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Md Dilshad Manzar,1 Abdulrhman Albougami,1 Hamid Yimam Hassen,2 Mohamed Yacin Sikkandar,3 Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal,4,5 Ahmed S Bahammam6,7 1Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium; 3Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia; 4Somnogen Canada Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada; 5Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; 6The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11324, Saudi Arabia; 7National Plan for Science and Technology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Md Dilshad Manzar, Department of Nursing College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Email m.manzar@mu.edu.saPurpose: Few studies have investigated the validity of the Athens insomnia scale (AIS) using a robust approach of both classical theory and the rating scale model. Therefore, in this study, we investigated psychometric validation of the AIS using both of these approaches in nurses.Methods: Nurses (n= 563, age= 33.2± 7.1 years) working in health facilities in Saudi Arabia participated in a cross-sectional study. Participants completed the AIS, socio-demographics tool, and sleep health-related questions.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) favored a 2-factor structure with both comparative fit index (CFI), and incremental fit index (IFI) having values above 0.95. The 2-factor model had the lowest values of Akaike information criterion (AIC), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), χ2, and χ2/df. This 2-factor structure showed configural invariance (CFI more than 0.95, RMSEA less than 0.08, and &KHgr;2/df less than 3), and metric, scalar, and strict invariance (based on Δ CFI ≤-0.01, and Δ RMSEA ≥ 0.015 criteria). No ceiling/floor effects were seen for the AIS total scores. Infit and outfit mean square values for all the items were within the acceptable range (< 1.4, > 0.6). The threshold estimates for each item were ordered as expected. Cronbach’s α for the AIS tool, factor-1 score, factor-2 score was 0.86, 0.82, and 0.72, respectively. AIS factor scores-1/2 were significantly associated with a habitual feeling of tiredness after usual night sleep (p< 0.001), Impairment of daytime socio-occupational functioning (p< 0.05), and with a feeling of daytime fatigue, irritability, and restlessness (p< 0.05).Conclusion: The findings favor the validity of a 2-factor structure of the AIS with adequate item properties, convergent validity, and reliability in nurses.Keywords: insomnia, reliability, factor analysis, sleep, validity

Disaster can lead to stressful crises and life stress among individuals. One of the most vulnerable age groups to post-traumatic stress are older adults. As such, this study explored older Filipino adults’ living experiences pertaining to disaster during Typhoon Haiyan, highlighting the problems they encounter after the disaster and identifying factors that contribute to their disaster resilience. The researchers used a thematic analysis in the study among 11 older adults as participants. Three main themes were unveiled upon the analysis of the data: 1) feelings of powerlessness and selflessness within the self; 2) Individuals with positive and negative outlook, over time, slowly influence a positive outcome; and 3) accepting responsibility for one’s personal decisions and actions. Older adults’ immediate reaction after a disaster is the feeling of powerlessness. However, whether they have positive or negative outlooks about life, over time, these perspectives slowly influence a positive outcome, which leads to these older adults take hold on their responsibility as part of their personal decisions and actions to move forward. Gerontologists may suggest that older adults consider social support activities if they are receptive to them and may benefit from such activities, which can provide social contact, reduce alienation and isolation, and increase a sense of belonging, and life meaning.

Purpose To determine whether nurses' workaholic tendencies and demographic variables predict their professional quality of life. Design A cross-sectional design was utilized among 427 Saudi nurses which conveniently selected in four tertiary public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Findings Nurses' have higher workaholic tendencies level and moderate professional quality of life levels. Working more than 40 h per week correlates with one's risk of workaholism. Certain professional quality of life subscales is associated with gender, marital status, hospital experience, and work addiction tendencies. Practice implications The present study contributes to the development of new clinical practices by enlightening readers of the implications of workaholism for nurses' professional quality of life, so that this can be addressed and managed properly.

