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Objective: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of partial edentulism according to Kennedy’s classification and its association to arch, age and gender. Methods: Data were collected from 358 patients aged 18 to 80 years. Selected patients were grouped according to gender and age (45). Intra oral examination for each patient was done. The pattern of partial edentulism according to Kennedy’s classification was determined. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS V26 statistical program. Chi-square test was used to test for differences in frequency at p-value

خلفية : تعد متلازمة المبيض متعدد الكيسات اضطراباً هرمونياً شائعاً يصيب النساء في سن الإنجاب . يتميز بعدم انتظام الطموث وفرط الأندروجين ومقاومة الأنسولين والبدانة ونقص الخصوبة بالإضافة إلى النتائج طويلة المدى كأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية مثل تصلب الشرايين وفرط شحوم الدم مما يبرر أهمية تشخيص وعلاج هذه المتلازمة لتحسين نوعية الحياة وتخفيف أعراض فرط الأندروجين. هدف : هذه المقالة هو تحديد العلاج الأمثل لتحسين مقاومة الأنسولين وأعراض فرط الأندروجين لدى مريضات المبيض متعدد الكيسات الطرق : شملت الدراسة مريضات المبيض متعدد الكيسات بطريقة عشوائية غير معماة RCT في قسم التوليد وأمراض النساء في مشفى تشرين الجامعي في اللاذقية يحققن معايير الاشتمال. وقسمت المريضات إلى مجموعتين الأولى تتناول البيوغليتازون وتتناول الثانية الميتفورمين .تم إجراء فحص سريري ومخبري وايكو بطني لجميع السيدات المشاركات في الزيارة الأولى وبعد 6 أشهر أيضاً النتائج: انخفض الوزن ومعدل كتلة الجسم في المجموعتين ففي المجموعة B انخفض الوزن بنسبة وصلت حتى 10 ٪ مقابل 5 ٪ للبيوغليتازون مع فروق احصائية مهمة P = 0.00 و انخفض معدل كتلة الجسم في المجموعة B بنسبة 8٪ مقابل 6 ٪ مع فروق احصائية مهمة P = 0.02 انخفض تركيز سكر الدم الصيامي في المجموعتين دون وجود فروق احصائية مهمة انخفض تركيز الأنسولين الصيامي في كلا المجموعتين ولكن مع أفضلية واضحة للمجموعة A مع فروق احصائية مهمة P= 0.00 انخفض تركيز المقاومة على الأنسولين في كلا المجموعتين مع أفضلية للمجموعة A مع فروق احصائية مهمة P= 0.19 الاستنتاج : للعلاج بالبيوغليتازون أفضلية على الميتفورمين في تحسين المقاومة على الأنسولين لدى مريضات المبيض متعدد الكيسات وبالمقابل يتفوق الميتفورمين في خفض الوزن ومعدل الكتلة BMl .

تعد متلازمة المبيض المتعدد الكيسات (PCOS) أحد أمراض الغدد الصماء المعترف بها بسهولة لدى النساء، حيث تتراوح نسبة الإصابة بها من 2.2٪ إلى 26٪ . يعاني المرضى الذين يعانون من متلازمة تكيس المبايض من مشاكل تشمل فترات الحيض غير المنتظمة والشعرانية وحب الشباب وزيادة الوزن . لقد ظهر الالتهاب طويل الأمد ومنخفض الدرجة كعامل حاسم يؤدي إلى متلازمة تكيس المبايض. قد يؤدي ارتفاع مستويات الجلوكوز إلى تحفيز الإجهاد التأكسدي ورد فعل مثير للقلق من الخلايا وحيدة النواة (MNC) لدى الإناث المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض، والتي عادة لا تعتمد على الدهون. باختصار، تكشف البيانات عن المخاطر الكبيرة لمقاومة الأنسولين لدى الأشخاص الذين يعانون من السمنة المفرطة والذين يعانون من متلازمة تكيس المبايض. أشارت نتائج هذا الدرس المحدد إلى أن الأفراد الذين يعانون من النمط الظاهري لمتلازمة تكيس المبايض التقليدي يعانون من السمنة وارتفاع مستويات الأنسولين ومقاومة الأنسولين، مع إهمال عدم وجود اختلافات في مؤشر كتلة الجسم عن الأنماط الظاهرية الأخرى. تظهر هذه البيانات أن مقاومة الأنسولين هي أهم سمة فيزيولوجية مرضية لدى الأشخاص المصابين بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض.

Introduction: Many adjuvant methods have been researched to enhance the immediate implant success in the recent times. The study's goal was to compare the aesthetic and biological results of immediate dental implants in the aesthetic zone to standard tapered root form implants that had not undergone pre-treatment with platelet-rich plasma or photofunctionalization. Materials and Methods: The study used a randomized controlled trial as its design. Ninety subjects were chosen at random and placed into three groups: a control group, a case group, and a group that needed replacement of their maxillary anterior teeth right away following extraction. The interventional groups received the “Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)” or “Photofunctionalization (PF)” group before the implant placement. After the delayed loading approach, the prosthesis was given after 6 months. At the second and fourth weeks, as well as 2, 4, 6, and 12 months (P 0.05), follow-up was conducted. The success and survival rate, aesthetic, and biological outcomes were assessed. One-way ANOVA was used to compare outcomes, and repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess intragroup variations over baseline and follow-up. Results: The distal, mesial, and mean marginal bone loss as well as the aesthetic scores for pink and white did not differ significantly between groups. The implant stability however was significantly higher in the PF and PRP groups as compared to the controls. A single implant failed in all the three groups. The success percentage was similar for all the groups. Conclusion: The stability of immediate dental implants pre-treated with PRP or PF differed statistically significantly than the subjects in the control group, while other parameters remained the similar between the groups.

Background: Kinesiologists, Physical Anthropologists, and Anatomists have all long been captivated by the structure and development of the superficial forearm flexor, the Palmaris longus. Objective: To study the effect of Palmaris Longus on certain handwriting skills. Subjects and Methods: Three Palmaris Longus occurrence tests were conducted on 200 students (100 males and 100 females) affiliated to Colleges of Medicine of Baghdad University then the participants were tested for certain handwriting skills to correlate the presence of Palmaris Longus in the dominant side with handwriting. Results: 89% of all subjects (178 subjects) and 91% of males were right-handed. Dominant Palmaris Longus among males (61%) was significantly higher than that of females (30%). Regarding the Motor assessment scale; female participants achieved good and it was significantly higher than that of males (23%). There was a significant association between left Palmaris Longus only and acceptable horizontal line assessment. Good sentence composition was noticed significantly in dominant Palmaris Longus. Conclusions: Variation of presence of Palmaris Longus in both sexes in the studied group meets with normal recorded variation. Presence of Palmaris Longus in the dominant forearm has correlation with good certain skills of handwriting skills.

