46 pp.","Krzywicki M. 1967. Fauna Papilionoidea i Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera) Puszczy Białowieskiej. Annales Zoologici 25: 1-213.","Pesenko Yu.A., Banaszak J., Radczenko V.G., Cierzniak T. 2000. Bees of the family Halictidae (excluding Sphecodes) of Poland: taxonomy, ecology, bionomics. Wydawnictwo WSP, Bydgoszcz, 348 pp.","Sielezniew M. 2012. Uwagi ogólne do monitoringu motyli, In: Makomaska-Juchiewicz M., Baran P. (Eds.), Monitoring gatunków zwierząt. Przewodnik metodyczny, Cz. II, GIOŚ, Warszawa: 95–105.","Sielezniew M. 2015. Motyle. Czerwończyk nieparek Lycaena dispar Haworth, 1802, In: Makomaska-Juchiewicz M., Bonk M. (Eds.), Monitoring gatunków zwierząt. Przewodnik metodyczny, Cz. IV, GIOŚ, Warszawa: 44–57.","Sielezniew M., Dziekańska I. 2010. Motyle dzienne, Fauna Polski, Mulico, Warszawa, 335 pp.","Van Swaay C., Warren M. 1999. Red data book of European butterflies, Nature and Environment, Strasbourg Cedex, 99, 260 pp.","Van Swaay C.A.M., Nowicki P., Settele J., Van Strien A.J. 2008. Butterfly Monitoring in Europe – methods, applications and perspectives. Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 3455–3469."]}

Homing rates and initial orientations after release from different directions were investigated in the solitary bee Dasypoda altercator. Homing rates and the proportion of individuals returning on the day of release declined with distance, implying that homing from greater distances is not based solely on the use of landmarks. A long duration of return (often not on the same day) and high efficiency of homing (four bees out of 10 returned from a 4 km distance over the lake), as well as an increase in average return speed ≅ 10 m/min) with distance of bees homing on the same day suggest that homing is also not based upon radial scatter as the sole tactic. This is supported by the observation that the initial orientations of the bees were not equally probable. Departures towards the sun greatly exceeded those away from the sun and the bees also tended to depart in cardinal geographical (or geomagnetic) directions, preferring meridional directions (especially southward) to parallel ones (of which east was preferred). Departure directions did not depend on wind direction but did depend, to some extent, on the landscape features of release sites. However, bees neither tended to depart in the direction of the nest, nor did homing success correlate with the direction of departure in relation to that of the nest.