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1. IL-2 can signal via chemokine receptors to promote regulatory T cells’ suppressive function

Author

Sun, Hao, Lee, Ho-Sup, Kim, Sarah Hyun-Ji, de Lima, Mikhael Fernandes, Gingras, Alexandre R, Du, Qinyi, McLaughlin, Wilma, Ablack, Jailail, Lopez-Ramirez, Miguel A, Lagarrigue, Frederic, Fan, Zhichao, Chang, John T, VanDyke, Derek, Spangler, Jamie B, and Ginsberg, Mark H

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Neurodegenerative, Neurosciences, Aetiology, Underpinning research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Inflammatory and immune system, Mice, Animals, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Interleukin-2, Receptors, Chemokine, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, Receptors, Interleukin-2, Signal Transduction, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Forkhead Transcription Factors, CD25, CP: Immunology, IL-2, IL-2 receptor, autoimmunity, chemokine receptor, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, heparan sulfate, integrins, regulatory T cells, signal transduction, Medical Physiology, Biological sciences
Abstract

Canonical interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling via the high-affinity CD25-containing IL-2 receptor-Janus kinase (JAK)1,3-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathway is essential for development and maintenance of CD4+CD25HiFoxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) that support immune homeostasis. Here, we report that IL-2 signaling via an alternative CD25-chemokine receptor pathway promotes the suppressive function of Tregs. Using an antibody against CD25 that biases IL-2 signaling toward this alternative pathway, we establish that this pathway increases the suppressive activity of Tregs and ameliorates murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Furthermore, heparan sulfate, an IL-2-binding element of cell surfaces and extracellular matrix, or an engineered IL-2 immunocytokine can also direct IL-2 signaling toward this alternative pathway. Overall, these data reveal a non-canonical mechanism for IL-2 signaling that promotes suppressive functions of Tregs, further elucidates how IL-2 supports immune homeostasis, and suggests approaches to promote or suppress Treg functions.

Published
2023

2. A Novel Hypomorphic Apex1 Mouse Model Implicates Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Oxidative DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Epithelial Cells

Author

Rios-Covian, David, Butcher, Lindsay D, Ablack, Amber L, Hartog, Gerco den, Matsubara, Mason T, Ly, Hong, Oates, Andrew W, Xu, Guorong, Fisch, Kathleen M, Ahrens, Eric T, Toden, Shusuke, Brown, Corrie C, Kim, Kenneth, Le, Dzung, Eckmann, Lars, Dhar, Bithika, Izumi, Tadahide, Ernst, Peter B, and Crowe, Sheila E

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, Digestive Diseases, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Mice, Animals, DNA Repair, Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, Oxidation-Reduction, Disease Models, Animal, DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase, Stomach, Endonucleases, Apex1, APE1, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell differentiation, embryonic development, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Abstract

Aims: Though best known for its role in oxidative DNA damage repair, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein that regulates multiple host responses during oxidative stress, including the reductive activation of transcription factors. As knockout of the APE1-encoding gene, Apex1, is embryonically lethal, we sought to create a viable model with generalized inhibition of APE1 expression. Results: A hypomorphic (HM) mouse with decreased APE1 expression throughout the body was generated using a construct containing a neomycin resistance (NeoR) cassette knocked into the Apex1 site. Offspring were assessed for APE1 expression, breeding efficiency, and morphology with a focused examination of DNA damage in the stomach. Heterozygotic breeding pairs yielded 50% fewer HM mice than predicted by Mendelian genetics. APE1 expression was reduced up to 90% in the lungs, heart, stomach, and spleen. The HM offspring were typically smaller, and most had a malformed tail. Oxidative DNA damage was increased spontaneously in the stomachs of HM mice. Further, all changes were reversed when the NeoR cassette was removed. Primary gastric epithelial cells from HM mice differentiated more quickly and had more evidence of oxidative DNA damage after stimulation with Helicobacter pylori or a chemical carcinogen than control lines from wildtype mice. Innovation: A HM mouse with decreased APE1 expression throughout the body was generated and extensively characterized. Conclusion: The results suggest that HM mice enable studies of APE1's multiple functions throughout the body. The detailed characterization of the stomach showed that gastric epithelial cells from HM were more susceptible to DNA damage. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 183-197.

Published
2023

3. Safe and effective in vivo delivery of DNA and RNA using proteolipid vehicles

Author

Brown, Douglas W., Wee, Ping, Bhandari, Prakash, Bukhari, Amirali, Grin, Liliya, Vega, Hector, Hejazi, Maryam, Sosnowski, Deborah, Ablack, Jailal, Clancy, Eileen K., Pink, Desmond, Kumar, Jitendra, Solis Ares, Maria Paola, Lamb, Suellen, Quevedo, Rodrigo, Rawal, Bijal, Elian, Fahed, Rana, Natasha, Morales, Luis, Govindasamy, Natasha, Todd, Brendan, Delmage, Angela, Gupta, Somnath, McMullen, Nichole, MacKenzie, Duncan, Beatty, Perrin H., Garcia, Henry, Parmar, Manoj, Gyoba, Jennifer, McAllister, Chandra, Scholz, Matthew, Duncan, Roy, Raturi, Arun, and Lewis, John D.

Published
2024
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4. Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 Restricts the Internalization of Bacteria Into Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Through the Inhibition of Rac1

Author

Hartog, Gerco den, Butcher, Lindsay D, Ablack, Amber L, Pace, Laura A, Ablack, Jailal NG, Xiong, Richard, Das, Soumita, Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S, Eckmann, Lars, Ernst, Peter B, and Crowe, Sheila E

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Cancer, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Colon, DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase, Epithelial Cells, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections, HT29 Cells, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Salmonella Infections, Salmonella typhimurium, rac1 GTP-Binding Protein, intestinal epithelial barrier, invasion, internalization, Rac1, Salmonella Typhimurium, AIEC LF82 strain, apurinic, apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, Immunology, Biochemistry and cell biology, Genetics
Abstract

Pathogenic intestinal bacteria lead to significant disease in humans. Here we investigated the role of the multifunctional protein, Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), in regulating the internalization of bacteria into the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal tumor-cell lines and primary human epithelial cells were infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. The effects of APE1 inhibition on bacterial internalization, the regulation of Rho GTPase Rac1 as well as the epithelial cell barrier function were assessed. Increased numbers of bacteria were present in APE1-deficient colonic tumor cell lines and primary epithelial cells. Activation of Rac1 was augmented following infection but negatively regulated by APE1. Pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 reversed the increase in intracellular bacteria in APE1-deficient cells whereas overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 augmented the numbers in APE1-competent cells. Enhanced numbers of intracellular bacteria resulted in the loss of barrier function and a delay in its recovery. Our data demonstrate that APE1 inhibits the internalization of invasive bacteria into human intestinal epithelial cells through its ability to negatively regulate Rac1. This activity also protects epithelial cell barrier function.

Published
2021

6. Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 Restricts the Internalization of Bacteria Into Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Through the Inhibition of Rac1.

Author

den Hartog, Gerco, Butcher, Lindsay D, Ablack, Amber L, Pace, Laura A, Ablack, Jailal NG, Xiong, Richard, Das, Soumita, Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S, Eckmann, Lars, Ernst, Peter B, and Crowe, Sheila E

Subjects
AIEC LF82 strain, Rac1, Salmonella Typhimurium, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, internalization, intestinal epithelial barrier, invasion, apurinic, apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, Immunology, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

Pathogenic intestinal bacteria lead to significant disease in humans. Here we investigated the role of the multifunctional protein, Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), in regulating the internalization of bacteria into the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal tumor-cell lines and primary human epithelial cells were infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. The effects of APE1 inhibition on bacterial internalization, the regulation of Rho GTPase Rac1 as well as the epithelial cell barrier function were assessed. Increased numbers of bacteria were present in APE1-deficient colonic tumor cell lines and primary epithelial cells. Activation of Rac1 was augmented following infection but negatively regulated by APE1. Pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 reversed the increase in intracellular bacteria in APE1-deficient cells whereas overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 augmented the numbers in APE1-competent cells. Enhanced numbers of intracellular bacteria resulted in the loss of barrier function and a delay in its recovery. Our data demonstrate that APE1 inhibits the internalization of invasive bacteria into human intestinal epithelial cells through its ability to negatively regulate Rac1. This activity also protects epithelial cell barrier function.

Published
2020

7. MARCH Proteins Mediate Responses to Antitumor Antibodies.

Author

Ablack, Jailal N, Ortiz, Jesus, Bajaj, Jeevisha, Trinh, Kathleen, Lagarrigue, Frederic, Cantor, Joseph M, Reya, Tannishtha, and Ginsberg, Mark H

Subjects
Cancer, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antigens, Neoplasm, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Cell Proliferation, Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain, Gene Knockout Techniques, HeLa Cells, Humans, Jurkat Cells, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Neoplasms, Proteolysis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met, T-Lymphocytes, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Ubiquitination, Hela Cells, Immunology
Abstract

CD98, which is required for the rapid proliferation of both normal and cancer cells, and MET, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, are potential targets for therapeutic antitumor Abs. In this study, we report that the antiproliferative activity of a prototype anti-CD98 Ab, UM7F8, is due to Ab-induced membrane-associated ring CH (MARCH) E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated ubiquitination and downregulation of cell surface CD98. MARCH1-mediated ubiquitination of CD98 is required for UM7F8's capacity to reduce CD98 surface expression and its capacity to inhibit the proliferation of murine T cells. Similarly, CD98 ubiquitination is required for UM7F8's capacity to block the colony-forming ability of murine leukemia-initiating cells. To test the potential generality of the paradigm that MARCH E3 ligases can mediate the antiproliferative response to antitumor Abs, we examined the potential effects of MARCH proteins on responses to emibetuzumab, an anti-MET Ab currently in clinical trials for various cancers. We report that MET surface expression is reduced by MARCH1, 4, or 8-mediated ubiquitination and that emibetuzumab-induced MET ubiquitination contributes to its capacity to downregulate MET and inhibit human tumor cell proliferation. Thus, MARCH E3 ligases can act as cofactors for antitumor Abs that target cell surface proteins, suggesting that the MARCH protein repertoire of cells is a determinant of their response to such Abs.

Published
2020

8. GIV•Kindlin Interaction Is Required for Kindlin-Mediated Integrin Recognition and Activation

Author

Rohena, Cristina, Kalogriopoulos, Nicholas, Rajapakse, Navin, Roy, Suchismita, Lopez-Sanchez, Inmaculada, Ablack, Jailal, Sahoo, Debashis, and Ghosh, Pradipta

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Cancer, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology
Abstract

Cells perceive and respond to the extracellular matrix via integrin receptors; their dysregulation has been implicated in inflammation and cancer metastasis. Here we show that a guanine nucleotide-exchange modulator of trimeric-GTPase Gαi, GIV (a.k.a Girdin), directly binds the integrin adaptor Kindlin-2. A non-canonical short linear motif within the C terminus of GIV binds Kindlin-2-FERM3 domain at a site that is distinct from the binding site for the canonical NPxY motif on the -integrin tail. Binding of GIV to Kindlin-2 allosterically enhances Kindlin-2's affinity for β1-integrin. Consequently, integrin activation and clustering are maximized, which augments cell adhesion, spreading, and invasion. Findings elucidate how the GIV•Kindlin-2 complex has a 2-fold impact: it allosterically synergizes integrin activation and enables β1-integrins to indirectly access and modulate trimeric GTPases via the complex. Furthermore, Cox proportional-hazard models on tumor transcriptomics provide trans-scale evidence of synergistic interactions between GIV•Kindlin-2•β1-integrin on time to progression to metastasis.

Published
2020

10. IL-2 can signal via chemokine receptors to promote regulatory T cells’ suppressive function

Author

Hao Sun, Ho-Sup Lee, Sarah Hyun-Ji Kim, Mikhael Fernandes de Lima, Alexandre R. Gingras, Qinyi Du, Wilma McLaughlin, Jailail Ablack, Miguel A. Lopez-Ramirez, Frederic Lagarrigue, Zhichao Fan, John T. Chang, Derek VanDyke, Jamie B. Spangler, and Mark H. Ginsberg

Subjects
CP: Immunology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Summary: Canonical interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling via the high-affinity CD25-containing IL-2 receptor-Janus kinase (JAK)1,3-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathway is essential for development and maintenance of CD4+CD25HiFoxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) that support immune homeostasis. Here, we report that IL-2 signaling via an alternative CD25-chemokine receptor pathway promotes the suppressive function of Tregs. Using an antibody against CD25 that biases IL-2 signaling toward this alternative pathway, we establish that this pathway increases the suppressive activity of Tregs and ameliorates murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Furthermore, heparan sulfate, an IL-2-binding element of cell surfaces and extracellular matrix, or an engineered IL-2 immunocytokine can also direct IL-2 signaling toward this alternative pathway. Overall, these data reveal a non-canonical mechanism for IL-2 signaling that promotes suppressive functions of Tregs, further elucidates how IL-2 supports immune homeostasis, and suggests approaches to promote or suppress Treg functions.

Published
2023
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11. Integrin Activation Controls Regulatory T Cell–Mediated Peripheral Tolerance

Author

Klann, Jane E, Kim, Stephanie H, Remedios, Kelly A, He, Zhaoren, Metz, Patrick J, Lopez, Justine, Tysl, Tiffani, Olvera, Jocelyn G, Ablack, Jailal N, Cantor, Joseph M, Boland, Brigid S, Yeo, Gene, Zheng, Ye, Lu, Li-Fan, Bui, Jack D, Ginsberg, Mark H, Petrich, Brian G, and Chang, John T

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Prevention, Autoimmune Disease, Aetiology, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Animals, Autoimmunity, Inflammation, Integrins, Mice, Peripheral Tolerance, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Talin, Transcriptome, Immunology, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract

Maintenance of the regulatory T (Treg) cell pool is essential for peripheral tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. Integrins, heterodimeric transmembrane proteins consisting of α and β subunits that mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions, play an important role in facilitating Treg cell contact-mediated suppression. In this article, we show that integrin activation plays an essential, previously unappreciated role in maintaining murine Treg cell function. Treg cell-specific loss of talin, a β integrin-binding protein, or expression of talin(L325R), a mutant that selectively abrogates integrin activation, resulted in lethal systemic autoimmunity. This dysfunction could be attributed, in part, to a global dysregulation of the Treg cell transcriptome. Activation of integrin α4β1 led to increased suppressive capacity of the Treg cell pool, suggesting that modulating integrin activation on Treg cells may be a useful therapeutic strategy for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Taken together, these results reveal a critical role for integrin-mediated signals in controlling peripheral tolerance by virtue of maintaining Treg cell function.

Published
2018

13. CD98-Mediated Adhesive Signaling Enables the Establishment and Propagation of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Author

Bajaj, Jeevisha, Konuma, Takaaki, Lytle, Nikki K, Kwon, Hyog Young, Ablack, Jailal N, Cantor, Joseph M, Rizzieri, David, Chuah, Charles, Oehler, Vivian G, Broome, Elizabeth H, Ball, Edward D, van der Horst, Edward H, Ginsberg, Mark H, and Reya, Tannishtha

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Hematology, Pediatric, Childhood Leukemia, Pediatric Cancer, Pediatric Research Initiative, Rare Diseases, Cancer, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Animals, Antibodies, Cell Adhesion, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Fusion Regulatory Protein-1, Gene Knockout Techniques, Humans, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Mice, Neoplasm Transplantation, Neoplastic Stem Cells, CD98, SLC3A2, acute myelogenous leukemia, adhesion, cancer, cancer stem cell, imaging, integrin, leukemia, microenvironment, Neurosciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Biochemistry and cell biology, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease associated with drug resistance and relapse. To improve therapeutic strategies, it is critical to better understand the mechanisms that underlie AML progression. Here we show that the integrin binding glycoprotein CD98 plays a central role in AML. CD98 promotes AML propagation and lethality by driving engagement of leukemia cells with their microenvironment and maintaining leukemic stem cells. Further, delivery of a humanized anti-CD98 antibody blocks growth of patient-derived AML, highlighting the importance of this pathway in human disease. These findings indicate that microenvironmental interactions are key regulators of AML and that disrupting these signals with targeted inhibitors such as CD98 antibodies may be a valuable therapeutic approach for adults and children with this disease.