Recently, geopolymers have received widespread attention due to their ability to completely replace ordinary cement with better efficiency, lower cost, and less damage to the climatic environment. This paper aimed to prepare MK-based geopolymer cement at ambient temperature with different alkaline activators and processing parameters. XRD, PSA, DTA-TGA, SEM, and other techniques have characterized the prepared samples. ANOVA test was employed to identify the main effect of the processing parameters. Results showed that the incorporation of potassium ions has a negative effect on the physical properties of GP, in which the presence of such ions tends to decrease the density of GP. Furthermore, the apparent porosity and water absorption were increased. For Na and K, Na-activated GP, it was also concluded that the density of GP increases by increasing Si/Al ratios. Despite the Na-based GP processes having a larger density in compared to the K, Na-based ones. The results also suggested a strong effect of the W\MK ratio on physical properties, in which decreasing this ratio is necessary to achieve GP with better properties. The findings also revealed that a one-minute mixing period was sufficient for producing a homogeneous and dense GP paste.

Despite the variability of Moroccan natural resources, few Moroccan natural fibers are exploited as natural textile composites. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of 3D warp interlock fabrics based on Moroccan sisal yarns. Before weaving, the characteristics of sisal yarns have been analyzed following standards. Based on these natural yarns, six different 3D fabric architectures were manufacturing on the same manual dobby loom. During the weaving process, process parameters have been kept constant for all the 3D woven architectures to ensure a similar value for both the warp and weft yarn densities. Different values of the fabric areal density and thickness of 3D fabrics have been measured under the same test and related conditions. Different parameters play an important role on these different product parameter values as; the non-regularity of the yarn and the significant differences of warp and weft shrinkages depending on the 3D woven architecture. At the same time, yarn damage has been checked before and after the weaving of the produced 3D woven preforms. At the end of this study, new knowledge on the mechanical performance of 3D warp interlock sisal fabric have been revealed for facilitating the suited choice of architecture for a composite material solution.

Background and Purpose: Fungus Ball (FB) is a non-invasive fungal infection caused mainly by Aspergillus species. It can occur after root canal treatments are applied to the teeth adjacent to the maxillary sinus. These balls are commonly seen in the paranasal sinuses and rarely observed in the nasal cavity. This report attempted in to highlight such a rare case of fungal infection which requires accurate observation. Moreover, it highlights the importance of careful microbiological and histopathological examinations that were combined with imaging and can lead to a definitive diagnosis.Case report: Herein, we report a rare case of a FB found in the vicinity of the nasal cavity of a 73 year-old male patient. Microbiological examination supported by radiographic and histopathological results indicated that the FB is due to Aspergillus niger. Excised surgery was done to the FB area, and the patient was referred to the post operation room with the proper recommendations. After the wound healed, the total denture was performed as requested by the patient, and his overall oral health was improved.Conclusion: In this article, we report the first case of a rare FB in the vicinity of the nasal cavity of a 73-year-old male patient. The appropriate investigation is an essential step in the diagnostic process for these infections and requires effective communication and collaboration.

The present work includes design, construction and operates of a prototype solar absorption refrigeration system, using methanol as a refrigerant to avoid any refrigerant that cause global warming and greenhouse effect. Flat plate collector was used because it’s easy, ninexpensive and efficient. Many test runs (more than 50) were carried out on the system from May to October, 2013; the main results were taken between the period of July 15, 2013 to August 15, 2013 to find the maximum C.O.P, cooling, temperature and pressure of the system. The system demonstrates a maximum generator temperature of 93.5 oC, on July 18, 2013 at 2:30 pm, and the average mean generator temperature Tgavr was 74.7 °C, for this period. The maximum pressure Pg obtained was 2.25 bar on July 19, 2013 at 2:00 pm. The current system shows cooling capacity of 0.15 ton with coefficient of performance of 0.48, and minimum evaporator temperature obtained was 14.2oC. A comparison of the present with previous works, showed that most of the previous work used ammonia as the main refrigerant, and even that used methanol it was as aqua methanol, or to be part of pair refrigerant, while the present work use the methanol as the main and the only refrigerant in the system. The results and the factors that provided by the current work, give a good understanding for using the methanol as a refrigerant with the solar absorption system. And the system can work in continuous operation cycle. This work gave fundamental understanding for designing solar refrigeration system, by using the results of present study to design air-conditioning unit, with one ton capacity, using the solar energy, and the methanol as a refrigerant.

Current therapies for Fabry disease are based on reversing intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) or chaperone-mediated stabilization of the defective enzyme, thereby alleviating lysosomal dysfunction. However, their effect in the reversal of end-organ damage, like kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, remains unclear. In this study, ultrastructural analysis of serial human kidney biopsies showed that long-term use of ERT reduced Gb3 accumulation in podocytes but did not reverse podocyte injury. Then, a CRISPR/Cas9–mediated α-galactosidase knockout podocyte cell line confirmed ERT-mediated reversal of Gb3 accumulation without resolution of lysosomal dysfunction. Transcriptome-based connectivity mapping and SILAC-based quantitative proteomics identified α-synuclein (SNCA) accumulation as a key event mediating podocyte injury. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of SNCA improved lysosomal structure and function in Fabry podocytes, exceeding the benefits of ERT. Together, this work reconceptualizes Fabry-associated cell injury beyond Gb3 accumulation, and introduces SNCA modulation as a potential intervention, especially for patients with Fabry nephropathy.

The removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by ion exchange resins ( zeolite and purolite C105), was investigated. The adsorption process, which is pH dependent, shows maximum removal of metal ions at pH 6 and 7 for zeolite and purolite C105 for initial metal ion concentrations of 50-250 mg/l, with resin dose of 0.25-3 g. The maximum ion exchange capacity was found to be 9.74, 9.23 and 9.71 mg/g for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+ on zeolite respectively, while on purolite C105 the maximum ion exchange capacity was found to be 9.64 ,8.73 and 9.39 for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+ respectively. The maximum removal was 97-98% for Cu2+ and Ni2+ and 92- 93% for Pb2+ on zeolite, while it was 93-94% for Cu2+, 96-97% for Ni2+, and 87-88% for Pb2+ on purolite C105. The obtained sorption affinity sequence was Cu 2+> Ni2+> Pb2+ in both resins. Langmuir isotherm expressions were found to give better fit to the experimental data compared to Freundlich and BET models. Kinetic data correlated well with Lagergren first order kinetic model, indicating the reversible reaction with an equilibrium being established between liquid and solid phase.

