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Aim: Approximately 15 years ago, four youth access clinics (YACs) were established in the Gippsland region to improve mental and general healthcare for young people living in the region. The aim of the study was to examine the barriers and enablers for young people accessing the YACs in Gippsland. Methods: Using qualitative methodology, nine female YAC staff members and seven youth YAC consumers were interviewed. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify important and consistent themes in the data derived through the consultation process. Results: Barriers under four themes were identified: environmental (eg, limited transport); service (ie, limited opening hours); client (eg, parent permission) and staff (ie, retention of staff). Enablers were identified as environmental (ie, high social proximity), service (eg, funding), client (ie, awareness of service) and staff (eg, champion staff). Conclusion: The success of new rural service models will likely depend on learning from what has already worked in some of the many small communities in this region. Beyond learning, further success and uptake of new service offerings will be enhanced through understanding community needs, obtaining community support and enhancing high social proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Aims: Alcohol consumption has become a global health threat and there is need for an evidence‐based global alcohol policy. This study aimed to describe alcohol consumption in parallel with alcohol policy in 2000–2017 in Estonia in the context of Baltic and Nordic countries. Design and Methods: A review of routine statistics concerning alcohol consumption and the pertinent legislation in Estonia was performed. The measures used to assess the effects of alcohol policy were adult (15 and older) pure alcohol per capita consumption (APC) in litres, alcohol outlet densities and opening hours, taxes and the price of alcoholic beverages. Results: Adult domestic APC in Estonia increased from 9.3 to 14.8 in 2000–2007 and thereafter decreased to 10.2 in 2016 (10.3 in 2017). Adult APC in Estonia was lower than that in Latvia and Lithuania but higher than that in Nordic countries. Since 2010, beer has been the most prevalent alcoholic beverage in Estonia. The density and opening hours of alcohol retail shops were much higher in Estonia and other Baltic countries than in Nordic countries. The alcohol retail price increased twice from 2006 to 2017 in Estonia, resulting in a double price difference with Latvia. Discussion and Conclusions: Evidence‐based comprehensive alcohol policy should continue in Estonia. Based on the example of Nordic countries, more attention should be paid to the physical availability of alcohol in Estonia. In terms of economic availability, it is important to focus on the cross‐border alcohol trade to achieve improvements in public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have experimentally studied supercontinuum generation in an undoped LiSAF crystal using ultraviolet, visible and near infrared pump pulses provided by fundamental and second harmonics of amplified femtosecond Ti:sapphire and Yb:KGW lasers. We have found that the optical degradation of the crystal, manifested by gradual narrowing of the supercontinuum spectrum, starts much faster using infrared pump pulses. This is attributed to the role of impact ionization, which increases with increasing the pump wavelength. The most reliable operation is achieved with the shortest pump wavelength of 400 nm (the second harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser), where LiSAF produces a stable, almost 1.3 octave-spanning supercontinuum spectrum with a short-wavelength cut-off at 252 nm and shows no apparent optical degradation for one hour of continuous operation at 500 Hz repetition rate without crystal translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ralph Hanna is Professor of Palaeography (emeritus) and Emeritus Fellow of Keble College, Oxford. Information THE BIBLIGRAPHICAL SOCIETY LIBRARY AND ARCHIVE The Bibliographical Society Library, for many years housed at Stationers' Hall in the City of London, moved in January 2007 to Senate House of the University of London. Joe Cain is Professor of History and Philosophy of Biology at University College London. [Extracted from the article]

In China, the planting area of peanut is 5 million hm² and the yield is 17 million kg. Seed shelling is an important part of peanut seed preparation before sowing, the quality of peanut seed after shelling affects the emergence, growth and yield of peanut. At present, peanut seed shelling is mainly based on the shape characteristics of peanut pods, mechanical actions such as kneading, extrusion and impact are used to crack and break the peanut pods to complete the shelling. However, the existing peanut shellers have some problems, such as low rate of shell removal, high rate of seed damage and poor adaptability to peanut varieties. In order to solve the above problems, a cone disc shelling mechanism for peanut seeds was designed. Taking Huayu 23 peanut as the experimental object, the EDEM software was used to simulate the shelling process of peanut pods, and the optimal structure parameters of the cone type shelling mechanism were obtained by simulation analysis and prototype testing. The best structural parameters of the shelling mechanism were obtained through simulation