Published
2016

14. Regulation of Rac1 and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Response to Infection of Gastrointestinal Epithelia.

Author

den Hartog, Gerco, Chattopadhyay, Ranajoy, Ablack, Amber, Hall, Emily H, Butcher, Lindsay D, Bhattacharyya, Asima, Eckmann, Lars, Harris, Paul R, Das, Soumita, Ernst, Peter B, and Crowe, Sheila E

Subjects
Intestinal Mucosa, Gastric Mucosa, Cell Line, Humans, Salmonella Infections, Helicobacter Infections, Reactive Oxygen Species, DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase, rac1 GTP-Binding Protein, Microscopy, Confocal, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Blotting, Western, Immunoprecipitation, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Blotting, Western, Microscopy, Confocal, Virology, Microbiology, Immunology, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during infection is an immediate host defense leading to microbial killing. APE1 is a multifunctional protein induced by ROS and after induction, protects against ROS-mediated DNA damage. Rac1 and NAPDH oxidase (Nox1) are important contributors of ROS generation following infection and associated with gastrointestinal epithelial injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if APE1 regulates the function of Rac1 and Nox1 during oxidative stress. Gastric or colonic epithelial cells (wild-type or with suppressed APE1) were infected with Helicobacter pylori or Salmonella enterica and assessed for Rac1 and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Rac1 and APE1 interactions were measured by co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy and proximity ligation assay (PLA) in cell lines or in biopsy specimens. Significantly greater levels of ROS were produced by APE1-deficient human gastric and colonic cell lines and primary gastric epithelial cells compared to control cells after infection with either gastric or enteric pathogens. H. pylori activated Rac1 and Nox1 in all cell types, but activation was higher in APE1 suppressed cells. APE1 overexpression decreased H. pylori-induced ROS generation, Rac1 activation, and Nox1 expression. We determined that the effects of APE1 were mediated through its N-terminal lysine residues interacting with Rac1, leading to inhibition of Nox1 expression and ROS generation. APE1 is a negative regulator of oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal epithelium during bacterial infection by modulating Rac1 and Nox1. Our results implicate APE1 in novel molecular interactions that regulate early stress responses elicited by microbial infections.

Published
2016

15. Regulation of Rac1 and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Response to Infection of Gastrointestinal Epithelia

Author

Hartog, Gerco den, Chattopadhyay, Ranajoy, Ablack, Amber, Hall, Emily H, Butcher, Lindsay D, Bhattacharyya, Asima, Eckmann, Lars, Harris, Paul R, Das, Soumita, Ernst, Peter B, and Crowe, Sheila E

Subjects
Microbiology, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Digestive Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cancer, Digestive Diseases - (Peptic Ulcer), 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Blotting, Western, Cell Line, DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Gastric Mucosa, Helicobacter Infections, Humans, Immunoprecipitation, Intestinal Mucosa, Microscopy, Confocal, Reactive Oxygen Species, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Salmonella Infections, rac1 GTP-Binding Protein, Immunology, Medical Microbiology, Virology, Medical microbiology
Abstract

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during infection is an immediate host defense leading to microbial killing. APE1 is a multifunctional protein induced by ROS and after induction, protects against ROS-mediated DNA damage. Rac1 and NAPDH oxidase (Nox1) are important contributors of ROS generation following infection and associated with gastrointestinal epithelial injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if APE1 regulates the function of Rac1 and Nox1 during oxidative stress. Gastric or colonic epithelial cells (wild-type or with suppressed APE1) were infected with Helicobacter pylori or Salmonella enterica and assessed for Rac1 and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Rac1 and APE1 interactions were measured by co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy and proximity ligation assay (PLA) in cell lines or in biopsy specimens. Significantly greater levels of ROS were produced by APE1-deficient human gastric and colonic cell lines and primary gastric epithelial cells compared to control cells after infection with either gastric or enteric pathogens. H. pylori activated Rac1 and Nox1 in all cell types, but activation was higher in APE1 suppressed cells. APE1 overexpression decreased H. pylori-induced ROS generation, Rac1 activation, and Nox1 expression. We determined that the effects of APE1 were mediated through its N-terminal lysine residues interacting with Rac1, leading to inhibition of Nox1 expression and ROS generation. APE1 is a negative regulator of oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal epithelium during bacterial infection by modulating Rac1 and Nox1. Our results implicate APE1 in novel molecular interactions that regulate early stress responses elicited by microbial infections.

Published
2016

17. Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 Restricts the Internalization of Bacteria Into Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Through the Inhibition of Rac1

Author

Gerco den Hartog, Lindsay D. Butcher, Amber L. Ablack, Laura A. Pace, Jailal N. G. Ablack, Richard Xiong, Soumita Das, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, Lars Eckmann, Peter B. Ernst, and Sheila E. Crowe

Subjects
intestinal epithelial barrier, invasion, internalization, Rac1, Salmonella Typhimurium, AIEC LF82 strain, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Pathogenic intestinal bacteria lead to significant disease in humans. Here we investigated the role of the multifunctional protein, Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), in regulating the internalization of bacteria into the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal tumor-cell lines and primary human epithelial cells were infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. The effects of APE1 inhibition on bacterial internalization, the regulation of Rho GTPase Rac1 as well as the epithelial cell barrier function were assessed. Increased numbers of bacteria were present in APE1-deficient colonic tumor cell lines and primary epithelial cells. Activation of Rac1 was augmented following infection but negatively regulated by APE1. Pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 reversed the increase in intracellular bacteria in APE1-deficient cells whereas overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 augmented the numbers in APE1-competent cells. Enhanced numbers of intracellular bacteria resulted in the loss of barrier function and a delay in its recovery. Our data demonstrate that APE1 inhibits the internalization of invasive bacteria into human intestinal epithelial cells through its ability to negatively regulate Rac1. This activity also protects epithelial cell barrier function.

Published
2021
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18. A RIAM/lamellipodin-talin-integrin complex forms the tip of sticky fingers that guide cell migration.

Author

Lagarrigue, Frederic, Vikas Anekal, Praju, Lee, Ho-Sup, Bachir, Alexia I, Ablack, Jailal N, Horwitz, Alan F, and Ginsberg, Mark H

Subjects
Cells, Humans, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Carrier Proteins, Talin, Membrane Proteins, Integrins, Cell Movement, Protein Binding, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Abstract

The leading edge of migrating cells contains rapidly translocating activated integrins associated with growing actin filaments that form 'sticky fingers' to sense extracellular matrix and guide cell migration. Here we utilized indirect bimolecular fluorescence complementation to visualize a molecular complex containing a Mig-10/RIAM/lamellipodin (MRL) protein (Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) or lamellipodin), talin and activated integrins in living cells. This complex localizes at the tips of growing actin filaments in lamellipodial and filopodial protrusions, thus corresponding to the tips of the 'sticky fingers.' Formation of the complex requires talin to form a bridge between the MRL protein and the integrins. Moreover, disruption of the MRL protein-integrin-talin (MIT) complex markedly impairs cell protrusion. These data reveal the molecular basis of the formation of 'sticky fingers' at the leading edge of migrating cells and show that an MIT complex drives these protrusions.

Published
2015

22. GIV•Kindlin Interaction Is Required for Kindlin-Mediated Integrin Recognition and Activation

Author

Cristina Rohena, Nicholas Kalogriopoulos, Navin Rajapakse, Suchismita Roy, Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez, Jailal Ablack, Debashis Sahoo, and Pradipta Ghosh

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Science
Abstract

Summary: Cells perceive and respond to the extracellular matrix via integrin receptors; their dysregulation has been implicated in inflammation and cancer metastasis. Here we show that a guanine nucleotide-exchange modulator of trimeric-GTPase Gαi, GIV (a.k.a Girdin), directly binds the integrin adaptor Kindlin-2. A non-canonical short linear motif within the C terminus of GIV binds Kindlin-2-FERM3 domain at a site that is distinct from the binding site for the canonical NPxY motif on the -integrin tail. Binding of GIV to Kindlin-2 allosterically enhances Kindlin-2's affinity for β1-integrin. Consequently, integrin activation and clustering are maximized, which augments cell adhesion, spreading, and invasion. Findings elucidate how the GIV•Kindlin-2 complex has a 2-fold impact: it allosterically synergizes integrin activation and enables β1-integrins to indirectly access and modulate trimeric GTPases via the complex. Furthermore, Cox proportional-hazard models on tumor transcriptomics provide trans-scale evidence of synergistic interactions between GIV•Kindlin-2•β1-integrin on time to progression to metastasis.

Published
2020
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26. Global multi-stakeholder endorsement of the MAFLD definition

Author

Mendez-Sanchez, N, Bugianesi, E, Gish, R, Lammert, F, Tilg, H, Nguyen, M, Sarin, S, Fabrellas, N, Zelber-Sagi, S, Fan, J, Shiha, G, Targher, G, Zheng, M, Chan, W, Vinker, S, Kawaguchi, T, Castera, L, Yilmaz, Y, Korenjak, M, Spearman, C, Ungan, M, Palmer, M, El-Shabrawi, M, Gruss, H, Dufour, J, Dhawan, A, Wedemeyer, H, George, J, Valenti, L, Fouad, Y, Romero-Gomez, M, Eslam, M, Abate, M, Abbas, B, Abbassy, A, Abd El Ghany, W, Abd Elkhalek, A, Abd ElMajeed, E, Abdalgaber, M, Abdallah, M, Abdallah, N, Abdelaleem, S, Abdelghani, Y, Abdelghany, W, Abdelhalim, S, Abdelhamid, W, Abdelhamid, N, Abdelkader, N, Abdelkreem, E, Abdelmohsen, A, Abdelrahman, A, Abd-elsalam, S, Abdeltawab, D, Abduh, A, Abdulhakam, N, Abdulla, M, Abedpoor, N, Abenavoli, L, Aberg, F, Ablack, O, Abo elftouh, M, Abo-Amer, Y, Aboubkr, A, Aboud, A, Abouelnaga, A, Aboufarrag, G, Aboutaleb, A, Abundis, L, Adali, G, Adames, E, Adams, L, Adda, D, Adel, N, Adel Sayed, M, Afaa, T, Afredj, N, Aghayeva, G, Aghemo, A, Aguilar-Salinas, C, Ahlenstiel, G, Ahmady, W, Ahmed, W, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, R, Aigner, E, Akarsu, M, Akroush, M, Akyuz, U, Al Mahtab, M, Al Qadiri, T, Al Rawahi, Y, AL rubaee, R, Al Saffar, M, Alam, S, Al-Ani, Z, Albillos, A, Alboraie, M, Al-Busafi, S, Al-Emam, M, Alharthi, J, Ali, K, Ali, B, Ali, M, Ali, R, Alisi, A, AL-Khafaji, A, Alkhatry, M, Aller, R, Almansoury, Y, Al-Naamani, K, Alnakeeb, A, Alonso, A, Alqahtani, S, Alrabadi, L, Alswat, K, Altaher, M, Altamimi, T, Altamirano, J, Alvares-da-Silva, M, Aly, E, Alzahaby, A, Alzamzamy, A, Amano, K, Amer, M, Amin, M, Amin, S, Amir, A, Ampuero, J, Anas, N, Andreone, P, Andriamandimby, S, Anees, M, Angela, P, Antonios, M, Arafat, W, Araya, J, Armendariz-Borunda, J, Armstrong, M, Ashktorab, H, Aspichueta, P, Assal, F, Atef, M, Attia, D, Atwa, H, Awad, R, Awad, M, Awny, S, Awolowo, O, Awuku, Y, Ayada, I, Aye, T, Ayman, S, Ayman, H, Ayoub, H, Azmy, H, Babaran, R, Badreldin, O, Badry, A, Bahcecioglu, I, Bahour, A, Bai, J, 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Published
2022

33. Supplementary Figure 1 from Embryonic Protein Nodal Promotes Breast Cancer Vascularization

Author

Lynne-Marie Postovit, David A. Hess, Susan J. Done, John D. Lewis, Amber Ablack, Laura Fung, Juan Moreno, Scott D. Findlay, Guihua Zhang, Logan A. Walsh, and Daniela F. Quail

Abstract

PDF file - 1.2MB, Nodal antibody used for IHC labels same cells as R&D antibody used in previous studies, but with less non-specific background staining

Published
2023

36. Glycine protects against doxorubicin-induced heart toxicity in mice

Author

Mayada I. Shosha, Fawzia Z. El-Ablack, and Entsar A. Saad

Subjects
Organic Chemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Biochemistry
Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOXO) is a well-known cancer chemotherapeutic. However, its toxic effect on the heart limits its clinical application. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of glycine administration to counteract the DOXO-induction of cardiomyopathy in mice. Fifty male albino mice were divided into five groups (n = 10/group) as follows: control, DOXO, Gp100, Gp150, and Gp200. Histopathological examination of the heart, and biochemical examinations for heart function (creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10)), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, nitric oxide (NO), and uric acid), kidney function (urea and creatinine), and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium) were carried out. Cardiomyopathy induced by DOXO treatment (15 mg/kg total dose) was ascertained via pathological alterations seen in heart tissue and verified biochemically via increases (P P P

