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This study discusses the legal protection of a child victim of cyberbullying and a child perpetrator. This research raised a case where a child with the initial “Z” who became a victim of cyberbullying from her schoolmate with the initial “S”. The research method used is the normative-juridical method: processing legal materials collected through a literature review. This study aims to determine the applicable law (legal protection) against the child victims of cyberbullying, based on Law No.35 of 2014 in conjunction with Law No.11 of 2008. In terms of the child perpetrator of cyberbullying, the criminal justice system of the children must be based on Law No. 11 of 2012. The result shows that “Z”, the child victim of Cyberbullying, has received positive legal protection in Indonesia based on Article 76C of Law 35/2014, and Article 27 paragraph (4) juncto Article 28 paragraph (2) of Law 11/2012. Child “S” who terrorizes Child “Z” via WhatsApp may be subject to criminal sanctions in accordance to Article 80 paragraph (1) of Law 35/2014 juncto Article 45 paragraph (1) and (2) of Law 11/2008 junctis Article 81 of Law 11/2012. This case criminal sanctions can be imposed on Child “S” with Law 11/2012.

Thousands died in the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake in February 2023, and even more were injured. Some were administered transdermal fentanyl patches (TFPs) due to severe pain. Two pediatric patients, both severely injured victims of the earthquake, developed dependence on TFPs and experienced difficulties during the cessation of fentanyl treatment. The first child was discharged while still being administered fentanyl after four months. In the second case, TFPs could be ceased after four months. This study aimed to emphasize that TFPs can lead to dependence in pediatric patients as well; hence, they should be used more carefully to avoid any potential dependency., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2024, Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.)

SUMMARY: This article gives a general overview of the current situation in relation to a range of widely recognised and also newly identified types of child maltreatment. The academic and clinical evidence relating to the impact of child maltreatment on the mental and physical health of child victims is substantial and steadily increasing in volume. New types of abuse are being identified, and changing environmental circumstances, which exacerbate the possibility of widely recognised types of child maltreatment occurring, are also being described. These include multi-type maltreatment, female genital mutilation and online child maltreatment. Serious questions may arise regarding neglect of the moral and social development of children and young people who become addicted to online gaming and pornography. Multiple national and local definitions of each of these existing and new forms of maltreatment have been created, some of which are covered here. The impact of these abuses on the physical and mental health and development of child victims in families or settings where abuse or neglect has occurred is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After war and armed conflicts, the child victims of these events need protection and reintegration. In reality, the physical and psychic consequences of wars on children persist for some time after the war. In this regard, we must prepare the reintegration of these children into society. To reintegrate these children, we must think of both a general course of rehabilitation followed by special rehabilitation according to the child's needs. In this respect, initially, we must initiate psychosocial help to restore the psychological and social development of children and to mitigate the harmful effects of wars. We noted that the content of psychosocial assistance for the child victims of war depends primarily on their particular needs and cultures and their traditions. General rehabilitation must thus rest on the capacity of the children to overcome the difficult conditions in the aftermath of wars. In this regard, the communities, the families, the schools, the teachers and the children themselves must take part in the process of curing these children and their support. Here, we can use certain possible models of creative therapy. For example, the cultural media such as arts of interpretation and arts visual as well as the accounts of the children themselves, the creative word can decrease the psychological problems of the child victims of war and facilitate their rehabilitation in the community.

This article analyses how child victims of abuse may be subjected to hermeneutical injustice. I start by explaining how child victims are hermeneutically marginalised by adults' social and epistemic authority, and the stigma around child abuse. In understanding their abuse, I highlight two epistemic obstacles child victims may face: (i) lack of access to concepts of child abuse, thereby causing victims not to know what abuse is; and (ii) myths of child abuse causing misunderstandings of abuse. When these epistemic obstacles cause the child victims to fail to see themselves as being abused and/or to get adults to recognise that they are being abused, I argue that this constitutes hermeneutical injustice. While some may justify obstructing epistemic access to concepts of abuse on the grounds of parental rights and protection of children's innocence, I reply that both grounds are unjust in light of children's basic rights and the fact that children can easily be taught such concepts in a child-appropriate manner. The case of child abuse prompts important reflections on existing epistemic injustice literature, particularly on the ways in which hermeneutical injustice materialises, the epistemic responsibilities of institutional bodies and individuals, and the interrelationship between testimonial and hermeneutical injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study adds to the growing body of knowledge on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by examining the experiences of Canadian child maltreatment investigators. Three focus groups were conducted with child maltreatment investigators (n = 16) from across Canada to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on child maltreatment investigators and the children and families they work with. Findings from this qualitative study relate to the personal and professional impact of COVID-19 on child maltreatment investigators and the impact of COVID-19 on investigators’ work practices. Subthemes relating to the impact of COVID-19 on child maltreatment investigators include fatigue, stress, and burnout; self-care and isolation; working from home with increasing workloads; child maltreatment investigators as essential workers; and workplace support. Participants’ work practices were impacted by rates of reporting throughout the pandemic, reduced in-person contact with clients, remote services and communication, and COVID-related safety protocols and challenges. Recommendations stemming from these focus groups include the recognition of child maltreatment investigators as essential workers, access to adequate counseling services for child maltreatment investigators, workplace flexibility for child maltreatment investigators, and ensuring that child protection agencies are adequately resourced to maintain manageable workloads.