analysis and prototype test, that is, the inclination angle of the lower cone was 25°, and the inclination angle of the upper cone was 30°. In order to further reduce the damage rate of peanut seeds, the rubber spines were pasted on the shell surface of the upper and lower cones of the machine. The rotation speed of lower cone, the minimum shelling clearance and number of rubber bumps were taken as experimental factors, threshing rate and damage rate of peanut were taken as response values, single-factor test and Box-Behnken test were conducted. ANOVA was performed on the test results by Design-Expert 8.0.6 software, and the regression models of the threshing rate and the damage rate between the rotation speed of lower cone, the minimum shelling clearance, the number of rubber bumps were established. The optimal combination of the three factors were obtained by the dual objective optimization method, that was the rotation speed of lower cone 270 r/min, the number of rubber bumps within one squire meter 5 500 and the minimum shelling clearance was 11 mm，respectively, at this time, the highest predicted value of the threshing rate was 97.95%, and the lowest predicted value of the damage rate was 3.19%. The comparative experiment results showed that compared with the drum type sheller for peanut seeds, the threshing rate of the cone disc sheller without rubber spines was slightly higher and the damage rate was slightly lower. The threshing rate of the cone disc sheller with rubber spines was increased by 2.03 percentage points, and the damage rate was reduced by 0.67 percentage points..According to the fatigue damage analysis of rubber spines, after 90 hours of shelling operation, the rubber skin was seriously worn and the shelling quality was reduced, it should be replaced in time. The research results can provide reference for the development and improvement of peanut seeds sheller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circadian typology is a behavioral dimension associated with preferences of daily habits. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of sleep and excessive sleepiness of undergraduates in psychology. Fifty-five students aged between 17 and 34 years participated in this quasi-experimental study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, and the Brief Social Rhythm Scale were used as instruments. After assessing the PSQI, all participants answered the instruments for a period of 14 consecutive days. MANOVA showed significant difference for daily sleepiness during the working days [λλ=.81; F(4.47)=451.53; p<.05], specifically for business hours of 21h [F(2;5)=3.03; p<.05]. It is concluded that students have poor sleep quality and generally try to compensate for the lack of nights of sleep during the week on weekends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2015, the drive-through pharmacy was first introduced in Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH), Malaysia as one of the pharmacy value-added services. Therefore, it is imperative to review the service for further amelioration to fulfil patients' needs and expectations. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the drive-through pharmacy service in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July to December 2018. The questionnaire was developed and underwent thorough validation process which yielded a Cronbach's alpha reliability score of 0.9130. Satisfaction was calculated by mean percentage score (0% (dissatisfied) to 100% (satisfied). All data were analysed descriptively and thematic analysis was used in analysing open-ended question. Results: Compliance in obtaining medication was at 96.3% with a given two-week grace collection period. Insufficient quantity of medications (33.3%) was the highest near-missed medication errors occurred at the drive-through pharmacy. The mean satisfaction percentage score for all patients were 76.6% ± 8.1. A total of 69.2% (n = 83) were "very satisfied" while 30.8% (n = 37) were "satisfied" with the service. Among the reasons for satisfaction are convenience in getting medication refills (n = 74, 62%), short waiting time (n = 75, 63%) and knowledgeable dispensers (n = 87, 73%). A handful of patients were "dissatisfied" with the opening hours (n = 14, 11.7%) and the location of the drive-through pharmacy service (n = 19, 15.8%). Conclusion: Compliance in medication collection is acceptable within stipulated grace period. Despite low occurrence, identification of near-missed medication errors provides useful insights for future improvement of the service. Generally, our patients are satisfied with the service. However, we need to re-evaluate on the opening hours and location of the service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Connect for Health is a social referral program based at Hasbro Children's Hospital and the Center for Primary Care in Providence, RI, that aims to address basic needs in order to improve the health and well-being of patients. Methods: A qualitative program evaluation was conducted by interviewing providers and patients, assessing perceptions of effectiveness and barriers to success. Results: Providers felt their workload was alleviated and believed the program was addressing the social determinants of health. Patients similarly felt that their needs were met but acknowledged some barriers to accessing resources such as transportation, business hours, and language barriers. Ultimately, patients