Published
2023

38. Global multi-stakeholder endorsement of the MAFLD definition

Author

Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Robert G Gish, Frank Lammert, Herbert Tilg, Mindie H Nguyen, Shiv K Sarin, Núria Fabrellas, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Jian-Gao Fan, Gamal Shiha, Giovanni Targher, Ming-Hua Zheng, Wah-Kheong Chan, Shlomo Vinker, Takumi Kawaguchi, Laurent Castera, Yusuf Yilmaz, Marko Korenjak, C Wendy Spearman, Mehmet Ungan, Melissa Palmer, Mortada El-Shabrawi, Hans-Juergen Gruss, Jean-François Dufour, Anil Dhawan, Heiner Wedemeyer, Jacob George, Luca Valenti, Yasser Fouad, Manuel Romero‐Gomez, Mohammed Eslam, Maria Lorena Abate, Bahaa Abbas, Ahmed Amr Abbassy, Waleed Abd El Ghany, Amira Abd Elkhalek, Emad Abd ElMajeed, Mohammad Abdalgaber, Mohamed AbdAllah, Marwa Abdallah, Nourhan Abdallah, Shereen Abdelaleem, Yasser Abdelghani, Wael Abdelghany, Safaa Mohamed Abdelhalim, Wafaa Abdelhamid, Nehal Abdelhamid, Nadia A. Abdelkader, Elsayed Abdelkreem, Aly Mohamed Abdelmohsen, Awny Ali Abdelrahman, Sherief M Abd-elsalam, Doaa Abdeltawab, Abdulbaset Abduh, Nada Abdulhakam, Maheeba Abdulla, Navid Abedpoor, Ludovico Abenavoli, Fredrik Åberg, Omala Ablack, Mostafa Abo elftouh, Yousry Esam-Eldin Abo-Amer, Ashraf Aboubkr, Alaa Aboud, Amr M. Abouelnaga, Galal A. Aboufarrag, Ashraf Aboutaleb, Leticia Abundis, Gupse Adalı, Enrique Adames, Leon Adams, Danjuma Adda, Noor Adel, Nada Adel, Muhammad Adel Sayed, Taiba Jibril Afaa, Nawal Afredj, Gulnara Aghayeva, Alessio Aghemo, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Golo Ahlenstiel, Walid Ahmady, Wafaa Ahmed, Amira Ahmed, Samah Nasser Ahmed, Heba Mostafa Ahmed, Rasha Ahmed, Elmar Aigner, Mesut Akarsu, Maisam Akroush, Umit Akyuz, Mamun Al Mahtab, Tahani Al Qadiri, Yusriya Al Rawahi, Razzaq AL rubaee, Muna Al Saffar, Shahinul Alam, Zaid Al-Ani, Agustín Albillos, Mohamed Alboraie, Said Al-Busafi, Mohamed Al-Emam, Jawaher Alharthi, Kareem Ali, Basma Abdelmoez Ali, Mohammad Ali, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Anna Alisi, Ali Raad AL-Khafaji, Maryam Alkhatry, Rocio Aller, Yahya Almansoury, Khalid Al-Naamani, Alaa Alnakeeb, Anna Alonso, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Leina Alrabadi, Khalid Alswat, Mahir Altaher, Turki Altamimi, Jose Altamirano, Mario R. Alvares-da-Silva, Elsragy Adel M. Aly, Amgad Alzahaby, Ahmed Alzamzamy, Keisuke Amano, Maysa A. Amer, Mona A. Amin, Sayed A. Amin, Ashraf A. Amir, Javier Ampuero, Noha Anas, Pietro Andreone, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Mahmoud Anees, Peltec Angela, Manal Antonios, Wael Arafat, Jose Moreno Araya, Juan Armendariz-Borunda, Matthew J. Armstrong, Hassan Ashktorab, Patricia Aspichueta, Fathia Assal, Mira Atef, Dina Attia, Hoda Atwa, Reham Awad, Mohyeldeen Abd Elaziz Awad, Sally Awny, Obafemi Awolowo, Yaw Asante Awuku, Ibrahim Ayada, Than Than Aye, Sherif Ayman, Hedy Ayman, Hesham Ayoub, Hosny M. Azmy, Romiro P. Babaran, Omneya Badreldin, Ahmed Badry, İbrahim Halil Bahçecioğlu, Amira Bahour, Jiajia Bai, Yasemin Balaban, Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam, Khaled Bamakhrama, Jesus M Banales, Babu Bangaru, Jianfeng Bao, Jorge Suazo Barahona, Salma Barakat, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Bikwa Barbra, Beatriz Barranco, Francisco Barrera, Ulrich Baumann, Shamardan Bazeed, Eva Bech, Aourarh Benayad, Andreas Benesic, David Bernstein, Fernando Bessone, Susie Birney, Cyrille Bisseye, Martin Blake, Bilal Bobat, Leonilde Bonfrate, Dmitry S Bordin, Francisco Bosques-Padilla, Jerome Boursier, Boushab Mohamed Boushab, David Bowen, Patricia Medina Bravo, Paul N Brennan, Bisi Bright, Ilse Broekaert, Xabier Buque, Diego Burgos-Santamaría, Julio Burman, Luca Busetto, Chris D. Byrne, Patricia Anne I. Cabral-Prodigalidad, Guillermo Cabrera-Alvarez, Wei Cai, Francesca Cainelli, Ali Riza Caliskan, Ali Canbay, Ana Cano-Contreras, Hai-Xia Cao, Zhujun Cao, Andres Carrion, Francesca Carubbi, Teresa Casanovas, Marlen Ivón Castellanos Fernández, Jin Chai, Siew Pheng Chan, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Norberto Chavez-Tapia, Kazuaki Chayama, Jinjun Chen, Lin Chen, Zhong-Wei Chen, Huiting Chen, Sui-Dan Chen, Qiang Chen, Yaxi Chen, Gang Chen, En-Quang Chen, Fei Chen, Pei-Jer Chen, Robert Cheng, Wendy Cheng, Jack Tan Wei Chieh, Imad Chokr, Evangelos Cholongitas, Ashok Choudhury, Abhijit Chowdhury, Evaristus Sunday Chukwudike, Stefano Ciardullo, Michelle Clayton, Karine Clement, Marie Michelle Cloa, Cecilia Coccia, Cristina Collazos, Massimo Colombo, Arif Mansur Cosar, Helma Pinchemel Cotrim, Joris Couillerot, Alioune Coulibaly, Gonzalo Crespo, Javier Crespo, Maria Cruells, Ian Homer Y. Cua, Hesham K. 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Dwawhi, Sho Eiketsu, Doaa El Amrousy, Ahmed El Deeb, Ghada El Deriny, Hesham Salah El Din, Salwa El Kamshishy, Mohamed El Kassas, Maissa El Raziky, Osama A Elagamy, Wafaa Elakel, Dina Elalfy, Hanaa Elaraby, Heba ElAwady, Reda Elbadawy, Hanaa Hassan Eldash, Manal S. Eldefrawy, Carol Lezama Elecharri, Amel Elfaramawy, Mohammed Elfatih, Mahmoud Elfiky, Mohamed Elgamsy, Mohamed Elgendy, Mohamed A. El-Guindi, Nagi Elhussieny, Ahmed Maher Eliwa, Zeineb Elkabbany, Hesham El-Khayat, Nehal M. El-Koofy, Alaa Elmetwalli, Amr Elrabat, Fathiya El-Raey, Fatma Elrashdy, Medhat Elsahhar, Esraa M. Elsaid, Shimaa Elsayed, Hany Elsayed, Aly Elsayed, Amr M. Elsayed, Hamdy Elsayed, Magdy El-Serafy, Ahmed M. Elsharkawy, Reem Yehia Elsheemy, Eman Elsayed Elshemy, Sara Elsherbini, Naglaa Eltoukhy, Reda Elwakil, Ola Emad, Shaimaa Emad, Mohamed Embabi, Ilkay Ergenç, Tatiana Ermolova, Gamal Esmat, Doaa M. Esmat, Enrique Carrera Estupiñan, Said Ettair, Tcaciuc Eugen, Mohammed Ezz-Eldin, Lidia Patricia Valdivieso Falcón, Yu-Chen Fan, Samah Fandari, Mahmoud Farag, Taghreed Mohamed Farahat, Eman M. Fares, Michael Fares, Eduardo Fassio, Hayam Fathy, Dina Fathy, Wael Fathy, Soheir Fayed, Dan Feng, Gong Feng, Miguel Fernández-Bermejo, Cristina Targa Ferreira, Javier Díaz Ferrer, Alastair Forbes, Rabab Fouad, Hanan M. Fouad, Tove Frisch, Hideki Fujii, Shuhei Fukunaga, Shinya Fukunishi, Hacer Fulya, Masato Furuhashi, Yasmine Gaber, Augusto Jose G. Galang, Jacqueline Cordova Gallardo, Rocío Galloso, Mahmoud Gamal, Reham Gamal, Hadeel Gamal, Jian Gan, Anar Ganbold, Xin Gao, George Garas, Tony Garba, Miren García-Cortes, Carmelo García-Monzón, Javier García-Samaniego, Amalia Gastaldelli, Manuel Gatica, Elizabeth Gatley, Tamar Gegeshidze, Bin Geng, Hasmik Ghazinyan, Salma Ghoneem, Luca Giacomelli, Gianluigi Giannelli, Edoardo G. Giannini, Matthew Giefer, Pere Ginès, Marcos Girala, Pablo J Giraudi, George Boon-Bee Goh, Ahmed Ali Gomaa, Benbingdi Gong, Dina Hilda C. Gonzales, Humberto C. Gonzalez, Maria Saraí Gonzalez-Huezo, Isabel Graupera, Ivica Grgurevic, Henning Grønbæk, Xuelian Gu, Lin Guan, Ibrahima Gueye, Alice Nanelin Guingané, Ozen Oz Gul, Cuma Bulent Gul, Qing Guo, Pramendra Prasad Gupta, Ahmet Gurakar, Juan Carlos Restrepo Gutierrez, Ghada Habib, Azaa Hafez, Emilia Hagman, Eman Halawa, Osama Hamdy, Abd Elkhalek Hamed, Dina H. Hamed, Saeed Hamid, Waseem Hamoudi, Yu Han, James Haridy, Hanan Haridy, David C H Harris Harris, Michael Hart, Fuad Hasan, Almoutaz Hashim, Israa Hassan, Ayman Hassan, Essam Ali Hassan, Adel Ahmed Hassan, Magda Shehata Hassan, Fetouh Hassanin, Alshymaa Hassnine, John Willy Haukeland, Amr Ismael M. Hawal, Jinfan He, Qiong He, Yong He, Fang-Ping He, Mona Hegazy, Adham Hegazy, Osama Henegil, Nelia Hernández, Manuel Hernández-Guerra, Fatima Higuera-de-la-Tijera, Ibrahim Hindy, Keisuke Hirota, Lee Chi Ho, Alexander Hodge, Mohamed Hosny, Xin Hou, Jiao-Feng Huang, Yan Huang, Zhifeng Huang, Yuan Huang, Ang Huang, Xiao-Ping Huang, Sheng Hui-ping, Bela Hunyady, Mennatallah A. Hussein, Osama Hussein, Shahinaz Mahmoud Hussien, Luis Ibáñez-Samaniego, Jamal Ibdah, Luqman Ibrahim, Miada Ibrahim, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Maria E. 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Khalaf, Rofida Khalefa, Sherin Khamis, Doaa Khater, Hamed khattab, Anatoly Khavkin, Olga Khlynova, Nabil Khmis, Nazarii Kobyliak, Apostolos Koffas, Kazuhiko Koike, Kenneth Y.Y. Kok, Tomas Koller, Narcisse Patrice Komas, Nataliya V. Korochanskaya, Yannoula Koulla, Shunji Koya, Colleen Kraft, Bledar Kraja, Marcin Krawczyk, Mohammad Shafi Kuchay, Anand V Kulkarni, Ashish Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Sulaiman Lakoh, Philip Lam, Ling Lan, Naomi F. Lange, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Nicolas Lanthier, Kateryna Lapshyna, Sameh A. Lashen, Konang Nguieguia Justine Laure, Leonid Lazebnik, Didier Lebrec, Samuel S. 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D, Bravo, P, Brennan, P, Bright, B, Broekaert, I, Buque, X, Burgos-Santamaria, D, Burman, J, Busetto, L, Byrne, C, Cabral-Prodigalidad, P, Cabrera-Alvarez, G, Cai, W, Cainelli, F, Caliskan, A, Canbay, A, Cano-Contreras, A, Cao, H, Cao, Z, Carrion, A, Carubbi, F, Casanovas, T, Castellanos Fernandez, M, Chai, J, Chan, S, Charatcharoenwitthaya, P, Chavez-Tapia, N, Chayama, K, Chen, J, Chen, L, Chen, Z, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chen, Q, Chen, Y, Chen, G, Chen, E, Chen, F, Chen, P, Cheng, R, Cheng, W, Chieh, J, Chokr, I, Cholongitas, E, Choudhury, A, Chowdhury, A, Chukwudike, E, Ciardullo, S, Clayton, M, Clement, K, Cloa, M, Coccia, C, Collazos, C, Colombo, M, Cosar, A, Cotrim, H, Couillerot, J, Coulibaly, A, Crespo, G, Crespo, J, Cruells, M, Cua, I, Dabbous, H, Dalekos, G, D'Alia, P, Dan, L, Dao, V, Darwish, M, Datz, C, Davalos-Moscol, M, Dawoud, H, de Careaga, B, de Knegt, R, de Ledinghen, V, de Silva, J, Debzi, N, Decraecker, M, Del Pozo, E, Delgado, T, Delgado-Blanco, M, Dembinski, L, Depina, A, Derbala, M, Desalegn, H, Desbois-Mouthon, C, Desoky, M, Dev, A, Di Ciaula, A, Diago, M, Diallo, I, Diaz, L, Dirchwolf, M, Dongiovanni, P, Dorofeyev, A, Dou, X, Douglas, M, Doulberis, M, Dovia, C, Doyle, A, Dragojevic, I, Drenth, J, Duan, X, Dulskas, A, Dumitrascu, D, Duncan, O, Dusabejambo, V, Dwawhi, R, Eiketsu, S, El Amrousy, D, El Deeb, A, El Deriny, G, El Din, H, El Kamshishy, S, El Kassas, M, El Raziky, M, Elagamy, O, Elakel, W, Elalfy, D, Elaraby, H, Elawady, H, Elbadawy, R, Eldash, H, Eldefrawy, M, Elecharri, C, Elfaramawy, A, Elfatih, M, Elfiky, M, Elgamsy, M, Elgendy, M, El-Guindi, M, Elhussieny, N, Eliwa, A, Elkabbany, Z, El-Khayat, H, El-Koofy, N, Elmetwalli, A, Elrabat, A, El-Raey, F, Elrashdy, F, Elsahhar, M, Elsaid, E, Elsayed, S, Elsayed, H, Elsayed, A, El-Serafy, M, Elsharkawy, A, Elsheemy, R, Elshemy, E, Elsherbini, S, Eltoukhy, N, Elwakil, R, Emad, O, Emad, S, Embabi, M, Ergenc, I, Ermolova, T, Esmat, G, Esmat, D, Estupinan, E, Ettair, S, Eugen, T, Ezz-Eldin, M, Falcon, L, Fan, Y, Fandari, S, Farag, M, Farahat, T, Fares, E, Fares, M, Fassio, E, Fathy, H, Fathy, D, Fathy, W, Fayed, S, Feng, D, Feng, G, Fernandez-Bermejo, M, Ferreira, C, Ferrer, J, Forbes, A, Fouad, R, Fouad, H, Frisch, T, Fujii, H, Fukunaga, S, Fukunishi, S, Fulya, H, Furuhashi, M, Gaber, Y, Galang, A, Gallardo, J, Galloso, R, Gamal, M, Gamal, R, Gamal, H, Gan, J, Ganbold, A, Gao, X, Garas, G, Garba, T, Garcia-Cortes, M, Garcia-Monzon, C, Garcia-Samaniego, J, Gastaldelli, A, Gatica, M, Gatley, E, Gegeshidze, T, Geng, B, Ghazinyan, H, Ghoneem, S, Giacomelli, L, Giannelli, G, Giannini, E, Giefer, M, Gines, P, Girala, M, Giraudi, P, Goh, G, Gomaa, A, Gong, B, Gonzales, D, Gonzalez, H, Gonzalez-Huezo, M, Graupera, I, Grgurevic, I, Gronbaek, H, Gu, X, Guan, L, Gueye, I, Guingane, A, Gul, O, Gul, C, Guo, Q, Gupta, P, Gurakar, A, Gutierrez, J, Habib, G, Hafez, A, Hagman, E, Halawa, E, Hamdy, O, Hamed, A, Hamed, D, Hamid, S, Hamoudi, W, Han, Y, Haridy, J, Haridy, H, Harris, D, Hart, M, Hasan, F, Hashim, A, Hassan, I, Hassan, A, Hassan, E, Hassan, M, Hassanin, F, Hassnine, A, Haukeland, J, Hawal, A, He, J, He, Q, He, Y, He, F, Hegazy, M, Hegazy, A, Henegil, O, Hernandez, N, Hernandez-Guerra, M, Higuera-de-la-Tijera, F, Hindy, I, Hirota, K, Ho, L, Hodge, A, Hosny, M, Hou, X, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Huang, Z, Huang, A, Huang, X, Hui-ping, S, Hunyady, B, Hussein, M, Hussein, O, Hussien, S, Ibanez-Samaniego, L, Ibdah, J, Ibrahim, L, Ibrahim, M, Ibrahim, I, Icaza-Chavez, M, Idelbi, S, Idilman, R, Ikeda, M, Indolfi, G, Invernizzi, F, Irshad, I, Isa, H, Iskandar, N, Ismaiel, A, Ismail, M, Ismail, Z, Ismail, F, Iwamoto, H, Jack, K, Jacob, R, Jafarov, F, Jafri, W, Jahshan, H, Jalal, P, Jancoriene, L, Janicko, M, Jayasena, H, Jefferies, M, Jha, V, Ji, F, Ji, Y, Jia, J, Jiang, C, Jiang, N, Jiang, Z, Jin, X, Jin, Y, Jing, X, Jingyu, Q, Jinjolava, M, Jong, F, Jucov, A, Julius, I, Kaddah, M, Kamada, Y, Kamal, A, Kamal, E, Kamel, A, Kao, J, Karin, M, Karlas, T, Kashwaa, M, Katsidzira, L, Kaya, E, Kayasseh, M, Keenan, B, Keklikkiran, C, Keml, W, Khalaf, D, Khalefa, R, Khamis, S, Khater, D, Khattab, H, Khavkin, A, Khlynova, O, Khmis, N, Kobyliak, N, Koffas, A, Koike, K, Kok, K, Koller, T, Komas, N, Korochanskaya, N, Koulla, Y, Koya, S, Kraft, C, Kraja, B, Krawczyk, M, Kuchay, M, Kulkarni, A, Kumar, A, Kumar, M, Lakoh, S, Lam, P, Lan, L, Lange, N, Lankarani, K, Lanthier, N, Lapshyna, K, Lashen, S, Laure, K, Lazebnik, L, Lebrec, D, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Leeming, D, Leite, N, Leon, R, Lesmana, C, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, Y, Li, L, Li, M, Liang, H, Lijuan, T, Lim, S, Lim, L, Lin, S, Lin, H, Lin, R, Lithy, R, Liu, Y, Liu, X, Liu, W, Liu, S, Liu, K, Liu, T, Lonardo, A, Lopez, M, Lopez-Benages, E, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lu, H, Lu, L, Lu, Y, Lubel, J, Lui, R, Lupasco, I, Luzina, E, Lv, X, Lynch, K, Ma, H, Machado, M, Maduka, N, Madzharova, K, Magdaong, R, Mahadeva, S, Mahfouz, A, Mahmood, N, Mahmoud, E, Mahrous, M, Maiwall, R, Majeed, A, Majumdar, A, Mak, L, Maklouf, M, Malekzadeh, R, Mandato, C, Mangia, A, Mann, J, Mansour, H, Mansouri, A, Mantovani, A, Mao, J, Maramag, F, Marchesini, G, Marcus, C, Marinho, R, Martinez-Chantar, M, Martins, A, Marwan, R, Mason, K, Masoud, G, Massoud, M, Matamoros, M, Mateos, R, Mawed, A, Mbanya, J, Mbendi, C, Mccolaugh, L, Mcleod, D, Medina, J, Megahed, A, Mehrez, M, Memon, I, Merat, S, Mercado, R, Mesbah, A, Meskini, T, Metwally, M, Metwaly, R, Miao, L, Micah, E, Miele, L, Milivojevic, V, Milovanovic, T, Mina, Y, Mishkovik, M, Mishriki, A, Mitchell, T, Mohamed, A, Mohamed, M, Mohamed, S, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, A, Mohan, V, Mohie, S, Mokhtar, A, Moniem, R, Montilla, M, Morales, J, Morata, M, Moreno-Planas, J, Morise, S, Mosaad, S, Moselhy, M, Mostafa, A, Mostafa, E, Mouane, N, Mousa, N, Moustafa, H, Msherif, A, Muller, K, Munoz, C, Munoz-Urribarri, A, Murillo, O, Mustapha, F, Muzurovic, E, Nabil, Y, Nafady, S, Nagamatsu, A, Nakajima, A, Nakano, D, Nan, Y, Nascimbeni, F, Naseef, M, Nashat, N, Natalia, T, Negro, F, Nersesov, A, Neuman, M, Ng'Wanasayi, M, Ni, Y, Nicoll, A, Niizeki, T, Nikolova, D, Ningning, W, Niriella, M, Nogoibaeva, K, Nordien, R, O Sullivan, C, O'Beirne, J, Obekpa, S, Ocama, P, Ochwoto, M, Ogolodom, M, Ojo, O, Okrostsvaridze, N, Oliveira, C, Omana, R, Omar, O, Omar, H, Omar, M, Omran, S, Omran, R, Osman, M, Owise, N, Owusu-Ansah, T, Padilla- Machaca, P, Palle, S, Pan, Z, Pan, X, Pan, Q, Papaefthymiou, A, Paquissi, F, Par, G, Parkash, A, Payawal, D, Peltekian, K, Peng, X, Peng, L, Peng, Y, Pengoria, R, Perez, M, Perez, J, Perez, N, Persico, M, Pessoa, M, Petta, S, Philip, M, Plaz Torres, M, Polavarapu, N, Poniachik, J, Portincasa, P, Pu, C, Purnak, T, Purwanto, E, Qi, X, Qian, Z, Qiang, Z, Qiao, Z, Qiao, L, Queiroz, A, Rabiee, A, Radwan, M, Rahetilahy, A, Ramadan, Y, Ramadan, D, Ramli, A, Ramm, G, Ran, A, Rankovic, I, Rao, H, Raouf, S, Ray, S, Reau, N, Refaat, A, Reiberger, T, Remes-Troche, J, Reyes, E, Richardson, B, Ridruejo, E, Riestra Jimenez, S, Rizk, I, Roberts, S, Roblero, J, Robles, J, Rockey, D, Rodriguez, M, Rodriguez Hernandez, H, Roman, E, Romeiro, F, Romeo, S, Rosales-Zabal, J, Roshdi, G, Rosso, N, Ruf, A, Ruiz, P, Runes, N, Ruzzenente, A, Ryan, M, Saad, A, Sabbagh, E, Sabbah, M, Saber, S, Sabrey, R, Sabry, R, Saeed, M, Said, D, Said, E, Sakr, M, Salah, Y, Salama, R, Salama, A, Saleh, H, Saleh, A, Salem, A, Salifou, A, Salih, A, Salman, A, Samouda, H, Sanai, F, Sanchez-Avila, J, Sanker, L, Sano, T, Sanz, M, Saparbu, T, Sawhney, R, Sayed, F, Sayed, S, Sayed, A, Sayed, M, Sebastiani, G, Secadas, L, Sediqi, K, Seif, S, Semida, N, Senates, E, Serban, E, Serfaty, L, Seto, W, Sghaier, I, Sha, M, Shabaan, H, Shalaby, L, Shaltout, I, Sharara, A, Sharma, V, Shawa, I, Shawkat, A, Shawky, N, Shehata, O, Sheils, S, Shewaye, A, Shi, G, Shi, J, Shimose, S, Shirono, T, Shou, L, Shrestha, A, Shui, G, Sievert, W, Sigurdardottir, S, Sira, M, Siradj, R, Sison, C, Smyth, L, Soliman, R, Sollano, J, Sombie, R, Sonderup, M, Sood, S, Soriano, G, Stedman, C, Stefanyuk, O, Stimac, D, Strasser, S, Strnad, P, Stuart, K, Su, W, Su, M, Sumida, Y, Sumie, S, Sun, D, Sun, J, Suzuki, H, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Swar, M, Taharboucht, S, Taher, Z, Takamura, S, Tan, L, Tan, S, Tanwandee, T, Tarek, S, Tatiana, G, Tavaglione, F, Tecson, G, Tee, H, Teschke, R, Tharwat, M, Thong, V, Thursz, M, Tine, T, Tiribelli, C, Tolmane, I, Tong, J, Tongo, M, Torkie, M, Torre, A, Torres, E, Trajkovska, M, Treeprasertsuk, S, Tsutsumi, T, Tu, T, Tur, J, Turan, D, Turcan, S, Turkina, S, Tutar, E, Tzeuton, C, Ugiagbe, R, Uygun, A, Vacca, M, Vajro, P, Van der Poorten, D, Van Kleef, L, Vashakidze, E, Velazquez, C, Velazquez, M, Vento, S, Verhoeven, V, Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U, Vethakkan, S, Vilaseca, J, Vitek, L, Volkanovska, A, Wallace, M, Wan, W, Wang, Y, Wang, X, Wang, C, Wang, M, Wangchuk, P, Weltman, M, White, M, Wiegand, J, Wifi, M, Wigg, A, Wilhelmi, M, William, R, Wittenburg, H, Wu, S, Wubeneh, A, Xia, H, Xiao, J, Xiao, X, Xiaofeng, W, Xiong, W, Xu, L, Xu, J, Xu, W, Xu, K, Xu, Y, Xu, S, Xu, M, Xu, A, Xu, C, Yan, H, Yang, J, Yang, R, Yang, Y, Yang, Q, Yang, N, Yao, J, Yara, J, Yaras, S, Yilmaz, N, Younes, R, Younes, H, Young, S, Youssef, F, Yu, Y, Yu, M, Yuan, J, Yue, Z, Yuen, M, Yun, W, Yurukova, N, Zakaria, S, Zaky, S, Zaldastanishvili, M, Zapata, R, Zare, N, Zerem, E, Zeriban, N, Zeshuai, X, Zhang, H, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhao, R, Zhao, H, Zheng, C, Zheng, Y, Zheng, R, Zheng, T, Zheng, K, Zhou, X, Zhou, Y, Zhou, H, Zhou, L, Zhu, L, Zhu, Y, Zhu, P, Ziada, E, Ziring, D, Ziyi, L, Zou, S, Zou, Z, Zou, H, Zuart Ruiz, R, and Global Multi-Stakeholder Consensus on the Redefinition of Fatty Liver Disease

