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1. Radial Evolution of the April 2020 Stealth Coronal Mass Ejection between 0.8 and 1 AU -- A Comparison of Forbush Decreases at Solar Orbiter and Earth

Author

von Forstner, Johan L. Freiherr, Dumbović, Mateja, Möstl, Christian, Guo, Jingnan, Papaioannou, Athanasios, Elftmann, Robert, Xu, Zigong, Terasa, Jan Christoph, Kollhoff, Alexander, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., Rodríguez-Pacheco, Javier, Weiss, Andreas J., Hinterreiter, Jürgen, Amerstorfer, Tanja, Bauer, Maike, Belov, Anatoly V., Abunina, Maria A., Horbury, Timothy, Davies, Emma E., O'Brien, Helen, Allen, Robert C., Andrews, G. Bruce, Berger, Lars, Boden, Sebastian, Cangas, Ignacio Cernuda, Eldrum, Sandra, Lara, Francisco Espinosa, Herrero, Raúl Gómez, Hayes, John R., Ho, George C., Kulkarni, Shrinivasrao R., Lees, W. Jeffrey, Martín, César, Mason, Glenn M., Pacheco, Daniel, Mateo, Manuel Prieto, Ravanbakhsh, Ali, Polo, Oscar Rodríguez, Prieto, Sebastián Sánchez, Schlemm, Charles E., Seifert, Helmut, Tyagi, Kush, and Yedla, Mahesh

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Aims. We present observations of the first coronal mass ejection (CME) observed at the Solar Orbiter spacecraft on April 19, 2020, and the associated Forbush decrease (FD) measured by its High Energy Telescope (HET). This CME is a multispacecraft event also seen near Earth the next day. Methods. We highlight the capabilities of HET for observing small short-term variations of the galactic cosmic ray count rate using its single detector counters. The analytical ForbMod model is applied to the FD measurements to reproduce the Forbush decrease at both locations. Input parameters for the model are derived from both in situ and remote-sensing observations of the CME. Results. The very slow (~350 km/s) stealth CME caused a FD with an amplitude of 3 % in the low-energy cosmic ray measurements at HET and 2 % in a comparable channel of the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, as well as a 1 % decrease in neutron monitor measurements. Significant differences are observed in the expansion behavior of the CME at different locations, which may be related to influence of the following high speed solar wind stream. Under certain assumptions, ForbMod is able to reproduce the observed FDs in low-energy cosmic ray measurements from HET as well as CRaTER, but with the same input parameters, the results do not agree with the FD amplitudes at higher energies measured by neutron monitors on Earth. We study these discrepancies and provide possible explanations. Conclusions. This study highlights that the novel measurements of the Solar Orbiter can be coordinated with other spacecraft to improve our understanding of space weather in the inner heliosphere. Multi-spacecraft observations combined with data-based modeling are also essential to understand the propagation and evolution of CMEs as well as their space weather impacts., Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2021
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3. Unusual Forbush Decreases and Geomagnetic Storms on 24 March, 2024 and 11 May, 2024.

Author

Mavromichalaki, Helen, Papailiou, Maria-Christina, Livada, Maria, Gerontidou, Maria, Paschalis, Pavlos, Stassinakis, Argyris, Abunina, Maria, Shlyk, Nataly, Abunin, Artem, Belov, Anatoly, Yanke, Victor, Crosby, Norma, Dierckxsens, Mark, and Drube, Line

Subjects
SOLAR energetic particles, GALACTIC cosmic rays, MAGNETIC storms, SPACE environment, EXTREME weather, CORONAL mass ejections, SOLAR cycle
Abstract

