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Lorestan province, located in western Iran, has historically played a significant role in connecting the southern, western, northwest, and central regions of the country. Over time, numerous important communication routes have traversed this region. While textual sources from the Islamic era mention these routes, their specific paths, the number and quality of structures along the way, and the archaeological evidence of their routes remain largely unexplored. This research aims to identify and introduce the communication path between Shapurkhashat and Nahavand, examining its archaeological evidence. The study adopts a historical approach, utilizing field visits and library research to answer two main questions: 1) What archaeological evidence exists along the route from Shapurkhashat to Nahavand during the Islamic era? 2) How did this road develop during the Islamic era, and what changes occurred? The findings suggest that the road follows an ancient route with minor alterations in the Islamic era, and its houses and stations have seen minimal changes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the history of beekeeping, focusing on historical, archaeological, ethnographic, and folkloric data on man's interaction with bees throughout the ages. It emphasizes the symbolic aspects bees have received in Romanian and universal mythology. To briefly illustrate how humans have interacted with bees, including hunting for honey and domestication of these insects, we will highlight some of the most well-known archaeological, historical, and literary documents from prehistoric, ancient, and medieval times. Later on, we will also reference the role of bees and beekeeping in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural and social phenomena in our society have deep roots in the past. In other words, at least in part, thesocial behavior of current societies has its roots in their past, institutionalized in the subconscious memory of thecitizens for hundreds or thousands of years. The cognition of social behavior of past societies and their structurescould lead to a deeper and better understanding of contemporary social behavior. One of the most important waysin reconstructing social behavior of people in the past is the study of architectural and urban spaces. ConsideringIranian cities with historical heritage, the historical texture of the city of Yazd is well preserved. The reconstructionof the social structure of Yazd (emphasizing social communication) according to the remaining spaces from thepast, with the use of space syntax, will be discussed in this paper. It seems that compact neighborhood, andsome public spaces such as neighborhood mosques could have increased social interaction among neighborhoodresidents. Increasing the level of social communication, can not only increase the cohesion and solidarity betweenthe residents, but also lead to the creation of a kind of informal social control. However, some other architecturalspaces left by them, and some principles of Islamic religion like privacy, indicate the emergence of a different typeof social behavior like pretention and dual character among residents.

The cultural reproduction of lithic technology, long an implicit assumption of archaeological theories, has garnered increasing attention over the past decades. Major debates ranging from the origins of the human culture capacity to the interpretation of spatiotemporal patterning now make explicit reference to social learning mechanisms and cultural evolutionary dynamics. This burgeoning literature has produced important insights and methodological innovations. However, this rapid growth has sometimes led to confusion and controversy due to an under‐examination of underlying theoretical and methodological assumptions. The time is thus ripe for a critical assessment of progress in the study of the cultural reproduction of lithic technology. Here we review recent work addressing the evolutionary origins of human culture and the meaning of artifact variation at both intrasite and intersite levels. We propose that further progress will require a more extended and context‐specific evolutionary approach to address the complexity of real‐world cultural reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological research undertaken in the Carpathian-Dniester regions has managed to identify a considerable number of sites dating from the 5th-11th centuries AD. The territorial distribution of these early medieval sites is uneven from one area to another. It was found that there were fewer settlements in the area between the Carpathians and Siret during the V-VII centuries. In the following period, the VIII-XI centuries, the number of objectives increases a lot, especially in the areas of the Central Moldavian Plateau. The denser or rarer population in one or another area east of the Carpathians was determined by political causes (the great migrations), by the increased warming of the climate, but also by the different living conditions offered by certain forms of relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Historica Nitriensia is the property of Studia Historica Nitriensia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper considers the issues related to slavery in the Central Balkans in the proto-historic i.e. Late Iron Age period. It is conceived as a first step towards more profound future study, and deals with the history of research and theoretical-methodological approaches to the problem of slavery among the Late Iron Age communities. The text revisits earlier interpretations of slavery derived from ancient written accounts and archaeological evidence, and then offers insights that rely on recent research of slavery in general, and in prehistoric period in particular. Finally, it is argued that it is necessary to consider the possibility of ‘societies with slaves’ when researching the Central Balkan Iron Age communities, even though they are often regarded as ‘small-scale societies’ that profoundly differed from the Mediterranean ‘slave societies’.