Problem Suicide incidences among adolescents and youths during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdowns have been reported across the world. However, no studies have been carried out to investigate cumulative nature, patterns, and causative factors of such suicide incidences. Methods A purposive sampling of Google news between 15 February and 6 July was performed. After excluding duplicate reports, the final list comprised a total of 37‐suicide cases across 11 countries. Findings More male suicides were reported (21‐cases, i.e., 56.76%), and the mean age of the total victims was 16.6 ± 2.7 years (out of a total of 29 cases). About two‐thirds of the suicides were from three countries named India (11‐cases), UK (8‐cases), and the USA (6‐cases). Out of 23‐student victims, 14 were school‐going students. Hanging was the most common suicide method accounting in 51.4% of cases. The most common suicide causalities were related to mental sufferings such as depression, loneliness, psychological distress, and so forth, whereas either online schooling or overwhelming academic distress was placed as the second most suicide stressors followed by TikTok addiction‐related psychological distress, and tested with the COVID‐19. Conclusions The finding of the temporal distribution of suicides concerning lockdowns may help in exploring and evolving public measures to prevent/decrease pandemic‐related suicides in young people.

Background Dementia among older adults is receiving increase attention due to its neurodegenerative pathologies and poses a significant challenge for healthcare services systems. Caring for older adults with dementia is frequently challenging. This integrative review appraised and synthesised the existing literature describing the nursing care given to older adults with dementia. Methods An integrative review was used using six electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, Science direct-Elsevier, Proquest, Pubmed and Web of Science). The search terms that were included in various combinations using mesh terms were as follows: nurse* OR nursing staff* AND caring OR care OR caring behavior OR affectionate OR compassionate AND older person* OR aging* OR elder* OR geriatric patient* OR older adult* OR gerontology* OR aged* OR old age. A standardised review by Kmet et al. instrument was utilised for appraising the quality of selected 13 articles. Results The results were presented based on the two major themes: challenges in providing care and identifying and managing older adults' difficult behaviours. Conclusion The findings of an integrative review can be used as a foundation for formulating recommendations for how dementia care by nurses can be improved and highlighting where policy development and further research are needed.

Context: Increase mindfulness can help the students in dealing and successfully finishing their studies. Therefore, it is warranted to know if autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) has an effect in the mindfulness of the nursing students. Aims: This study aimed to assess the immediate effects of ASMR stimulation on the mindful attention awareness of nursing students. Settings and Design: This is a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design with two experimental groups (whispering and auditory triggers) and a comparison group (personal attention role play trigger). Materials and Methods: Fifty-four nursing students from the college of applied medical sciences were assigned into three groups: (a) the whispering group (n = 18), (b) the auditory group (n = 18), and (c) the personal attention group (n = 18). An adapted Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) was used to assess the mindful attention awareness of nursing students. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-tests and ANOVA were employed to identify significant differences between pre- and post-test scores for each group. Results: Both MAAS posttest scores of the whispering sound (d = 0.49) and auditory sound (d = 0.48) acquired a significant Cohen's effect size value when compared to the personal attention triggers, suggesting a high practical significance. However, when the two experimental groups were compared, the effect size value was not significant (d = −0.02), established an equal effect on the mindful attention awareness of nursing students. Conclusion: ASMR is considered a promising intervention in the nursing education to improve students' mindful attention awareness. Specifically, the whispering and auditory sounds are better than the personal attention trigger sounds in increasing the mindfulness attention awareness scores of the nursing students.

Background The number of older adults with depression has increased in recent years. In relation to this, conducting a narrative review helps provide a better understanding of the adaptive functioning of depressed older adults and the significance of interventions in reducing depression. This narrative review investigates the nurses' management of depressed older adult patients. It also presents a detailed investigation of the barriers preventing nurses from successfully implementing nursing care for older adults. Methods A narrative literature review was performed on four electronic databases, namely, (i) Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, (ii) Pubmed, (iii) PsycINFO and (iv) Taylor and Francis. English language and peer-reviewed journal articles were included. Results A total of 19 articles were selected for the review, and four main themes were generated: (i) the challenges in implementing depression care management, (ii) the role of social support in depression treatment, (iii) the pharmacological management approach and (iv) the health care management process. Conclusion Nurses experience several challenges in implementing depression care management. The role of social support in the treatment of depression, pharmacological management and different types of health care management strategies all provide solutions for depressed older adults. The review findings provide insights for improving health care nursing services for depressed older adults and reducing the negative health outcomes in this population.