Since building materials have been increasingly chosen based on their ecological attributes, contemporary development is strongly tied to preserving natural resources through avoiding environmental deterioration. Nevertheless, it was argued that concrete cannot be considered environmentally friendly because of its destructive, resource-consuming nature and the potential for severe environmental impact after its use. Concrete is among the most adaptable materials in construction and contributes significantly to expanding the infrastructural and industrial segments. Nevertheless, it will continue to be the dominant building material utilized everywhere. Even though recycled aggregates (RAs) were still less often employed in the construction sector, much effort was conducted to recycle hardened concrete, and further improvements are needed to maximize this. Some investigations on recycled aggregate's characteristics, applications, drawbacks, and behavior were also discussed. The current research aims to present a statistical analysis of coarse aggregate replacement with different water/cement ratios utilizing Single and two-way ANOVA for different mechanical features (tensile and compressive strengths) and durability features (Chloride ion penetrability) at 28 and 90 curing days. The results show no significant differences in one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA for compressive strength and chloride ion penetrability at 28 and 90 curing days.

Back Ground: The plant tissue culture technique is one of the biotechnologies that means isolating a plant cell, tissue or organ, sterilizing it and cultivating it on sterile artificial food media under conditions completely free of pathogens, and then the transplanted part develops into a complete plant similar to the original from which it was taken. Under controlled environmental conditions of temperature, humidity and lighting, as defined by others as sterile cultivation of cells, tissues, organs and their components under certain chemical and physical conditions in vitro. Objectives: This study aimed to propagate the medicinal chia plant using the technique of plant tissue culture. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of the College of Agriculture, Anbar University. Sterilized chia seeds were sown on the MS nutrient medium equipped with the GA3 growth regulator for the purpose of obtaining vegetative growths in the cultivation tubes, at the rate of one seed per vial, using tweezers previously sterilized with alcohol and flame. After obtaining the required growths, the stem nodes were cut into pieces 1 cm long and planted on MS medium prepared with different concentrations of BA (0.5, 1, 2, 3) mg L -1 . And by interfering with NAA (0.1, 0.2, 0.3) mg L -1 with the aim of the emergence and multiplication of vegetative branches within a factorial experiment with two factors (4 × 4) with 10 replications for each treatment. 16 hours and 8 hours dark. In the rooting experiment, different concentrations of IBA (0, 1, 2) mg L -1 were used, interfering with BR (0, 0.1, 0.2) mg L -1 , and measurements were taken after one month. Results: It was observed through the obtained results that there were significant differences between the different concentrations of growth regulators used in the experiment in the multiplication and rooting of the branches. Conclusions: Regarding the doubling stage, there is an increase in the number of branches as the concentration of the growth regulator BA increases. For rooting, the growth regulator brassinosteroids outperformed auxin indole butyric acid in root lengths and numbers. Keywords: Chia Plants, Gibberellin hormone, Leaves, Stem Nodes, Tissue Culture Technique

In this paper flotation method experiments were performed to investigate the removal of lead and zinc. Various parameters such as pH, air flow rate, collector concentrations, collector type and initial metal concentrations were tested in a bubble column of 6 cm inside diameter. High recoveries of the two metals have been obtained by applying the foam flotation process, and at relatively short time 45 minutes . The results show that the best removal of lead about 95% was achieved at pH value of 8 and the best removal of zinc about 93% was achieved at pH value of 10 by using 100 mg/l of Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a collector and 1% ethanol as a frother. The results show that the removal efficiency increased with increasing initial metal concentrations in the alkaline conditions while it decreased in the acidic condition. Increasing air flow rate up to 1000 ml/min enhanced the separation efficiency. Selective flotation experiments were also conducted in the presence of metalion mixture solutions. It was possible to separate lead and zinc under suitable condition, successful removals reached about 84% and 81% for lead and zinc respectively . It was observed that the first order equation fitted the data as good and better than any of the other equations.

This paper aims to study the biosorption for removal of lead, cadmium, copper and arsenic ions using algae as a biosorbent. A series of experiments were carried out to obtain the breakthrough data in a fluidized bed reactor. The minimum fluidization velocities of beds were found to be 2.27 and 3.64 mm/s for mish sizes of 0.4-0.6 and 0.6-1 mm diameters, respectively. An ideal plug flow model has been adopted to characterize the fluidized bed reactor. This model has been solved numerically using MATLAB version 6.5. The results showed a well fitting with the experimental data. Different operating conditions were varied: static bed height, superficial velocity and particle diameter. The breakthrough curves were plotted for each metal. Pb2+ showed the largest breakthrough time compared with others, while Cd2+ had the lowest value

محتوى البحث في هذه الدراسة هو مراتب الأخلاق في الشريعة الاسلامية الحقة, حيث يتم ذلك من خلال تتبع الآيات القرآنية الكريمة التي تدل على المراتب الأخلاقية, وكذا الحال بالنسبة لما ذُكر منها في السنة المباركة, حيثُ تحليل كل موضوع. ومراعاة كلام المعصوم(عليه السلام) وتزويد الباحثين بكافة الآراء ذات الصلة. فقد اشتملَ البحث على عدد من المطالب متعلقة بالمراتب الأخلاقية ولا سيما في التقوى والصبر والصدق والوفاء والعفو, يسبق ذلك مقدمةٌ , وكان من أهمِ نتائج البحث ما يأتي: فأظهر البحث أهمية الأخلاق ومن ثم إعادة تحديد مدى اهتمام المسلمين بها والتركيز على مراتبها. و هذا يعود بسبب الاهتمام الكبير بها من قبل كتاب الله عز وجل وأحاديث نبيه وأولياءه. كما نجد بالإضافة إلى حقيقة أن العلماء استثمروا الآيات والنصوص القرآنية المتعلقة بذلك ، فإننا نراهم يستنتجون أقوال السنة المباركة ، وأيضًا أقوال الصحابة ، وبقية العلماء ليكون ذلك دليلًا على ما يذكرونه ويُعضد به حجتهم.

The removal of phenol from aqueous solutions using an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) has been examined in this work. After adding span80 as a surfactant and xylene as a diluent, the emulsion formulation was completed. According to the preliminary experiment, there is no need to utilize a carrier when preparing the membrane formulation for application. Then the resulting emulsion was disseminated in the exterior phase to get the desired effect. Different factors, such as internal phase concentration, surfactant concentration, homogenizer speed, and stirrer speed, were investigated to see what influence they had. The addition of 4 percent (v/v) span80, 5800 rpm homogenizer speed, and 250 rpm stirring speed resulted in a stable emulsion liquid membrane system, which was then tested for stability. It is the purpose of this work to investigate the effectiveness of phenol extraction, stripping in internal phase, and membrane rupture. A concentration of 0.1M NaOH in the internal phase was used in conjunction with a stirring speed of 250rpm, a feed phase pH of 3.0, and an initial concentration of phenol of 100 mg/L to achieve the highest extraction efficiency. Through 6 minutes were spent in this environment to get the highest extraction efficiency, stripping efficiency, and membrane breakdown percentages possible: 90.82 percent, 92.2 percent, and 1.45 percent correspondingly.

