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Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The establishment of an evaluation model for bus operation efficiency is crucial in determining the bus routes along the rail transit line that require optimization, laying the theoretical foundation for the integration of the two networks. Firstly, a qualitative and quantitative method was used to select bus routes that have a high correlation with the rail transit system and are of research significance. Secondly, an evaluation system was constructed based on the rationality of the bus network itself and the synergy between the two networks. Finally, the Pareto optimal cross-efficiency model was employed to determine the operation efficiency of the bus routes along the rail transit line. Taking the example of Line 1 in Nanchang, 25 bus routes along the line were identified and empirically analyzed. The results indicate that the Pareto optimal cross-efficiency models score is more readily accepted by all DMUs (decision-making units). The data analysis reveales that the bus network in Nanchang exhibites good self-rationality. However, in terms of synergy between the two networks, there is room for improvement by optimizing route directions and adjusting route duplication coefficients to enhance their collaborative nature. Finally, this paper is based on the Pareto cross-efficiency mean values of both factors, the 25 bus routes were categorized into four cases, providing practical and valuable insights for the managers and decision-makers of the public transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the population continues to age, there is increasing academic attention to the construction of an elderly-friendly social environment. Guided by active aging, it is crucial to adapt transportation infrastructure to the needs of the elderly and implement corresponding service management measures. Given China's significant elderly population, the urgent need arises to create age-friendly public transportation environments. Currently, several challenges exist, including the exploration of transportation planning for the elderly, traditional planning's lack of responsiveness to diverse travel patterns among the elderly, and the necessity to strengthen governance measures in establishing age-friendly public transportation environments. This study investigates the developmental process, key considerations, and governance strategies of transportation service planning for vulnerable groups in Florida. It explores the characteristics of participatory planning processes, differentiated transportation service strategies, and systematic governance measures, aiming to provide valuable insights into China's efforts in constructing an age-friendly public transportation environment. Taking into account China's national context and the current state of population aging, the study proposes the following three recommendations: Develop transportation service plans that cater to the specific needs of the elderly, with a focus on creating a favorable policy environment. This involves establishing a collaborative, multi-level planning and governance system for vulnerable groups, promoting the integration of "age-friendly" design and "elderly-assistance" services. Fully consider regional and individual differences, tailor construction targets and governance strategies accordingly, and propose refined transformation and governance approaches. Advocate for a governance model that combines "full participation" and "technological empowerment," effectively addressing the needs of the elderly. This includes enhancing the involvement of the elderly in the creation of age-friendly public transportation and achieving a cooperative and shared governance approach to age-friendly transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport matters for health and education outcomes, by ensuring physical access to crucial facilities. Using spatial modelling techniques and routable public transport service data, this study assesses the effectiveness of mostly semi fixed-route public transport systems in connecting people to advanced healthcare and education facilities in African cities. Uncovering significant pockets of ‘accessibility poverty’ – travel times above an acceptable level – it underscores the inequality in access within the cities, disproportionately affecting poor populations. Proximity of public transport to homes matters but has limited impact, due to how the routes, operated mainly by informal service providers, are allocated across the urban space and the low technical performance. The low ‘value added’ of public transport compared to walking helps explain the prevalence of foot travel. Tailored policy interventions – improving the public transport systems and, equally importantly, ensuring more equitable spatial distribution of advanced healthcare facilities – emerge as crucial strategies for addressing accessibility poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to overcome geographical distance is necessary to participate in social inclusion activities, such as employment. This paper seeks to describe the accessibility of job opportunities outside Uruguay’s capital city metropolitan area. This analysis entails empirically assessing intercity accessibility because workers in small cities frequently have to commute outside their cities of residence. This research reveals different regional accessibility profiles and allows us to identify vulnerable regions based on lack of accessibility to job opportunities. For the most vulnerable regions, travel by public transport would afford access to a number of job opportunities that, after considering the number of job seekers, would provide a