Objective There is a paucity of research evidence available regarding the impact of anxiety and sleep hygiene on insomnia and related sleep complaints among collegiate students in lower-income countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate if insomnia and insomnia-related sleep complaints are associated with anxiety, age, and sleep hygiene practices among a sample of university students in Ethiopia. Design Measures Setting and Participants The participants were young adults (n=525; mean age 21.5 ± 3.0 years; mean BMI of 20.7 ± 2.7kg/m2). Young collegiate adults at Mizan-Tepi University in southwestern Ethiopia were randomly selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. The measures included the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire-Mizan (LSEQ-M), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7), and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and multiple linear regressions were used. Results Insomnia was associated with young age group (≤25 years) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-4.66), higher GAD-7 (anxiety) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.0-1.10) and SHI (poor sleep hygiene) (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26) scores. All four insomnia-related sleep complaints were associated with increasing GAD-7 scores, as well as higher SHI scores (p

Background Various screening tools have been designed and developed to identify individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The current study aimed to assess the psychometric validation of the GAD-7 in Saudi university male students. Methods Healthy university male students (n= 192) participated in this cross-sectional study. All the participants were informed about the study details. Participants were asked to complete the GAD-7, the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and demographic details. Results In general, the range of the GAD total score was 0-21. There was no issue of the ceiling or floor effects as only 12.5% of participants reported the minimum score of 0, and none of the participants reported the maximum score of 21. The internal consistency score of the GAD-7 was found to be good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83). The internal homogeneity between item scores was 0.22-0.57 as indicated by the "Spearman correlation coefficient (r)". The total scores and individual item scores of the GAD-7 were statistically associated with the PSS total score (correlation coefficient r = 0.21-0.37), and scores of the 8th and 13th item of the SHI (correlation coefficient r = 0.17-0.26, and 0.21-0.40, respectively). The exploratory factor and confirmatory factor loadings of the GAD-7 items were ranged from 0.60 to 0.81 and 0.51 to 0.80, respectively. Conclusion This study supported the use of the GAD-7 to assess the anxiety level among Saudi university students.

Dysfunctions of metacognitive aspects of metamemory and metaconcentration are common in substance use. No questionnaire tool has been validated among substance users to assess these metacognitive abilities. Therefore, this study investigated the psychometric properties of a brief metamemory and metaconcentration scale (BMMS) in adults with substance use. Using a cross-section design, participants (n = 395, age = 18–45 years, 22.7 ± 2.4 kg/m2) were purposively selected from houses earmarked by simple random sampling in Mizan, south-west Ethiopia. Interviewer-administered BMMS, the severity of dependence on khat (SDS-khat), and a socio-demographics tool were employed. A two-factor model with correlated error terms was found valid based on adequate model fit and measurement invariance across gender groups. No major ceiling or floor effect was found in the BMMS scores. Good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83) and adequate internal homogeneity (moderate to strong item-total ISI score correlations; r ≥ 0.46) were found. Khat dependent and non-dependents differed significantly across BMMS total score, factor scores and all the item scores except three. The BMMS has adequate psychometric validity in the population with substance use.

Maladaptive metacognitive thoughts about sleep often precede incidences of sleep disturbances. While the relationship between sleep disturbances and khat dependence is known, no research has examined the function of metacognition as a potential mediator between khat dependency and sleep problems in polysubstance users. This study used a brief structured questionnaire to measure the sleep problems, the severity of khat dependence (SDS-khat), and a metacognition score on khat-chewing polysubstance users (n = 374, age = 26.95 ± 3.80 years). The association was determined using Baron and Kenny’s mediation effect model. The average SDS-khat score was 6.66 ± 1.41, and the metacognition score was 26.40 ± 4.09. Severity of khat dependence showed significant negative correlation with metacognition (b = − .53, standard error (SE) = .15, p

Only a limited amount of data is available from lower-income countries regarding the prevalence of poor quality of sleep. This meta-analysis of the scientific literature was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality in the Ethiopian population. The study protocol followed was the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The nine studies which met the inclusion criteria provided data based on a total of 9103 participants who were studied at various health and academic institutions. The incidences of self-reported poor sleep quality ranged from 26 to 66.2%. The pooled estimate of poor sleep quality was 53%.There was a high prevalence of reported poor quality of sleep among younger subjects and among those who were studied in community (noninstitutional) settings. The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality is quite high among Ethiopians.

Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder, but it is widely untreated and under-diagnosed in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, no tool to screen insomnia has been validated in the Saudi population in general or nurses in particular. This study, therefore, assessed the psychometric validity of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in Saudi nurses. A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was performed with nurses (n = 134, age = 21–48 years) from Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. Both conventional and online survey methods using the ISI, a brief measure of metacognition, and a socio-demographics questionnaire were employed. No ceiling or floor effects were found in the ISI total score (8.84 ± 5.07) or the factor scores, but the floor effect was found in the item scores. A two-factor model showed the best fit (Pclose .97, comparative fit index [CFI] 1.00, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] 0.00, non-significant χ2test, χ2/df 0.904). This model showed favorable configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict invariance across gender groups (CFI > .95, RMSEA

Reported natural disasters are steadily increasing, yet there is limited previous research explicitly exploring the predictors of disaster resiliency among older people from typhoon-hit provinces. This study examined the relationships between life satisfaction, attitude, spirituality and locus of control towards resiliency among older adult Typhoon Haiyan survivors. A descriptive correlational design was conducted among these survivors in the Eastern Philippines. Standard multiple linear regression analysis was used in the study. The findings indicated that spirituality and attitude were significant predictors of the survivors' resiliency. The spirituality and positive attitudes of the older adults were associated with disaster resiliency among the typhoon survivors. Thus, the findings suggest the need for nurse gerontologists to promote spirituality and encourage positive attitudes among older adults.

Background & Aim: Quality improvement in hospitals is a systematically widely used framework that improves patient care quality delivered by health care professionals. This study assessed the attitude of nurses toward Quality Improvement. Methods & Materials: A quantitative research approach was used. A total of 361 nurses working in two government hospitals and two private hospitals in the Philippines were selected using convenience sampling. The data collected using a self-administered questionnaire was started in March-April 2019. To identify the association between nurse demographic characteristics and perceived quality improvement, an independent sample t-test, a one-way analysis of variance with a post-hoc Tukey HSD test, and a Pearson’s product-moment correlation were conducted using SPSS. Results: Nurses have high positive quality improvement attitude scores. The age, salary, and hospital type, influence quality improvement attitude scores. Conclusion: Nurses have a positive attitude towards qualitative improvement. In addition, nurses’ age, salary, and public hospitals' work have a positive qualitative improvement than nurses working in private hospitals.

Background: The incidences of COVID-19 related suicide among adolescents and youths have been reported across the world. There is no cumulative study focusing on nature, patterns, and causative factors that lead to the present investigation. Methods: A purposive sampling of google news between 15 February to 6 July was performed. After excluding duplicate reports, the final list comprised a total of 37-suicide cases across 11 countries. Results: More male suicides were reported (21-cases, i.e., 56.76%), and the mean age of the total victims was 16.6±2.7 years (out of a total of 29-cases). About two-thirds of the suicides were from three countries named India (11-cases), United Kingdom (8-cases), and the USA (6-cases). Out of 23-student victims, 14 were school-going students. Hanging was the most common suicide method accounting in 51.4% of cases. The most common suicide causalities were related to mental sufferings such as depression, loneliness, psychological distress, etc., whereas either online schooling or overwhelming academic distress was placed as the second most risk factors followed by TikTok addiction-related psychological distress, and tested with COVID-19. Conclusion: The finding of the temporal distribution of suicides concerning lockdowns may help in exploring and evolving public measures to prevent/decrease pandemic-related suicides in young people.

Objectives: To analyze the fit of different competing factor models (a one-factor model, 3 2-factor models, and 2 4-factor models) of the Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire (LSEQ) in the data from a Jordanian student population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on university students, with 2 sleep-related tools - the LSEQ and the sleep hygiene index (SHI). The students (n=166) at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan participated in this study from January-April, 2019. A total of 12 LSEQ models (6 models with all 10-items, and 6 models with one item deleted) were evaluated by using confirmatory factor analysis. The summary statistics of correlation coefficients, descriptive measures of item analysis, the model fit, and Cronbach’s alpha were determined. Results: The findings show that a 4-factor correlated solution was a plausible model for the LSEQ with 9-items, compared to a one-factor, 2-factor, and other 4-factor variant models. The deletion of one item from the original LSEQ improved the data fit significantly in the studied population. Moreover, correlation analysis between the LSEQ and SHI confirmed the divergent validity of the LSEQ. Conclusion: The results support the validity of a 4-factor structure of the LSEQ with 9-items with adequate internal consistency and divergent validity. Saudi Med J 2020; Vol. 41 (7): 746-752 doi: 10.15537/smj.2020.7.25146 How to cite this article: Hameed UA, Al-Jarrah MD, Manzar MD, Nair C, Albougami A, Alrasheadi BA, Noohu MM, Salahuddin M. Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire in Jordanian university students. A psychometric investigation using comparative confirmatory factor analysis. Saudi Med J . 2020 Jul;41(7):746-752. doi: 10.15537/smj.2020.7.25146. PMID: 32601644