As the current solar cycle 25 progresses and moves towards solar maxima, solar activity is increasing and extreme space weather events are taking place. Two severe geomagnetic storms accompanied by two large Forbush decreases in galactic cosmic ray intensity were recorded in March and May, 2024. More precisely, on 24 March 2024, a G4 (according to the NOAA Space Weather Scale for Geomagnetic Storms) geomagnetic storm was registered, with the corresponding geomagnetic indices Kp and Dst equal to 8 and −130 nT, respectively. On the same day, the majority of ground-based neutron monitor stations recorded an unusual Forbush decrease. This event stands out from a typical Forbush decrease because of its high amplitude decrease phase and rapid recovery phase, i.e., 15% decrease and an extremely rapid recovery of 10% within 1.5 h, as recorded at the Oulu neutron monitor station. Furthermore, on 10–13 May 2024, an unusual G5 geomagnetic storm (geomagnetic indices Kp = 9 and Dst = −412 nT) was registered (the last G5 storm had been observed in 2003). In addition, the polar neutron monitor stations recorded a Ground Level Enhancement (GLE74) during the recovery phase of a large Forbush decrease of 15%, which started on 10 May 2024. In this study, a detailed analysis of these two severe events in regard to the accompanying solar activity, interplanetary conditions and solar energetic particle events is provided. Moreover, the results of the NKUA "GLE Alert++ system", the NKUA/IZMIRAN "FD Precursory Signals" method and the NKUA "ap Prediction tool" concerning these events are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Precursory Signs of Large Forbush Decreases in Relation to Cosmic Rays Equatorial Anisotropy Variation.

Author

Papailiou, Maria-Christina, Abunina, Maria, Mavromichalaki, Helen, Shlyk, Nataly, Belov, Semyon, Abunin, Artem, Gerontidou, Maria, Belov, Anatoly, Yanke, Victor, and Triantou, Amalia

Subjects
*GEOMAGNETISM, *SPACE environment, *MAGNETIC storms, *DATABASES, *IONOSPHERE
Abstract

Forbush decreases are usually characterized by increased values of cosmic ray anisotropy. The precursory signs, i.e., pre-increases and especially pre-decreases of the cosmic ray intensity, are highly anisotropic phenomena that ordinarily forewarn of such events. Two Cosmic Ray Groups from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA) and the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radiowave Propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN) have been investigating the existence of precursory signs preceding Forbush decreases in relation to different solar phenomena, interplanetary parameters, and geomagnetic conditions. In this study, large Forbush decreases (magnitude > 5%) accompanied by geomagnetic storms (i.e., geomagnetic index Dst < −100 nT and 5 ≤ Kp-index ≤ 9) and characterized by an equatorial anisotropy 1 h before the onset of the event (Axyb, %) less than 0.8% were examined regarding precursors. In total, 50 events with the aforementioned features were selected and analyzed from the IZMIRAN's Forbush Effects and Interplanetary Disturbances database concerning the time period from 1969 until 2023. The Ring of Stations method, which depicts the cosmic ray variations for various asymptotic longitudes in relation to time, was applied on each event. The results revealed that clear signs of pre-decreases were not present for the majority of the events. Since particularly strong events were considered, most of them still showed some precursory signs, albeit mainly weak. Despite this, the value of Axyb = 0.8% proves to be a good threshold for the manual selection of FDs with well-expressed precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Review of Solar Energetic Particle Prediction Models