level of employment well below the national rate. The findings suggest that policies to improve accessibility should not be homogeneous and must consider regional disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the bus transfer efficiency and optimize the bus system, the bus transfer network was constructed based on GIS software, and the network was used to measure and analyze the transfer accessibility. Combined with Space-P model and network analysis method, the same-station transfer sub-network was constructed based on the basic information of bus route paths, stations and intersections in Chengguan District of Lhasa City. Combined with the information of bus station service scope, pedestrian. path and intersection, the different-station interchange sub-network was constructed. The two sub-networks were collaborated to realize the construction of bus transfer network based on ArcGIS, and the passenger on-board time and the transfer coefficient of bus routes were measured and analyzed based on the constructed transfer network. The results show that the constructed network can measure the passenger on-board time well, and the maximum value of passenger on-board time is 68.68 min with the minimum value of 2.00 min and the average value of passenger transfer on-board time of 29.90 min. This network can well measure the interchange coefficients to obtain 90 300 effective interchange routes with the maximum interchange coefficient of 4 (62 routes) and the minimum value of 0 (1354 routes). Using the accessibility metric model, the good measurement and analysis of bus stop time accessibility and transfer accessibility can be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes the use of photojournalism to understand women's urban mobility practices in contemporary Mexico City. Throughout the analysis, a variety of issues such as economic violence, time poverty and sexual harassment emerge. In general, the article argues that, by analysing the cultural representations that circulate within different media in a specific social and historical context, particular experiences of urban mobilities are made visible, thereby enriching current urban mobility scholarship. Specifically, the article explores how the analysis of material makes visible the various and distinct encounters that women experience when using public transport in Mexico City. The article makes the case that there is already plenty of scholarship within the humanities and cultural studies that could be integrated into existing research on urban mobility practices, enhancing our understanding of how such practices are distinct in particular locations and time periods, and ultimately helping to achieve a more complex and nuanced understanding of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally considered that public transport is a more restrictive, less freely chosen form of public space, one that generates less chosen encounters than other public spaces. Daily travel can nonetheless be considered a context of familiar everyday experience, and public transport a place that is likely to reconcile exposure to others with a certain form of privacy. In our research, we used video to observe the ordinary experience of day-to-day mobility in situ on the A train that serves the Paris urban area (France). It reveals a taxonomy of the small arrangements with self and others that travellers display on public transport, by investigating the patterns of attention to others and the methods employed by individuals to cope with the anonymity and ambivalence of everyday experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public transport is a contested political terrain and an arena of micro-political struggle: it is always kinopolitical. This reflection on the articles gathered in the special issue on Public Transport as Public Space discusses their connections to prior work in the field and what we can learn from these new studies of public transport as a public space, as a public sphere and as an atmospheric public constellation. It shows how the concept of mobile publics opened up new avenues for exploring the relation between public space and public spheres within the moving spaces of encounter of public transportation systems and their diverse passengers. Qualitative methodologies for the study of the flexible and contingent socialities of the mobile public realm have become especially relevant for the study of public transportation as a public space in which cosmopolitan or collective identities are in tension with alienation and atomisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing this special issue on public transport as public space, we discuss challenges in approaching public transport as public space and outline how incorporating approaches from different disciplines associated with urban studies is essential for this ambition. We offer an account of the multi-dimensional aspects of public transport as public space, including concepts of public space, questions of encounters and conviviality, linkages between micro- and macro-practices, regulations, discrepancies, conflicts and associated negative encounters, historicised experiences and political perspectives. We stress the need to expand existing perspectives on public space by embracing mobile spaces such as public transport. This entails scrutinising spaces inside public transport vehicles and stations as well as analysing the various ways across the sometimes physical and sometimes invisible barriers defined in written rules, separating public transport space from the remainder of the city's public spaces, notably that of the street. Thus, the special issue: explores questions about the spatiality of publicness; attends to public space as a