ملخص البحث : یهدف البحث الحالی الی معرفة اثر استراتیجیة اللون الرمز الصورة فی تحصیل تلامیذ الصف الخامس الابتدائی لمادة العلوم وتنمیة مهارات تفکیرهم البصری. تم استخدام التصمیم التجریبی ذات المجموعتین المتکافئتین احداهما تجریبیة والاخرى ضابطة، وقد بلغ حجم عینة البحث(60) تلمیذ بواقع (30)تلمیذ فی المجموعة التجریبیة و(30)تلمیذ فی المجموعة الضابطة ، وقد تم التکافؤ بین مجموعتی البحث فی المتغیرات الاتیة : درجة الذکاء، العمر الزمنی للتلامیذ محسوبا بالأشهر, درجة مادة العلوم فی الصف الرابع، المستوى التعلیمی للأبوین, اختبار مهارات التفکیر البصری القبلی، ولتحقیق هدف البحث تم اعداد اداتین الاولى: اختبار تحصیلی فی مادة العلوم مکون بصیغته النهائیة من (25) فقرة، وقد اتسم بالصدق والثبات الذی بلغ (0.80) باستخدام معادلة کودر_ ریتشاردسون (20). اما الاداة الثانیة فهو اختبار لمهارات التفکیر البصری الذی اعده ابولیلة(2017) وقد استخرجت الباحثتان صدقه وتمیزه وثباته الذی بلغ(0.82) باستخدام معادلة کودر_ ریتشاردسون (20) وقد تکون بصیغته النهائیة من(26) فقرة، وبعد معالجة البیانات احصائیا باستخدام الاختبار التائی (T-Test) لعینتین مستقلتین اظهرت النتائج فاعلیة استخدام استراتیجیة اللون الرمز الصورة فی تحصیل تلامیذ الصف الخامس الابتدائی لمادة العلوم وتنمیة مهارات تفکیرهم البصری.

This article includes different properties of the independence and domination (total domination, independent domination, co-independent domination) number of the complete z-ray root and Jahangir graphs. Also, the inverse domination number of these graphs of variant dominating sets (total dominating, independent dominating, co-independent dominating) is determined.

Fault detection plays a serious role in high-cost and safety-critical processes. There are two main drivers for continuous improvement in the area of early detection of process faults safety and reliability of technical plants. Detect fault in Geophone string sensors (SG-10) are very important in oil exploration to avoid loss economy. Methods are developed to enable earlier detection of process faults than the traditional limit and trend checking based on a single process variable and the development of these methods is a key matter. Classification methods will be used for pattern recognition and as such is appropriate for fault detection. In supervised training input-output pairs, both for normal and fault conditions, are presented to the network. The models were trained on the free fault and fault sensors. Then the Quadratic Support Vector Machine (QSVM) and k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) as the classifiers are used. The test results for measuring the performance of 1232 sample classifiers from data show that the accuracy of fault-free sensor recognition is 97.4 % and 100% consecutively for these classifiers.

This work was devoted to synthesizing α-γ Al2O3 nanocomposite by the electrolysis method. A plate of aluminum was used as the anode, while the graphite rod was used as the counter electrode (cathode). The structure and morphology were investigated and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated the average size of α-γ Al2O3 nanocomposite was smaller than 10 nm. The value of inhibition zone indicated the nanocomposite's effect on different bacteria. The results demonstrated the newly synthesized nanocomposite as promising antimicrobial agents against bacteria.

يستهدف البحث الى تعرف الانفتاح على الخبرة وعلاقته بحس الدعابة لدى طلبة كلية الآداب في جامعة القادسية . إذ بلغ عدد أفراد العينة ( 200 ) طالب وطالبة اختيروا بالأسلوب العشوائي. ولقياس هذا الهدف بُنيَ مقياس الانفتاح على الخبرة الذي تكون بصيغته النهائية من (26) فقرة كذلك قام الباحث ببناء مقياس حس الدعابة الذي تكون بصيغته النهائية من (18) فقرة ، وقد استُخرج لكل من الأداتين شروط الصدق والثبات ، وبتطبيق الوسائل الإحصائية المناسبة . تشير أهم نتائج الدراسة إلى أنً طلبة كلية الآداب يتسمون بالانفتاح على الخبرة وليس هناك فرق ذو دلالة احصائية في الانفتاح على الخبرة على وفق متغير النوع ، كذلك وجدت الدراسة ان طلبة كلية الآداب يتصفون بحس الدعابة ، وليس هناك فرق ذو دلالة احصائية على مقياس حس الدعابة على وفق متغير النوع ، واشارت النتائج الى عدم وجود علاقة ارتباطية بين الانفتاح على الخبرة وحس الدعابة لدى طلبة كلية الآداب في جامعة القادسية. وأختتم البحث بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات.

Abstract Background Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a collagen-activated receptor tyrosine kinase extensively implicated in diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis and fibrosis. Multiple preclinical studies, performed using either a gene deletion or a gene silencing approaches, have shown this receptor being a major driver target of fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Methods The present study investigated the role and relevance of DDR1 in human crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN). Detailed DDR1 expression was first characterized in detail in human GN biopsies using a novel selective anti-DDR1 antibody using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently the protective role of DDR1 was investigated using a highly selective, novel, small molecule inhibitor in a nephrotoxic serum (NTS) GN model in a prophylactic regime and in the NEP25 GN mouse model using a therapeutic intervention regime. Results DDR1 expression was shown to be mainly limited to renal epithelium. In humans, DDR1 is highly induced in injured podocytes, in bridging cells expressing both parietal epithelial cell (PEC) and podocyte markers and in a subset of PECs forming the cellular crescents in human GN. Pharmacological inhibition of DDR1 in NTS improved both renal function and histological parameters. These results, obtained using a prophylactic regime, were confirmed in the NEP25 GN mouse model using a therapeutic intervention regime. Gene expression analysis of NTS showed that pharmacological blockade of DDR1 specifically reverted fibrotic and inflammatory gene networks and modulated expression of the glomerular cell gene signature, further validating DDR1 as a major mediator of cell fate in podocytes and PECs. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that DDR1 inhibition might be an attractive and promising pharmacological intervention for the treatment of GN, predominantly by targeting the renal epithelium.

In this work, a sensor yarn based on a natural sisal yarn containing a non-electro-conductive core impregnated with PVA polymer and coated by PEDOT:PSS polymer as an electro-conductive sheath was investigated. The main objectives include the development of this new sensor yarn as a first step. Then, we look towards the insertion of this sensor yarn into different woven structures followed by the monitoring of the mechanical behaviour of composite materials made with these fibrous reinforcements. The combined effect of the structural geometry and the number of PEDOT:PSS coating layers on the properties of the sensor yarns was investigated. It was found that the number of PEDOT:PSS coating layers could strongly influence the electromechanical behaviours of the sensor yarns. Different methods of characterization were employed on strain-sensor yarns with two and four coating layers of PEDOT:PSS. The piezo-resistive strain-sensor properties of these selected coating layers were evaluated. Cyclic stretching-releasing tests were also performed to investigate the dynamic strain-sensing behavior. The obtained results indicated that gauge factor values can be extracted in three strain regions for two and four coating layers, respectively. Moreover, these strain-sensor yarns showed accurate and stable sensor responses under cyclic conditions. Furthers works are in progress to investigate the mechanism behind these first results of these sisal fibre-based sensors.