Author

Whitman, Kathryn, primary, Egeland, Ricky, additional, Richardson, Ian G., additional, Allison, Clayton, additional, Quinn, Philip, additional, Barzilla, Janet, additional, Kitiashvili, Irina, additional, Sadykov, Viacheslav, additional, Bain, Hazel M., additional, Dierckxsens, Mark, additional, Mays, M. Leila, additional, Tadesse, Tilaye, additional, Lee, Kerry T., additional, Semones, Edward, additional, Luhmann, Janet G., additional, Núñez, Marlon, additional, White, Stephen M., additional, Kahler, Stephen W., additional, Ling, Alan G., additional, Smart, Don F., additional, Shea, Margaret A., additional, Tenishev, Valeriy, additional, Boubrahimi, Soukaina F., additional, Aydin, Berkay, additional, Martens, Petrus, additional, Angryk, Rafal, additional, Marsh, Michael S., additional, Dalla, Silvia, additional, Crosby, Norma, additional, Schwadron, Nathan A., additional, Kozarev, Kamen, additional, Gorby, Matthew, additional, Young, Matthew A., additional, Laurenza, Monica, additional, Cliver, Edward W., additional, Alberti, Tommaso, additional, Stumpo, Mirko, additional, Benella, Simone, additional, Papaioannou, Athanasios, additional, Anastasiadis, Anastasios, additional, Sandberg, Ingmar, additional, Georgoulis, Manolis K., additional, Ji, Anli, additional, Kempton, Dustin, additional, Pandey, Chetraj, additional, Li, Gang, additional, Hu, Junxiang, additional, Zank, Gary P., additional, Lavasa, Eleni, additional, Giannopoulos, Giorgos, additional, Falconer, David, additional, Kadadi, Yash, additional, Fernandes, Ian, additional, Dayeh, Maher A., additional, Muñoz-Jaramillo, Andrés, additional, Chatterjee, Subhamoy, additional, Moreland, Kimberly D., additional, Sokolov, Igor V., additional, Roussev, Ilia I., additional, Taktakishvili, Aleksandre, additional, Effenberger, Frederic, additional, Gombosi, Tamas, additional, Huang, Zhenguang, additional, Zhao, Lulu, additional, Wijsen, Nicolas, additional, Aran, Angels, additional, Poedts, Stefaan, additional, Kouloumvakos, Athanasios, additional, Paassilta, Miikka, additional, Vainio, Rami, additional, Belov, Anatoly, additional, Eroshenko, Eugenia A., additional, Abunina, Maria A., additional, Abunin, Artem A., additional, Balch, Christopher C., additional, Malandraki, Olga, additional, Karavolos, Michalis, additional, Heber, Bernd, additional, Labrenz, Johannes, additional, Kühl, Patrick, additional, Kosovichev, Alexander G., additional, Oria, Vincent, additional, Nita, Gelu M., additional, Illarionov, Egor, additional, O’Keefe, Patrick M., additional, Jiang, Yucheng, additional, Fereira, Sheldon H., additional, Ali, Aatiya, additional, Paouris, Evangelos, additional, Aminalragia-Giamini, Sigiava, additional, Jiggens, Piers, additional, Jin, Meng, additional, Lee, Christina O., additional, Palmerio, Erika, additional, Bruno, Alessandro, additional, Kasapis, Spiridon, additional, Wang, Xiantong, additional, Chen, Yang, additional, Sanahuja, Blai, additional, Lario, David, additional, Jacobs, Carla, additional, Strauss, Du Toit, additional, Steyn, Ruhann, additional, van den Berg, Jabus, additional, Swalwell, Bill, additional, Waterfall, Charlotte, additional, Nedal, Mohamed, additional, Miteva, Rositsa, additional, Dechev, Momchil, additional, Zucca, Pietro, additional, Engell, Alec, additional, Maze, Brianna, additional, Farmer, Harold, additional, Kerber, Thuha, additional, Barnett, Ben, additional, Loomis, Jeremy, additional, Grey, Nathan, additional, Thompson, Barbara J., additional, Linker, Jon A., additional, Caplan, Ronald M., additional, Downs, Cooper, additional, Török, Tibor, additional, Lionello, Roberto, additional, Titov, Viacheslav, additional, Zhang, Ming, additional, and Hosseinzadeh, Pouya, additional

Published
2023
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8. Review of Solar Energetic Particle Models