Subjects
Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Hepatology, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD, consensu, Gastroenterology, MAFLD, definition, Humans, MAFLD, NAFLD, Human medicine
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 252162.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)

Published
2022

39. Micellar effect upon the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of carboxylic and carbonate esters

Author

Mona N. Al-Shamary, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, M.Z.A. Rafiquee, Fawzia El-Ablack, and Zuheir A. Issa

Subjects
1-Naphthylbutyrate, 2-(Methylsulfonyl)-ethyl-4-nitrophenylcarbonate, Cationic micelles, Anionic micelles, Alkaline hydrolysis, Micellar catalysis, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The alkaline hydrolysis of carboxylate (1-naphthylbutyrate) and carbonate esters (2-(methylsulfonyl)-ethyl-4-nitrophenylcarbonate) in the presence of different surfactants has been studied. The rate of hydrolysis of these esters was determined under pseudo first order condition in which the concentration of NaOH was kept in large excess over the [ester]. The cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) and cetyltrimethylammonium sulfate ((CTA)2SO4) enhanced the rate of hydrolysis of esters to a maximum value and thereafter, the increasing concentration of surfactant decreased the reaction rate. The anionic micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) inhibited the rate of the hydrolysis. The reaction proceeds through the attack of OH− ions on the carbonyl carbon forming tetrahedral intermediate. The tetrahedral intermediate is unstable and collapses immediately to yield respective acid and alcohol. The micelles influence the stability of tetrahedral intermediate, in turn, altering the rate of hydrolysis. The variation in the rate of hydrolysis by micelles was treated by considering the pseudophase ion-exchange model and Menger–Portnoy model. The added salts viz. NaBr, NaCl, and LiCl inhibited the rate of the reaction in the presence of cationic and anionic micelles. The kinetic parameters i.e. km and Ks were determined from the rate–[surfactant] profile.

Published
2017
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40. A novel hypomorphic Apex1 mouse model implicates apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 in oxidative DNA damage repair in gastric epithelial cells

Author

David Rios-Covian, Lindsay D. Butcher, Amber L. Ablack, Gerco den Hartog, Mason T. Matsubara, Hong Ly, Andrew W. Oates, Guorong Xu, Kathleen M. Fisch, Eric T. Ahrens, Shusuke Toden, Corrie C. Brown, Kenneth Kim, Dzung Le, Lars Eckmann, Bithika Dhar, Tadahide Izumi, Peter B. Ernst, and Sheila E. Crowe

Subjects
Physiology, Clinical Biochemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, General Environmental Science
Abstract

While best known for its role in oxidative DNA damage repair, apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein that regulates multiple host responses during oxidative stress including the reductive activation of transcription factors. As knockout of the APE1-encoding gene, Apex1, is embryonically lethal, we sought to create a viable model with generalized inhibition of APE1 expression.

Published
2022

41. A Novel Hypomorphic

Author

David, Rios-Covian, Lindsay D, Butcher, Amber L, Ablack, Gerco, den Hartog, Mason T, Matsubara, Hong, Ly, Andrew W, Oates, Guorong, Xu, Kathleen M, Fisch, Eric T, Ahrens, Shusuke, Toden, Corrie C, Brown, Kenneth, Kim, Dzung, Le, Lars, Eckmann, Bithika, Dhar, Tadahide, Izumi, Peter B, Ernst, and Sheila E, Crowe

Published
2022

42. Invadopodia Are Required for Cancer Cell Extravasation and Are a Therapeutic Target for Metastasis

Author

Hon S. Leong, Amy E. Robertson, Konstantin Stoletov, Sean J. Leith, Curtis A. Chin, Andrew E. Chien, M. Nicole Hague, Amber Ablack, Katia Carmine-Simmen, Victor A. McPherson, Carl O. Postenka, Eva A. Turley, Sara A. Courtneidge, Ann F. Chambers, and John D. Lewis

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Tumor cell extravasation is a key step during cancer metastasis, yet the precise mechanisms that regulate this dynamic process are unclear. We utilized a high-resolution time-lapse intravital imaging approach to visualize the dynamics of cancer cell extravasation in vivo. During intravascular migration, cancer cells form protrusive structures identified as invadopodia by their enrichment of MT1-MMP, cortactin, Tks4, and importantly Tks5, which localizes exclusively to invadopodia. Cancer cells extend invadopodia through the endothelium into the extravascular stroma prior to their extravasation at endothelial junctions. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of invadopodia initiation (cortactin), maturation (Tks5), or function (Tks4) resulted in an abrogation of cancer cell extravasation and metastatic colony formation in an experimental mouse lung metastasis model. This provides direct evidence of a functional role for invadopodia during cancer cell extravasation and distant metastasis and reveals an opportunity for therapeutic intervention in this clinically important process.

Published
2014
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43. Anti- diabetic activity of new Synthesized Flavonoid compound

Author

Al-Shimaa M. Abas and Fawzia Z. El-Ablack

Subjects
Creatinine, Embryology, Nicotinamide, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Intraperitoneal injection, Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Streptozotocin, medicine.disease, Fetuin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Blood serum, chemistry, Oral administration, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Anatomy, business, medicine.drug, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, of various organs. Objectives: Study aims to assess the role of new Synthesized Flavonoid compound on experimentally induced diabetes. Methods: 50 adult male albino rats divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (control group, rats were orally administered with 1 ml saline daily). Group 2 (DMSO group, rats were orally administered with 0.2 % DMSO for 60 day orally). Group 3 (positive control, animals were injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg b.wt streptozotocin followed by intraperitoneal injection with 120 mg/kg b.wt of Nicotinamide after 15 minute).Group 4 (standard group, diabetic animals treated with 100 mg/kg b.wt of metformin for 60 day orally). Group 5 (therapeutic group, diabetic rats treated with 50 mg /kg b.wt of Ethyl 2-amino-4-phenyl-4H-benzo(h)chromene-3-carboxylate for 60 day orally). At the end of experimental period blood serum & plasma samples, liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues were collected. Results: diabetic rats showed significant increase in plasma glucose, serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol and triglyceride . Also significant increase in mean level of Fetuin A and Netrin-1 in serum and different organs (Liver, kidney, Pancreas) in compared to control group. Oral administration of Ethyl 2-amino-4-phenyl-4H-benzo(h)chromene-3-carboxylate cause decrease in elevated biochemical parameters. Also, decrease Fetuin A and Netrin-1 levels when compared with diabetic rats. Molecular docking studies confirmed binding of compound with Fetuin A and Netrin-1 proteins in terms of energy and revealed of the existence of hydrogen bond ,hydrophobic interaction,Our results were confirmed by histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue. Conclusion: this study suggests that Ethyl 2-amino-4-phenyl-4H-benzo(h)chromene-3-carboxylate exihibits antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats.