normative ideal; considers critical aspects of passengering as related to conviviality and contested encounters; and, addresses how the publicness of public transport is affected by modernisation, post-colonialism and urban politics. As we strongly feel that these questions require learning from across disciplines, the special issue includes contributions from diverse fields across the realm of urban studies and humanities alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lacuna in our understanding of how publicness of public transit is being constituted is the primary point of departure for this paper. In recent times, publicness has been articulated through two parallel readings – one, a political economic reading that sees publicness through static macrostructural constraints; and two, micro-sociality aboard public transit manifests an in situ and spontaneous public space. Moving beyond the static and the spontaneous, we articulate a dynamic co-constituted notion of publicness. Building upon recent work that examines the entangling of micro- and macropolitics onboard public transit and relying upon a mobile ethnographic approach revolving around situated observation and interviewing surrounding buses located in the Indian metropolis of Bengaluru, this paper offers publicness as a contingent entity that is constituted through the process of transiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the example of the metro in Brussels, we examine public transport as a public space. We uncover how the conception of the metro and its fare system reflects an idealisation of public transport that conflicts with the daily experiences and structural inequalities among its users, manifested, in part, in fare evasion. We explore this practice through qualitative interviews, observational studies and analysis of online evader platforms. In contrast with existing research, we recognise fare evasion as a complex practice that challenges and shapes the publicness of public transport through knowledge exchange, solidarity building, social encounters and a redefinition of social norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public transport plays an integral role in urban centres by promoting economic development, mitigating environmental degradation and fostering social cohesion. It also enables users to experience the socio-cultural and linguistic diversity of a locality. Public transport is important to the cosmopolitan city-state of Singapore: its public transport system, which is ranked among the best in the world, is used by over 7.54 million passengers daily. Nevertheless, not much is known about how the linguistic landscapes, soundscapes and place names are tied to public transport use and encounters. This study analyses Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station names, effectively toponyms (place names) in their own right. Specifically, it focuses on the East West and North South Lines, two of Singapore's oldest MRT lines. Besides tracing the (initially) tumultuous history of the MRT system, the paper studies the languages used in the MRT stations of both lines. It argues that place names, taken together with the sights and sounds of the MRT, are part of everyday multilingualism, or the linguistic dynamism when different linguistic groups occupy public spaces. This paper also explores some of the linguistic, socio-political and policy making considerations behind the MRT stations through a critical toponymic perspective. From the viewpoint of the special issue's interests, the paper contributes to understanding the historicisation of Singapore's rail system and its contesting political and economic choices when developing the MRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a public space, the environment of public transportation services is maintained by an ordered set of rules and conditions. Such rules and conditions are prescribed by law as they are in generally-accepted norms of social behaviour within public space. Through the examination of the Conditions of Carriage that govern bus transportation in Cape Town, South Africa, using Golden Arrow Bus Services, this paper seeks to highlight the myriad ways that urban public space on the move is mediated, negotiated and controlled through rules of conduct that differentiate mobile public space from its counterpart in the environment outside the bus. Understood as a mundane part of the social life of the city and its inhabitants, mobility in the form of public transportation is constituted by micro-communities whose publics are in a constant state of flux and negotiation. Using analysis of the Conditions of Carriage and an ethnographic case study of bus passengering, this paper demonstrates how the Conditions mediate the situated and lived assemblage of actors in mobile public space that is a liminal zone between inclusion and exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travelers' day-to-day mobility depends on their perceptions, experiences, and personal characteristics. Many accessibility measures overlook perceptual factors and mainly consider space–time limitations of mobility, overestimating travelers' potential mobility. We introduce a novel inclusive accessibility concept that advances time-geographic accessibility measures in light of travel behavior theories. We conceptualize inclusive accessibility as a subset of the classic space–time prism (STP) that incorporates hard constraints (e.g., limited infrastructure and services and time) and soft constraints (e.g., perceptions of safety and comfort toward the built environment and infrastructure and travel time preferences). We collected survey data on individual-level mobility perceptions and applied machine learning algorithms to