If realism is present in human beings since ancient times, it is necessarily present in literature as an expression of the nature of people and as a product of influences of race, time and place. Our research covered: The human nature between realism and naturalism in the nineteenth century)) The reasons for the emergence of realism and natural in literature, and then addressed a number of features, including the pessimism, which was represented in the work of its pioneer Balzac, who depicted some social diseases such as stinginess and access and hypocrisy and the search for money, as in the series of novels ("human comedy) Which is acquired by the individual of his community. And then the research showed the advantages of naturalism, which sees its leader, Emil Zola, that man is evil and that the cause of his evil is due to the instincts he inherited from the fathers, which include a part of the inherited traditions and individualities as in the series of novels Rougon-Macquart.

A graph labeling is an assignment of integers to the vertices, edges, or to both, and it is subject to certain conditions. In this paper, a new concept of graph labeling called binary operation labeling is introduced. The graph is said to be a binary operation graph if admits a binary operation labeling. Some results for this new type of labeling are contributed.

ينطوي الاعلان على اهمية في تعظيم موارد المؤسسات الصحفية، فهو يساعدها على اداء مهماتها ويكرس استقلاليتها ايضا، غير ان هذا النمط من الاتصال شهد تداخلا في احيان كثيرة مع انماط اتصالية اخرى من بينها الاعلام والدعاية. ويتحمل القائمون بالاتصال في الصحافة مسؤولية في هذا الجانب، من واقع قيام بعضهم بتسخير الاعلان في اغراض شخصية او ضارة بالمحتوى الاعلامي. وقد انتبه كثير من المرجعيات الاتصالية الى خطورة الخلط بين مفاهيم ومستويات النشاطات الثلاثة واتجهت نحو وضع قواعد للحد من التداخل بينها. ويهدف هذا البحث الى محاولة فك الاشتباك بين مفهوم الاعلان والاعلام والدعاية وبلورة رؤية شاملة لكل منها تدفع العاملين في الصحافة الى النأي بانفسهم عن الوقوع في شرك تضليل القراء عبر الرسائل التي يتضمنها كل نشاط فضلا على تجنب النمط التضليلي في الاعلانات المتخفية وراء الاعلام او تحويل اي منها الى نمط اتصالي خادع او مضلل للجمهور كما قد يحصل باستخدام النشاط الدعائي. اما اختيار الحالة في العراق فان البحث يرى فيها خصوصية تستوجب الدراسة من منطلق انتقالها من حقبة اعلام السلطة او التجربة المركزية في ادارة الاعلام الى الانفتاح المنفلت غير المؤطر بقوانين ضابطة، لاسيما بعد التغيير العاصف الذي حصل في نيسان 2003. اذ يعتقد البحث ان التداخل بين المستويات الاتصالية الثلاث بدا اكثر عمقا واتساعا مما يتطلب معالجة علمية تساعد القائمين بالاتصال او القائمين على قطاع الصحافة، في تأهيل انفسهم بحيث لا يعود ثمة تهديد مباشر لمهنتهم او خطر يواجه عظم الرسالة التي يؤدونها نتيجة انعدام الحدود بين الاعلان والاعلام والدعاية. ورصد البحث من خلال دراسة حالة العراق ان المستويات المذكورة غير واضحة المعالم من حيث الوظيفة والمفهوم في اذهان بعض القائمين بالاتصال مما يتطلب عملا في مجال تأهيلهم، كما وجد ان بعض قوى المال السياسي والاقتصادي تتدخل بهدف التأثير في الصحافة من خلال نوع من الدعاية مدفوعة الثمن تهدد الصحافة وتحرفها عن اخلاقياتها المهنية. ورأت الدراسة ان بعض المؤسسات الحكومية تمارس الضغط على الصحف لحملها على تلميع صورتها او تشن حربا اعلانية ضد الصحف التي ترفض الاذعان لهذا المنطق، كما تعمد بعض شركات القطاع الخاص الى الانتقائية في توزيع الاعلانات تحت ضغط او مزاعم اطراف ثالثة بما يتعارض مع معايير النشر.

Extraction of copper (Cu) from aqueous solution utilizing Liquid Membrane technology (LM) is more effective than precipitation method that forms sludge and must be disposed of in landfills. In this work, we have formulated a liquid surfactant membrane (LSM) that uses kerosene oil as the main diluent of LSM to remove copper ions from the aqueous waste solution through di- (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid - D2EHPA- as a carrier. This technique displays several advantages including one-stage extraction and stripping process, simple operation, low energy requirement, and. In this study, the LSM process was used to transport Cu (II) ions from the feed phase to the stripping phase, which was prepared, using H2SO4. For LSM process, various parameters have been studied such as carrier concentration; treat ratio (TR), agitating speed and initial feed concentration. After finding the optimum parameters, it was possible to extract Cu up to 95% from the aqueous feed phase in a single stage extraction.

Background: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs. It can also affect other organs. TB was once called “consumption.” It is the world’s second-most fatal infectious agent, after HIV/AIDS Objective: To evaluate the effect of sodium nitrate, vitamin E and vitamin C administration on liver enzymes, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. This research aimed to study the effect of tuberculosis (TB) on quality (QOl) of life of MDR and non DR TB patients, it also to explore any possible association between getting MDR TB and socio- demographic variables Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chest and Respiratory Diseases Center (CRDC) –Baghdad during 2015. The World Health Organizations Quality of Life Assessment (WHOHQL-BREF) was used to asses QOL of 50 MDR and 50 Non DR sputum positive pulmonary TB patients. Socio-demographic variables were studied. SPSS V. 22, was used in statistical analysis, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used to test significance of differences, PV≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age was 43.46 ± 14.8 and 37 ± 16.16 for MDR-TB and non-DR-TB respectively. The age difference was significant (p=0.048). Males constitute a majority in both groups (DR-TB 64% and non-DR-TB 59%). Smoking was higher in DR-TB than non-DR-TB (57% and 38% respectively) and difference was significant (P =0 .016). Significant differences between DR-TB and non-DR-TB in global QOL, global health, physical, psychological, social and environmental domains (P=0.004, 0.014, 0.001, .0019, 0.001 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Patients with MDR-TB had lower mean scores than non-DR-TB for overall HRQOL domains. There is association between getting MDR TB and being older in age, lower educational level, smokers and being jobless.

