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近年来电池储能以其响应速度快、能量密度高等优点，在电力系统中发挥重要作用。为满足实际应用的要求，电池储能系统需要将电池或电池组并联从而达到较高的可用容量，但并联电池在实际中受内阻、容量、荷电状态 （SOC）等影响将出现电流不平衡现象，一定程度上制约了电池充放电电流和使用条件，影响了电池性能。针对并联电池组支路电流采集过程繁琐且状态估计复杂的情况，以电池的二阶等效电路为基础，结合回路电流法建立了并联电池组的仿真模型。模型能够根据锂电池的性能参数及状态方程实现并联支路电流的计算，进而估计并联电池组的状态，省去了对并联支路电流的检测环节。同时重点研究了并联电池组的支路不均衡电流现象，以磷酸铁锂电池为例，分析了并联电池组的充电特性。针对并联电池组的支路不均衡电流影响因素较为复杂、难以解耦的特性，采用控制变量法，通过模型详细分析了内阻、容量、初始SOC等因素对支路电流点的影响，为并联电池组的设计、成组优化及性能分析提供了参考。

随着风能、光能等可再生能源的大规模高比例接入，新能源数据呈现爆发式增长。电源侧、电网侧与监管侧都提出了基于新能源大数据融合的多业务场景需求，但新能源运行数据海量多源异构、数据孤岛、智能化水平不高，对跨部门应用提出了巨大挑战。在分析新能源大数据应用面临的技术挑战后，从数据融合、智能计算、应用服务三个方面阐述了新能源大数据平台的功能架构，提出了面向电网公司、新能源运营商等不同业务对象的关键技术，根据所提出平台架构与关键技术，构建了基于某区域新能源大数据的应用平台。实际应用效果表明：融合电网、新能源场站等各方数据，打破数据壁垒，可为电网、新能源运营商等不同业务对象提供服务，助力新能源产业的数字化转型发展及“双碳”目标的实现。

风电场经柔性直流并网存在几赫兹至几百赫兹频率范围的振荡风险。首先，为复现宽频域振荡特征，基于频率扫描的测量方法，建立双馈风电场孤岛接入柔性直流的振荡分析模型。然后，采用网络阻尼稳定性判据并结合时域仿真，剖析互联系统在次/超同步频率范围和中高频范围的振荡机理。之后，考虑风机、柔性直流控制参数以及风速和并网风机台数的变化，分别针对次/超同步频段、中频段、高频段的振荡情况分析系统阻抗特性，利用阻抗聚合法量化评估各个影响因素与系统潜在振荡风险的关系，给出不同影响因素的变化对系统振荡频率的影响。最后，总结了双馈风电场经柔性直流并网系统在不同频段范围发生振荡的关键影响因素，为宽频域振荡控制提供指导思路。

研究了大型风电场联合集中式储能系统参与电网一次调频的可行性与经济性，并提出一种风储联合调频控制策略。统计分析了正常运行与发生功率缺额事件下实际电网的频率特性，仿真验证了新能源机组参与电网一次调频的必要性；类比火电机组一次调频原理，提出了新能源机组参与一次调频的基本条件；分析了风电机组基于转子惯量、预留备用和配置储能3种调频方案的技术经济性，指出风电场装配集中式储能以承担一次调频是更为经济有效的调频方案。旨在充分利用风机转子惯量以减少配置储能容量，提出一种风储协调的调频控制策略，有效减少储能容量。

目前新能源集群电压分层控制研究主要针对接入交流电网的情况，由于孤岛系统的电压控制与交流大电网解耦，其优化控制的目标、对象和方式均与传统电网存在较大差异，故需要结合其特性，制定新的电压控制策略。本文对孤岛方式下新能源集群无功电压控制原理进行论述，设计了送出孤岛系统区域两级电压控制框架，提出了考虑换流站PQ运行区间约束的电压优化策略，在优化目标中综合考虑网损及换流站无功裕度。基于张北柔直示范工程未来规划拓扑的仿真算例表明，该策略可以在保持换流站母线电压在安全运行范围内的前提下，实现电网运行的安全性和经济性的协调。

