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The many universities across the world that promote internationalisation together with global citizenship education overtly or covertly orient their students around particular global citizenship values. Neoliberal and liberal humanist perspectives on global citizenship have historically dominated global citizenship education. The neoliberal 'global competitiveness' model promotes the values Achievement and Power, and the humanist 'global rights and responsibilities' model promotes the values Benevolence and Universalism. The critical perspective has emerged to challenge these dominant approaches. Inter alia, the critical perspective has argued against the prescription of certain values (or homogeneity of values) and for value pluralism that is open-ended. We investigated the extent to which these different perspectives on global citizenship values correspond with patterns in the value priorities among students from across the world. With data from the World Values Survey, we tested for homogeneity of values among students and assessed whether either global rights and responsibilities or global competitiveness values are dominant. There is no clear evidence of students' values converging as either global rights and responsibilities or global competitiveness. These findings suggest that a critical perspective on global citizenship education, which acknowledges value pluralism, is better suited to work with differences in student value priorities by creating opportunities in dialogical non-prescriptive ways for the conceptualisation of multiple global citizen selves.

The purpose of the study was to examine education doctoral student perspectives on their experience of enrolling in a fully online EdD program during a global pandemic and achieving career advancement during their enrollment through the lens of transformative learning theory. A qualitative study of 12 participants was conducted to examine in what ways the pandemic influenced their decision to enroll in an online doctorate program, in ways their thinking progressed throughout the program, and the factors affecting their decision to take on a career advancement while enrolled in the program. The findings indicate that there were elements of transformative learning that occurred for many of the participants. Faculty teaching in doctorate programs are encouraged to explore how they might foster transformative learning experiences for their students.

In this study, we aimed to determine the role of parental praise and child affect in the neural processes underlying parent-child interactions, utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning. We characterized the dynamic changes in interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) between parents and children (4-6 years old, n = 40 dyads) during a cognitively challenging task. We then examined how changes in parent-child INS are influenced by parental feedback and child affect. Parent-child INS showed a quadratic change over time, indicating a decelerated decline during the interaction period. The relationship of parental praise, in the form of positive feedback, to change in INS was contingent upon the child's positive affect during the task. The highest levels of INS were observed when praise was present and child affect was positive. The left temporo-parietal regions of the child and the right dorsolateral prefrontal and right temporo-parietal regions of the parent demonstrated the strongest INS. The dynamic change in INS during the interaction was associated with children's independent performance on a standardized test of visuospatial processing. This research, leveraging fNIRS hyperscanning, elucidates the neural dynamics underlying the interaction between parent praise and child positive affect, thereby contributing to our broader understanding of parent-child dynamics.

The educational approach known as positive education emerged from positive psychology and frequently attributes its conception of flourishing to Aristotelian eudaimonia. This is a point of contention between scholars who see positive psychology's flourishing as an epithet of Aristotelian virtues and others who have identified critical divergences between the philosophical foundations of positive psychology and Aristotle's normative ethics. Few scholars have examined whether adolescent understandings of flourishing reflect Aristotelian eudaimonia, and whether this is different in positive education students. This paper explores notion of the good life through the writings of 226 adolescents, 93 of whom attend a school that has implemented positive education. These are analysed through an Aristotelian lens, finding more similarities than differences between the groups. Both groups discussed relationships, emotions, and accomplishments, but moral goodness and virtue were not prominent. Conclusions are drawn about the implications of this for 'positive' education and the role it plays in nurturing flourishing.

The declining wellbeing of Australian teachers is a longstanding problem, with much attention on retention, stress, burnout, and poor resourcing and conditions that impact wellbeing. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has further illuminated these challenges. This qualitative study aimed to explore Australian teachers' perceptions of their wellbeing needs with a focus on asking the questions that are often not asked--what is working, what are we learning, and how can we move forward to support teacher wellbeing? The voices of teachers revealed findings that support a much-needed shift in teacher wellbeing rhetoric in Australia. We illuminate five key areas that influence teacher and sector perceptions of wellbeing: (1) school leadership, (2) professional development, (3) workload and work-life balance, (4) relationships, and (5) stress, positive emotions, and accomplishment. These findings contribute to the need for a change in how teacher wellbeing is approached and highlight the possible implications of what is working, needs, barriers, and insights for preservice teacher education and professional development of teachers.