Aim The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the Compassion Competence Scale Arabic version for Saudi nursing students and interns. Background Compassion is an essential element of quality health care in which training nursing students to deliver compassionate care is important. Assessment of compassion competence of Arabic-speaking nursing students requires a valid and reliable tool. Design This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Methods This investigation was conducted from April to May 2019 in two universities in Saudi Arabia involving nursing students and interns. Cultural adaptation was performed using a forward-backward translation method. Content validity and construct validity through exploratory factor analysis were established. Internal consistency, stability and reliability were also determined for the scale. Results The Arabic version has an excellent content validity. The exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor solution that accounts for 50.62% of the scale's variance. The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.806, whereas the Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.739 to 0.797. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the two-week test-retest scores was 0.84. The university, gender, year level and family type predicted the students' compassion competence. Conclusion The Arabic version can be used to measure Arabic-speaking nursing students' compassion competence in clinical areas.

Objective There is a paucity of research evidence available regarding the impact of anxiety and sleep hygiene on insomnia and related sleep complaints among collegiate students in lower-income countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate if insomnia and insomnia-related sleep complaints are associated with anxiety, age, and sleep hygiene practices among a sample of university students in Ethiopia. Design, Measures, Setting, and Participants The participants were young adults (n=525; mean age 21.5 ± 3.0 years; mean BMI of 20.7 ± 2.7kg/m2). Young collegiate adults at Mizan-Tepi University in southwestern Ethiopia were randomly selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. The measures included the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire-Mizan (LSEQ-M), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 Scale (GAD-7), and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and multiple linear regressions were used. Results Insomnia was associated with young age group (≤25 years) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–4.66), higher GAD-7 (anxiety) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.0–1.10) and SHI (poor sleep hygiene) (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.26) scores. All four insomnia-related sleep complaints were associated with increasing GAD-7 scores, as well as higher SHI scores (p

Background Various screening tools have been designed and developed to identify individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The current study aimed to assess the psychometric validation of the GAD-7 in Saudi university male students. Methods Healthy university male students (n= 192) participated in this cross-sectional study. All the participants were informed about the study details. Participants were asked to complete the GAD-7, the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and demographic details. Results In general, the range of the GAD total score was 0–21. There was no issue of the ceiling or floor effects as only 12.5% of participants reported the minimum score of 0, and none of the participants reported the maximum score of 21. The internal consistency score of the GAD-7 was found to be good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83). The internal homogeneity between item scores was 0.22–0.57 as indicated by the “Spearman correlation coefficient (r)”. The total scores and individual item scores of the GAD-7 were statistically associated with the PSS total score (correlation coefficient r = 0.21–0.37), and scores of the 8th and 13th item of the SHI (correlation coefficient r = 0.17–0.26, and 0.21–0.40, respectively). The exploratory factor and confirmatory factor loadings of the GAD-7 items were ranged from 0.60 to 0.81 and 0.51 to 0.80, respectively. Conclusion This study supported the use of the GAD-7 to assess the anxiety level among Saudi university students.