and providers viewed the program as effective but both groups perceived structural barriers such as housing and limited resources. Discussion: A structured program of referral for social services and benefits can alleviate some patient needs and provider workloads, but fundamental socio-economic disparities and inadequate resources limit effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing earth-abundant highly efficient catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is indispensable for the widespread implementation of electrochemical water splitting to store renewable energy. Herein, amorphous bimetallic selenide (Ni–Fe–Se) hollow nanospheres electrodeposited on nickel foam (Ni–Fe–Se/NF) are developed as a bifunctional catalyst for the HER and OER. The HER and OER bifunctional activity of Ni–Fe–Se/NF outperforms those of monometallic Ni–Se/NF and Fe–Se/NF owing to the synergy of Ni and Fe in Ni–Fe–Se/NF. Moreover, the amorphous hollow spherical morphology of Ni–Fe–Se/NF increases the active site density and facilitates the mass transfer of electrolytes and H2/O2 products. Ni–Fe–Se/NF drives a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with an overpotential of ∼85 mV for the HER and 100 mA cm−2 with an overpotential of ∼222 mV for the OER. As the HER and OER bifunctional catalyst, Ni–Fe–Se/NF can split alkaline water with total voltages of ∼1.52 V and ∼1.66 V at 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, and remain stable over 50 hours of operation in 1 M KOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic thermoelectric air-conditioning system (PT A/C) system could be a greater option compared to conventional A/C system as it is Freon-free and absence of moving parts. This study investigated the cooling and dehumidification performance of a PT A/C that is solely powered by solar energy under tropical climate conditions. The system is built with 9 pieces of thermoelectric to provide cooling for a test chamber of 3.6 m3 volume. The effect of input current on the system's cooling and moisture removal rate were investigated and results showed that 5 A is the optimum current level, providing an average of 181 W cooling capacity and 0.14 ltr/hour of moisture removal rate at the given ambient conditions. During the operation, indoor temperature of the test chamber was 4 °C lower than the unconditioned chamber and 7.7 °C compared to the ambient temperature. Whereas the indoor relative humidity varies between 58~83 %. Furthermore, for a 12 hours operation, the system consumes 1.45 kWh of energy, and delivered temperature between 23.8 to 27.8 ºC at 5 A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allocating the right job to the right person is very essential to run a huge system. In the Indian Railways there are several drivers assigned to drive a train route each day for a fixed number of hours. This task can be allocated using the Hungarian method, but the proposed method can handle the load of an additional train route being added or even the shortage of a driver and assign the duty for the same number of drivers. The workload is distributed equally among all the drivers on different days. This new method can also be used to solve any assignment problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed: Supporting centre-based childcare services to create physical activity (PA) environments is a recommended strategy to improve child PA. This study aimed to describe the implementation of PA policies and practices by these services, and to examine the associations with service characteristics.Methods: Nominated supervisors of childcare services (n = 309) in the Hunter New England region, New South Wales, Australia, completed a telephone interview. Using previously validated measures, the interview assessed the implementation of evidence-based practices shown to be associated with child PA. This includes: (a) provision of active play opportunities, (b) portable play equipment availability, (c) delivery of daily fundamental movement skills, (d) having at least 50% of staff trained in promoting child PA the past 5 years and (e) having written PA and small screen recreation policies.Results: Although 98% (95% CI 96, 99) of childcare services provided active play opportunities for at least 25% of their daily opening hours, only 8% (95% CI 5, 11) of services fully implemented all policies and practices; with no service characteristic associated with full implementation. Long day care service had twice the odds of having a written PA policy (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.7, 5.8), compared to preschools (adjusted for service size, socio-economic disadvantage and geographical location).Conclusions: Improvements could be made to childcare services' operations to support the promotion of child PA. SO WHAT?: To ensure the benefits to child health, childcare services require support to implement a number of PA promoting policies and practices that are known to improve child PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to describe and analyze the work experiences of clothes merchants, that work informally in Fortaleza, Brazil, street market. It is a qualitative research that uses direct observation and interviews as data, and content analysis as a technique for interpretation. In total, 17 street merchants operating directly in the marketing of products without a formal working contract were interviewed. The results showed labour