Author

Whitman, Kathryn, Egeland, Ricky, Richardson, Ian G, Allison, Clayton, Quinn, Philip, Barzilla, Janet, Kitiashvili, Irina, Sadykov, Viacheslav, Bain, Hazel M, Dierckxsens, Mark, Mays, M Leila, Tadesse, Tilaye, Lee, Kerry T, Semones, Edward, Luhmann, Janet G, Nunez, Marlon, White, Stephen M, Kahler, Stephen W, Ling, Alan G, Smart, Don F, Shea, Margaret A, Tenishev, Valeriy, Soukaina F, Boubrahimi, Aydin, Berkay, Martens, Petrus, Angryk, Rafal, Marsh, Michael S, Dalla, Silvia, Crosby, Norma, Schwadron, Nathan A, Kozarev, Kamen, Gorby, Matthew, Young, Matthew A, Laurenza, Monica, Cliver, Edward W, Alberti, Tommaso, Stumpo, Mirko, Benella, Simone, Papaioannou, Athanasios, Anastasiadis, Anastasios, Sandberg, Ingmar, Georgoulis, Manolis K, Ji, Anli, Kempton, Dustin, Pandey, Chetraj, Li, Gang, Hu, Junxiang, Zank, Gary P, Lavasa, Eleni, Giannopoulos, Giorgos, Falconer, David, Kadadi, Yash, Fernandes, Ian, Dayeh, Maher A, Munoz-Jaramillo, Andres, Chatterjee, Subhamoy, Moreland, Kimberly D, Sokolov, Igor V, Roussec, Ilia I, Taktakishvili, Aleksandre, Effenberger, Frederic, Gombosi, Tamas, Huang, Zhenguang, Zhao, Lulu, Wijsen, Nicolas, Aran, Angels, Poedts, Stefaan, Kouloumvakos, Athanasios, Paassilita, Miikka, Vainio, Rami, Belov, Anatoly, Eroshenko, Eugenia A, Abunina, Maria A, Abunin, Artem A, Balch, Christopher C, Malandraki, Olga, Karavolos, Michalis, Herber, Bernd, Labrenz, Johannes, Kühl, Patrick, Kosovichev, Alexander G, Oria, Vincent, Nita, Gelu M, Illarionov, Egor, O'Keefe, PAtrick M, Jiang, Yucheng, Fereira, Sheldon H, Ali, Aatiya, Paouris, Evangelos, Aminalfragia-Giamini, Sigiava, Jiggens, Piers, Jin, Meng, Lee, Christina O, Palmerio, Erika, Bruno, Alessandro, Kasapis, Spiridon, Wang, Xiantong, Cheng, Yang, Sanahuja, Blai, Lario, David, Jacobs, Carla, Strauss, Du Toit, Steyn, Ruhann, den Berg van, Jabus, Swalwell, Bill, Waterfall, Charlotte, Nedal, Mohamed, Miteva, Rositsa, Dechev, Momchil, Zucca, Pietro, Engell, Alec, Maze, Brianna, Farmer, Harold, Kerber, Thuha, Barnett, Ben, Loomis, Jeremy, Grey, Nathan, Thompson, Barbara J, Linker, Jon A, Caplan, Ronald M, Downs, Cooper, Török, Tibor, Linello, Roberto, Titov, Viacheslav, Zhang, Ming, Hosseinzadeh, Pouya, Whitman, Kathryn, Egeland, Ricky, Richardson, Ian G, Allison, Clayton, Quinn, Philip, Barzilla, Janet, Kitiashvili, Irina, Sadykov, Viacheslav, Bain, Hazel M, Dierckxsens, Mark, Mays, M Leila, Tadesse, Tilaye, Lee, Kerry T, Semones, Edward, Luhmann, Janet G, Nunez, Marlon, White, Stephen M, Kahler, Stephen W, Ling, Alan G, Smart, Don F, Shea, Margaret A, Tenishev, Valeriy, Soukaina F, Boubrahimi, Aydin, Berkay, Martens, Petrus, Angryk, Rafal, Marsh, Michael S, Dalla, Silvia, Crosby, Norma, Schwadron, Nathan A, Kozarev, Kamen, Gorby, Matthew, Young, Matthew A, Laurenza, Monica, Cliver, Edward W, Alberti, Tommaso, Stumpo, Mirko, Benella, Simone, Papaioannou, Athanasios, Anastasiadis, Anastasios, Sandberg, Ingmar, Georgoulis, Manolis K, Ji, Anli, Kempton, Dustin, Pandey, Chetraj, Li, Gang, Hu, Junxiang, Zank, Gary P, Lavasa, Eleni, Giannopoulos, Giorgos, Falconer, David, Kadadi, Yash, Fernandes, Ian, Dayeh, Maher A, Munoz-Jaramillo, Andres, Chatterjee, Subhamoy, Moreland, Kimberly D, Sokolov, Igor V, Roussec, Ilia I, Taktakishvili, Aleksandre, Effenberger, Frederic, Gombosi, Tamas, Huang, Zhenguang, Zhao, Lulu, Wijsen, Nicolas, Aran, Angels, Poedts, Stefaan, Kouloumvakos, Athanasios, Paassilita, Miikka, Vainio, Rami, Belov, Anatoly, Eroshenko, Eugenia A, Abunina, Maria A, Abunin, Artem A, Balch, Christopher C, Malandraki, Olga, Karavolos, Michalis, Herber, Bernd, Labrenz, Johannes, Kühl, Patrick, Kosovichev, Alexander G, Oria, Vincent, Nita, Gelu M, Illarionov, Egor, O'Keefe, PAtrick M, Jiang, Yucheng, Fereira, Sheldon H, Ali, Aatiya, Paouris, Evangelos, Aminalfragia-Giamini, Sigiava, Jiggens, Piers, Jin, Meng, Lee, Christina O, Palmerio, Erika, Bruno, Alessandro, Kasapis, Spiridon, Wang, Xiantong, Cheng, Yang, Sanahuja, Blai, Lario, David, Jacobs, Carla, Strauss, Du Toit, Steyn, Ruhann, den Berg van, Jabus, Swalwell, Bill, Waterfall, Charlotte, Nedal, Mohamed, Miteva, Rositsa, Dechev, Momchil, Zucca, Pietro, Engell, Alec, Maze, Brianna, Farmer, Harold, Kerber, Thuha, Barnett, Ben, Loomis, Jeremy, Grey, Nathan, Thompson, Barbara J, Linker, Jon A, Caplan, Ronald M, Downs, Cooper, Török, Tibor, Linello, Roberto, Titov, Viacheslav, Zhang, Ming, and Hosseinzadeh, Pouya