Achievement goal orientations have a significant impact on students' self-regulation and development. An individual's achievement goal orientations may change at some critical stages. The sample of this study came from a survey of college students conducted in China for four consecutive years. The study used a growth mixture model to identify the longitudinal trajectories of achievement goal orientations during the college years, constructed a logistic regression model to analyze the related factors of students in different classes, and further examined the effects on academic performance. The results indicate that the longitudinal trajectories of all the 2 × 2 achievement goal orientations can be divided into decreasing class and increasing class. Taking the increasing class as the reference, extroversion, high BMI, high sleep duration, and major are related factors of students in the decreasing class of performance-approach goals. Extroversion and father's education level are associated with students in the decreasing class of mastery-avoidance goals. Extroversion, high sleep duration, father's education level, family economic status, and family social status correlate with students in the decreasing class of mastery-approach goals. In addition, there are significant differences in the academic performance of students in different trajectory classes.

In its original version, control-value theory describes and explains achievement emotions. More recently, the theory has been expanded to also explain epistemic, social, and existential emotions. In this article, I outline the development of the theory, from preliminary work in the 1980s to early versions of the theory and the recent generalized control-value theory. I provide summaries of the theory's evidence-based propositions on antecedents, outcomes, and regulation of emotions, including the fundamentally important role of control and value appraisals across different types of human emotions that are relevant to education (and beyond). The theory includes descriptive taxonomies of emotions as well as propositions explaining (a) the influence of individual factors, social environments, and socio-cultural contexts on emotions; (b) the effects of emotions on learning, performance, and health; (c) reciprocal causation linking emotions, outcomes, and antecedents; (d) ways to regulate emotions; and (e) strategies for intervention. Subsequently, I outline the relevance of the theory for educational practice, including individual and large-scale assessments of emotions; students', teachers', and parents' understanding of emotions; and change of educational practices. In conclusion, I discuss strengths of the theory, open questions, and future directions.

Transfer students comprise half of all undergraduate students, yet their educational experiences may differ in meaningful ways from those of traditional students. Importantly, the transfer student population is diverse and not monolithic. Achievement emotions, which occur in an iterative pattern with past experiences informing current and future emotions, are particularly understudied within the transfer population. This survey study (N = 721) examines how diverse transfer students' enjoyment and anxiety achievement emotions relate to GPA and term-to-term persistence. Results of the study showed that both anxiety and enjoyment emotions predicted term GPA and persistence for transfer students. However, when controlling for anxiety emotions, enjoyment emotions were no longer a significant predictor. These relations differed across demographic groups. Achievement emotions are an integral part of transfer students' experiences in higher education, creating opportunities for institutions to improve their students' educational outcomes.

Both achievement goals and achievement emotions have empirically been found to be important within educational contexts. This meta-analysis examined the interrelations among six achievement goals and fifteen achievement emotions and various moderators by analyzing 2,644 effect sizes from 355 studies with 155,208 participants. The findings revealed interrelations among achievement goals and achievement emotions that mainly corroborate theoretical assumptions. Mastery and performance goals showed associations with activity and outcome emotions. The results for work-avoidance goals confirmed the assumption that engaging in work avoidance is particularly related to negative activity emotions. Relational goals are positively linked to positive affect and enjoyment. Facets of mastery goals were identified as relevant moderators of the interrelations among achievement goals and emotions, in contrast to population. The results highlight the relevance of considering the interplay among achievement goals and achievement emotions at a specific level, as opposed to considering only the affective level, as well as differentiating between activity and outcome emotions to better understand their relationships with achievement goals.

Natural languages distinguish between telic predicates that denote events leading to an inherent endpoint (e.g., "draw a balloon") and atelic predicates that denote events with no inherent endpoint (e.g., "draw balloons"). Telicity distinctions in many languages are already partly available to 4-5-year-olds. Here, using exclusively nonlinguistic tasks and a sample of English-speaking children, we ask whether young learners use corresponding temporal notions to characterize event structure--that is, whether children represent events in cognition as "bounded" temporal entities with a specified endpoint or "unbounded" temporal units that could in principle extend indefinitely. We find that 4-5-year-old children in our sample compute boundedness during an event categorization task (Experiment 1) and distinguish event boundedness from event completion (Experiment 2). Furthermore, 4-5-year-olds in our sample evaluate interruptions at event endpoints versus midpoints differently--but only for events that are construed as bounded, presumably because in such construals, events truly culminate (Experiment 3). We conclude that young children represent events in terms of foundational and abstract temporal properties. These properties could support the acquisition of linguistic aspectual distinctions and further scaffold the way children conceptualize and process their dynamic experiences.

