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Multiple myeloma (MM) is a multifocal neoplasm, which belongs to a group of diseases termed as plasma cell dyscrasisas caused due to malignant transformation of plasma cells. Incidence of multiple myeloma is 0.7/1,00,000 people in India and is common between the 5th and 8th decades of life with more of a male predilection. The mortality rate of MM accounts for 1 % of all cancer death globally. Pertaining to oral cavity 35 % of patients with symptomatic MM present with lytic bone lesions of jaws. In this systematic review we aim to study the various presentations of MM involving different sites of the oral cavity and variations in their clinical appearance providing a broader picture of the disease and enables us to prepare an early diagnostic workup.

Paradental cyst is an odontogenic cyst associated with pericoronitis in partly erupted mandibular third molars. It is an inflammatory cyst common among the mandibular molars. The cyst is most commonly seen on the distal or distobuccal aspect of the third molars. The angle of tooth and food impaction has been postulated to be responsible for the development of the cyst in third molars. The source of the epithelium has been reported as reduced enamel epithelium. The paradental cyst is frequently misdiagnosed as a radicular cyst or dentigerous cyst. We report a case of paradental cyst in a patient with partially erupted mandibular third molar with food impaction and resulting hyaline ring granuloma.

Coronaviruses are positive-sense RNA viruses with crown-like morphology. This family of virus is known to cause outbreak in many species including humans. The pandemic caused by novel coronavirus COVID-19 is reported to have been spread from bats to human. These groups of emerging zoonotic pathogens bind to the host cell through receptor-mediated mechanism. As the viruses lack proper machinery for self-replication, they depend on the host cell for replication. The resulting viremia causes most common clinical symptoms such as fever, cough progressing to shortness of breath. The number of cases reported from COVID-19 is on the rise since diagnosis. The development of drugs and vaccines is under trial for the management of the novel viral infection.

Introduction: Tongue is a vital organ well encased with in the oral cavity, morphological features of which are unique and differs from one individual to other. Visual inspection of the tongue is a noninvasive and inexpensive method to evaluate the morphological variations. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the morphological variations of tongue in male and female in ethnic Tamil population. Objective: The objective is to study the morphological features such as shape, length, and width of the tongue, presence and location of fissure pattern and its gender variations by visual examination method in ethnic Tamil population between age 21 and 30 years. Materials and Methods: The study sample included 250 male and 250 female (21–30 years). The participants were subjected to visual examination and by obtaining a digital photograph of the tongue on maximum protrusion to study the morphological variation like shape of the tongue, presence and location of fissure. Results: The mean for width of the tongue was 3.599. The length of the tongue had a mean value of 4.283. On analyzing the shape of the tongue, U shape was more common in both male (68%) and female (62%) and V shape is common in female (38%). In female, the most common is absent or no fissures whereas in male central fissure was most common. Conclusion: Tongue showed significant morphological variations in male and female. Visual examination of tongue is a simple and inexpensive way to collect data and can be saved along with other dental records. Tongue prints being unique can serve as both a biometric and forensic tool.

Background: Since yore, “xylene” has always been the nonpareil clearing medium known to be employed in tissue processing and staining. However, the toxic effects of “xylene” range from mild irritation to its severe form as a carcinogenic agent. As there is an increasing need for replacement of this perilous agent, this study aims to determine the efficacy of “pure groundnut oil” (GO) and “pure coconut oil” (CO) which are indigenous to us, as an option in contrast to “xylene” as a clearing agent. Materials and Methods: An aggregate of 45 delicate tissue samples were handled at the same time in “xylene” (15) “pure GO” (15), and “pure CO” (15) as clearing specialists. The “xylene-” treated samples (X), “pure CO-” treated samples, and “pure GO-” treated samples were inspected for cellular architecture and quality of staining and comparison has been made between the three groups. Results: All the three groups showed similar results, and there was no difference identified when checked for cellular architecture and staining quality. Conclusion: The results suggest that both “pure CO” and “pure GO” has been shown to be an efficient replacement for “xylene” as a clearing medium, without jeopardizing on its histological features.

This study explores the factors affecting cyberbullying behaviour through their attitudes and intentions based on a model developed using Social Cognitive Theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Results from a survey of 428 Malaysian tertiary students were analysed using a two-step Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)--Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approach. The SEM findings indicate that the intention to engage in cyberbullying is the most influential factor in cyberbullying behaviour, shaped by factors such as image (0.492), moral disengagement (0.211), perceived behavioural control (-0.141), university climate (-0.097), subjective norms (0.662), peer to peer relationships (0.108) and attitude (0.235) towards cyberbullying. The ANN results show that image is the biggest predictor (36.35%) of cyberbullying intention, followed by moral disengagement, cyberbullying attitude, PBC, and university climate. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the underlying factors behind cyberbullying among Malaysian tertiary students and offer guidance for reducing cyberbullying in the country.

Introduction: Non-metric dental traits are features of dental morphology that show alteration in their appearance both within and between the populations. These traits seem to be controlled in part by genetics so these can be successfully used in the description of the ethnicity which can be helpful in identification of the person through the dental records. Aim: The analysis aimed at assessing the frequency of dental non-metric traits in the ethnic Tamil Population as some dental variants are constant within a given geographical area, which suggests that the frequency of the trait can be mapped within a population. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted in SRM dental college from July 2017 to December 2017 (over a period of five months). The study sample included 1000 participants, (500 males, 500 females). The non-metric dental traits which were assessed were cusp of carabelli, talon’s cusp, shovelled incisor, and peg shaped lateral incisor, protostylid, dryopithecus groove pattern, hypoconulid, parastyle, paracone, bushman canine, interruption grooves, tuberculum dentale. The participants were subjected to visual examination and photographic records. Descriptive analysis was done in this study. Results: Out of the 12 non-metric dental traits which were assessed in the present study, only 5 non-metric dental traits were found to be prevalent among this population. The frequencies were cusp of carabelli 230 out of 1000 (23%){male (90 out of 500) female (140 out of 500)}, shovelled incisor 80 out of 1000 (8%){male (50 out of 500) female (30 out of 500)}, peg lateral 50 out of 1000 (5%) {male (20 out of 500) female (30 out of 500)}, interruption groove 20 out of 1000 (2%) {male 20 out of 500)}, dryopethicus groove 20 out of 1000 (2%) {male (10 out of 500) female (10 out of 500)}among the ethnic Tamil population. Conclusion: The present study highlights the fact that two non-metric traits i.e., cusp of carabelli and shovelled incisor found to be more common in males and females of ethnic Tamil population. This fact represents that these traits are the most common in ethnic Tamil Population which could be used as one of the validation tools for Human identification.