Abstract

Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) events are interesting from a scientific perspective as they are the product of a broad set of physical processes from the corona out through the extent of the heliosphere, and provide insight into processes of particle acceleration and transport that are widely applicable in astrophysics. From the operations perspective, SEP events pose a radiation hazard for aviation, electronics in space, and human space exploration, in particular for missions outside of the Earth’s protective magnetosphere including to the Moon and Mars. Thus, it is critical to imific understanding of SEP events and use this understanding to develop and improve SEP forecasting capabilities to support operations. Many SEP models exist or are in development using a wide variety of approaches and with differing goals. These include computationally intensive physics-based models, fast and light empirical models, machine learning-based models, and mixed-model approaches. The aim of this paper is to summarize all of the SEP models currently developed in the scientific community, including a description of model approach, inputs and outputs, free parameters, and any published validations or comparisons with data.

Published
2023

9. Comparison of Atmospheric Ionization for Solar Proton Events of the Last Three Solar Cycles.

Author

Maurchev, Eugene A., Shlyk, Nataly S., Dmitriev, Alexey V., Abunina, Maria A., Didenko, Kseniia A., Abunin, Artem A., and Belov, Anatoly V.

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC ionization, SOLAR energetic particles, CORONAL mass ejections, RADIO wave propagation, SOLAR spectra, SOLAR cycle
Abstract

Numerical modeling of primary cosmic ray protons' transport through the Earth's atmosphere was performed for the energy spectra of solar energetic particle events (SEPs). Several events in the last three solar cycles were considered. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of coronal mass ejections and primary proton fluxes was carried out. The main results were quantitative estimates of the calculated atmospheric ionization count rate for a wide range of altitudes (from sea level up to 98 km). The difference in the influence of solar protons on the Earth's atmosphere is considered for seven SEPs divided into three groups with similar solar sources (X-flare magnitude and coordinates) but with different characteristics of accelerated particle fluxes. The data obtained in this work are very important for future studies of radio wave propagation, atmospheric chemistry and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. A Method for the Ambient Equivalent Dose Estimation in a Wide Range of Altitudes during SEP and GLE Events.