Introduction: Achievements of students in higher education are influenced by several factors. From the students' perspective a key factor is the motivation, without which it is extremely difficult to make any progress, and from the teachers' perspective the conservative methodological culture is primarily responsible for the fact that students are often uninterested, apathetic, and therefore they do not meet the expected requirements at all or only at a low level. Methods: In a pilot project we gamified the evaluation of a teacher education course at the University of Debrecen. We asked the participating students (26 students) at the beginning and at the end of the semester for their opinion on the evaluation system used. For this purpose, we used a short questionnaire that we compiled, which included both closed and open questions. Results: At the beginning of the semester, this form of assessment was very new to most students, and the difficulty of the assessment was judged differently by the course participants. In the end, students completed an average of nearly 5 (4.67) of the nine optional tasks. There were some tasks that were rated as both enjoyable and developmental by many, but there were also some that were barely chosen. Overall, the vast majority rated gamification as good or better than traditional assessment based on completion of compulsory tasks. Discussion: Gamification should be included in teacher education courses because first-hand experience can not only increase the intention to use the method in the future but can also influence the attitude of prospective teachers towards innovative teaching methods in a positive direction. Limitations: The size of the sample and the content of the optional tasks used do not allow the generalisation of the results to the whole population. Conclusions: Our results show that gamification can be an effective alternative to traditional education. It can increase student satisfaction, motivation and develop a broader range of competences, but it requires precise conditions and ownership. It would be useful to investigate the results of gamification assessment in other courses and how students' perceptions of the method change in courses where they are no longer unfamiliar with it.

Technologies used inside and outside museums generate brand new perspectives and learning areas for museum learning. This study analysed 45 empirical studies that included technological tools used in museums as well as those tools that dealt with the museum's visitor's learning achievements. The results of the study show that a variety of cognitive and affective skills have been achieved in ICT-assisted studies. Having different dimensions of interaction, such technologies can be used for different purposes, such as providing general guidance, synthesizing museum learning, consolidating knowledge, designing or experimenting, and/or offering individual experiences with personalized technologies. On the other hand, it appears that technology is still not being used efficiently to the fullest extent of its potential. Therefore, it is recommended that further studies should present more suitable technologies that fit individual differences, have a capacity to increase social interactions, contain enriched specifications, and can be used in a variety of environments.

Learning analytics dashboards (LADs) are emerging tools that convert abstract, complex information with visualizations to facilitate teachers' data-driven pedagogical decision-making. While many LADs have been designed, teachers' capacities for using such LADs are not well articulated in the literature. To fill the gap, this study provided a conceptual definition highlighting data visualization literacy and integrating abilities as two critical components in LAD capacities. Moreover, this study assessed teachers' LAD capacities through a knowledge test and examined the combined effect of teachers' self-regulation, emotions, perceptions of LAD usefulness and ease of use, and online teaching experience on teachers' achievements of the LAD capacity knowledge test. The results of a Bayesian path analysis based on the sample of 150 teachers show that (1) teachers' self-regulation and perceived LAD usefulness were the two main factors that made significant impacts on their LAD capacities, (2) the factors of negative emotions and perceived ease of use had effects on teachers' LAD capacities, but such effects were mediated by self-regulation and perceived usefulness, and (3) online teaching experience had little effect on LAD capacities. This is the first study that conceptually researches teachers' capacities for LAD uses. The findings offer novel perspectives into the complexity of LAD using process and demonstrate the importance of teachers' self-regulation, emotions, and perceptions of usefulness in enhancing teachers' abilities to use LADs for pedagogical decisions and actions.

Emergency remote teaching of listening comprehension is a challenge requiring rethinking of the delivery methods and use of technologies. The paper presents an approach to teaching listening comprehension remotely to students of translating and interpreting for whom this skill will be crucial in their future profession. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of using YouTube videos with captions in listening comprehension lessons on the students' listening skills and their confidence in foreign language use. A standard questionnaire was used to record their learning experience. In spite of being taught remotely, students improved in listening comprehension and profited from being able to consider their individual needs during listening assignments. They used captions in comprehension difficulties similar to those in real life, such as strong accents, fast speech, and unknown words. Positive correlation was identified between the use of captions and students' performance in listening tests. It appears captions have a potential to help improve in listening, recognizing accents, segmenting connected speech, and acquiring new vocabulary.

