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Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nankai Business Review is the property of Nankai Business Review Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that long-term high-impact exercise stress can cause adaptive changes in the bones, which have certain effects on cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone density in athletes. Calcaneus bone density is often used as a basis for judging changes in bone mass. OBJECTIVE: To measure the cortical thickness of the calcaneus and trabecular bone density and distribution trend in Taekwondo athletes, in order to provide reference for research on foot functional anatomy, imaging anatomy, foot movement biomechanics and ankle surgery. METHODS: Ten high-level Taekwondo athletes were enrolled as experimental group and nine ordinary sports enthusiasts as control group. The subjects in the two groups were all male, and there were no significant differences in height, weight and age. GE64-slice spiral CT was used to scan the subjects’ feet on both sides, and Mimics 21.0 software was used to measure the cortical thickness of the calcaneal tubercle, lateral process, and medial process as well as trabecular bone density. The length, width and height of the trabecular bone in the sagittal, horizontal and coronal image windows were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The thickness of the left and right calcaneal tuberosity and medial process in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, the thickness of the cortical bone of the left lateral process, medial process and calcaneal tubercle was greater than that of the right lateral process, medial process and calcaneal tubercle (P < 0.05). The bone mineral density of the left and right lateral calcaneus and medial process of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). The length, width and height of the trabecula of the left and right calcaneus (sagittal, horizontal and coronal planes) in the experimental group were larger than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Taekwondo strikes and jumps produce the stress and traction of the Achilles tendon and plantar muscle ligament, which can increase the cortical thickness of the calcaneus, increase the density of the trabecular bone, and change the shape of the trabecular bone, manifested by the increase in trabecular length, width and height, indicating that the cortical bone and trabecular bone of the calcaneus at force part have undergone adaptive changes, and the left and right feet have changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Early diagnosis of liver fibrosis and dynamic monitoring of relevant changes have great implications for the treatment and prognosis improvement of chronic liver diseases. So far, liver biopsy remains the "golden standard" for the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis. However, due to its inherent limitations, a great effort has been made to develop more accurate non-invasive diagnostic methods, including serum fibrosis markers and mathematical models, ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, ultrasonic elastography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine. The advantages and disadvantages of relevant methods are discussed. Furthermore, proper selection of the non-invasive diagnostic methods for clinical application and the means for mutual verification are analyzed. As for the future direction, it is expected to employ the above methods for combined analysis and comprehensive assessment, in order to enhance the clinical value of non-invasive liver fibrosis diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是导致慢性肝炎的主要病因,同时亦是原发性肝细胞癌(PHC)的主要危险因素之一,研究证实HBV可通过整合自身基因进入到宿主基因组中或通过其结构蛋白、分泌蛋白,或通过表观遗传导致宿主基因突变,突变主要包括肝细胞部分DNA缺失和染色体重排等。HBV DNA整合对病毒本身和宿主肝细胞可产生影响,系列研究表明,乙型肝炎慢性化和PHC的发生发展与HBV DNA选择性整合可能存在关联,与乙型肝炎慢性化和PHC相关联整合位点的鉴定,将为乙型肝炎慢性化机制研究提供新的思路和线索,对未来临床基因诊断和治疗CHB及PHC有指导意义。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As reported by the world health organization, about 650 thousand people die of liver failure, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma caused by hepatitis B virus ( HBV) infection every year. Although to a certain extent, the application of interferon and nucleos( t) ide analogues reduces the adverse outcome of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) , so far no effective therapeutic method can eliminate HBV. HBV carriers have a significantly lower incidence rate of adverse outcome than active CHB patients, but they still have the risk of progression to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. This article discusses the clinical identification and management of HBV carriers, so as to further clarify the features of chronic HBV carriers and related treatment measures in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

乙型肝炎病毒（ HBV）感染预后与环境、HBV病毒学、宿主先天和后天免疫反应以及机体的基因等因素有关。机体先天免疫状况及其基因多态性可以影响白细胞介素18（IL-18）的正常表达。 IL-18是促炎症细胞因子，在多种疾病发生和发展过程中具有重要作用，包括HBV感染。研究表明IL-1β和IL-18异常低水平表达可能与乙型肝炎慢性化存在关联，但具体机制尚未明确，推测可能与机体某些天然免疫受体异常有关。 IL-18基因启动子－607和－137位点单核苷酸多态性可以影响IL-18基因的表达，导致IL-18的合成水平不同。近期的一些研究表明，等位基因－137位点C是保护性基因，可能阻止慢性乙型肝炎的发生或发展；IL-18－607A／A基因型是慢性乙型肝炎的易感基因。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]