Author

Maurchev, Eugene, Shlyk, Nataly, Abunina, Maria, Abunin, Artem, Belov, Anatoly, and Didenko, Kseniia

Subjects
ALTITUDES, INTERPLANETARY medium, SOLAR energetic particles, ATMOSPHERE, REFERENCE values
Abstract

The paper considers the modeling of proton transport through the Earth's atmosphere during several SEP events (12 August 1989, 23 March 1991, and 8 November 2000), as well as during the GLE73 event. Solar sources and interplanetary medium conditions during these events are described in detail. Calculations are carried out using own model implemented with GEANT4. As the main results, quantitative estimates of the calculated ambient dose equivalent for altitudes in a wide range (also including civil aircraft flight altitudes of 10–11 km) for the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity values Rc = 0.13 GV are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Review of Solar Energetic Particle Models

Author

Whitman, Kathryn, Egeland, Ricky, Richardson, Ian G, Allison, Clayton, Quinn, Philip, Barzilla, Janet, Kitiashvili, Irina, Sadykov, Viacheslav, Bain, Hazel M, Dierckxsens, Mark, Mays, M Leila, Tadesse, Tilaye, Lee, Kerry T, Semones, Edward, Luhmann, Janet G, Nunez, Marlon, White, Stephen M, Kahler, Stephen W, Ling, Alan G, Smart, Don F, Shea, Margaret A, Tenishev, Valeriy, Soukaina F, Boubrahimi, Aydin, Berkay, Martens, Petrus, Angryk, Rafal, Marsh, Michael S, Dalla, Silvia, Crosby, Norma, Schwadron, Nathan A, Kozarev, Kamen, Gorby, Matthew, Young, Matthew A, Laurenza, Monica, Cliver, Edward W, Alberti, Tommaso, Stumpo, Mirko, Benella, Simone, Papaioannou, Athanasios, Anastasiadis, Anastasios, Sandberg, Ingmar, Georgoulis, Manolis K, Ji, Anli, Kempton, Dustin, Pandey, Chetraj, Li, Gang, Hu, Junxiang, Zank, Gary P, Lavasa, Eleni, Giannopoulos, Giorgos, Falconer, David, Kadadi, Yash, Fernandes, Ian, Dayeh, Maher A, Munoz-Jaramillo, Andres, Chatterjee, Subhamoy, Moreland, Kimberly D, Sokolov, Igor V, Roussec, Ilia I, Taktakishvili, Aleksandre, Effenberger, Frederic, Gombosi, Tamas, Huang, Zhenguang, Zhao, Lulu, Wijsen, Nicolas, Aran, Angels, Poedts, Stefaan, Kouloumvakos, Athanasios, Paassilita, Miikka, Vainio, Rami, Belov, Anatoly, Eroshenko, Eugenia A, Abunina, Maria A, Abunin, Artem A, Balch, Christopher C, Malandraki, Olga, Karavolos, Michalis, Herber, Bernd, Labrenz, Johannes, Kühl, Patrick, Kosovichev, Alexander G, Oria, Vincent, Nita, Gelu M, Illarionov, Egor, O'Keefe, PAtrick M, Jiang, Yucheng, Fereira, Sheldon H, Ali, Aatiya, Paouris, Evangelos, Aminalfragia-Giamini, Sigiava, Jiggens, Piers, Jin, Meng, Lee, Christina O, Palmerio, Erika, Bruno, Alessandro, Kasapis, Spiridon, Wang, Xiantong, Cheng, Yang, Sanahuja, Blai, Lario, David, Jacobs, Carla, Strauss, Du