Summary: The cellular responses induced by mitochondrial dysfunction remain elusive. Intrigued by the lack of almost any glomerular phenotype in patients with profound renal ischemia, we comprehensively investigated the primary sources of energy of glomerular podocytes. Combining functional measurements of oxygen consumption rates, glomerular metabolite analysis, and determination of mitochondrial density of podocytes in vivo, we demonstrate that anaerobic glycolysis and fermentation of glucose to lactate represent the key energy source of podocytes. Under physiological conditions, we could detect neither a developmental nor late-onset pathological phenotype in podocytes with impaired mitochondrial biogenesis machinery, defective mitochondrial fusion-fission apparatus, or reduced mtDNA stability and transcription caused by podocyte-specific deletion of Pgc-1α, Drp1, or Tfam, respectively. Anaerobic glycolysis represents the predominant metabolic pathway of podocytes. These findings offer a strategy to therapeutically interfere with the enhanced podocyte metabolism in various progressive kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). : Glomerular podocytes form the third and most outer layer of the kidney filtration barrier responsible for restricting the passage of proteins into the urine. Brinkkoetter et al. show that podocyte metabolism primarily relies on anaerobic glycolysis and the fermentation of glucose to lactate. Keywords: glomerular filtration barrier, podocytes, anaerobic glycolysis, metabolomics

Enhancement of the performance for hybrid solar air conditioning system was presented in this paper. The refrigerant temperature leaving the condenser was controlled using three-way valve, this valve was installed after the compressor to regulate refrigerant flow rate towards the solar system. A control system using data logger, sensors and computer was proposed to set the opening valve ratio. The function of control program using LabVIEW software is to obtain a minimum refrigerant temperature from the condenser outlet to enhance the overall COP of the unit by increasing the degree of subcooled refrigerant. A variable load electrical heater with coiled pipe was used instead of the solar collector and the storage tank to simulate the solar radiation. Experimental data was measured to study the performance of the system. The proposed system was compared with the conventional one. Results show that the COP of the proposed system was higher than the COP of the conventional system by 10 %. In addition, the controlled system saved an electricity of 11.2 %. The optimum opening valve ratio fluctuated between 0.3 and 0.4 when the heater power was 500 W.

Today the world is looking at a range of contemporary and influential technologies at all levels, Which contribute to the strengthening of contemporary architecture, Where architecture was directly influenced by contemporary technologies, The speed of achievement and accuracy in work and little effort as well as the diversity of materials that would last longer, This has become a point of attraction for architectural trends, especially the original Arab Islamic decoration, Which in the past had been created by local materials that were subject to erosion, with craftsmen's hands and a long time of achievement, Despite the availability of modern technologies of material and high-end possibilities, it remains to be seen whether Arab-Islamic decorations under this technological revolution still preserve their spirit and authenticity, Hence the special research problem, which states: (The lack of knowledge about the spirituality of the decorative product of contemporary Islamic Arab architecture), Therefore, the aim of the research is to promote the spiritual achieved in the decorative products inherent and inherent in contemporary Arab Islamic architecture, The research methodology included building a conceptual and knowledge framework for the main and secondary research terms, and then extrapolating a number of previous studies and constructing the theoretical framework for the research and then applying it to a sample of the selected projects. And that the most important research findings that the spirituality of original decorative products lies in the aesthetics associated with the form subject to the original content, where spiritual means the bug in existence and overflowing form of vitality and immortality, And the contemporary technical development in the construction materials and methods of construction makes the Arab Islamic decoration as authentic and contemporary as long as it preserves the content and form of content..

Human beings are fundamentally linked to a process of instinct that can make it into a process of research and generation until it becomes sufficient, and then it is renewed in space and another field, and then the process continues without a specific goal. The previous operations are centered on two poles: desire and need for architecture, , As well as the impact of human desire in architecture, they are in a wide space can not be easily understood. The purpose of this research is to identify and integrate this process within the framework of architecture and be specific to reach a goal that satisfies the two processes. Hence, the research problem of (limits of understanding of dialogue of desire and need in architecture) Of the tests and analysis of the results collected. The research found that the architecture seeks to balance the processes of need and desire of the recipient and the user, thus balancing the dual self and the subject in architecture, in which the state of stability can be reached in thought and action.

As world demand for clean water increases, reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has emerged as an attractive solution. Continuous RO is the most used desalination technology today. However, a new generation of configurations, working in unsteady-state feed concentration and pressure, have gained more attention recently, including the batch RO process. Our work presents a mathematical modeling for batch RO that offers the possibility of monitoring all variables of the process, including specific energy consumption, as a function of time and the recovery ratio. Validation is achieved by comparison with data from the experimental set-up and an existing model in the literature. Energetic comparison with continuous RO processes confirms that batch RO can be more energy efficient than can continuous RO, especially at a higher recovery ratio. It used, at recovery, 31% less energy for seawater and 19% less energy for brackish water. Modeling also proves that the batch RO process does not have to function under constant flux to deliver good energetic performance. In fact, under a linear pressure profile, batch RO can still deliver better energetic performance than can a continuous configuration. The parameters analysis shows that salinity, pump and energy recovery devices efficiencies are directly linked to the energy demand. While increasing feed volume has a limited effect after a certain volume due to dilution, it also shows, interestingly, a recovery ratio interval in which feed volume does not affect specific energy consumption.

The present work reports on the performance of three types of nanofiltration membranes in the removal of highly polluting and toxic lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) from single and binary salt aqueous solutions simulating real wastewaters. The effect of the operating variables (pH (5.5-6.5), types of NF membrane and initial ions concentration (10-250 ppm)) on the separation process and water flux was investigated. It was observed that the rejection efficiency increased with increasing pH of solution and decreasing the initial metal ions concentrations. While the flux decreased with increasing pH of solution and increasing initial metal ions concentrations. The maximum rejection of lead and cadmium ions in single salt solution was 99%, 97.5 % and 98 % at pH 6, 6.5 and 6.2 and 78%, 49.2% and 44% at pH 6.5, 6.2 and 6.5 for NF1, NF2 and NF3 respectively. On the other hand, maximum permeate flux for single NF2 (32.2)> NF3 (16.1)>NF1 (14.2) (l/m2.h) for 100 ppm, higher than binary salt solution was NF2 (23.7) ˃ NF3 (13) ˃ NF1 (8) (l/m2.h) for (10 Pb2+/50 Cd2+) ppm. The NF membranes proved able to achieve high separation efficiency of both lead and cadmium ions in very suitable conditions, leaving wastewaters in a condition suitable prior discharged into the environment.