The aim of this article is to review the importance of the question of life's meaning, mainly for intellectually gifted, as well as suggesting possibilities for educational and therapeutic approaches with an integration between Dabrowski's proposals and Frankl's and Yalom's existential psychotherapies for enhancing meaning. In particular, we suggest that "a successful transition between childhood and adult giftedness depends upon the gifted individual's finding meaning in their life and a sense of purpose through which to try to achieve it." The article is based on an integration of theory-based propositions, a review of existing research, and clinical observations. We conclude that it is important to integrate ideas about existential problems into education and psychotherapy for the gifted, increasing gifted individuals' sense of meaning through development of human values, a eudaimonic life orientation, full expression of potential, generativity, harmony, self-compassion, and spirituality.

Smart Classroom Management (SCM) is an approach proposed by Linsin (2013) that takes into account students' needs and interests in class. It has four main strategies: Planning, Organization, Leadership, and Control. This study investigated experimentally the role of English as a Foreign Language teachers' use of SCM in response to learners' second language (L2) anxiety, engagement (behavioral, emotional, and cognitive), and language achievement. To gauge the students' L2 anxiety, six items out of the Dörnyei's (2005) L2 Motivational Self System were used. To measure student engagement, the Student Engagement Scale (SES) was employed. To conduct the research, a mixed methods design (integrating experimental and interview methods) was utilized. In the experimental phase, two classes at the same level were selected. In the experimental group, a treatment that was prepared based on SCM strategies was utilized. In the qualitative phase, four students of the experimental class were voluntarily interviewed about the effects of using SCM strategies on their learning. The results demonstrate that using SCM strategies as a treatment, that was prepared based on students' needs and a humanistic approach, had a significant impact on learners' engagement and its subscales up to 46%. Moreover, applying SCM was influential in reducing students' L2 anxiety and enhancing language achievement. The findings of this study are expected to inspire policy makers, teacher educators, and supervisors to facilitate the implementation of SCM in language classes.

Objectives: This study assessed pre-service teacher stressors, coping strategies, and achievement during teaching practicum in a Nigerian public university. Method: The study adopted the quantitative case study approach. The population consisted of all 300-level students in the faculty of education in the university who had completed their teaching practicum for the first semester of the 2020-2021 academic session. The quota sampling technique was used in selecting a sample of 130 pre-service teachers. We analysed data using multiple regression. Results: Findings revealed the stressors and coping strategies, controlling for gender, did not significantly predict achievement in the teaching practicum. Several coping strategies and sources of stress were identified among student teachers. Conclusion: Although pre-service teachers in many Nigerian teacher training institutions report various stressors and coping strategies, these do not predict their achievement during practicum. Implication for practice: The results can be useful in curriculum planning and policy design, especially for methodologies of coping and overcoming the various stressors accruing from the teaching profession in general. For universities and colleges of education, teacher trainers have knowledge about the teaching practicum, stressors, and the various coping strategies to be considered and appropriated into pre-service teachers' training for optimal performance.

Serious consequences of teachers' experienced burnout have repeatedly been reported. Thus, it is important to identify teachers' level of burnout and underlying factors. Accordingly, the current study aims to investigate the level of burnout English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Türkiye may feel, and if four factors (age, gender, length of teaching experience, and type of school) predict their level of burnout. To that end, a quantitative orientation was adopted. Through convenience sampling 132 EFL teachers working in different regions of Türkiye voluntarily took part in the research. They were asked to fill out Maslach's Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey, and to provide some demographic information. Three separate scores for each participant were obtained through three subscales in the 22-item Likert-type inventory; emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. Multiple regression analysis and a full-factorial ANOVA were conducted to reveal any possible effects of the four factors on the perceived burnout of the participants. The results revealed that majority of EFL teachers experience diminished personal accomplishment at a high level. Among the four variables, age was the most reliable precursor of burnout; however, the only statistically significant interaction was with depersonalization. The results suggest that EFL teachers need to see more concrete outcomes of their professional effort to improve their sense of personal accomplishment. In addition, as teachers get older, they may be engaged in activities that help them refresh their professional enthusiasm to prevent depersonalization.