predict personalized soft constraints for walking. Considering public transit and walking, we model and compare three network-based STPs: classic STP with hard constraints, inclusive STP with soft spatial constraints, and inclusive STP with soft spatial and temporal constraints. Our method demonstrates heterogeneities in individuals' mobility perceptions. We illustrate that the individual's level of accessibility shrinks substantially as we approach more conservative measures that include travel perceptions. Our method highlights the differences between travelers' physically and psychologically accessible space depending on their travel choices and exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have documented the linkage between public transportation and economic outcomes, though there is relatively little empirical evidence on the consequences of losing existing transit services, especially bus services, which disproportionately serve low-income populations. We investigate the impacts of bus access on poverty and employment using a natural experiment in Clayton County, GA, where the local bus transit was terminated between 2010 and 2015. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find substantial increases in poverty and unemployment rates in affected neighbourhoods during the five-year period. Our findings suggest both the spatial mismatch hypothesis, which predicts the reduction in transit access can lead to reductions in job accessibility and employment, and the residential sorting hypothesis, which states that poor households gravitate towards neighbourhoods with better transit access, could be at play. Overall, we find strong evidence that disruptions in bus transit could have significant adverse impacts on neighbourhood economic outcomes. Our findings underscore the need for federal and local public transportation funding to help improve job access, alleviate poverty, and maintain neighbourhood stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable modes of transport, including both public transit and active transport, have been promoted as strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, one factor that may influence their use is related to security concerns, although prior evidence on this topic is scarce and inconclusive. We explore whether perceived security in 10 large cities in Latin America is related to mode choice for commuting. We rely on the 2017 CAF Survey implemented by the Development Bank of Latin America, where individuals report their levels of satisfaction with neighbourhood security. Our results suggest that individuals who feel more satisfied with their neighbourhood security engage in more public transit commuting, although this result holds only for male commuters. Our results suggest that strategies aimed at increasing security can alleviate concerns about neighbourhood crime, increasing the use of public transit in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Operations Research Transactions / Yunchouxue Xuebao is the property of Editorial office of Operations Research Transactions and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The travel efficiency of public transportation is a key indicator for judging whether the quality of public transportation has developed compared with other modes of transportation, especially private vehicles. The quality of public transportation is also an important reference factor for residents' choices. With the rapid urban expansion and improvement in motorized travel levels, reducing the time difference between private vehicles and public transportation is the key to improving the attractiveness of public transportation. The relative spatiotemporal efficiency is based on the time difference between private vehicles and public transportation, considering the number of passengers. Recently, scholars have shown great interest in relative travel efficiency. However, relevant studies have shown poor real-time performance because of the unavailability of large datasets, which cannot dynamically reflect the characteristics of relative travel efficiency. The spread of big data and internet maps enables us to perform systematic efficiency evaluations. The internet map incorporates various travel-related information such as travel route, time, and cost under different travel modes based on real-time road conditions and provides access to the extracted embedded travel information. This study proposes a framework for evaluating the spatiotemporal efficiency of different travel modes based on real-time road conditions in Shenzhen. First, travel time data were obtained using an internet map during the morning, afternoon, and evening rush hours. The passenger flow volume was computed using smart card data. We then constructed an evaluation index model of spatiotemporal efficiency based on the relative time efficiency and weighted passenger flow volume. Finally, the results highlighted the following: 1) the relative time efficiency of public transportation was higher during the evening rush hours than in the morning. The main reason was the increase in private vehicle travel time during the evening rush hours, reflecting the complexity of urban road conditions during the evening; 2) the spatiotemporal efficiency index of central public transport stations fluctuated greatly during the three periods, which was closely related to the dynamics of traffic volume caused by the high concentration of workplaces; 3) the spatiotemporal efficiency index of public transportation stations exhibited spatial aggregation characteristics in the three periods, highlighting the different clustering characteristics in the central and outer areas; 4) the spatiotemporal efficiency index of subway stations was