Introduction: Child trafficking is a clear violation of human rights, robbing minors of their fundamental entitlements. These encompass the right to personal identity, familial bonds, cultural heritage, access to healthcare and proper nourishment, education, freedom of speech, and the assurance of safety and security. Children and young people, given their inherent vulnerability and limited access to support networks, frequently struggle to safeguard themselves effectively. This predicament presents traffickers with opportunities to exploit and manipulate them. Therefore, it is essential for professionals across various sectors—including education, healthcare, protective and social services, as well as the justice system—to undergo comprehensive training and be integrated into a robust social protection system. This preparation should equip them to conduct screenings, accurately assess needs, and adhere to international guidelines when addressing cases of child trafficking. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the child-centered anti-trafficking approaches employed by Italy and Turkey, situated along migration pathways in the Mediterranean region and experiencing significant regular and irregular migration flows in recent years. Both nations fall within the classification of southern European welfare regimes. Methodology: This research specifically delves into the social protection policies aimed at children and young victims established by these two countries. Carried out between 1 February 2020 and 20 May 2021, this study employed a semi-structured interview approach, conducting qualitative in-depth interviews in both Italy and Turkey. This research targeted experts from various disciplines engaged in combating human trafficking in both countries, with a total sample size of 46 participants, comprising 15 experts from Italy and 31 from Turkey. Grounded theory formed the basis of the study, with data analyzed using the MAXQDA 2020 Pro Analytics program, employing a multidisciplinary and empowerment approach. Results: The analysis yielded 2942 codes, 17 sub-themes, and four main themes. The study identified four main themes: (i) characteristics of child victims and vulnerable child groups, (ii) services provided to at-risk groups and child trafficking victims within the current national counter-trafficking framework, (iii) challenges encountered in delivering services to children and young individuals, and (iv) recommendations for establishing an effective and child-centered protection system. Discussion and Conclusion: It is imperative to ensure that victims of child trafficking have access to comprehensive social protection measures. It has been noted that both Italy and Turkey offer various services to victims of child trafficking, including in-kind and -cash social assistance, free legal aid, shelter services, access to education and healthcare, as well as prevention, awareness, and advocacy programs. However, there are also differences between the two countries in certain aspects. Recommendations aimed at addressing these differences can be developed by adhering to the minimum standards outlined in the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminal cases in Indonesia cannot be seen from one side only, namely the fate of the perpetrators themselves. However, there are several things that need to be considered when it comes to victims of crime, this is because the victim suffers material and non-material losses and this is also legal protection for the victim. One of the rights regulated by law is the right to protection against sexual violence. In this research the problem isCan restitution be used as a form of legal protection for child victims of sexual violence by biological fathers based on the principle of justice? Then the method usedis a qualitative research, namely a research method that emphasizes the aspect of in-depth understanding of a problem rather than examining the problem in general, which uses in-depth analysis techniques, namely examining problems case by case in this case cases that occurred in the District Court Salatiga. The result is that restitution can be used as a form of legal protection for child victims of sexual violence, including if the perpetrator is the victim's own father. However, it is still necessary to receive criticism and input that there is no specific law that regulates this right to restitution, including if the perpetrator is the biological father of the victim, so this creates various kinds of problems and ambiguity at the implementation level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the scope of the responsibility of the State to ensure access to criminal justice for child victims of parental violence from a children's and human rights perspective and how this would serve the best interests of the child before, during and after criminal proceedings. The purpose of this article is to establish a human rights framework to promote better understanding of the multi-faceted problems inherent in the combat of parental violence by means of the criminal justice system, articulate obligations imposed upon States and facilitate a holistic approach. The article also explores to what extent the Netherlands, presented as a case study, meets the obligation to provide child victims of parental violence with access to criminal justice and whether there is a need to re-evaluate the role of criminal law in combating parental violence in the Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The ability to modulate sensory input or the way an individual responds to sensory information, to create an appropriate adaptive response may be influenced by exposure to trauma. The study aimed to describe sensory modulation dysfunction in child victims of trauma in clinical settings in a residential urban South African setting. Method: A descriptive quantitative research design was implemented. Using purposive sampling, child victims of trauma from four residential care sites were selected. The Child Sensory Profile™ 2 was completed on 128 children by childcare workers. Results: Of the participants 91.4 % (117) were identified with sensory modulation dysfunction with only 8.6% (11) participants displaying no symptoms and scoring 'just like the majority of others' in all categories of the summary scores. More than 50% of the participants presented with sensory thresholds and self-regulation according to Sensory Avoidance, Sensory Sensitivity and Low Registration Quadrants that were 'more than others and much more than others'. Over 50% of participants also displayed difficulty in Touch Sensory Processing and Social-Emotional and Attentional Behaviours, in the 'more than others and much more than others' range. The sensory profile for this sample of Child Victims of Trauma, differed significantly from typical children 'just like the majority of others', indicating a vigilant sensory subtype with increased sensory sensitivity and sensory avoiding. Conclusion: A high percentage of child victims of trauma presented with sensory modulation dysfunction, mostly with low thresholds for sensory input. Sensory Modulation dysfunction leads to a disruption in self-regulation and adaptive behaviour affecting participation in occupations. ABSTRACT [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]