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The status of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is decisive in staging, prognosis, and therapeutic approach. Using an ultrasonographic examination algorithm composed of B-mode, Doppler technique, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and elastography, this study aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of the four techniques compared to histopathological examination. 96 SLNs belonging to 71 female dogs with mammary gland carcinomas were examined. After examinations, mastectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of metastases in 54 SLNs. The elasticity score had the highest accuracy&mdash, 89.71%, identifying metastases in SLNs with 88.9.9% sensitivity (SE) and 90.5% specificity (SP), ROC analysis providing excellent results. The S/L (short axis/long axis) ratio showed 83.3% SE and 78.6% SP as a predictor of the presence of metastases in SLN having a good accuracy of 81.2%. On Doppler examination, the resistivity index(RI) showed good accuracy of 80% in characterizing lymph nodes with metastases versus unaffected ones, the same results being obtained by CEUS examination. By assigning to each ultrasonographic parameter a score (0 or 1) and summing up the scores of the four techniques, we obtained the best diagnostic performance in identifying lymph node metastases with 92.2% accuracy. In conclusion, the use of the presented algorithm provides the best identification of metastases in SLNs, helping in mammary carcinoma staging and appropriate therapeutic management.

Data regarding bitch mastitis is fairly scarce compared to the literature regarding ruminant mastitis. Neglecting clinical and subclinical cases of mastitis can be life threatening for both dam and puppies. The aim of this report is to present a case of Mastitis acuta complicated with a case of neonatal septicaemia in a Cane Corso (Canis lupus familiaris L.) pure breed female. Laboratory assays showed a milk pH value of 7.5, milk cytology revealed the presence of segmented neutrophils, while foamy cells, phagocytosis and highly pathogenic bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were isolated from milk and puppy. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case of bitch mastitis linked to neonatal septicaemia with mixed E. coli and P. aeruginosa infection.

The frequency of mammary tumors in canines is three times higher than in women. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is a noninvasive clinical method, that uses special contrast agents (CAs), their role being to layout the microvasculature of different lesions. The aim of this particular method, in this case, was to establish if we can evaluate the malignancy of a mass, given the fact that neovascularization is a malignancy marker. The case is represented by a Silky Terrier breed female dog, 5 years old, that was presented initially with an enlarged polycystic mammary gland and a nervous lactation. The female was initially diagnosed with polycystic mastosis. After 2 more months the mass became denser and enlarged. Before the ovariohisterectomy and unilateral mastectomy surgeries have taken place, a B-Mode standard ultrasound, CEUS and a pulmonary X-ray were performed. Our results integrate this case in “fast in” and “slow in” (type 2 curve). The histological diagnosis was established as a simple cystic papillary carcinoma with a malignancy grade 2. The mean value of the MVD was 13.75 which is a low MVD. We cannot determine a correlation between CEUS and a tumor’s malignancy, and so further studies are needed.

Introduction : The preparations based on hydroxyquinoline, in various combinations, are used in medicine, being shown to have an inhibitory effect against bacteria, molds, fungi, parasites, and viruses, but also having other beneficial effects mentioned in other medical conditions (anti-cancer, anti-degenerative, anti-inflammatory). Aims : In vitro susceptibility testing of microorganisms: bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative), yeast ( Candida spp.,) and unicellular algae ( Prototheca spp.) at the preparations based on hydroxyquinoline (HQ) and its cupric derivatives deposited on hydroxyapatite (HAP). Materials and methods : There were tested microbial strains of the following genera: Escherichia , Staphylococcus , Micrococcus , Bacillus , Candida , and Prototheca . The tested products (developed in the Laboratory for Nanobiomaterials Synthesis, Center of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, UBB Cluj-Napoca) were developed in three versions: 1) HQ–Cu 2+ –HAP 1 ; 2) HQ–Cu 2+ –HAP 2 ; and 3) NHQ–Cu 2+ –HAP 2 , where NHQ stands for nitro hydroxyquinoline. Determination of the inhibitory effect was conducted by diffusion technique in nutrient agar, according to CLSI 2013 standards, with necessary adaptations for testing of products made in the form of suspensions. Results : Following interpretation, it was found that the inhibition zones, arising from the antimicrobial effect of the tested products showed variability in size, depending on the test product and the microbial strain: Escherichia coli (8-10 mm), Staphylococcus sp. (17.6 - 23.2 mm), Micrococcus spp. (24.4 - 27.6 mm), Bacillus spp. (14.0 - 16.0 mm), Candida spp. (20.4 - 25.2 mm), Prototheca spp. (20.8 - 30.0 mm). From the three tested products, the best efficacy was found at the product no. 3 (NHQ – Cu 2+ – HAP 2 ), followed by no. 1 (HQ– Cu 2+ –HAP 1 ) and no. 2 (HQ–Cu 2+ –HAP 2 ). Conclusions : The inhibitory effect was bactericidal, manifested more intensively against Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and prototheca. Such products, prepared in the form of suspensions, may have practical application in the prevention and treatment of skin or hooves disorders. No resistance phenomena are recorded. Keywords : copper, hydroxyapatite, hydroxyquinoline, microorganisms, sensitivity.

The European mouflon is a wild species of sheep native in the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. The researches conducted to preserve these species play an important role in long term conservation for these animal. Experimental study was conducted with the aim to evaluate in vivo the reproductive quality of the mouflon semen, obtained by electroejaculation, using artificial insemination in sheep and evaluating the fertility rate. The sheep included in the study (36) were hormonal synchronized with progesteron and eCG (Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin). Following synchronization, vaginal artificial insemination was performed with mouflon semen. The pregnancy diagnosys was performed by ultrasound examination at 55 and145 days after artificial insemination. The concieving rate was 36,11%, the prolificacy rate was 61,53% and fecundity rate was 22,22%. The data obtained after assessing the mouflon semen, collected by electrostimulation, confirmed the pretability of the semen for artificial insemination.