Background The Self-Compassion Scale is an extensively used tool to measure self-compassion among different groups of population, including nurses. The tool has been translated and tested for its psychometric properties in previous studies. Assessing self-compassion among Saudi nursing students is critical as self-compassion is suggested to create a positive effect on one's wellbeing, coping, emotions, and other personal outcomes. Objectives This study determined the validity and reliability of the Self-Compassion Scale Arabic version (SCS-A) for nursing students. It also identified the demographic factors associated with the students' self-compassion. Design A quantitative, cross-sectional design. Settings The investigation was carried-out in two government universities in Saudi Arabia. Participants A sample of 322 Saudi nursing students in the 2nd to 4th year, as well as nurse interns was surveyed (mean age = 21.27, range = 18–27). Methods The Self-Compassion Scale was culturally adapted to come up with the SCS-A. Content validity was established. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to establish the construct validity; whereas for reliability, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were established. Pearson's product correlation, t-test, and One-way Analysis of Variance were used to examine the demographic factors associated with self-compassion, accordingly. Results A panel of experts rated content validity as excellent. The EFA revealed six dimensions namely “self-judgment,” “self-kindness,” “common humanity,” “mindfulness,” “isolation,” and “over-identification”, with total variance of 64.1%. Cronbach's alpha values for the six factors were from 0.76 to 0.85, with an overall α of the whole scale at 0.86. Computation revealed ICC values ranging from 0.84 to 0.92, whereas the ICC for the entire SCS-A was 0.81. Conclusion SCS-A shown satisfactory validity as well as good reliability. SCS-A can be used to collect baseline data on self-compassion, which could be used in developing policies in the universities and training hospitals to ensure that nurse interns and nursing students have compassion toward self. The study also opens opportunities for multi-country and cross-cultural studies on self-compassion among nursing students.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم الإجهاد الناتج عن العمل لدى التمريض وتحديد العلاقة بين الإجهاد المرتبط بالعمل والبيانات الديموغرافية. طرق البحث: استخدمت هذه الدراسة تصميما مستعرضا وصفيا. أجريت هذه الدراسة في مستشفى حكومي ثانوي (عدد المشاركين ١٧٨، سعة المستشفى ٢٢٥ سريرا) في منطقة الرياض، بالمملكة العربية السعودية. يقدم هذا المستشفى العديد من الخدمات الطبية والجراحية المهمة للحصول على رعاية وخدمات للمرضى ذات جودة عالية. وتمت مقابلة ما مجموعه ١٧٨ ممرضا وممرضة. ثم تم استبعاد ١٥ استبانة بسبب نقص البيانات (معدل استجابة ٩٢.٥٢٪). النتائج: كان رأي المشاركين أن بيئة العمل مرهقة إلى حد ما، وارتبطت الجنسية بشكل كبير وكانت مؤشرا كبيرا لمستوى الإجهاد لدى المشاركين. كان لدى الممرضات من الجنسية الهندية مستويات إجهاد أعلى مقارنة مع الجنسيات الأخرى. وكانت ساعات العمل في الأسبوع مؤشرا كبيرا لمستويات الإجهاد لدى التمريض. الاستنتاجات: سلطت هذه الدراسة الضوء على الإجهاد المرتبط بعمل التمريض وتحديد العلاقة بين الإجهاد المرتبط بالعمل والبيانات الديموغرافية. ارتبطت جنسية الممرضين وساعات العمل في الأسبوع مع مستوى الإجهاد لديهم. يمكن استخدام نتائج هذه الدراسة كدليل لوضع سياسات الموارد البشرية نحو تقليل التوتر لتعزيز الرعاية الصحية وتحسين أداء العمل. Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to assess the perceived work-related-stress of staff nurses and determine the relationship between work-related stress and demographic profile. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and was conducted in a secondary public hospital (staff nurses = 178, bed capacity = 225) in Riyadh, KSA. The hospital provides medical and surgical services that are important to achieve optimum quality patient care and services. In total, 178 staff nurses were interviewed, but 15 responses were excluded because of missing data (response rate: 92.52%). Results: Nurses reported a moderately stressful work environment. Nationality was found to be a significant predictor of nurses' stress levels. Indian nurses had higher stress levels compared with nurses of other nationalities. Working hours per week was another significant predictor of stress. Conclusion: This study highlighted perceived work-related stress of staff nurses and determined the relationship between work-related stress and demographic profile. Most nurses were moderately stressed. Working hours were associated directly with stress level. The study findings can serve as a guide for establishing human resources policies aiming at reducing nurses' stress and, thereby, promoting improved health care and task force work performance. الكلمات المفتاحية: مستشفى الرعاية الحرجة, التمريض, الممرضين, رعاية المرضى, الإجهاد, Keywords: Acute care hospital, Nurses, Nursing profession, Patient care, Stress