Published
2020

44. Global multi-stakeholder endorsement of the MAFLD definition

Author

Abate, Maria Lorena, Abbas, Bahaa, Abbassy, Ahmed Amr, Abd El Ghany, Waleed, Abd Elkhalek, Amira, Abd ElMajeed, Emad, Abdalgaber, Mohammad, AbdAllah, Mohamed, Abdallah, Marwa, Abdallah, Nourhan, Abdelaleem, Shereen, Abdelghani, Yasser, Abdelghany, Wael, Abdelhalim, Safaa Mohamed, Abdelhamid, Wafaa, Abdelhamid, Nehal, Abdelkader, Nadia A., Abdelkreem, Elsayed, Abdelmohsen, Aly Mohamed, Abdelrahman, Awny Ali, Abd-elsalam, Sherief M, Abdeltawab, Doaa, Abduh, Abdulbaset, Abdulhakam, Nada, Abdulla, Maheeba, Abedpoor, Navid, Abenavoli, Ludovico, Åberg, Fredrik, Ablack, Omala, Abo elftouh, Mostafa, Abo-Amer, Yousry Esam-Eldin, Aboubkr, Ashraf, Aboud, Alaa, Abouelnaga, Amr M., Aboufarrag, Galal A., Aboutaleb, Ashraf, Abundis, Leticia, Adalı, Gupse, Adames, Enrique, Adams, Leon, Adda, Danjuma, Adel, Noor, Adel, Nada, Adel Sayed, Muhammad, Afaa, Taiba Jibril, Afredj, Nawal, Aghayeva, Gulnara, Aghemo, Alessio, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Ahlenstiel, Golo, Ahmady, Walid, Ahmed, Wafaa, Ahmed, Amira, Ahmed, Samah Nasser, Ahmed, Heba Mostafa, Ahmed, Rasha, Aigner, Elmar, Akarsu, Mesut, Akroush, Maisam, Akyuz, Umit, Al Mahtab, Mamun, Al Qadiri, Tahani, Al Rawahi, Yusriya, AL rubaee, Razzaq, Al Saffar, Muna, Alam, Shahinul, Al-Ani, Zaid, Albillos, Agustín, Alboraie, Mohamed, Al-Busafi, Said, Al-Emam, Mohamed, Alharthi, Jawaher, Ali, Kareem, Ali, Basma Abdelmoez, Ali, Mohammad, Ali, Raja Affendi Raja, Alisi, Anna, AL-Khafaji, Ali Raad, Alkhatry, Maryam, Aller, Rocio, Almansoury, Yahya, Al-Naamani, Khalid, Alnakeeb, Alaa, Alonso, Anna, Alqahtani, Saleh A., Alrabadi, Leina, Alswat, Khalid, Altaher, Mahir, Altamimi, Turki, Altamirano, Jose, Alvares-da-Silva, Mario R., Aly, Elsragy Adel M., Alzahaby, Amgad, Alzamzamy, Ahmed, Amano, Keisuke, Amer, Maysa A., Amin, Mona A., Amin, Sayed A., Amir, Ashraf A., Ampuero, Javier, Anas, Noha, Andreone, Pietro, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Anees, Mahmoud, Angela, Peltec, Antonios, Manal, Arafat, Wael, Araya, Jose Moreno, Armendariz-Borunda, Juan, Armstrong, Matthew J., Ashktorab, Hassan, Aspichueta, Patricia, Assal, Fathia, Atef, Mira, Attia, Dina, Atwa, Hoda, Awad, Reham, Awad, Mohyeldeen Abd Elaziz, Awny, Sally, Awolowo, Obafemi, Awuku, Yaw Asante, Ayada, Ibrahim, Aye, Than Than, Ayman, Sherif, Ayman, Hedy, Ayoub, Hesham, Azmy, Hosny M., Babaran, Romiro P., Badreldin, Omneya, Badry, Ahmed, Bahçecioğlu, İbrahim Halil, Bahour, Amira, Bai, Jiajia, Balaban, Yasemin, Balasubramanyam, Muthuswamy, Bamakhrama, Khaled, Banales, Jesus M, Bangaru, Babu, Bao, Jianfeng, Barahona, Jorge Suazo, Barakat, Salma, Barbalho, Sandra Maria, Barbra, Bikwa, Barranco, Beatriz, Barrera, Francisco, Baumann, Ulrich, Bazeed, Shamardan, Bech, Eva, Benayad, Aourarh, Benesic, Andreas, Bernstein, David, Bessone, Fernando, Birney, Susie, Bisseye, Cyrille, Blake, Martin, Bobat, Bilal, Bonfrate, Leonilde, Bordin, Dmitry S, Bosques-Padilla, Francisco, Boursier, Jerome, Boushab, Boushab Mohamed, Bowen, David, Bravo, Patricia Medina, Brennan, Paul N, Bright, Bisi, Broekaert, Ilse, Buque, Xabier, Burgos-Santamaría, Diego, Burman, Julio, Busetto, Luca, Byrne, Chris D., Cabral-Prodigalidad, Patricia Anne I., Cabrera-Alvarez, Guillermo, Cai, Wei, Cainelli, Francesca, Caliskan, Ali Riza, Canbay, Ali, Cano-Contreras, Ana, Cao, Hai-Xia, Cao, Zhujun, Carrion, Andres, Carubbi, Francesca, Casanovas, Teresa, Castellanos Fernández, Marlen Ivón, Chai, Jin, Chan, Siew Pheng, Charatcharoenwitthaya, Phunchai, Chavez-Tapia, Norberto, Chayama, Kazuaki, Chen, Jinjun, Chen, Lin, Chen, Zhong-Wei, Chen, Huiting, Chen, Sui-Dan, Chen, Qiang, Chen, Yaxi, Chen, Gang, Chen, En-Quang, Chen, Fei, Chen, Pei-Jer, Cheng, Robert, Cheng, Wendy, Chieh, Jack Tan Wei, Chokr, Imad, Cholongitas, Evangelos, Choudhury, Ashok, Chowdhury, Abhijit, Chukwudike, Evaristus Sunday, Ciardullo, Stefano, Clayton, Michelle, Clement, Karine, Cloa, Marie Michelle, Coccia, Cecilia, Collazos, Cristina, Colombo, Massimo, Cosar, Arif Mansur, Cotrim, Helma Pinchemel, Couillerot, Joris, Coulibaly, Alioune, Crespo, Gonzalo, Crespo, Javier, Cruells, Maria, Cua, Ian Homer Y., Dabbous, Hesham K., Dalekos, George N, D'Alia, Patricia, Dan, Li, Dao, Viet Hang, Darwish, Mostafa, Datz, Christian, Davalos-Moscol, Milagros B, Dawoud, Heba, de Careaga, Blanca Olaechea, de Knegt, Robert, de Ledinghen, Victor, de Silva, Janaka, Debzi, Nabil, Decraecker, Marie, Del Pozo, Elvira, Delgado, Teresa C, Delgado-Blanco, Manuel, Dembiński, Łukasz, Depina, Adilson, Derbala, Moutaz, Desalegn, Hailemichael, Desbois-Mouthon, Christèle, Desoky, Mahmoud, Dev, Anouk, Di Ciaula, Agostino, Diago, Moisés, Diallo, Ibrahima, Díaz, Luis Antonio, Dirchwolf, Melisa, Dongiovanni, Paola, Dorofeyev, Andrriy, Dou, Xiaoguang, Douglas, Mark W., Doulberis, Michael, Dovia, Cecil K., Doyle, Adam, Dragojević, Ivana, Drenth, Joost PH, Duan, Xuefei, Dulskas, Audrius, Dumitrascu, Dan L, Duncan, Oliver, Dusabejambo, Vincent, Dwawhi, Rev. Shem N.A., Eiketsu, Sho, El Amrousy, Doaa, El Deeb, Ahmed, El Deriny, Ghada, El Din, Hesham Salah, El Kamshishy, Salwa, El Kassas, Mohamed, El Raziky, Maissa, Elagamy, Osama A, Elakel, Wafaa, Elalfy, Dina, Elaraby, Hanaa, ElAwady, Heba, Elbadawy, Reda, Eldash, Hanaa Hassan, Eldefrawy, Manal S., Elecharri, Carol Lezama, Elfaramawy, Amel, Elfatih, Mohammed, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Elgamsy, Mohamed, Elgendy, Mohamed, El-Guindi, Mohamed A., Elhussieny, Nagi, Eliwa, Ahmed Maher, Elkabbany, Zeineb, El-Khayat, Hesham, El-Koofy, Nehal M., Elmetwalli, Alaa, Elrabat, Amr, El-Raey, Fathiya, Elrashdy, Fatma, Elsahhar, Medhat, Elsaid, Esraa M., Elsayed, Shimaa, Elsayed, Hany, Elsayed, Aly, Elsayed, Amr M., Elsayed, Hamdy, El-Serafy, Magdy, Elsharkawy, Ahmed M., Elsheemy, Reem Yehia, Elshemy, Eman Elsayed, Elsherbini, Sara, Eltoukhy, Naglaa, Elwakil, Reda, Emad, Ola, Emad, Shaimaa, Embabi, Mohamed, Ergenç, Ilkay, Ermolova, Tatiana, Esmat, Gamal, Esmat, Doaa M., Estupiñan, Enrique Carrera, Ettair, Said, Eugen, Tcaciuc, Ezz-Eldin, Mohammed, Falcón, Lidia Patricia Valdivieso, Fan, Yu-Chen, Fandari, Samah, Farag, Mahmoud, Farahat, Taghreed Mohamed, Fares, Eman M., Fares, Michael, Fassio, Eduardo, Fathy, Hayam, Fathy, Dina, Fathy, Wael, Fayed, Soheir, Feng, Dan, Feng, Gong, Fernández-Bermejo, Miguel, Ferreira, Cristina Targa, Ferrer, Javier Díaz, Forbes, Alastair, Fouad, Rabab, Fouad, Hanan M., Frisch, Tove, Fujii, Hideki, Fukunaga, Shuhei, Fukunishi, Shinya, Fulya, Hacer, Furuhashi, Masato, Gaber, Yasmine, Galang, Augusto Jose G., Gallardo, Jacqueline Cordova, Galloso, Rocío, Gamal, Mahmoud, Gamal, Reham, Gamal, Hadeel, Gan, Jian, Ganbold, Anar, Gao, Xin, Garas, George, Garba, Tony, García-Cortes, Miren, García-Monzón, Carmelo, García-Samaniego, Javier, Gastaldelli, Amalia, Gatica, Manuel, Gatley, Elizabeth, Gegeshidze, Tamar, Geng, Bin, Ghazinyan, Hasmik, Ghoneem, Salma, Giacomelli, Luca, Giannelli, Gianluigi, Giannini, Edoardo G., Giefer, Matthew, Ginès, Pere, Girala, Marcos, Giraudi, Pablo J, Goh, George Boon-Bee, Gomaa, Ahmed Ali, Gong, Benbingdi, Gonzales, Dina Hilda C., Gonzalez, Humberto C., Gonzalez-Huezo, Maria Saraí, Graupera, Isabel, Grgurevic, Ivica, Grønbæk, Henning, Gu, Xuelian, Guan, Lin, Gueye, Ibrahima, Guingané, Alice Nanelin, Gul, Ozen Oz, Gul, Cuma Bulent, Guo, Qing, Gupta, Pramendra Prasad, Gurakar, Ahmet, Gutierrez, Juan Carlos Restrepo, Habib, Ghada, Hafez, Azaa, Hagman, Emilia, Halawa, Eman, Hamdy, Osama, Hamed, Abd Elkhalek, Hamed, Dina H., Hamid, Saeed, Hamoudi, Waseem, Han, Yu, Haridy, James, Haridy, Hanan, Harris, David C H Harris, Hart, Michael, Hasan, Fuad, Hashim, Almoutaz, Hassan, Israa, Hassan, Ayman, Hassan, Essam Ali, Hassan, Adel Ahmed, Hassan, Magda Shehata, Hassanin, Fetouh, Hassnine, Alshymaa, Haukeland, John Willy, Hawal, Amr Ismael M., He, Jinfan, He, Qiong, He, Yong, He, Fang-Ping, Hegazy, Mona, Hegazy, Adham, Henegil, Osama, Hernández, Nelia, Hernández-Guerra, Manuel, Higuera-de-la-Tijera, Fatima, Hindy, Ibrahim, Hirota, Keisuke, Ho, Lee Chi, Hodge, Alexander, Hosny, Mohamed, Hou, Xin, Huang, Jiao-Feng, Huang, Yan, Huang, Zhifeng, Huang, Yuan, Huang, Ang, Huang, Xiao-Ping, Hui-ping, Sheng, Hunyady, Bela, Hussein, Mennatallah A., Hussein, Osama, Hussien, Shahinaz Mahmoud, Ibáñez-Samaniego, Luis, Ibdah, Jamal, Ibrahim, Luqman, Ibrahim, Miada, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Icaza-Chávez, Maria E., Idelbi, Sahar, Idilman, Ramazan Idilman, Ikeda, Mayumi, Indolfi, Giuseppe, Invernizzi, Federica, Irshad, Iram, Isa, Hasan Mohamed Ali, Iskandar, Natacha Jreige, Ismaiel, Abdulrahman, Ismail, Mariam, Ismail, Zulkifli, Ismail, Faisal, Iwamoto, Hideki, Jack, Kathryn, Jacob, Rachael, Jafarov, Fuad, Jafri, Wasim, Jahshan, Helen, Jalal, Prasun K, Jancoriene, Ligita, Janicko, Martin, Jayasena, Hiruni, Jefferies, Meryem, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, Fanpu, Ji, Yaqiu, Jia, Jidong, Jiang, Changtao, Jiang, Ni, Jiang, Zong-zhe, Jin, Xing, Jin, Yi, Jing, Xu, Jingyu, Qian, Jinjolava, Maia, Jong, FX Himawan Haryanto, Jucov, Alina, Julius, Ibecheole, Kaddah, Mona, Kamada, Yoshihiro, kamal, Abobakr, Kamal, Enas Mohamed, Kamel, Ashraf Sayed, Kao, Jia-Horng, Karin, Maja, Karlas, Thomas, Kashwaa, Mohammad, Katsidzira, Leolin, Kaya, Eda, Kayasseh, M.Azzam, Keenan, Bernadette, Keklikkiran, Caglayan, Keml, William, Khalaf, Deia K., Khalefa, Rofida, Khamis, Sherin, Khater, Doaa, khattab, Hamed, Khavkin, Anatoly, Khlynova, Olga, Khmis, Nabil, Kobyliak, Nazarii, Koffas, Apostolos, Koike, Kazuhiko, Kok, Kenneth Y.Y., Koller, Tomas, Komas, Narcisse Patrice, Korochanskaya, Nataliya V., Koulla, Yannoula, Koya, Shunji, Kraft, Colleen, Kraja, Bledar, Krawczyk, Marcin, Kuchay, Mohammad Shafi, Kulkarni, Anand V, Kumar, Ashish, Kumar, Manoj, Lakoh, Sulaiman, Lam, Philip, Lan, Ling, Lange, Naomi F., Lankarani, Kamran Bagheri, Lanthier, Nicolas, Lapshyna, Kateryna, Lashen, Sameh A., Laure, Konang Nguieguia Justine, Lazebnik, Leonid, Lebrec, Didier, Lee, Samuel S., Lee, Way Seah, Lee, Yeong Yeh, Leeming, Diana Julie, Leite, Nathalie Carvalho, Leon, Roberto, Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya, Li, Junfeng, Li, Qiong, Li, Jun, Li, Yang-Yang, Li, Yufang, Li, Lei, Li, Min, li, Yiling, Liang, Huiqing, Lijuan, Tang, Lim, Seng Gee, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lin, Shumei, Lin, Han-Chieh, Lin, Rita, Lithy, Rania, Liu, Yaru, Liu, Yuanyuan, Liu, Xin, Liu, Wen-Yue, Liu, Shourong, Liu, Ken, Liu, Tian, Lonardo, Amedeo, López, Mariana Bravo, López-Benages, Eva, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Lu, Huimin, Lu, Lun Gen, Lu, Yan, Lubel, John, Lui, Rashid, Lupasco, Iulianna, Luzina, Elena, Lv, Xiao-Hui, Lynch, Kate, Ma, Hong-Lei, Machado, Mariana Verdelho, Maduka, Nonso, Madzharova, Katerina, Magdaong, Russellini, Mahadeva, Sanjiv, Mahfouz, Amel, Mahmood, Nik Ritza Kosai Nik, Mahmoud, Eman, Mahrous, Mohamed, Maiwall, Rakhi, Majeed, Ammar, Majumdar, Avik, Mak, Loey, Maklouf, Madiha M, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mandato, Claudia, Mangia, Alessandra, Mann, Jake, Mansour, Hala Hussien, Mansouri, Abdellah, Mantovani, Alessandro, Mao, Jun qian, Maramag, Flor, Marchesini, Giulio, Marcus, Claude, Marinho, Rui António Rocha Tato, Martinez-Chantar, Maria L, Martins, Antonieta A. Soares, Marwan, Rana, Mason, Karen Frances, Masoud, Ghadeer, Massoud, Mohamed Naguib, Matamoros, Maria Amalia, Mateos, Rosa Martín, Mawed, Asmaa, Mbanya, Jean Claude, Mbendi, Charles, McColaugh, Lone, McLeod, Duncan, Medina, Juan Francisco Rivera, Megahed, Ahmed, Mehrez, Mai, Memon, Iqbal, Merat, Shahin, Mercado, Randy, Mesbah, Ahmed, Meskini, Taoufik, Metwally, Mayada, Metwaly, Rasha, Miao, Lei, Micah, Eileen, Miele, Luca, Milivojevic, Vladimir, Milovanovic, Tamara, Mina, Yvonne L., Mishkovik, Milan, Mishriki, Amal, Mitchell, Tim, Mohamed, Alshaimaa, Mohamed, Mona, Mohamed, Sofain, Mohammed, Shady, Mohammed, Ahmed, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohie, Sara, Mokhtar, Aalaa, Moniem, Reham, Montilla, Mabel Segura, Morales, Jose Antonio Orozco, Morata, María María Sánchez, Moreno-Planas, Jose Maria, Morise, Silvia, Mosaad, Sherif, Moselhy, Mohamed, Mostafa, Alaa Mohamed, Mostafa, Ebraheem, Mouane, Nezha, Mousa, Nasser, Moustafa, Hamdy Mahfouz, Msherif, Abeer, Muller, Kate, Munoz, Christopher, Muñoz-Urribarri, Ana Beatriz, Murillo, Omar Alfaro, Mustapha, Feisul Idzwan, Muzurović, Emir, Nabil, Yehia, Nafady, Shaymaa, Nagamatsu, Ayu, Nakajima, Atsushi, Nakano, Dan, Nan, Yuemin, Nascimbeni, Fabio, Naseef, Mirella S., Nashat, Nagwa, Natalia, Taran, Negro, Francesco, Nersesov, Alexander V., Neuman, Manuela, Ng'wanasayi, Masolwa, Ni, Yan, Nicoll, Amanda, Niizeki, Takashi, Nikolova, Dafina, Ningning, Wang, Niriella, Madunil, Nogoibaeva, K.A, Nordien, Rozeena, O Sullivan, Catherine, O'Beirne, James, Obekpa, Solomon, Ocama, Ponsiano, Ochwoto, Missiani, Ogolodom, Michael Promise, Ojo, Olusegun, Okrostsvaridze, Nana, Oliveira, Claudia P., Omaña, Raul Contreras, Omar, Omneya M., Omar, Hanaa, Omar, Mabroka, Omran, Salma, Omran, Reham, Osman, Marian Muse, Owise, Nevin, Owusu-Ansah, Theobald, Padilla- Machaca, P. Martín, Palle, Sirish, Pan, Ziyan, Pan, Xiao-Yan, Pan, Qiuwei, Papaefthymiou, Apostolis, Paquissi, Feliciano Chanana, Par, Gabriella, Parkash, Arit, Payawal, Diana, Peltekian, Kevork M., Peng, Xuebin, Peng, Liang, Peng, Ying, Pengoria, Rahul, Perez, Martina, Pérez, José Luis, Pérez, Norma Marlene, Persico, Marcello, Pessoa, Mário Guimarães, Petta, Salvatore, Philip, Mathew, Plaz Torres, Maria Corina, Polavarapu, Naveen, Poniachik, Jaime, Portincasa, Piero, Pu, Chunwen, Pürnak, Tuğrul, Purwanto, Edhie, Qi, Xiaolong, Qi, Xingshun, Qian, Zibing, Qiang, Zhao, Qiao, Zengpei, Qiao, Liang, Queiroz, Alberto, Rabiee, Atoosa, Radwan, Manal, Rahetilahy, Alain Marcel, Ramadan, Yasmin, Ramadan, Dina, Ramli, Anis Safura, Ramm, Grant A., Ran, Ao, Rankovic, Ivan, RAO, Huiying, Raouf, Sara, Ray, Sayantan, Reau, Nancy, Refaat, Ahmed, Reiberger, Thomas, Remes-Troche, Jose M, Reyes, Eira Cerda, Richardson, Ben, Ridruejo, Ezequiel, Riestra Jimenez, Sergio, Rizk, Ibrahim, Roberts, Stuart, Roblero, Juan Pablo, Robles, Jorge Alberto Prado, Rockey, Don, Rodríguez, Manuel, Rodríguez Hernández, Heriberto, Román, Eva, Romeiro, Fernando Gomes, Romeo, Stefano, Rosales-Zabal, Jose Miguel, Roshdi, Georgina R., Rosso, Natalia, Ruf, Andres, Ruiz, Patricia Cordero, Runes, Nelia R., Ruzzenente, Andrea, Ryan, Marno, Saad, Ahmed, Sabbagh, Eman BE, Sabbah, Meriam, Saber, Shimaa, Sabrey, Reham, Sabry, Ramy, Saeed, Maysaa Abdallah, Said, Dina, Said, Ebada M, Sakr, Mohammad Amin, Salah, Yara, Salama, Rabab Maamoun, Salama, Asmaa, Saleh, Hussein, Saleh, Ahmed, Salem, Ahmed, Salem, Ahmed Thabet, Salifou, Alkassoum, Salih, Aso Faeq, Salman, Abdallah, Samouda, Hanen, Sanai, Faisal, Sánchez-Ávila, Juan Francisco, Sanker, Lakshumanan, Sano, Tomoya, Sanz, Miquel, Saparbu, Tobokalova, Sawhney, Rohit, Sayed, Fatma, Sayed, Sayed A., Sayed, Ashraf Othman, Sayed, Manar, Sebastiani, Giada, Secadas, Laura, Sediqi, Khawaja Qamaruddin, Seif, Sameh, Semida, Nady, Şenateş, Ebubekir, Serban, Elena Daniela, Serfaty, Lawrence, Seto, Wai-Kay, Sghaier, Ikram, Sha, Min, Shabaan, Hamada M., Shalaby, Lobna, Shaltout, Inass, Sharara, Ala I., Sharma, Vishal, Shawa, Isaac Thom, Shawkat, Ahmed, Shawky, Nehal, Shehata, Osama, Sheils, Sinead, Shewaye, Abate Bane, Shi, Guojun, Shi, Junping, Shimose, Shigeo, Shirono, Tomotake, Shou, Lan, Shrestha, Ananta, Shui, Guanghou, Sievert, William, Sigurdardottir, Solveig, Sira, Mostafa Mohamed, Siradj, Riyadh, Sison, Cecilia, Smyth, Linda, Soliman, Reham, Sollano, Jose D, Sombie, Roger, Sonderup, Mark, Sood, Siddharth, Soriano, German, Stedman, Catherine A M, Stefanyuk, Oksana, Štimac, Davor, Strasser, Simone, Strnad, Pavel, Stuart, Katherine, Su, Wen, Su, Minghua, Sumida, Yoshio, Sumie, Shuji, Sun, Dan-Qin, Sun, Jing, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Svegliati-Baroni, Gianluca, Swar, Mohamed Osman, TAHARBOUCHT, S., Taher, Zenab, Takamura, Saori, Tan, Lin, Tan, Soek-Siam, Tanwandee, Tawesak, Tarek, Sara, Tatiana, Ghelimici, Tavaglione, Federica, Tecson, Gina Y., Tee, Hoi-Poh, Teschke, Rolf, Tharwat, Mostafa, Thong, Vo Duy, Thursz, Mark, Tine, Tulari, Tiribelli, Claudio, Tolmane, Ieva, Tong, Jing, Tongo, Marco, Torkie, Mamdouh, Torre, Aldo, Torres, Esther A, Trajkovska, Meri, Treeprasertsuk, Sombat, Tsutsumi, Tsubasa, Tu, Thomas, Tur, Josep A., Turan, Dilara, Turcan, Svetlana, Turkina, Svetlana, Tutar, Engin, Tzeuton, Christian, Ugiagbe, Rose, Uygun, Ahmet, Vacca, Michele, Vajro, Pietro, Van der Poorten, David, Van Kleef, Laurens A., Vashakidze, Eliza, Velazquez, Carlos Moctezuma, Velazquez, Mirtha Infante, Vento, Sandro, Verhoeven, Veronique, Vespasiani-Gentilucci, Umberto, Vethakkan, Shireene Ratna, Vilaseca, Josep, Vítek, Libor, Volkanovska, Ance, Wallace, Michael, Wan, Wang, Wang, Yan, Wang, Ying, Wang, Xiaolin, Wang, Xuemei, Wang, Chengyan, Wang, Chunjiong, Wang, Mingjie, Wangchuk, Pelden, Weltman, Martin, White, MaryFrances, Wiegand, Johannes, Wifi, Mohamed-Naguib, Wigg, Alan, Wilhelmi, Markus, William, Remon, Wittenburg, Henning, Wu, Shengjie, Wubeneh, Abdu Mohammed, Xia, Hongping, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Xiao, Xiaofeng, Wang, Xiong, Wanyuan, Xu, Liang, Xu, Jie, Xu, Weiguo, Xu, Jing-Hang, Xu, Keshu, Xu, Yumin, Xu, Shi-Hao, Xu, Meng, Xu, Aimin, Xu, Chengfu, Yan, Hongmei, Yang, Jingyi, Yang, Rui-Xu, Yang, Yating, Yang, Qinhe, Yang, Naibin, Yao, Jia, Yara, Justine, Yaraş, Serkan, Yılmaz, Nimet, Younes, Ramy, younes, Huda, Young, Sona, Youssef, Farah, Yu, Yanyan, Yu, Ming-Lung, Yuan, Jing, Yue, Zhang, Yuen, Man-Fung, Yun, Wang, Yurukova, Nonka, Zakaria, Serag, Zaky, Samy, Zaldastanishvili, Maia, Zapata, Rodrigo, Zare, Nazanin, Zerem, Enver, Zeriban, Nema, Zeshuai, Xu, Zhang, Huijie, Zhang, Xuemei, Zhang, Yupei, Zhang, Wen-Hua, Zhang, Xuchen, Zhang, Yon-ping, Zhang, Yuexin, Zhang, Zhan-qing, Zhao, Jingmin, Zhao, Rong-Rong, Zhao, Hongwei, Zheng, Chao, Zheng, Yijie, Zheng, Ruidan, Zheng, Tian-Lei, Zheng, Kenneth, Zhou, Xi Qiao, Zhou, Yongjian, Zhou, Yu-Jie, Zhou, Hong, Zhou, Ling, Zhou, Yongning, Zhu, Long dong, Zhu, Yong Fen, Zhu, Yueyong, Zhu, Pei-Wu, Ziada, Ebtesam, Ziring, David, Ziyi, Li, Zou, Shanshan, Zou, Zhengsheng, Zou, Huaibin, Zuart Ruiz, Roberto, Méndez-Sánchez, Nahum, Bugianesi, Elisabetta, Gish, Robert G, Lammert, Frank, Tilg, Herbert, Nguyen, Mindie H, Sarin, Shiv K, Fabrellas, Núria, Zelber-Sagi, Shira, Fan, Jian-Gao, Shiha, Gamal, Targher, Giovanni, Zheng, Ming-Hua, Chan, Wah-Kheong, Vinker, Shlomo, Kawaguchi, Takumi, Castera, Laurent, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Korenjak, Marko, Spearman, C Wendy, Ungan, Mehmet, Palmer, Melissa, El-Shabrawi, Mortada, Gruss, Hans-Juergen, Dufour, Jean-François, Dhawan, Anil, Wedemeyer, Heiner, George, Jacob, Valenti, Luca, Fouad, Yasser, Romero‐Gomez, Manuel, and Eslam, Mohammed