Toit, Steyn, Ruhann, den Berg van, Jabus, Swalwell, Bill, Waterfall, Charlotte, Nedal, Mohamed, Miteva, Rositsa, Dechev, Momchil, Zucca, Pietro, Engell, Alec, Maze, Brianna, Farmer, Harold, Kerber, Thuha, Barnett, Ben, Loomis, Jeremy, Grey, Nathan, Thompson, Barbara J, Linker, Jon A, Caplan, Ronald M, Downs, Cooper, Török, Tibor, Linello, Roberto, Titov, Viacheslav, Zhang, Ming, Hosseinzadeh, Pouya, Whitman, Kathryn, Egeland, Ricky, Richardson, Ian G, Allison, Clayton, Quinn, Philip, Barzilla, Janet, Kitiashvili, Irina, Sadykov, Viacheslav, Bain, Hazel M, Dierckxsens, Mark, Mays, M Leila, Tadesse, Tilaye, Lee, Kerry T, Semones, Edward, Luhmann, Janet G, Nunez, Marlon, White, Stephen M, Kahler, Stephen W, Ling, Alan G, Smart, Don F, Shea, Margaret A, Tenishev, Valeriy, Soukaina F, Boubrahimi, Aydin, Berkay, Martens, Petrus, Angryk, Rafal, Marsh, Michael S, Dalla, Silvia, Crosby, Norma, Schwadron, Nathan A, Kozarev, Kamen, Gorby, Matthew, Young, Matthew A, Laurenza, Monica, Cliver, Edward W, Alberti, Tommaso, Stumpo, Mirko, Benella, Simone, Papaioannou, Athanasios, Anastasiadis, Anastasios, Sandberg, Ingmar, Georgoulis, Manolis K, Ji, Anli, Kempton, Dustin, Pandey, Chetraj, Li, Gang, Hu, Junxiang, Zank, Gary P, Lavasa, Eleni, Giannopoulos, Giorgos, Falconer, David, Kadadi, Yash, Fernandes, Ian, Dayeh, Maher A, Munoz-Jaramillo, Andres, Chatterjee, Subhamoy, Moreland, Kimberly D, Sokolov, Igor V, Roussec, Ilia I, Taktakishvili, Aleksandre, Effenberger, Frederic, Gombosi, Tamas, Huang, Zhenguang, Zhao, Lulu, Wijsen, Nicolas, Aran, Angels, Poedts, Stefaan, Kouloumvakos, Athanasios, Paassilita, Miikka, Vainio, Rami, Belov, Anatoly, Eroshenko, Eugenia A, Abunina, Maria A, Abunin, Artem A, Balch, Christopher C, Malandraki, Olga, Karavolos, Michalis, Herber, Bernd, Labrenz, Johannes, Kühl, Patrick, Kosovichev, Alexander G, Oria, Vincent, Nita, Gelu M, Illarionov, Egor, O'Keefe, PAtrick M, Jiang, Yucheng, Fereira, Sheldon H, Ali, Aatiya, Paouris, Evangelos, Aminalfragia-Giamini, Sigiava, Jiggens, Piers, Jin, Meng, Lee, Christina O, Palmerio, Erika, Bruno, Alessandro, Kasapis, Spiridon, Wang, Xiantong, Cheng, Yang, Sanahuja, Blai, Lario, David, Jacobs, Carla, Strauss, Du Toit, Steyn, Ruhann, den Berg van, Jabus, Swalwell, Bill, Waterfall, Charlotte, Nedal, Mohamed, Miteva, Rositsa, Dechev, Momchil, Zucca, Pietro, Engell, Alec, Maze, Brianna, Farmer, Harold, Kerber, Thuha, Barnett, Ben, Loomis, Jeremy, Grey, Nathan, Thompson, Barbara J, Linker, Jon A, Caplan, Ronald M, Downs, Cooper, Török, Tibor, Linello, Roberto, Titov, Viacheslav, Zhang, Ming, and Hosseinzadeh, Pouya