Background Daytime sleepiness is highly prevalent across the globe. The Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is the most widely used tool for screening daytime sleepiness. The psychometric properties of the ESS have not been comprehensively examined in African populations. Material and methods A cross-sectional design with simple random sampling was used in the present study. The study recruited 600 students from Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia, of which 329 (age = 18–28 years and body mass index = 21.19 ± 3.17 kg/m2) completed the study. ESS, a semi-structured socio-demographics questionnaire and a clinical interview to diagnose insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders were employed. Results All except one item of the ESS showed a floor effect, while only one item score showed ceiling effect. However, no ceiling/floor effect was observed in the ESS total score. The Cronbach’s alpha (0.75) and composite reliability (0.75), indicated good internal consistency, while a moderate item-total score correlation (r = 0.55–0.67) implied favorable internal homogeneity. The known-group validity was established by significantly higher scores for all the ESS item scores and the ESS total scores among those with symptoms of insomnia than among non-symptomatic students. Fit indices along with the consideration of inter-factor correlation coefficient, measures of item retention favored the unidimensional structure of the ESS. Conclusion The ESS has excellent psychometric validity for screening daytime sleepiness in Ethiopian university students. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12955-019-1098-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background Psychometric investigations of tools used in the screening of migraine including the migraine screen questionnaire (MS-Q), using an adequate statistical approach is needed. We assessed the psychometric properties of the migraine screen questionnaire (MS-Q) using categorical data methods. Material and methods A total of 343 students at Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia, age range = 18–35 years were selected by a simple random sampling method to participate in a cross-sectional study. The respondents completed the MS-Q, a semi-structured socio-demographic questionnaire, and a visual analog scale for attention (VAS-A). Results The cumulative variance rule (> 40%), the Kaiser’s criteria (Eigenvalue> 1), the Scree test and, the parallel analysis (minimum rank) identified a 1-factor model for the MS-Q with the factor loadings in the range of 0.78 to 0.84. Fit indices favored a 1-factor model of the MS-Q as indicated by comparative fit index (0.993), weighted root mean square residual (0.048), root mean square error of approximation (0.067), the goodness of fit index (1.00), and non-normed fit index (0.987). The values of the Factor Determinacy Index (0.953), marginal reliability (0.909), H-latent (0.909), H-observed (0.727), explained common variance (0.906) and the mean item residual absolute loadings (0.225) further complimented finding of the 1-Factor model. McDonald’s Omega (0.903) suggested adequate internal consistency. Discriminative validity was supported by significantly higher scores for the total and all the MS-Q items except one among those with complaints of attention. Conclusion The categorical methods support the psychometric validity of the MS-Q in the study population.

Background Dental anxiety is one of the most common fears that can eventually lead to avoidance of dental care. Knowing how students will respond to dental treatment will aid in increasing their awareness of oral health and overcoming this fear. The present study measured the prevalence of dental anxiety among dental, medical, and nursing students in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study including undergraduate dental, medical, and nursing students at King Saud University and Almajmaa University was conducted to assess dental anxiety using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Descriptive statistics including means, standard deviations, and percentages were calculated. Group comparisons were analyzed using t-tests and analysis of variance. Multiple group comparisons were conducted using Tukey’s post-hoc test. P

Background Successful implementation of KMC depends on the attitudes and practices of maternity-ward nurses. This study assessed the attitudes and practices of kangaroo mother care (KMC) by maternity-ward nurses in the Eastern Philippines. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was used in the study. A convenience sample of 138 maternity-ward nurses working in six rural health units (RHUs), two public hospitals and one private hospital. A questionnaire was used to assess the attitudes and practices of KMC by the recruited maternity-ward nurses. Data were collected from June to July 2017 in maternity-ward nurses' workplace. Results Maternity-ward nurses have a positive attitude towards KMC. Age is associated with attitudes towards KMC. Married maternity-ward nurses have exhibit better attitudes and practice than single nurses. The attitudes of maternity-ward nurses with master's degrees towards KMC are more positive than those with BSN degrees. Maternity-ward nurses from Rural Health Units have better attitudes but fewer support to practice the KMC skills than those from public hospitals. Conclusions Maternity-ward nurses who are married, hold master's degrees and are working in RHUs have better KMC attitudes than their counterparts. Maternity-ward nurses have good KMC attitude but poor KMC practices. The KMC information and skills of maternity-ward nurses should be continuously updated to implement KMC effectively and efficiently.