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2022
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45. Global multi-stakeholder endorsement of the MAFLD definition

Author

Méndez-Sánchez, Nahum, primary, Bugianesi, Elisabetta, additional, Gish, Robert G, additional, Lammert, Frank, additional, Tilg, Herbert, additional, Nguyen, Mindie H, additional, Sarin, Shiv K, additional, Fabrellas, Núria, additional, Zelber-Sagi, Shira, additional, Fan, Jian-Gao, additional, Shiha, Gamal, additional, Targher, Giovanni, additional, Zheng, Ming-Hua, additional, Chan, Wah-Kheong, additional, Vinker, Shlomo, additional, Kawaguchi, Takumi, additional, Castera, Laurent, additional, Yilmaz, Yusuf, additional, Korenjak, Marko, additional, Spearman, C Wendy, additional, Ungan, Mehmet, additional, Palmer, Melissa, additional, El-Shabrawi, Mortada, additional, Gruss, Hans-Juergen, additional, Dufour, Jean-François, additional, Dhawan, Anil, additional, Wedemeyer, Heiner, additional, George, Jacob, additional, Valenti, Luca, additional, Fouad, Yasser, additional, Romero‐Gomez, Manuel, additional, Eslam, Mohammed, additional, Abate, Maria Lorena, additional, Abbas, Bahaa, additional, Abbassy, Ahmed Amr, additional, Abd El Ghany, Waleed, additional, Abd Elkhalek, Amira, additional, Abd ElMajeed, Emad, additional, Abdalgaber, Mohammad, additional, AbdAllah, Mohamed, additional, Abdallah, Marwa, additional, Abdallah, Nourhan, additional, Abdelaleem, Shereen, additional, Abdelghani, Yasser, additional, Abdelghany, Wael, additional, Abdelhalim, Safaa Mohamed, additional, Abdelhamid, Wafaa, additional, Abdelhamid, Nehal, additional, Abdelkader, Nadia A., additional, Abdelkreem, Elsayed, additional, Abdelmohsen, Aly Mohamed, additional, Abdelrahman, Awny Ali, additional, Abd-elsalam, Sherief M, additional, Abdeltawab, Doaa, additional, Abduh, Abdulbaset, additional, Abdulhakam, Nada, additional, Abdulla, Maheeba, additional, Abedpoor, Navid, additional, Abenavoli, Ludovico, additional, Åberg, Fredrik, additional, Ablack, Omala, additional, Abo elftouh, Mostafa, additional, Abo-Amer, Yousry Esam-Eldin, additional, Aboubkr, Ashraf, additional, Aboud, Alaa, additional, Abouelnaga, Amr M., additional, Aboufarrag, Galal A., additional, Aboutaleb, Ashraf, additional, Abundis, Leticia, additional, Adalı, Gupse, additional, Adames, Enrique, additional, Adams, Leon, additional, Adda, Danjuma, additional, Adel, Noor, additional, Adel, Nada, additional, Adel Sayed, Muhammad, additional, Afaa, Taiba Jibril, additional, Afredj, Nawal, additional, Aghayeva, Gulnara, additional, Aghemo, Alessio, additional, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., additional, Ahlenstiel, Golo, additional, Ahmady, Walid, additional, Ahmed, Wafaa, additional, Ahmed, Amira, additional, Ahmed, Samah Nasser, additional, Ahmed, Heba Mostafa, additional, Ahmed, Rasha, additional, Aigner, Elmar, additional, Akarsu, Mesut, additional, Akroush, Maisam, additional, Akyuz, Umit, additional, Al Mahtab, Mamun, additional, Al Qadiri, Tahani, additional, Al Rawahi, Yusriya, additional, AL rubaee, Razzaq, additional, Al Saffar, Muna, additional, Alam, Shahinul, additional, Al-Ani, Zaid, additional, Albillos, Agustín, additional, Alboraie, Mohamed, additional, Al-Busafi, Said, additional, Al-Emam, Mohamed, additional, Alharthi, Jawaher, additional, Ali, Kareem, additional, Ali, Basma Abdelmoez, additional, Ali, Mohammad, additional, Ali, Raja Affendi Raja, additional, Alisi, Anna, additional, AL-Khafaji, Ali Raad, additional, Alkhatry, Maryam, additional, Aller, Rocio, additional, Almansoury, Yahya, additional, Al-Naamani, Khalid, additional, Alnakeeb, Alaa, additional, Alonso, Anna, additional, Alqahtani, Saleh A., additional, Alrabadi, Leina, additional, Alswat, Khalid, additional, Altaher, Mahir, additional, Altamimi, Turki, additional, Altamirano, Jose, additional, Alvares-da-Silva, Mario R., additional, Aly, Elsragy Adel M., additional, Alzahaby, Amgad, additional, Alzamzamy, Ahmed, additional, Amano, Keisuke, additional, Amer, Maysa A., additional, Amin, Mona A., additional, Amin, Sayed A., additional, Amir, Ashraf A., additional, Ampuero, Javier, additional, Anas, Noha, additional, Andreone, Pietro, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, additional, Anees, Mahmoud, additional, Angela, Peltec, additional, Antonios, Manal, additional, Arafat, Wael, additional, Araya, Jose Moreno, additional, Armendariz-Borunda, Juan, additional, Armstrong, Matthew J., additional, Ashktorab, Hassan, additional, Aspichueta, Patricia, additional, Assal, Fathia, additional, Atef, Mira, additional, Attia, Dina, additional, Atwa, Hoda, additional, Awad, Reham, additional, Awad, Mohyeldeen Abd Elaziz, additional, Awny, Sally, additional, Awolowo, Obafemi, additional, Awuku, Yaw Asante, additional, Ayada, Ibrahim, additional, Aye, Than Than, additional, Ayman, Sherif, additional, Ayman, Hedy, additional, Ayoub, Hesham, additional, Azmy, Hosny M., additional, Babaran, Romiro P., additional, Badreldin, Omneya, additional, Badry, Ahmed, additional, Bahçecioğlu, İbrahim Halil, additional, Bahour, Amira, additional, Bai, Jiajia, additional, Balaban, Yasemin, additional, Balasubramanyam, Muthuswamy, additional, Bamakhrama, Khaled, additional, Banales, Jesus M, additional, Bangaru, Babu, additional, Bao, Jianfeng, additional, Barahona, Jorge Suazo, additional, Barakat, Salma, additional, Barbalho, Sandra Maria, additional, Barbra, Bikwa, additional, Barranco, Beatriz, additional, Barrera, Francisco, additional, Baumann, Ulrich, additional, Bazeed, Shamardan, additional, Bech, Eva, additional, Benayad, Aourarh, additional, Benesic, Andreas, additional, Bernstein, David, additional, Bessone, Fernando, additional, Birney, Susie, additional, Bisseye, Cyrille, additional, Blake, Martin, additional, Bobat, Bilal, additional, Bonfrate, Leonilde, additional, Bordin, Dmitry S, additional, Bosques-Padilla, Francisco, additional, Boursier, Jerome, additional, Boushab, Boushab Mohamed, additional, Bowen, David, additional, Bravo, Patricia Medina, additional, Brennan, Paul N, additional, Bright, Bisi, additional, Broekaert, Ilse, additional, Buque, Xabier, additional, Burgos-Santamaría, Diego, additional, Burman, Julio, additional, Busetto, Luca, additional, Byrne, Chris D., additional, Cabral-Prodigalidad, Patricia Anne I., additional, Cabrera-Alvarez, Guillermo, additional, Cai, Wei, additional, Cainelli, Francesca, additional, Caliskan, Ali Riza, additional, Canbay, Ali, additional, Cano-Contreras, Ana, additional, Cao, Hai-Xia, additional, Cao, Zhujun, additional, Carrion, Andres, additional, Carubbi, Francesca, additional, Casanovas, Teresa, additional, Castellanos Fernández, Marlen Ivón, additional, Chai, Jin, additional, Chan, Siew Pheng, additional, Charatcharoenwitthaya, Phunchai, additional, Chavez-Tapia, Norberto, additional, Chayama, Kazuaki, additional, Chen, Jinjun, additional, Chen, Lin, additional, Chen, Zhong-Wei, additional, Chen, Huiting, additional, Chen, Sui-Dan, additional, Chen, Qiang, additional, Chen, Yaxi, additional, Chen, Gang, additional, Chen, En-Quang, additional, Chen, Fei, additional, Chen, Pei-Jer, additional, Cheng, Robert, additional, Cheng, Wendy, additional, Chieh, Jack Tan Wei, additional, Chokr, Imad, additional, Cholongitas, Evangelos, additional, Choudhury, Ashok, additional, Chowdhury, Abhijit, additional, Chukwudike, Evaristus Sunday, additional, Ciardullo, Stefano, additional, Clayton, Michelle, additional, Clement, Karine, additional, Cloa, Marie Michelle, additional, Coccia, Cecilia, additional, Collazos, Cristina, additional, Colombo, Massimo, additional, Cosar, Arif Mansur, additional, Cotrim, Helma Pinchemel, additional, Couillerot, Joris, additional, Coulibaly, Alioune, additional, Crespo, Gonzalo, additional, Crespo, Javier, additional, Cruells, Maria, additional, Cua, Ian Homer Y., additional, Dabbous, Hesham K., additional, Dalekos, George N, additional, D'Alia, Patricia, additional, Dan, Li, additional, Dao, Viet Hang, additional, Darwish, Mostafa, additional, Datz, Christian, additional, Davalos-Moscol, Milagros B, additional, Dawoud, Heba, additional, de Careaga, Blanca Olaechea, additional, de Knegt, Robert, additional, de Ledinghen, Victor, additional, de Silva, Janaka, additional, Debzi, Nabil, additional, Decraecker, Marie, additional, Del Pozo, Elvira, additional, Delgado, Teresa C, additional, Delgado-Blanco, Manuel, additional, Dembiński, Łukasz, additional, Depina, Adilson, additional, Derbala, Moutaz, additional, Desalegn, Hailemichael, additional, Desbois-Mouthon, Christèle, additional, Desoky, Mahmoud, additional, Dev, Anouk, additional, Di Ciaula, Agostino, additional, Diago, Moisés, additional, Diallo, Ibrahima, additional, Díaz, Luis Antonio, additional, Dirchwolf, Melisa, additional, Dongiovanni, Paola, additional, Dorofeyev, Andrriy, additional, Dou, Xiaoguang, additional, Douglas, Mark W., additional, Doulberis, Michael, additional, Dovia, Cecil K., additional, Doyle, Adam, additional, Dragojević, Ivana, additional, Drenth, Joost PH, additional, Duan, Xuefei, additional, Dulskas, Audrius, additional, Dumitrascu, Dan L, additional, Duncan, Oliver, additional, Dusabejambo, Vincent, additional, Dwawhi, Rev. Shem N.A., additional, Eiketsu, Sho, additional, El Amrousy, Doaa, additional, El Deeb, Ahmed, additional, El Deriny, Ghada, additional, El Din, Hesham Salah, additional, El Kamshishy, Salwa, additional, El Kassas, Mohamed, additional, El Raziky, Maissa, additional, Elagamy, Osama A, additional, Elakel, Wafaa, additional, Elalfy, Dina, additional, Elaraby, Hanaa, additional, ElAwady, Heba, additional, Elbadawy, Reda, additional, Eldash, Hanaa Hassan, additional, Eldefrawy, Manal S., additional, Elecharri, Carol Lezama, additional, Elfaramawy, Amel, additional, Elfatih, Mohammed, additional, Elfiky, Mahmoud, additional, Elgamsy, Mohamed, additional, Elgendy, Mohamed, additional, El-Guindi, Mohamed A., additional, Elhussieny, Nagi, additional, Eliwa, Ahmed Maher, additional, Elkabbany, Zeineb, additional, El-Khayat, Hesham, additional, El-Koofy, Nehal M., additional, Elmetwalli, Alaa, additional, Elrabat, Amr, additional, El-Raey, Fathiya, additional, Elrashdy, Fatma, additional, Elsahhar, Medhat, additional, Elsaid, Esraa M., additional, Elsayed, Shimaa, additional, Elsayed, Hany, additional, Elsayed, Aly, additional, Elsayed, Amr M., additional, Elsayed, Hamdy, additional, El-Serafy, Magdy, additional, Elsharkawy, Ahmed M., additional, Elsheemy, Reem Yehia, additional, Elshemy, Eman Elsayed, additional, Elsherbini, Sara, additional, Eltoukhy, Naglaa, additional, Elwakil, Reda, additional, Emad, Ola, additional, Emad, Shaimaa, additional, Embabi, Mohamed, additional, Ergenç, Ilkay, additional, Ermolova, Tatiana, additional, Esmat, Gamal, additional, Esmat, Doaa M., additional, Estupiñan, Enrique Carrera, additional, Ettair, Said, additional, Eugen, Tcaciuc, additional, Ezz-Eldin, Mohammed, additional, Falcón, Lidia Patricia Valdivieso, additional, Fan, Yu-Chen, additional, Fandari, Samah, additional, Farag, Mahmoud, additional, Farahat, Taghreed Mohamed, additional, Fares, Eman M., additional, Fares, Michael, additional, Fassio, Eduardo, additional, Fathy, Hayam, additional, Fathy, Dina, additional, Fathy, Wael, additional, Fayed, Soheir, additional, Feng, Dan, additional, Feng, Gong, additional, Fernández-Bermejo, Miguel, additional, Ferreira, Cristina Targa, additional, Ferrer, Javier Díaz, additional, Forbes, Alastair, additional, Fouad, Rabab, additional, Fouad, Hanan M., additional, Frisch, Tove, additional, Fujii, Hideki, additional, Fukunaga, Shuhei, additional, Fukunishi, Shinya, additional, Fulya, Hacer, additional, Furuhashi, Masato, additional, Gaber, Yasmine, additional, Galang, Augusto Jose G., additional, Gallardo, Jacqueline Cordova, additional, Galloso, Rocío, additional, Gamal, Mahmoud, additional, Gamal, Reham, additional, Gamal, Hadeel, additional, Gan, Jian, additional, Ganbold, Anar, additional, Gao, Xin, additional, Garas, George, additional, Garba, Tony, additional, García-Cortes, Miren, additional, García-Monzón, Carmelo, additional, García-Samaniego, Javier, additional, Gastaldelli, Amalia, additional, Gatica, Manuel, additional, Gatley, Elizabeth, additional, Gegeshidze, Tamar, additional, Geng, Bin, additional, Ghazinyan, Hasmik, additional, Ghoneem, Salma, additional, Giacomelli, Luca, additional, Giannelli, Gianluigi, additional, Giannini, Edoardo G., additional, Giefer, Matthew, additional, Ginès, Pere, additional, Girala, Marcos, additional, Giraudi, Pablo J, additional, Goh, George Boon-Bee, additional, Gomaa, Ahmed Ali, additional, Gong, Benbingdi, additional, Gonzales, Dina Hilda C., additional, Gonzalez, Humberto C., additional, Gonzalez-Huezo, Maria Saraí, additional, Graupera, Isabel, additional, Grgurevic, Ivica, additional, Grønbæk, Henning, additional, Gu, Xuelian, additional, Guan, Lin, additional, Gueye, Ibrahima, additional, Guingané, Alice Nanelin, additional, Gul, Ozen Oz, additional, Gul, Cuma Bulent, additional, Guo, Qing, additional, Gupta, Pramendra Prasad, additional, Gurakar, Ahmet, additional, Gutierrez, Juan Carlos Restrepo, additional, Habib, Ghada, additional, Hafez, Azaa, additional, Hagman, Emilia, additional, Halawa, Eman, additional, Hamdy, Osama, additional, Hamed, Abd Elkhalek, additional, Hamed, Dina