generally higher than that of bus stations, reflecting the importance of subway systems in urban transportation networks. Evaluating the relative travel efficiency of urban public transport contributes to analyzing the development status of public transportation, supporting decisions to achieve high-quality development of public transport, and providing travel information for the government and residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mechanical & Electronic Control Engineering is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High-profile architecture and design, alongside integrated arts and cultural programming are now ubiquitous features of public transit networks. This article considers how and why transit-based arts and cultural programmes are proliferating globally as well as the impact of these programmes on transit and urban dynamics. Through critically analysing the discourses surrounding different transit art initiatives and the institutional structures which support them, this article shows how transit art is used today for varied – and often contradictory – ends. Based on this, it argues that we should not uncritically celebrate the rise of transit art as an unmitigated civic good. Rather, we must situate the rise of transit art within a political and aesthetic economy in which art has become 'expedient', and contend with the way transit art is implicated in elite, exclusionary and unsustainable processes of urbanisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering is the property of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We examine the relationship between rail accessibility and the pattern of demographic characteristics at long-established Rail Transit Served Communities. The analytical methods involve the juxtaposition of property premium estimates and assessment of spatial effects on demographic composition. Despite finding considerable property premiums associated with access to rail transit across metropolitan Sydney, we report little evidence of sorting in relation to economically advantaged or disadvantaged residents. Further, the demographic groups commonly linked to gentrification, including high-income and professionals, are not found to dominate areas of high rail accessibility and only those with advanced educational qualifications are shown to increase in concentration with closer access to rail transit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility research and theory suggests that new parents often develop a car-dependent way of living that runs counter to prevailing climate policies. In this context, the current study investigates the influence of public transport accessibility on car ownership among first-time parents in the Oslo region. Specific attention is paid to how the effect of accessibility varies with different income levels. Linear probability and fixed-effects models are applied to parents and a control group of non-parents to explore these relationships. The results show that public transport accessibility reduces the likelihood of car ownership in the years after family formation, although with larger impacts for some income groups than for others. Households with a high income combine car ownership with high access, whereas others seem to sacrifice one for the other. These findings have several policy implications. First, urban regions with a combination of gentrification in the central city and increasing poverty in suburban areas face a potential conflict between environmental and social sustainability. Finding ways to increase central-city opportunities for low- and medium-income families is a difficult but important step towards greater overall sustainability. Second, the reduction of car ownership among high-income households appears to require supplementary measures. The article ends with a discussion of the findings in the context of broader urban policy development, particularly in relation to the prioritisation of collective consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Management Studies is the property of Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering is the property of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering is the property of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

随着新基建等技术的泛在应用，需求响应公交（DRT）正成为未来城市交通发展的趋势。为了进一步厘清DRT的国内外研究现状，首先，梳理和分析了DRT的分类和实现DRT运营所必需的生产要素；其次，阐述了DRT模式的产生过程和运营实践；再次，从优化目标、约束选择、求解算法3个维度对DRT优化问题进行分析总结，尤其对元启发式算法进行了详细总结；最后，在面向 DRT 的应用场景、模型构建、算法求解、常规公交与DRT协同优化等方面提出了展望，针对DRT未来可能的研究方向和研究热点提出了建议。

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Credibly identifying how the built environment shapes behaviour is empirically challenging, because people select residential locations based on differing constraints and preferences for site amenities. Our study overcomes these research barriers by leveraging San Francisco's affordable housing lotteries, which randomly allow specific households to move to specific residences. Using administrative data, we demonstrate that lottery-winning households' baseline preferences are uncorrelated with their allotted residential features such as public transportation accessibility, parking availability and bicycle infrastructure – meaning that neighbourhood attributes and a building's parking supply are effectively assigned at random. Surveying the households, we find that these attributes significantly affect transportation mode choices. Most notably, we show that essentially random variation in on-site parking availability greatly changes households' car ownership decisions and driving frequency, with substitution away from public transport. In contrast, we find that parking availability does not affect employment or job mobility. Overall, the evidence from our study robustly