The estimation of soil wet bulk density (ρn) and dry bulk density (ρb) using the novel digital electromechanical system (DES) has provided information about important parameters for the assessment of soil quality and health with a direct application for agronomists. The evaluation of the DES performance is particularly appropriate for different tillage methods, mulching systems, and fertilizers used to increase soil fertility and productivity, but currently, there is a lack of information, particularly in the arid areas in underdeveloped countries. Therefore, the main aim of this study was the application of a novel digital electromechanical system (DES) to evaluate bulk density, wet (ρn) and dry (ρb), under different soil treatments according to the variations in thermal efficiencies (ηth), microwave penetration depths (MDP), and specific energy consumption (Qcon) in an experimental area close to Baghdad (Iraq). The experimental design consisted of 72 plots, each 4 m2. The agronomic practices included two different tillage systems (disc plough followed by a spring disk and mouldboard plough followed by a spring disk) and twelve treatments involving mulching plastic sheeting combined with fertilizers, to determine their effect on the measured soil ρn and ρb and the DES performance in different soils. The results indicated that soil ρn and ρb varied significantly with both the tillage systems and the mulching systems. As expected, the soil ρn and ρb, MDP, and Qcon increased with an increase in the soil depth. Moreover, the tillage, soil mulching, and soil depth value significantly affected ηth and Qcon. A strong relationship was identified between the soil tillage and MDP for different soil treatments, leading to the changes in soil ρb and the soil dielectric constant (ε').

The present work includes two main parts. Firstly: the experimental part takes respect of the effect of changing the magnitude of supplied voltage to compressor, condenser air flow rate, and evaporator air flow rate on system performance. The effect of ambient temperature on system performance is also considered. The experimental study has been done on a split air- conditioner with a 1 TR nominal capacity. The experimental results show that reducing the supplied voltage to the compressor by 23% caused the refrigeration capacity and COP)tot to decrease by 7.7% and 5.7%, respectively and when condenser airflow was reduced by 35.8%, cause the refrigeration capacity and COP)tot to decrease by 1.6% and 7.1%, respectively. Also, the reduction of the evaporator airflow by 46.7%, the refrigeration capacity, and COP)tot decreased by 11.4% and 9.6%, respectively. Secondly, the theoretical part, in which a mathematical model has been developed for the vapor compression refrigeration cycle to predict the system performance under the various ambient temperatures. The mathematical model was performed using Matlab software. The comparison between the mathematical results and experimental results shows that the maximum deviation of condenser capacity, refrigeration capacity, power input to compressor, and COP is 1.75%, 3.2%, 3.34%, and 4.84%, respectively.

Objective This study aimed to find the effect of serum Cystatin C in early diabetic nephropathy. Method This study was conducted in Al Kindy Teaching Hospital during the period from December, 2015 to June, 2016. The study included 90 subjects (30 males and 30 females) with diabetic type 2 and 30 healthy control. Age is between 30 and 70 years. Patients were with no history of liver disease, thyroid or other endocrine diseases through clinical interviewing. They were divided in to three groups. 30 healthy controls, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with no albuminuria (albumin excretion in urine 30 μg/ml ). Results There were no significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI) among the studied groups (p > 0.05). Serum Cystatin C levels showed significant difference (p < 0.001) among studied groups, it was significantly higher in micro albuminuria than the other two groups. There was highly significant positive correlation between Cystatin C and serum creatinine (r = 0.697, p < 0.001), and a significant negative correlation between Cystatin C and GFR (r = − 0.455, p = 0.011) and show significant positive correlation between Cystatin C and urine albumin (r = 0.526, p = 0.003 ) in type 2 diabetic patients with micro albuminuria. Conclusion Cystatin C is negatively correlated with the amount of GFR, so that Cystatin C considered reliable and sensitive marker for identifying changes in GFR. In type 2 diabetes mellitus with micro albuminuria serum Cystatin C level considered predict marker for renal failure.

The Critique is a tool for the development of architectural production , And when that criticism in architecture depends on the parties : (Critic , Receiver , and Output ), And there is a dialogue going on between the critic and the receiver , The process depends on the acceptance or refusal, Therefore it is necessary to put a tool for Persuasion the receiver , This tool practiced by the critic to be able to Persuasion the recipient to accept the views put forward , So the process of persuasion in the critique consisting of several stimuli to criticism in general , Some of them give positive results and the other negative. The objective of the research to identify the methods of persuasion in Critique academic and sort of know any more possible ways to create a constructive criticism of the party during the second response (Receiver) to the critic, To be the research problem (There is a knowledge gap on how to convince the architectural critic of the designer in Actual Architectural Academy), The main draw of the vocabulary part of the theoretical research of the concepts related to research and previous studies, And then conducted the practical application of academic projects on one final study phase, And then go out the results and then conclusions, which belongs to The researcher found that the criticism persuade process is done through Analysis ,Technology means ,negotiation and attractions of the designer with many ways and skills to be enjoyed by architectural critic. Keywords: persuasion, criticism, critic, receiver, production, negotiation, attraction.

character matrix ( ) from the character table of and finding the invariant factors of this matrix, the primary decomposition of the factor group where is determined. Also, we found the general form of this decomposition for p>=2

Indoor positioning systems (IPS) have been recently adopted by many researchers for their broad applications in various Internet of Things (IoT) fields such as logistics, health, construction industries, and security. Received Signal Strength (RSS)-based fingerprinting approaches have been widely used for positioning inside buildings because they have a distinct advantage of low cost over other indoor positioning techniques. The signal power RSS is a function of the distance between the Mobile System (MS) and Access Point (AP), which varies due to the multipath propagation phenomenon and human body blockage. Furthermore, fingerprinting approaches have several disadvantages such as labor cost, diversity (in signals and environment), and computational cost. Eliminating redundancy by ruling out non-informative APs not only reduces the computation time, but also improves the performance of IPS. In this article, we propose a dimensionality reduction technique in a multiple service set identifier-based indoor positioning system with Multiple Service Set Identifiers (MSSIDs), which means that each AP can be configured to transmit N signals instead of one signal, to serve different kinds of clients simultaneously. Therefore, we investigated various kinds of approaches for the selection of informative APs such as spatial variance, strongest APs, and random selection. These approaches were tested using two clustering techniques including K-means and Fuzzy C-means. Performance evaluation was focused on two elements, the number of informative APs versus the accuracy of the proposed system. To assess the proposed system, real data was acquired from within the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences (CEAS) at the Western Michigan University (WMU) building. The results exhibit the superiority of fused Multiple Service Set Identifiers (MSSID) performance over the single SSID. Moreover, the results report that the proposed system achieves a positioning accuracy 2, with an accumulative density function (CDF) of 88% with a distance error of 2 m.