H., additional, Hamid, Saeed, additional, Hamoudi, Waseem, additional, Han, Yu, additional, Haridy, James, additional, Haridy, Hanan, additional, Harris, David C H Harris, additional, Hart, Michael, additional, Hasan, Fuad, additional, Hashim, Almoutaz, additional, Hassan, Israa, additional, Hassan, Ayman, additional, Hassan, Essam Ali, additional, Hassan, Adel Ahmed, additional, Hassan, Magda Shehata, additional, Hassanin, Fetouh, additional, Hassnine, Alshymaa, additional, Haukeland, John Willy, additional, Hawal, Amr Ismael M., additional, He, Jinfan, additional, He, Qiong, additional, He, Yong, additional, He, Fang-Ping, additional, Hegazy, Mona, additional, Hegazy, Adham, additional, Henegil, Osama, additional, Hernández, Nelia, additional, Hernández-Guerra, Manuel, additional, Higuera-de-la-Tijera, Fatima, additional, Hindy, Ibrahim, additional, Hirota, Keisuke, additional, Ho, Lee Chi, additional, Hodge, Alexander, additional, Hosny, Mohamed, additional, Hou, Xin, additional, Huang, Jiao-Feng, additional, Huang, Yan, additional, Huang, Zhifeng, additional, Huang, Yuan, additional, Huang, Ang, additional, Huang, Xiao-Ping, additional, Hui-ping, Sheng, additional, Hunyady, Bela, additional, Hussein, Mennatallah A., additional, Hussein, Osama, additional, Hussien, Shahinaz Mahmoud, additional, Ibáñez-Samaniego, Luis, additional, Ibdah, Jamal, additional, Ibrahim, Luqman, additional, Ibrahim, Miada, additional, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, additional, Icaza-Chávez, Maria E., additional, Idelbi, Sahar, additional, Idilman, Ramazan Idilman, additional, Ikeda, Mayumi, additional, Indolfi, Giuseppe, additional, Invernizzi, Federica, additional, Irshad, Iram, additional, Isa, Hasan Mohamed Ali, additional, Iskandar, Natacha Jreige, additional, Ismaiel, Abdulrahman, additional, Ismail, Mariam, additional, Ismail, Zulkifli, additional, Ismail, Faisal, additional, Iwamoto, Hideki, additional, Jack, Kathryn, additional, Jacob, Rachael, additional, Jafarov, Fuad, additional, Jafri, Wasim, additional, Jahshan, Helen, additional, Jalal, Prasun K, additional, Jancoriene, Ligita, additional, Janicko, Martin, additional, Jayasena, Hiruni, additional, Jefferies, Meryem, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, Fanpu, additional, Ji, Yaqiu, additional, Jia, Jidong, additional, Jiang, Changtao, additional, Jiang, Ni, additional, Jiang, Zong-zhe, additional, Jin, Xing, additional, Jin, Yi, additional, Jing, Xu, additional, Jingyu, Qian, additional, Jinjolava, Maia, additional, Jong, FX Himawan Haryanto, additional, Jucov, Alina, additional, Julius, Ibecheole, additional, Kaddah, Mona, additional, Kamada, Yoshihiro, additional, kamal, Abobakr, additional, Kamal, Enas Mohamed, additional, Kamel, Ashraf Sayed, additional, Kao, Jia-Horng, additional, Karin, Maja, additional, Karlas, Thomas, additional, Kashwaa, Mohammad, additional, Katsidzira, Leolin, additional, Kaya, Eda, additional, Kayasseh, M.Azzam, additional, Keenan, Bernadette, additional, Keklikkiran, Caglayan, additional, Keml, William, additional, Khalaf, Deia K., additional, Khalefa, Rofida, additional, Khamis, Sherin, additional, Khater, Doaa, additional, khattab, Hamed, additional, Khavkin, Anatoly, additional, Khlynova, Olga, additional, Khmis, Nabil, additional, Kobyliak, Nazarii, additional, Koffas, Apostolos, additional, Koike, Kazuhiko, additional, Kok, Kenneth Y.Y., additional, Koller, Tomas, additional, Komas, Narcisse Patrice, additional, Korochanskaya, Nataliya V., additional, Koulla, Yannoula, additional, Koya, Shunji, additional, Kraft, Colleen, additional, Kraja, Bledar, additional, Krawczyk, Marcin, additional, Kuchay, Mohammad Shafi, additional, Kulkarni, Anand V, additional, Kumar, Ashish, additional, Kumar, Manoj, additional, Lakoh, Sulaiman, additional, Lam, Philip, additional, Lan, Ling, additional, Lange, Naomi F., additional, Lankarani, Kamran Bagheri, additional, Lanthier, Nicolas, additional, Lapshyna, Kateryna, additional, Lashen, Sameh A., additional, Laure, Konang Nguieguia Justine, additional, Lazebnik, Leonid, additional, Lebrec, Didier, additional, Lee, Samuel S., additional, Lee, Way Seah, additional, Lee, Yeong Yeh, additional, Leeming, Diana Julie, additional, Leite, Nathalie Carvalho, additional, Leon, Roberto, additional, Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya, additional, Li, Junfeng, additional, Li, Qiong, additional, Li, Jun, additional, Li, Yang-Yang, additional, Li, Yufang, additional, Li, Lei, additional, Li, Min, additional, li, Yiling, additional, Liang, Huiqing, additional, Lijuan, Tang, additional, Lim, Seng Gee, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Lin, Shumei, additional, Lin, Han-Chieh, additional, Lin, Rita, additional, Lithy, Rania, additional, Liu, Yaru, additional, Liu, Yuanyuan, additional, Liu, Xin, additional, Liu, Wen-Yue, additional, Liu, Shourong, additional, Liu, Ken, additional, Liu, Tian, additional, Lonardo, Amedeo, additional, López, Mariana Bravo, additional, López-Benages, Eva, additional, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, additional, Lu, Huimin, additional, Lu, Lun Gen, additional, Lu, Yan, additional, Lubel, John, additional, Lui, Rashid, additional, Lupasco, Iulianna, additional, Luzina, Elena, additional, Lv, Xiao-Hui, additional, Lynch, Kate, additional, Ma, Hong-Lei, additional, Machado, Mariana Verdelho, additional, Maduka, Nonso, additional, Madzharova, Katerina, additional, Magdaong, Russellini, additional, Mahadeva, Sanjiv, additional, Mahfouz, Amel, additional, Mahmood, Nik Ritza Kosai Nik, additional, Mahmoud, Eman, additional, Mahrous, Mohamed, additional, Maiwall, Rakhi, additional, Majeed, Ammar, additional, Majumdar, Avik, additional, Mak, Loey, additional, Maklouf, Madiha M, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Mandato, Claudia, additional, Mangia, Alessandra, additional, Mann, Jake, additional, Mansour, Hala Hussien, additional, Mansouri, Abdellah, additional, Mantovani, Alessandro, additional, Mao, Jun qian, additional, Maramag, Flor, additional, Marchesini, Giulio, additional, Marcus, Claude, additional, Marinho, Rui António Rocha Tato, additional, Martinez-Chantar, Maria L, additional, Martins, Antonieta A. Soares, additional, Marwan, Rana, additional, Mason, Karen Frances, additional, Masoud, Ghadeer, additional, Massoud, Mohamed Naguib, additional, Matamoros, Maria Amalia, additional, Mateos, Rosa Martín, additional, Mawed, Asmaa, additional, Mbanya, Jean Claude, additional, Mbendi, Charles, additional, McColaugh, Lone, additional, McLeod, Duncan, additional, Medina, Juan Francisco Rivera, additional, Megahed, Ahmed, additional, Mehrez, Mai, additional, Memon, Iqbal, additional, Merat, Shahin, additional, Mercado, Randy, additional, Mesbah, Ahmed, additional, Meskini, Taoufik, additional, Metwally, Mayada, additional, Metwaly, Rasha, additional, Miao, Lei, additional, Micah, Eileen, additional, Miele, Luca, additional, Milivojevic, Vladimir, additional, Milovanovic, Tamara, additional, Mina, Yvonne L., additional, Mishkovik, Milan, additional, Mishriki, Amal, additional, Mitchell, Tim, additional, Mohamed, Alshaimaa, additional, Mohamed, Mona, additional, Mohamed, Sofain, additional, Mohammed, Shady, additional, Mohammed, Ahmed, additional, Mohan, Viswanathan, additional, Mohie, Sara, additional, Mokhtar, Aalaa, additional, Moniem, Reham, additional, Montilla, Mabel Segura, additional, Morales, Jose Antonio Orozco, additional, Morata, María María Sánchez, additional, Moreno-Planas, Jose Maria, additional, Morise, Silvia, additional, Mosaad, Sherif, additional, Moselhy, Mohamed, additional, Mostafa, Alaa Mohamed, additional, Mostafa, Ebraheem, additional, Mouane, Nezha, additional, Mousa, Nasser, additional, Moustafa, Hamdy Mahfouz, additional, Msherif, Abeer, additional, Muller, Kate, additional, Munoz, Christopher, additional, Muñoz-Urribarri, Ana Beatriz, additional, Murillo, Omar Alfaro, additional, Mustapha, Feisul Idzwan, additional, Muzurović, Emir, additional, Nabil, Yehia, additional, Nafady, Shaymaa, additional, Nagamatsu, Ayu, additional, Nakajima, Atsushi, additional, Nakano, Dan, additional, Nan, Yuemin, additional, Nascimbeni, Fabio, additional, Naseef, Mirella S., additional, Nashat, Nagwa, additional, Natalia, Taran, additional, Negro, Francesco, additional, Nersesov, Alexander V., additional, Neuman, Manuela, additional, Ng'wanasayi, Masolwa, additional, Ni, Yan, additional, Nicoll, Amanda, additional, Niizeki, Takashi, additional, Nikolova, Dafina, additional, Ningning, Wang, additional, Niriella, Madunil, additional, Nogoibaeva, K.A, additional, Nordien, Rozeena, additional, O Sullivan, Catherine, additional, O'Beirne, James, additional, Obekpa, Solomon, additional, Ocama, Ponsiano, additional, Ochwoto, Missiani, additional, Ogolodom, Michael Promise, additional, Ojo, Olusegun, additional, Okrostsvaridze, Nana, additional, Oliveira, Claudia P., additional, Omaña, Raul Contreras, additional, Omar, Omneya M., additional, Omar, Hanaa, additional, Omar, Mabroka, additional, Omran, Salma, additional, Omran, Reham, additional, Osman, Marian Muse, additional, Owise, Nevin, additional, Owusu-Ansah, Theobald, additional, Padilla- Machaca, P. Martín, additional, Palle, Sirish, additional, Pan, Ziyan, additional, Pan, Xiao-Yan, additional, Pan, Qiuwei, additional, Papaefthymiou, Apostolis, additional, Paquissi, Feliciano Chanana, additional, Par, Gabriella, additional, Parkash, Arit, additional, Payawal, Diana, additional, Peltekian, Kevork M., additional, Peng, Xuebin, additional, Peng, Liang, additional, Peng, Ying, additional, Pengoria, Rahul, additional, Perez, Martina, additional, Pérez, José Luis, additional, Pérez, Norma Marlene, additional, Persico, Marcello, additional, Pessoa, Mário Guimarães, additional, Petta, Salvatore, additional, Philip, Mathew, additional, Plaz Torres, Maria Corina, additional, Polavarapu, Naveen, additional, Poniachik, Jaime, additional, Portincasa, Piero, additional, Pu, Chunwen, additional, Pürnak, Tuğrul, additional, Purwanto, Edhie, additional, Qi, Xiaolong, additional, Qi, Xingshun, additional, Qian, Zibing, additional, Qiang, Zhao, additional, Qiao, Zengpei, additional, Qiao, Liang, additional, Queiroz, Alberto, additional, Rabiee, Atoosa, additional, Radwan, Manal, additional, Rahetilahy, Alain Marcel, additional, Ramadan, Yasmin, additional, Ramadan, Dina, additional, Ramli, Anis Safura, additional, Ramm, Grant A., additional, Ran, Ao, additional, Rankovic, Ivan, additional, RAO, Huiying, additional, Raouf, Sara, additional, Ray, Sayantan, additional, Reau, Nancy, additional, Refaat, Ahmed, additional, Reiberger, Thomas, additional, Remes-Troche, Jose M, additional, Reyes, Eira Cerda, additional, Richardson, Ben, additional, Ridruejo, Ezequiel, additional, Riestra Jimenez, Sergio, additional, Rizk, Ibrahim, additional, Roberts, Stuart, additional, Roblero, Juan Pablo, additional, Robles, Jorge Alberto Prado, additional, Rockey, Don, additional, Rodríguez, Manuel, additional, Rodríguez Hernández, Heriberto, additional, Román, Eva, additional, Romeiro, Fernando Gomes, additional, Romeo, Stefano, additional, Rosales-Zabal, Jose Miguel, additional, Roshdi, Georgina R., additional, Rosso, Natalia, additional, Ruf, Andres, additional, Ruiz, Patricia Cordero, additional, Runes, Nelia R., additional, Ruzzenente, Andrea, additional, Ryan, Marno, additional, Saad, Ahmed, additional, Sabbagh, Eman BE, additional, Sabbah, Meriam, additional, Saber, Shimaa, additional, Sabrey, Reham, additional, Sabry, Ramy, additional, Saeed, Maysaa Abdallah, additional, Said, Dina, additional, Said, Ebada M, additional, Sakr, Mohammad Amin, additional, Salah, Yara, additional, Salama, Rabab Maamoun, additional, Salama, Asmaa, additional, Saleh, Hussein, additional, Saleh, Ahmed, additional, Salem, Ahmed, additional, Salem, Ahmed Thabet, additional, Salifou, Alkassoum, additional, Salih, Aso Faeq, additional, Salman, Abdallah, additional, Samouda, Hanen, additional, Sanai, Faisal, additional, Sánchez-Ávila, Juan Francisco, additional, Sanker, Lakshumanan, additional, Sano, Tomoya, additional, Sanz, Miquel, additional, Saparbu, Tobokalova, additional, Sawhney, Rohit, additional, Sayed, Fatma, additional, Sayed, Sayed A., additional, Sayed, Ashraf Othman, additional, Sayed, Manar, additional, Sebastiani, Giada, additional, Secadas, Laura, additional, Sediqi, Khawaja Qamaruddin, additional, Seif, Sameh, additional, Semida, Nady, additional, Şenateş, Ebubekir, additional, Serban, Elena Daniela, additional, Serfaty, Lawrence, additional, Seto, Wai-Kay, additional, Sghaier, Ikram, additional, Sha, Min, additional, Shabaan, Hamada M., additional, Shalaby, Lobna, additional, Shaltout, Inass, additional, Sharara, Ala I., additional, Sharma, Vishal, additional, Shawa, Isaac Thom, additional, Shawkat, Ahmed, additional, Shawky, Nehal, additional, Shehata, Osama, additional, Sheils, Sinead, additional, Shewaye, Abate Bane, additional, Shi, Guojun, additional, Shi, Junping, additional, Shimose, Shigeo, additional, Shirono, Tomotake, additional, Shou, Lan, additional, Shrestha, Ananta, additional, Shui, Guanghou, additional, Sievert, William, additional, 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Published
2022
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46. Regulation of Rac1 and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Response to Infection of Gastrointestinal Epithelia.