The mammary gland is very important for the health of the offspring and the mother. It is subjected to multiple pathologies, the most important being mammary tumours and mastitis. The evaluation of mammary gland in bitches is done primarily by clinical exam, but imagistic means of diagnostic became more frequently used, especially when neoplasms are involved. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the imaging characteristic of inflamed mammary parenchyma and to test the reliability of ultrasound in evaluating canine mastitis.This study involved 12 lactating bitches of different breed and ages included in two research groups: the first group counted in 7 animals that showed clinical signs of mastitis, while the second group had 5 clinically healthy animals, being the control group. All animals were subjected to a clinical exam, followed by an ultrasound examination and milk samples collection. The ultrasound examination was done in B mode and color Doppler using both linear and microconvex transducers at a frequency of 8Mz. Milk samples were checked for color, consistency and pH and were later submitted for bacteriological and bacterioscopic examinations. All data that followed from the examinations was collected and statistically analyzed.The ultrasound examination highlighted the existence of a characteristic architecture of the layers of healthy mammary glands in the bitch. This architecture could not be seen in any of the inflamed glands. In some cases, the normal aspect of the parenchyma could still be seen at the periphery of the affected mammary gland. The inflamed parenchyma appeared either hypoechogenic (71.43% of cases) or hyperechogenic (28.57%) compared to healthy tissue. In 57.14% of cases there could be seen multiple hyperechogenic septa, alternating with hypo-echogenic areas while 42.86% of cases presented acoustic artefacts. The vascularisation was increased in the affected areas with blood flow being either linear (71.43%) or turbulent (21.57%). All cases diagnosed with mastitis were confirmed by bacteriologic and bacterioscopic studies. This study concluded that mammary glands in bitches can be investigated using ultrasound in grey scale B mode and color Doppler when mastitis is suspected. It offers irrefutable evidence of the inflammation of the glandular parenchyma and the spreading of the disease.

We conducted a study based on a survey which was original developed in a focus group with veterinarians to assess the necessity felt and expressed to optimize the chemotherapy prescription in oncological veterinary medicine, the development and implementation of a multimedia platform.The aim of this research is to test the acceptability regarding the realization and implementation of a multimedia platform to prescribe cytostatic medical treatment in the veterinary medicine.Participants in the study belonged to both genders in almost equal percentages (F: 50.94% and M: 49.06%), the majority were aged between 25-59 years, with activities in the field of veterinary medicine, with experience between 1 and 29 years.Research has revealed a high degree of utility of the platform, efficiency of information, its positive influence on the quality of care and increased availability of electronic access and purchasing power for the two types of applications - computer (on line) and mobile phone applications.

Some imaging aspects of mammary tumours in bitch were investigated in order to individualize them fromother pathologies and among themselves. 10 bitches of different breeds and ages that were presented to the Clinicof Animal Reproduction for suspicion of mammary tumours were subjected to a complete clinical examination andan imaging investigation using ultrasound and colour Doppler. Subsequently, tissue samples were collected andsent for histological diagnosis.In total there were investigated 18 tumours with an average of 1.8 tumours/animal; 94.4 % of tumourswere malignant, and 5.6% were benign. Of the malignant tumours, 82.36% had irregular margins, 88.24% wereheterogeneous and 17.65% showed areas of necrosis. In 11.76% of cases there were imaging artefacts. Increasedblood o€low was observed around the margins of the tumour in 82.36% of examined tumours using colour Doppler.The benign tumour had oval margins, mild granulation and one central blood vessel. Using ultrasound and colourDoppler examination, mammary tumours can be differentiated from other mammary pathologies and one caneven determine, with a high level of accuracy, if the tumour is malignant or benign.

The Persistent MA¼llerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS), a rare form of dog male pseudo-hermaphroditism, it has been previously studied from a molecular aspect in miniature schnauzers by Matsuu et al. (2009), which detected an affected case, positive to Sry gene detection by PCR. The molecular testing for PMDS syndrome has not yet been performed at Basset Hound dogs, although affected cases exist. The aim of our research was to test the previously published protocol for Sry gene detection in an affected PMDS Basset Hound family so as to develop a possible molecular method for genotyping. The study was performed on 11 Basset Hound individuals, among which 1 affected male and 2 non-affected carrier. The protocol was applied accordingly to the one previously published by Matsuu et al. (2009). The DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using a specific DNA extraction kit (Isolate II, Bioline, England). Briefly, the PCR technique was performed on 25 µl of mixture containing: 12.5 µl MasterMix (Bioline), 1 µl Primer Forward and 1 µl of Primer Reverse, 6.5 µl DNA-free nuclease PCR water (Sigma Aldrich, Germany). The PCR products were visualized in 2% agarose gel stained with EvaGreen (Sigma, England). The tested protocol has shown specificity in the case of the positive affected male, showing a ligh-band at 104 base pairs in the agarose gel. All the other samples were tested negative for Sry gene. Given the fact that this protocol does not use a restriction enzyme for possible detection of genotypes and carriers, we could not differentiate the carriers from the non-affected individuals. This protocol can be used only in the case of affected males but does not distinguish the carriers from the non-carriers. We should furtherly investigate other candidate genes for PMDS, such as MISRII, for the possible detection of female and male carriers.