The main hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is excessive inflammation leading to interstitial tissue fibrosis. It has been recently reported that NOV/CCN3 could be involved in kidney damage but its role in the progression of nephropathies is poorly known. NOV/CCN3 is a secreted multifunctional protein belonging to the CCN family involved in different physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, inflammation and cancers. The purpose of our study was to determine the role of NOV/CCN3 in renal inflammation and fibrosis related to primitive tubulointerstitial injury. After unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), renal histology and real-time PCR were performed in NOV/CCN3-/- and wild type mice. NOV/CCN3 mRNA expression was increased in the obstructed kidneys in the early stages of the obstructive nephropathy. Interestingly, plasmatic levels of NOV/CCN3 were strongly induced after 7 days of UUO and the injection of recombinant NOV/CCN3 protein in healthy mice significantly increased CCL2 mRNA levels. Furthermore, after 7 days of UUO NOV/CCN3-/- mice displayed reduced proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion markers expression leading to restricted accumulation of interstitial monocytes, in comparison with their wild type littermates. Consequently, in NOV/CCN3-/- mice interstitial renal fibrosis was blunted after 15 days of UUO. In agreement with our experimental data, NOV/CCN3 expression was highly increased in biopsies of patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis. Thus, the inhibition of NOV/CCN3 may represent a novel target for the progression of renal diseases.

Background:The document on hypertension in the elderly promoted by the American college of cardiology and the American heart association (ACCF/AHA) was written with the intent to be a complete reference at the time of publication on the topic of managing hypertension in the elderly. More recently, the European society of hypertension (ESH) and the European society of cardiology (ESC) issued the 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension, followed by The 2014 Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHPE), and the Eighth Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC8), all of which has endorsed specific recommendations for the management of elderly hypertensive patients.

Background: Sexual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia was reported as one of the most distressing antipsychotics drug adverse effects and it is directly related to treatment compliance, but the subject seldom touched in the field of psychiatry in Iraq previously.Objectives: To assess and find out the impact of schizophrenia on Sexuality of the patient, and illustrate effect of anti-schizophrenic on sexual activityMethods: using DSM4-TR and ASEX scale questionnaires for 104 male participants from out 155schizophrenic patient were studied in sex clinic in Al-Rashad teaching hospital for psychiatric disease in Baghdad. The study extended for 22 months from 1st of July 2010 to the 1st of April 2012, t test and chi square test were used for statistical analysis. P ≤0.05 used as cutoff point of significance.Results: fifty-five percent of schizophrenic male in this study got sexual dysfunction, their ages extended from (18-66 y) with mean 47year,there was significant association between age and sexual function (p- 0.018), although only 17%(18 out of 104) got secondary school education or higher ,but there is significant association between getting better educational level and better sexual function (p 0.001), results showed that low socioeconomic status got worse effect on sexual function(p 0.044) and so when being unemployed (p 0.001)combination of antipsychotic with antidepressants, may cause sexual dysfunction (P 0.036) ,and the more the duration of treatment the worse the effect on sexuality(P 0.001). When patients classified by type of sexual disorder:-desire disorder 19%, arousal disorder 28%, orgasm disorder 24%and sexual dissatisfaction with partner 29%.Conclusions: sexual dysfunction in schizophrenics is rather common though shadowed in our community for cultural, religious reasons and stigma of schizophrenia itself, so that evaluating sexual dysfunction should be routinely inquired from patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotics medication during follow up and dosage adjustment.

Fibrosis is a complex and multifactorial process, affecting the structure and compromising the function of several organs. Among those, renal fibrosis is an important pathological change, eventually leading to renal failure. Proteomic analysis of the renal parenchyma in the well-established rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO model) suggested that transgelin was up-regulated during the development of fibrosis. Transgelin up-regulation was confirmed both at the protein and at the mRNA level. It was observed that at early stages of fibrosis transgelin was mainly expressed in the interstitial compartment and, more specifically, in cells surrounding the glomeruli. Subsequently, it was confirmed that transgelin expressing cells were activated fibroblasts, based on their extensive co-expression of α-SMA and their complete lack of co-distribution with markers of other cell types (endothelial, epithelial and cells of the immune system). These periglomerular fibroblasts exhibited staining for transgelin mainly cytoplasmic but occasionally nuclear as well. In addition, transgelin expression in periglomerular fibroblasts was absent in renal fibrosis developed in a hypertensive model, compared to the UUO model. Promoter analysis indicated that there are several conserved motifs for transcription factor binding. Among those, Kruppel-like factor 6 was found to be up-regulated in transgelin positive periglomerular activated fibroblasts, suggesting a possible involvement in the mechanism of transgelin up-regulation. These data strongly suggest that transgelin is up-regulated in the obstructive nephropathy and could be used as a novel marker for renal fibrosis in the future.

Background; paraphilias were studied in the sex clinic, at Al-Rashad teaching mental hospital, in the years 2009-2010, a subject never touched before in the field of psychiatry in Iraq. Aims of the study : 1-to identify the prevalence of types and number of paraphilias in those patients. 2-to study the relationship of paraphilias with sociodemographic factors of the patients. Patients and methods; using the diagnostic criteria of DSM IV TR, 52 patients from the outpatient sex clinic at Al-Rashad mental hospital, collected and studied (41 males and 11 females). Results; the ratio of men to women was 3.7 : 1, the majority of our sample was in the age range of 21-30 years (36.35%), with a limited(primary education)( about 48%) or no education(36.53%), not married as a status was found in 48.07%, and low socio-economic level was in 57.69% of our sample. Exhibitionism was found in 19.23% of our sample, followed by zoophilia in males 17.07%, most of the disorders were found exclusively in males, apart from masochism and some of the paraphilias not otherwise specified (NOS). Conclusion; paraphilia as a group of disorders, exist in our society, but lurks in the shadows of our strict cultural and religious societal background, they are suppressed and stigmatized, for the majority of our patients were collected first in a private clinic, then directed and encouraged to the sex clinic by the researchers.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that activation of the renin-angiotensin system may lead to hypertension, a major risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The existing hypertension-induced CDK mouse models are quite fast and consequently away from the human pathology. Thus, there is an urgent need for a mouse model that can be used to delineate the pathogenic process leading to progressive renal disease. The objective of this study was dual: to investigate whether mice overexpressing renin could mimic the kinetics and the physiopathological characteristics of hypertension-induced renal disease and to identify cellular and/or molecular events characterizing the different steps of the progression of CKD. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a novel transgenic strain, the RenTg mice harboring a genetically clamped renin transgene. At 3 months, heterozygous mice are hypertensive and slightly albuminuric. The expression of adhesion markers such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 are increased in the renal vasculature indicating initiation of endothelial dysfunction. At 5 months, perivascular and periglomerular infiltrations of macrophages are observed. These early renal vascular events are followed at 8 months by leukocyte invasion, decreased expression of nephrin, increased expression of KIM-1, a typical protein of tubular cell stress, and of several pro-fibrotic agents of the TGFβ family. At 12 months, mice display characteristic structural alterations of hypertensive renal disease such as glomerular ischemia, glomerulo- and nephroangio-sclerosis, mesangial expansion and tubular dilation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The RenTg strain develops CKD progressively. In this model, endothelial dysfunction is an early event preceding the structural and fibrotic alterations which ultimately lead to the development of CKD. This model can provide new insights into the mechanisms of chronic renal failure and help to identify new targets for arresting and/or reversing the development of the disease.