supports that local features of the built environment are important determinants of transportation behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined decentralisation of many firms and services and the increasing concentration of traditional public transport services in the main corridors of urban centres have made it more difficult for people to access jobs, in particular when residing outside these prime accessibility areas. This is the first national study within the context of Great Britain to examine whether better public transport job accessibility, modelled at the micro level of individuals, improves employment probabilities for people living in Great Britain. While previous studies have typically concentrated on US metropolitan areas, our study uses British national employment micro datasets to assess which urban and rural areas and population groups would benefit from better public transport services. In an important departure from most standard accessibility methodologies, we computed a public transport job accessibility measure applied nationwide and combined this with individual-level employment probability models for Great Britain. The models were corrected for endogeneity by applying an instrumental variable approach. The study finds that better public transport job accessibility improves individual employment probabilities, in particular in metropolitan areas and smaller cities and towns with lower car ownership rates and in low-income neighbourhoods. It further shows that mainly lower educated groups and young people would benefit from better public transport job accessibility. The findings in this study are important for policymakers in that they imply that, in particular, job seekers who rely on public transport services may benefit from more targeted public policies to improve their accessibility to employment and thereby their social mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores seven segregation cases involving African-American women and public transportation that played out in the city courts of St. Louis between 1865 and 1871. Situating the cases within a theoretical framework of mobility, the article explores the spatial characteristics of African-American working-class women's lives and the extent to which streetcars became staging grounds for larger civil rights battles. While previous accounts of streetcar activism have often positioned cases as isolated incidents undertaken by elite African-American women, the cases in St. Louis attest to the rise of civil rights activism among working-class African-American women. The discussion further shows how they contributed to the nature and form of oppositional politics in St. Louis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the Muslim other into consideration, this article investigates Muslims' everyday encounters within the (im)mobile spaces of public transport that entangle bodies with different histories, backgrounds, and imaginaries. Building on affective atmospheres, I propose an embodied understanding of othering practices and traveling with difference in public transport. Employing (auto)ethnography in Amsterdam, I present public transport as a cross-cultural meeting place with spatial negotiation of difference to study everyday travel experiences of young Muslims. Contributing to the field of mobilities studies, this article bridges the gap in the empirical evidence on the role of public transport, race, and religion in the othering of Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of urban Big Data creates new opportunities for a deeper understanding of transportation within cities, revealing patterns and dynamics that were previously hidden. Public transit agencies are collecting and publishing high-resolution schedule and real-time vehicle location data to help users schedule trips and navigate the system. We can use these data to generate new insights into public transit delays, a major source of user dissatisfaction. Leveraging open General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) and administrative Automatic Passenger Counter (APC) data, we develop two measures to assess the risk of missing bus route transfers and the consequent time penalties due to delays. Risk of Missing Transfers (RoMT) measures the empirical probability of missed transfers, and Average Total Time Penalty (ATTP) shows overall time loss compared to the schedule. We apply these measures to data from the Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA), a public transit agency serving the Columbus, Ohio, USA metropolitan area. We aggregate, visualise and analyse these measures at different spatial and temporal resolutions, revealing patterns that demonstrate the heterogeneous impacts of bus delays. We also simulate the impacts of dedicated bus lanes reducing missing risk and time penalties. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of measures based on high-resolution schedule and real-time vehicle location data to assess the impacts of delays and to guide planning and decision making that can improve on-time performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geography & Geographic Information Science is the property of Geography & Geo-Information Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to reduce the deadheading time and realize the equality of working time among crews in transit vehicle scheduling, this paper proposed a super time-space network based transit vehicle scheduling model and designed a modified harmony search algorithm for solving it. Firstly, this paper transformed the depot, trip, connector, pulling out arc, pulling in arc and deadheading trip into the nodes and arcs of a super time-space network. Secondly, this paper formulated a