Collaborative problem solving (CPS), as a twenty-first century skill, is critically important for both living and life-long learning. Motivation in CPS equates to students' needs to recognize their efforts in collaboration. Given the complexity of CPS contexts, the intertwined relationship among different types of motivations was investigated using a person-centred approach to identify different configural profiles of collaborators based on PSI ([psi]) theory. A total of 9398 Chinese students in 264 schools were included in this study. Latent profile analysis was used to identify four profiles of students with different CPS motivations: "Achievement-oriented cooperator" (n = 773), "Instrument-oriented Cooperator" (n = 1539), "Achievement-oriented nonteam player" (n = 1202), and "Instrument-oriented nonteam player" (n = 5884). Their psychological attributes and CPS behaviours were further analysed, with the following results: (1) achievement-oriented cooperators performed the best, while instrument-oriented nonteam players performed the worst; and (2) students who are achievement-oriented and value collaboration with others are more likely to engage in CPS tasks. These findings provide insights into how different motivational configurations influence CPS behaviours, offering practical implications for enhancing collaboration in educational settings.

This study examines whether family income in early childhood is related to achievements of Israeli students in standardized tests at primary school. We analyzed data from the Israeli censuses of 1995 and 2008, which include information on family income and socio-economic background of children along with data pertaining to their achievements in standardized tests taken in fifth-grade. The findings show that belonging to the lowest quintile of family disposable income in early childhood had a negative and significant effect on future educational achievements, controlling for family income in late childhood and other socio-demographic variables. Furthermore, the effect of family income was stronger when measured at birth -- age two, than at ages 3-5. These findings are consistent with the claim that child development is most sensitive to environmental influences in the very first years of life.

Large-scale assessments are rich sources of data that can inform a diverse range of research questions related to educational policy and practice. For this reason, datasets from large-scale assessments are available to enable secondary analysts to replicate and extend published reports of assessment results. These datasets include multiple imputed values for proficiency, known as "plausible values." Plausible values enable the analysis of achievement in large-scale assessment data with complete-case statistical methods such as t-tests implemented in readily-available statistical software. However, researchers are often challenged by the complex and unfamiliar nature of plausible values, large-scale assessments, and their datasets. Misunderstandings and misuses of plausible values may therefore arise. The aims of this paper are to explain what plausible values are, why plausible values are used in large-scale assessments, and how plausible values should be used in secondary analysis of the data. Also provided are answers to secondary researchers' frequently asked questions about the use of plausible values in analysis gathered by the authors during their experience advising secondary users of these databases.

Background: Female learning of movement in elite combat sports has not been studied enough to date. Literature on movement learning and teaching of complex skills has not, to date, focused on karate, and the scarce literature on the learning of elite karate practitioners mostly does not focus on women. Nevertheless, women fighters participated in karate as an Olympic sport, even if such status was temporary, limited to Tokyo 2020 (2021). Purpose: In an analogy with Iris Marion Young's (1980) publication 'throwing like a girl', our aim in this study was to investigate what it means to learn 'to fight like a "girl"' and if there is a feminine learned fighting style. Methods: We have carried out an ethnographic project focusing, due to the unexpected impact of COVID-19, mainly on interviewing the female Spanish karate team in preparation for the Olympic Games. We interviewed 14 women athletes of the team and their four male coaches twice each and analysed 28 videos of women athletes displaying their best athletic performances, according to themselves. In this article we are focusing on the analysis of 20 videos of the "kumite" modality, then reflecting on this analysis with data from interviews of the four coaches and ten of the athletes, the "kumite" athletes. We developed a series of criteria in order to carry out the task of observation and analysis of the gendered martial-sportive movement supported by the literature, coaches' perspectives and athletes' views. The main concepts derived from the video analysis were the "use of space, restricted movements; absence of melee work; and difficulty in carrying out projections/sweeps. kumite kumite use of space, restricted movements absence of melee work difficulty in carrying out projections/sweeps." Findings: Sports karate is still configured as a (hetero)normative environment, supported in tradition, be that of martial art with its pedagogy and of sport as a male preserve. This context leads to a view of women's learning to perform as inferior to men's, perpetually comparing them, in the hierarchical structure established within the field. Concepts of equality and equity are undermined, and by performing differently, or not matching the male model, women have their performance of some complex movements qualified as a "natural inability." Conclusion: We conclude that there is a feminine way of learning to fight, but only with generalized characteristics since there is a rich plurality of styles among these elite sporting women. For the field, to fight like a "girl" means inferior performance in comparison with men's performance, however, for us, it means really 'to fight', not just on the mat, and we see such comparison as untenable.