trajectories marked by informality and precariousness. Work experiences of the informal merchants have positive features, as the income obtained, feelings of freedom and flexibility of time, and negative, as the discomfort related to the market operation hours and tiredness. Friendship, trust and reciprocal aid compose merchant's daily life, as well as competition. It is evidenced that the experiences reported are permeated by an ambivalence which, however, are not sufficient to lead to the desire to change occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporal nature of humans interaction with Points of Interest (POIs) in cities can differ depending on place type and regional location. Times when many people are likely to visit restaurants (place type) in Italy, may differ from times when many people are likely to visit restaurants in Lebanon (i.e. regional differences). Geosocial data are a powerful resource to model these temporal differences in cities, as traditional methods used to study cross-cultural differences do not scale to a global level. As cities continue to grow in population and economic development, research identifying the social and geophysical (e.g., climate) factors that influence city function remains important and incomplete. In this work, we take a quantitative approach, applying dynamic time warping and hierarchical clustering on temporal signatures to model geosocial temporal patterns for Retail and Restaurant Facebook POIs hours of operation for more than 100 cities in 90 countries around the world. Results show cities' temporal patterns cluster to reflect the cultural region they represent. Furthermore, temporal patterns are influenced by a mix of social and geophysical factors. Trends in the data suggest social factors influence unique drops in temporal signatures, and geophysical factors influence when daily temporal patterns start and finish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the dimensions of multidimensional poverty as well as quality of life is access to healthcare services. Lower income households are often associated with poorer health conditions, making accessibility to healthcare even more important. Nonetheless, in accessing healthcare services, this group of households often faces more significant personal, financial and structural barriers compared to families from higher income groups. This study focuses on structural barrier from socio-demographic factors that affects access to public clinics among the urban poor. The respondents of this study were residents of Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) in Kuala Lumpur. Questionnaires were distributed to 585 respondents selected systematically from 30 PPRs. The results from the regression estimates that urban poor who are married, divorced, the spouse has passed away with monthly income less than RM 1000 are facing higher structural barrier in accessing the public clinics. Government is suggested to increase the operation hour of the public clinics as well as making effort to set up mobile kiosk clinic for urban poor live far and cannot reach the public clinics in their areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A retrospective study was undertaken to determine a potential relationship, based on the time delay, between a positive lower gastrointestinal bleed demonstrated on computed tomography (CT) and a positive digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) study and the impact on technical success. Methods: This study investigated the correlation of time delays between imaging modalities and technical success with endovascular embolisation procedures over a 10‐year period. Results: A total of 110 patient events were analysed, and it was observed that the greater the time delay between modalities (up to 7 h), the weaker the correlation between a bleed observed on CT and DSA. This was also reflected by the technical success of the embolisation treatment. Patients experienced shorter delays when the event occurred out of normal business hours, however with decreased rates of technical success. Conclusions: There is a suggestion patients should be escalated to the angiography suite for DSA imaging as soon as possible to maximise the ability to angiographically observe acute bleeding and treat appropriately with interventional embolisation. More research in this area is required to statistically confirm this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Risk for improper sorting of waste is highest at 73 Recycling Centers (RCs). • Risk for improper sorting is affected by management-form of RCs. • RCs having pre-visit sorting information are situated significantly far from DPAs. • Risk for improper sorting is highest for "paper" and "metal" packaging. This study has demonstrated the use of weighted-linear-combination approach in connection with fuzzy set functions of Total Population, Total Distance, Annual income per person and Total number of opening hours of Recycling Centers (RCs), in ArcGIS environment, to generate risk maps and characterize RCs based on risk for improper sorting of waste. Analysis of data shows that there are 73 RCs, at which, risk for improper sorting of waste is highest. On average, there is one RC for every 19,402 individuals in Sweden and a single round trip made by Swedes to nearest RC, results in emission of 1340 ktons of CO2. Furthermore, it is found that strategies needed (e.g. installation of new RCs or shifting