Abstract

Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) events are interesting from a scientific perspective as they are the product of a broad set of physical processes from the corona out through the extent of the heliosphere, and provide insight into processes of particle acceleration and transport that are widely applicable in astrophysics. From the operations perspective, SEP events pose a radiation hazard for aviation, electronics in space, and human space exploration, in particular for missions outside of the Earth’s protective magnetosphere including to the Moon and Mars. Thus, it is critical to imific understanding of SEP events and use this understanding to develop and improve SEP forecasting capabilities to support operations. Many SEP models exist or are in development using a wide variety of approaches and with differing goals. These include computationally intensive physics-based models, fast and light empirical models, machine learning-based models, and mixed-model approaches. The aim of this paper is to summarize all of the SEP models currently developed in the scientific community, including a description of model approach, inputs and outputs, free parameters, and any published validations or comparisons with data.

Published
2022

15. Radial evolution of the April 2020 stealth coronal mass ejection between 0.8 and 1 AU

Author

Freiherr von Forstner, Johan L., primary, Dumbović, Mateja, additional, Möstl, Christian, additional, Guo, Jingnan, additional, Papaioannou, Athanasios, additional, Elftmann, Robert, additional, Xu, Zigong, additional, Christoph Terasa, Jan, additional, Kollhoff, Alexander, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., additional, Rodríguez-Pacheco, Javier, additional, Weiss, Andreas J., additional, Hinterreiter, Jürgen, additional, Amerstorfer, Tanja, additional, Bauer, Maike, additional, Belov, Anatoly V., additional, Abunina, Maria A., additional, Horbury, Timothy, additional, Davies, Emma E., additional, O’Brien, Helen, additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Bruce Andrews, G., additional, Berger, Lars, additional, Boden, Sebastian, additional, Cernuda Cangas, Ignacio, additional, Eldrum, Sandra, additional, Espinosa Lara, Francisco, additional, Gómez Herrero, Raúl, additional, Hayes, John R., additional, Ho, George C., additional, Kulkarni, Shrinivasrao R., additional, Jeffrey Lees, W., additional, Martín, César, additional, Mason, Glenn M., additional, Pacheco, Daniel, additional, Prieto Mateo, Manuel, additional, Ravanbakhsh, Ali, additional, Rodríguez Polo, Oscar, additional, Sánchez Prieto, Sebastián, additional, Schlemm, Charles E., additional, Seifert, Helmut, additional, Tyagi, Kush, additional, and Yedla, Mahesh, additional

Published
2021
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16. Precursory signals of Forbush decreases with and without shock wave

Author

Lingri, Dimitra, Mavromichalaki, Helen, Abunina, Maria, Belov, Anatoly V., and Eroshenko, Eugenia A.

Subjects
precursory signals, article, ddc:6, ddc:530, Forbush decreases, ddc:600, cosmic ray intensity, neutron monitors, ddc:5
Abstract

Many previous studies have shown that before the beginning of a Forbush Decrease (FD) of the cosmic ray intensity, a precursor signal can be observed. All these surveys were focused on FDs that are associated with a sudden storm com- mencement (SSC). In this work we demonstrate that precursors could also be observed in events without a SSC that is determined by an abrupt increase of the interplanetary magnetic field. The type of precursory signals and their diversity among the events are the main purpose of this study. We try to figure out similarities and differences on the signals and the associated events from both categories in the last fifty years, from 1969 to 2019, using the same selection criteria of the under investigation FDs. Simultaneously the orientation of the upcoming solar disturbances in comparison to the way they configure the increase of the interplanetary magnetic field and create these signals are discussed.

Published
2021

17. NMDB@Home: 1st virtual symposium on cosmic ray studies with neutron detectors

Author

Abunina, Maria, Bütikofer, Rolf, Klein, Karl Ludwig, Kryakunova, Olga, Laurenza, Monika, Ruffolo, David, Sapundjiev, Danislav, Steigies, Christian, and Usoskin, Iliya

Subjects
Solar-Heliospheric Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, article, ddc:6, ddc:530, Space Weather, ddc:600, Cosmic Rays, ddc:5, Neutron Detectors
Abstract

An overview on the presentations at the first virtual symposium on cosmic ray studies with neutron detectors is given. The meeting was held online in July 2020. Neutron detectors on ground are shown to provide significant contributions to research on interactions of galactic cosmic rays with magnetic fields in the Heliosphere and on the acceleration of energetic particles, as well as to a growing range of applications, including geophysics and space weather. The advent of easily accessible databases makes original data easily available to a large user community. The present overview outlines and introduces the more detailed articles contained in the proceedings.

Published
2021

18. NMDB@Home

Author

Abunina, Maria, primary, Bütikofer, Rolf, primary, Klein, Karl-Ludwig, primary, Laurenza, Monica, primary, Ruffolo, David, primary, Sapundjiev, Danislav, primary, and Steigies, Christian T., primary

Published
2021
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20. On the Rigidity Spectrum of Cosmic-Ray Variations within Propagating Interplanetary Disturbances: Neutron Monitor and SOHO/EPHIN Observations at ∼1–10 GV

Author

Belov, Anatoly, primary, Papaioannou, Athanasios, additional, Abunina, Maria, additional, Dumbovic, Mateja, additional, Richardson, Ian G., additional, Heber, Bernd, additional, Kuhl, Patrick, additional, Herbst, Konstantin, additional, Anastasiadis, Anastasios, additional, Vourlidas, Angelos, additional, Eroshenko, Eugenia, additional, and Abunin, Artem, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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