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultural and social phenomena in our society have deep roots in the past. In other words, at least in part, the social behavior of current societies has its roots in their past, institutionalized in the subconscious memory of the citizens for hundreds or thousands of years. The cognition of social behavior of past societies and their structures could lead to a deeper and better understanding of contemporary social behavior. One of the most important ways in reconstructing social behavior of people in the past is the study of architectural and urban spaces. Considering Iranian cities with historical heritage, the historical texture of the city of Yazd is well preserved. The reconstruction of the social structure of Yazd (emphasizing social communication) according to the remaining spaces from the past, with the use of space syntax, will be discussed in this paper. It seems that compact neighborhood, and some public spaces such as neighborhood mosques could have increased social interaction among neighborhood residents. Increasing the level of social communication, can not only increase the cohesion and solidarity between the residents, but also lead to the creation of a kind of informal social control. However, some other architectural spaces left by them, and some principles of Islamic religion like privacy, indicate the emergence of a different type of social behavior like pretention and dual character among residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present the results of the analysis of phytoliths, grain size and organic matter content (LOI550℃), and AMS 14C dating of sedimentary profiles and individual archaeological samples from the Changshan site in Jilin Province, Northeast (NE) China. Our aim was to elucidate the origins of agriculture in the East Liao River Basin. The results indicate that there were two intervals during which prehistoric culture flourished at the Changshan site: ~ 6,500–5,600 cal years BP in the Neolithic, and ~ 3,700–2,750 cal years BP in the Bronze Age. Abundant η-type husk phytoliths from common millet and a few Ω-type husk phytoliths from foxtail millet found at the Changshan site provide direct evidence for prehistoric agriculture during these two periods. Prehistoric agriculture was practiced together with hunting and fishing, which were part of a multi-subsistence strategy. The relatively warm and wet climate during ~ 6,500–5,600 cal years BP and ~ 3,700–2,750 cal years BP promoted the prosperity of the local culture, together with cultural interchange, and the climatic conditions also encouraged the dispersal of early agriculture in the East Liao River Basin. In addition, archaeological excavations have shown that there was frequent interchange and interaction among prehistoric cultures in NE China, and we hypothesize that the Liao River Basin was the main routeway for cultural interchange and the dispersal of prehistoric agriculture in NE China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reconstruction of hominins' cognitive evolution has always been a crucial but challenging task. Researchers from various disciplines have tried to approach this issue, among which British archaeologist Steven Mithen's cathedral model is regarded as one of the earliest and most creative attempts. In this model, he proposed that the Neanderthal's mind is like a cathedral with disconnected chapels. Specifically, Neanderthals possessed advanced social, natural history, technical, and even linguistic intelligence modules, but the first three modules are isolated from each other, meaning they cannot effectively use the knowledge from one domain to address the issue of another domain. This article challenges his reconstruction of Neanderthals' cognitive capacities by presenting multiple forms of archaeological evidence bearing on various kinds of cross-domain thinking that has arisen over the past two decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing the history of culture governing the current's traditional societies is one of the important and significant issues which has been studied by domestic and foreign investigators. Archaeologists are among the researchers, accompanied by other interdisciplinary investigators, who can reconstruct the culture of our ancestors through the findings obtained from exploration, and match them with various aspects of nomads and tribes. In the present investigation, it has been tried to study the customs of Bakhtiari people. The main aim is to study the micro-cultures which have been expressed in the life of Bakhtiari people in the form of some customs of ancient Ilam. The assumptions of this investigation are based on the following questions: which customs of ancient Ilam have been inherited by Bakhtiari people? Which aspect of their life have been influenced by this expression? The method is descriptive-analytical along with field survey via a historical approach. In this investigation, 23 archaeological works from ancient Ilam civilization have been studied. The results of the research indicate that the customs of people who are now known as Bakhtiari are somewhat the lineage of the people who lived as a strong government of ancient Ilam in the region. Although the cultural and population complex of Bakhtiari has significantly changed during thousands of years, there is still an evidence implying that they are the heirs of old culture of ancient Ilam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women’s position in historical periods and their participation in political and administrative affairs of government are considered as one of the main issues in development of societies. Women participation in societies is considered as a proper index to measure the rate of intellectual growth of the people of a society. This document examines the position of women in Iranian civilizations and Mesopotamia in the given historical periods (achaemenid and Assyrian). Among the most important archaeological evidence, monuments and relics of historical eras, we considered the role of women in political arena. The aim of this paper is to examine the position of women of the achaemenid era and compare it with Assyrian civilization and provide clear image of their performance based on existing documentation. This study is kind of a historical research with descriptive - analytical approach and adaptation of archaeological evidence ranging from Seals and Rock paintings to analyze the status of woman in the civilizations of Iran and Mesopotamia in the given historical periods using archaeological evidence. We have concluded that despite the th influences of Assyrian images on the achaemenid ones, we can say that indicators including respect for women, women participation in political and economic activities, and women autonomy and individual freedoms in private life in achaemenid women is higher than those indicators in the Assyrian period.

Archaeological evidence has been used to assess pre-contact occupation and use of land since the first modern Aboriginal title claim in Canada. Archaeology's ability to alternately challenge, support, and add substantive spatial and temporal dimensions to oral histories and documentary histories makes it a crucial tool in the resolution of Aboriginal rights and title. This article assesses how archaeological evidence has been considered in Aboriginal rights and title litigation in Canada, both over time and in different types of cases. The examination indicates that archaeological data have been judged to be sufficient evidence of pre-contact occupation and use. However, some limitations inherent in archaeological data, especially challenges in archaeology's capacities to demonstrate continuous occupation and exclude possibilities for co-occupation, mean that it is best used in conjunction with ethnographies, oral histories, and historical documents. So long as courts affirm that it is the sole material evidence of pre-contact occupation, archaeological data will continue to be considered in future litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)