中国“三北”地区可再生能源装机占比普遍超过30%，高比例新能源电力系统形态已经基本形成。传统新能源电站面对高比例新能源接入电网频率/电压的扰动，无法提供有效的主动调频/调压支撑能力，会导致电力系统惯性和阻尼降低，给电网的安全稳定运行提出重大挑战。中国国家电网公司于2016年在张北风光储电站启动建设首个用于大电网的虚拟同步机示范工程，探索虚拟同步机多种实现方式和技术路线的可行性与经济性，已经取得阶段性成果。文中针对风电、光伏单元式虚拟同步机的不同技术路线进行了对比分析，介绍了虚拟同步发电机示范工程的进展情况，阐述了单元式、电站式两种虚拟同步机实现方式的工程实施方案，对已改造设备的运行情况进行了初步分析，对已改造设备的控制效果进行了实测验证。最后，文章对区域电网中虚拟同步机的控制应用方式以及预期效果作了初步分析，对关键技术的发展作了展望。

柔性直流输电技术在大规模风电送出中应用越来越广泛，但存在因风电和柔直各自电力电子设备控制相互作用而引发系统振荡风险。首先，为从物理意义上解释振荡机理，以阻抗分析法为基础，推导基于等效电路阻尼的互联系统稳定性判据。然后，基于此判据和时域仿真结果，分析风机网侧变流器、锁相环和柔性直流换流器的控制带宽与振荡风险的关系，指出系统振荡频率随控制参数改变的变化规律。最后，分析风速和并网风机台数对风电经柔性直流送出系统的等效电路阻尼特性影响，提出振荡稳定性约束的控制参数设计要求。

统计时分复用技术应用于 SDH设备可实现带宽的按需分配 .文章提出将称为 MPover SDH的统计时分复用技术应用于常规 SDH设备 ,使之更适于传送城域网业务 .

在数据业务即将成为主流业务的背景下 ,通过对比基于技术融合方式构造的几种新设备 ,阐述了下一代 SDH传输设备的特性 ,该设备采用了统计复用与时分复用 （ TDM）结合的方式 ,既发挥时分复用的可靠性、实时性 ,又发挥统计复用的高效性 .

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Trace amounts of gaseous chemical contaminations in electronic clean rooms significantly impact chip manufacturing. To reduce the chip-making process for large-scale integrated circuits, monitor these contaminants becomes a pivotal step. Offer an overview of international, national standards and semiconductor roadmaps, regarding environmental requirements for electronic clean rooms and the potential threats various pollutants pose to chip manufacturing. The principles of the main methods used to measure trace gases in current electronic clean rooms were discussed, with particular focus on the lowest detection limits and sensitivity, based on previous research. The performance specifications of instruments from various manufacturers currently used for measurements have been summarized. Additionally, principal enhancement measures for improving the detection limit and sensitivity specific to different measurement methodologies have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In response to the issue of low intelligence level in formulating pump station operation schemes and the difficulty in completing the pumping volume within the planned time due to environmental changes during operation, a method for intelligent recommendation and optimization of pump station operation schemes based on knowledge graph was proposed. This method utilized the historical data of the Denglou Pump Station of the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project from 2013 to 2022 to build a knowledge graph, and combined numerical similarity matching methods to recommend reliable operation schemes for the pump station. By analyzing the performance data during pump station operation, the characteristic curves of pump unit operation were determined, and dynamic adjustment of pump station operation schemes was carried out based on real-time monitoring of flow rate and net head data. The application situation indicates that all recommended operation schemes have efficiencies of over 67.00%, the schemes can meet the operational requirements of the pump station and achieve dynamic optimization of the pump station operation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Under the background of rural revitalization, even the superposition of multiple effects such as resources, market and policies, the development of rural leisure tourism in ethnic minority areas took up the “natural time” and “geographical” conditions, and at the same time, it faced the dilemma of “talents”. Talents have become the biggest weakness restricting the development of rural leisure tourism in ethnic minority areas. This paper analyzed the new opportunity and connotation of the development of rural leisure tourism in ethnic minority areas. Then it pointed out that the development of rural leisure tourism in ethnic minority areas needed five types of talents, including management talent, planning and development talent, cultural creativity talent, ecological protection and marketing talent. Based on the high-quality development of rural leisure tourism in ethnic minority areas, this paper put forward suggestions, for example perfecting the mechanism of education and training, constructing the system of education and training, innovating the way of education and training, and activating the power of education and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]