Author

Gerco den Hartog, Ranajoy Chattopadhyay, Amber Ablack, Emily H Hall, Lindsay D Butcher, Asima Bhattacharyya, Lars Eckmann, Paul R Harris, Soumita Das, Peter B Ernst, and Sheila E Crowe

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during infection is an immediate host defense leading to microbial killing. APE1 is a multifunctional protein induced by ROS and after induction, protects against ROS-mediated DNA damage. Rac1 and NAPDH oxidase (Nox1) are important contributors of ROS generation following infection and associated with gastrointestinal epithelial injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if APE1 regulates the function of Rac1 and Nox1 during oxidative stress. Gastric or colonic epithelial cells (wild-type or with suppressed APE1) were infected with Helicobacter pylori or Salmonella enterica and assessed for Rac1 and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Rac1 and APE1 interactions were measured by co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy and proximity ligation assay (PLA) in cell lines or in biopsy specimens. Significantly greater levels of ROS were produced by APE1-deficient human gastric and colonic cell lines and primary gastric epithelial cells compared to control cells after infection with either gastric or enteric pathogens. H. pylori activated Rac1 and Nox1 in all cell types, but activation was higher in APE1 suppressed cells. APE1 overexpression decreased H. pylori-induced ROS generation, Rac1 activation, and Nox1 expression. We determined that the effects of APE1 were mediated through its N-terminal lysine residues interacting with Rac1, leading to inhibition of Nox1 expression and ROS generation. APE1 is a negative regulator of oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal epithelium during bacterial infection by modulating Rac1 and Nox1. Our results implicate APE1 in novel molecular interactions that regulate early stress responses elicited by microbial infections.

Published
2016
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47. Talin-1 is the principal platelet Rap1 effector of integrin activation

Author

Miguel Alejandro Lopez-Ramirez, David S. Paul, Mark H. Ginsberg, Monica N. Cuevas, Hao Sun, Jenny Lin, Andrew J. Valadez, Wolfgang Bergmeier, Frederic Lagarrigue, Jailal N. G. Ablack, Alexandre R. Gingras, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Talin, endocrine system, animal structures, Platelet Aggregation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Integrin, macromolecular substances, GTPase, Biochemistry, Thrombopoiesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Protein Domains, Animals, Point Mutation, Platelet, Platelet activation, Mice, Knockout, biology, Chemistry, Effector, Integrin beta1, Integrin beta3, rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins, Cell Biology, Hematology, Phosphatidylserine, Platelet Activation, Platelets and Thrombopoiesis, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates), 030104 developmental biology, rap GTP-Binding Proteins, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hemostasis, embryonic structures, biology.protein, Female, Rap1, Signal transduction, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) is a major convergence point of the platelet-signaling pathways that result in talin-1 binding to the integrin β cytoplasmic domain and consequent integrin activation, platelet aggregation, and effective hemostasis. The nature of the connection between Rap1 and talin-1 in integrin activation is an important remaining gap in our understanding of this process. Previous work identified a low-affinity Rap1-binding site in the talin-1 F0 domain that makes a small contribution to integrin activation in platelets. We recently identified an additional Rap1-binding site in the talin-1 F1 domain that makes a greater contribution than F0 in model systems. Here we generated mice bearing point mutations, which block Rap1 binding without affecting talin-1 expression, in either the talin-1 F1 domain (R118E) alone, which were viable, or in both the F0 and F1 domains (R35E,R118E), which were embryonic lethal. Loss of the Rap1–talin-1 F1 interaction in platelets markedly decreases talin-1–mediated activation of platelet β1- and β3-integrins. Integrin activation and platelet aggregation in mice whose platelets express only talin-1(R35E, R118E) are even more impaired, resembling the defect seen in platelets lacking both Rap1a and Rap1b. Although Rap1 is important in thrombopoiesis, platelet secretion, and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, loss of the Rap1–talin-1 interaction in talin-1(R35E, R118E) platelets had little effect on these processes. These findings show that talin-1 is the principal direct effector of Rap1 GTPases that regulates platelet integrin activation in hemostasis.

Published
2020

48. Immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine Formulated With the Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane Protein Proteolipid Vehicle Delivery System

Author

Arun Raturi, Jailal Ablack, Ping Wee, Prakash Bhandari, Douglas W. Brown, Maryam Hejazi, Nichole McMullen, Liliya Grin, Hector Vega, Henry Garcia, Natasha Govindasamy, Jitendra Kumar, Paola Solis Ares, Chandra McAllister, Katia Carmine-Simmen, Perrin H. Beatty, Adam Nelson, Eric S. Pringle, Thornton Thompson, Manoj Parmar, Jennifer Gyoba, Hong Jiang, Brent Johnston, Craig McCormick, Mary Foley, Magen Ellen Francis, Brian Abel, Alyson Kelvin, Roy Duncan, and John D. Lewis

Subjects
History, Polymers and Plastics, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Published
2022

49. Safe and Effective Delivery of Nucleic Acids Using Proteolipid Vehicles Formulated with Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane Proteins

Author

Douglas W. Brown, Ping Wee, Prakash Bhandari, Hector Vega, Liliya Grin, Deborah Sosnowski, Maryam Hejazi, Jailal Ablack, Eileen K. Clancy, Desmond Pink, Jitendra Kumar, Paola Solis Ares, Suellen Lamb, Nichole McMullen, Duncan MacKenzie, Perrin H. Beatty, Henry Garcia, Manoj Parmar, Jennifer Gyoba, Matthew Scholz, Roy Duncan, Arun Raturi, and John D. Lewis

Published
2022

50. Synthesis of Some New Benzimidazole Derivatives of Pharmaceutical Interest

Author

Fawzia Zakaria El-Ablack

Subjects
Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Reaction of 2-(aminomethyl)benzimidazole dihydrochloride (1) with ethyl acetoacetate was studied to give diazepinone-benzimidazole derivative (2), while, treatment of 1 with phenylhydrazono ethylacetoacetate afforded phenylhydrazino diazepinone derivative (3). On the other hand, reaction of 1 with acetyl acetone resulted in the formation of diazepine derivative (4). The reaction of 1 with ethyl cyanoacetate was studied to give 3-aminodiazepinone derivative (5). Also the reaction of 1 with acetophenone and/or benzophenone has been investigated to give the fused imidazolines 6 and 7 respectively, while the reaction of 1 with cyclopentanone gave benzimidazolyl derivative (8). Treatment of 1 with chloroacetyl chloride gave the fused pyrazinone (9). The treatment of 1 with benzoin gave the derivative (10). The structures of the hitherto unknown compounds have been confirmed from analytical and spectral data. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Published
2011
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