Background: Various studies have shown that insomnia is associated with computer use. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) is an 8-item tool that has been widely used for screening insomnia. No studies have investigated the psychometric validity of AIS in occupational computer users. Objective: the current research aimed to test the psychometric properties of the AIS among occupational computer users. Materials and Methods: a sample of four hundred and twenty-four occupational computer users (age: 20&ndash, 65 years and body mass index: 21.6 &plusmn, 3.5 kg/m2) completed an AIS and a socio-demographic questionnaire in this cross-sectional study. Results: a confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the three-factor model had an adequate fit (the goodness of fit index (0.95), incremental fit index (0.90) and &chi, 2/df (2.61)). Evidence was found for configural, scalar and metric invariance of the 3-factor model across gender groups. A moderate level of internal consistency was implied by a Cronbach&rsquo, s alpha of 0.66. Conclusion: the findings of the present research support the validity of AIS for screening insomnia, as demonstrated by the scale&rsquo, s psychometric properties, its internal consistency, internal homogeneity, item discrimination, and factorial validity.

BACKGROUND: The STOP-BANG is an easily administrable questionnaire for the screening of obstructive sleep apnea in adults, which may be adapted for use by young people. Here, we assessed the psychometric properties of the STOP-BN, a shortened version of the STOP-BANG questionnaire, using categorical data methods. METHODS: Four hundred and three young people (age 20.71 ± 1.93 years) were selected by random sampling to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the STOP-BN, a tool for recording social and demographic characteristics, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a measure of daytime sleepiness. The obtained data were analyzed using categorical data methods. RESULTS: A two-factor model was identified for the STOP-BN, using the Kaiser's criteria (eigenvalue >1) and the screen test. However, the parallel analysis based on minimum rank, and the cumulative variance criteria (>40%) identified an one-factor model. Factor loadings ranged from 0.364 to 0.745. The identified two-factor model showed acceptable fit as the reported goodness of fit index and weighted root mean square residual were in the ideal range, and the comparative fit index was close to the ideal range. Greatest lower bound to reliability for two factors of the STOP-BN was 0.67 and 0.67, indicating an acceptable internal consistency. A weak to a nonsignificant correlation between the ESS and the STOP-BN score was demonstrated, favoring STOP-BN's divergent validity. CONCLUSION: Categorical methods support the psychometric validity of the STOP-BN in the study population.

Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder, but it is widely untreated and under-diagnosed in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, no tool to screen insomnia has been validated in the Saudi population in general or nurses in particular. This study, therefore, assessed the psychometric validity of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in Saudi nurses.A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was performed with nurses (n = 134, age = 21-48 years) from Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. Both conventional and online survey methods using the ISI, a brief measure of metacognition, and a socio-demographics questionnaire were employed.No ceiling or floor effects were found in the ISI total score (8.84 ± 5.07) or the factor scores, but the floor effect was found in the item scores. A two-factor model showed the best fit (Pclose .97, comparative fit index [CFI] 1.00, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] 0.00, non-significant χThe ISI showed adequate psychometric validity for screening insomnia among Saudi nurses.

Appendix I contains the Mizan meta-memory and meta-concentration scale for students (MMSS) and its scoring guideline. (DOCX 14â kb)

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has experienced rapid growth in its healthcare system, leading to an influx of many foreign professional nurses in the healthcare workforce. This increasing trend of foreign professional nurses into the KSA healthcare system has serious implications such as cultural, language and communication barriers that in turn have the potential to compromise the ability to ensure quality of care to Saudi patients. KSA is a conservative Islamic country that is guided by strict adherence to a religious belief that if foreign nurses are not sensitive to or understand their Saudi patients, it may interfere with their ability to communicate effectively. This paper examines the language and communication barriers within the KSA healthcare systems and how such barriers have the potential to compromise the quality of care. The paper concludes with strategies and recommendations related to addressing language and communication barriers within the KSA healthcare system.

This study aims to describe and explain disaster-related resiliency from the perspective of older adult survivors through the grounded theory approach. A total of 14 older adults who survived Typhoon Haiyan participated in the study. These participants were chosen through purposive sampling, followed by theoretical sampling, to attain conceptual and theoretical saturation. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, which took place in temporary shelter homes. Grounded disaster-related resiliency theory was generated on the basis of the subcategories and categories that were developed. The post-disaster recovery path can be conceptualized into three categories: (1) participants’ perception of strength, (2) self-regulating behavior, and (3) maintaining a positive attitude. These categories provide coping mechanisms that are important in building resiliency following a natural disaster. The results of this study may provide a theoretical framework for the design and implementation of disaster risk protection strategies and policies for local governments at the international level.