corresponding model of transit vehicle scheduling based on the constructed time-space network. Thirdly, this paper designed a mixed creation operator that made use of the information from harmony memory and the field of feasible solution. Fourthly, by searching the connectors in a circle, this paper built up an assignment network with local network elements and then realized the refinement of pitch by solving the above assignment problem. At last, based on the above operators, this paper presented a modified harmony search algorithm for the scheduling model. This research discovers the following: reducing deadheading trips and realizing the equality of working time are a pair of conflicted objectives, and optimizing them at same time needs a trade-off in view of the real life requirement. The size of deviation among trip chains has no monotonic dependent relation with the fleet size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In view of the preferences of different user groups for various travel indices of public transit, this paper formulated a corresponding variational inequality model ( VIM) of transit assignment that combined multiple transit modes. Firstly, this paper made use of the conception of supernetwork to describe the transit behaviors in transfer zones, upload zones and download zones in a virtual network. Secondly,it presented a transit assignment VIM based on the user equilibrium principle. It proved mono- tone of the feature mapping of VIM to guarantee the feasibility of the following algorithm. To solve the above VIM, this paper proposed a modified projected gradient method based on gradually generating the effective paths and proved the effectiveness of the new algorithm theoretically. At last, the numerical experiment verified the efficiency of the new model and the algorithm. The research result can provide theoretical and technical support to the analysis of transit flow with multiple modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With about 12 million inhabitants, São Paulo, Brazil, is the largest city in South America. As in many other major southern hemisphere cities, this extreme concentration of people imposes a number of mobility and security challenges. The objective of this article was to investigate the space-time patterns of mobility and violent victimisation in São Paulo's metro stations from a gender perspective. The methodology combines use of a Geographical Information System (GIS), statistical analysis through negative binomial regression modelling and hypothesis testing. Results indicate that mobility and the level of victimisation are gender dependent. Women are at higher risk of victimisation than men in São Paulo's central metro station, while men run higher risk of violence at end stations – both notably during late night periods. The presence of employees reduces the risk of violence, except during the mornings. The article suggests that crime prevention initiatives need to be gender informed and sensitive to the particular spatial and temporal features of rapid transit environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through ethnographic contact with the working lives of male autorickshaw drivers in contemporary Kolkata, India, this article unravels the gendered politics of co-presence in shared movement systems in the city. In doing so, it makes a feminist intervention in the literature on urban infrastructures by revealing precisely how ideas of masculinity operate as an invisible structuring principle of everyday mobility. The discussion foregrounds conflict, cooperation and disappointment as the key experiential axes along which male transport workers inhabit infrastructural space in the city. It argues that urban infrastructures are experienced by working-class men as a reminder of their struggle to accomplish the norm of respectable breadwinner masculinity, even as they function as a terrain which allows other expressions of masculinity – such as risk-taking, mastery over space, camaraderie – to be enacted and affirmed. Using a micro-sociological approach to understanding interactions in the spaces of commuting, this article brings into view the interface between cultures of masculinity and the social life of transport infrastructures through which gendered spatial inequalities are lived in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to analyze the delay level of bus stations, two bus station delay estimation methods are proposed from the micro and macro perspectives for typical linear and harbor bus stations. The first is to decompose the bus stop process at a micro level, select bus entry and exit time, passenger boarding time and other delay time as delay parameters according to the different stages of bus stop, analyze the actual survey data to obtain the reference value under the condition of no delay at each stage and calculate delay time at bus stops. The second is to introduce the bus load arrival rate to reflect the actual operation status of the station, analyze the relationship between load arrival rate and delay of the bus station, propose a delay time estimation model and determine that the bus load arrival rate is greater than 20 vehicles/h as the scope of application. Through field survey verification, the results show that the error rate between the results obtained by the two estimation methods and the actual observation data is less than 15%, which is basically in line with the actual situation, can be used to estimate the delay of the bus station and provide theoretical basis for optimizing the layout of bus stops, reducing residents' travel time and improving travel satisfaction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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