of RCs closer to densely populated areas (DPAs) or increase in number of opening hours or availability of pre-visit sorting information etc.), to reduce risk for improper sorting of waste, are different for RCs that are operated under different management forms. Variations in tariffs, limited number of waste fractions to be collected per RC, confusing terminologies, design parameters of RCs and non-implementation of EU Directive 2018/851 with respect to packaging waste, are other factors that are affecting quality of waste sorting at RCs, and are discussed in the article. Results from this research can be utilized to identify site specific needs for improving sorting of waste and to identify priority areas for installation of new RCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hospitals and other health care providers frequently experience difficulties contacting patients and their carers who live remotely from the town where the health service is located. In 2016 Nurse Navigator positions were introduced into the health services by Queensland Health, to support and navigate the care of people with chronic and complex conditions. One hospital in Far North Queensland initiated an additional free telephone service to provide another means of communication for patients and carers with the NNs and for off-campus health professionals to obtain details about a patient utilising the service. Calls made between 7am and 10pm, seven days per week are answered by a nurse navigator. Aim: To report utilisation of the service by navigated clients and remotely located clinicians compared to use of navigators' individual work numbers and direct health service numbers. We report the reason for calls to the free number and examine features of these calls. Methods: Statistical analysis examined the call reason, duration of calls, setting from where calls originated and stream of calls. Interactions between the reasons for calls and the features of calls, such as contact method, were examined. Results: The major reason for calls was clinical issues and the source of calls was primarily patients and carers. Clinical calls were longer in duration. Shorter calls were mainly non-clinical, made by a health professional. Setting for calls was not related to the reason. The most frequent number used was the individual mobile number of the NN, followed by the hospital landline. Although the free number was utilised by patients and carers, it was not the preferred option. Conclusion: As patients and carers preferred to access their NN directly than via the 1800 number, further research should explore options best suited to this group of patients outside normal business hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time zone is a region of Earth globe that observes a uniform standard time which usually known as local time. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries of countries longitude and ASEAN countries use four time zones, which are GMT+6.5, GMT+7, GMT+8 and GMT+9. Each of the zones will enlighten different environments from the aspect of socio-ibadah, office operation hours and other times. Although there are lot of ideas in order to unity the ASEAN time zones for the sustainability of ideal economic activities, but a concrete research should be done so that it will harmonizes all parties. Thus, this article tends to enlighten the history of time zones in the world, especially for ASEAN countries. In addition, this article will analyses the changes of prayer time zones in ASEAN countries especially Malaysia if it is switched to GMT+7. This is a qualitative research which uses document analysis method through related texts and materials found. This article focuses on prayer time zones of the most east and most west state in Malaysia. The result shows that the switch of time zone in Malaysia to GMT+7 will leads to one hour late from the actual prayer times. This absalutely will changes the social activities and office operation hours of society in Malaysia. This article indirectly will shows the early picture regarding the effects of switching time zones to GMT+7 so that ASEAN countries especially Malaysia are well prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sale of perishable products is discontinuous in the actual operation of the retail terminal. However, the quantity loss and quality loss of products caused by the deterioration are continuous during the whole-salesday. In view of the above, amathematical model of asingle non-instantaneous deteriorating product with the time-varying freshness is established to research the joint decision problem of the inventory policy and the dynamic pricing for the retailer. Thesalesday is divided into the business hours and non-business hours, and consumers are assumed to be sensitive about the price and the freshness in different periods of time. The results of the numerical examples and sensitivity analysis show that the extending of the preservation period of perishable products and moderately expanding the size of the market contribute to the improvement of profit, which provides some managerial insights for the retailers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although thyroidectomy is one of the operations that are frequently performed with a low mortality rate today, it may cause severe morbidity, bleeding, recurrent damage of neuronal and parathyroid glands and problems such as laryngeal edema. Objectives: In this analytical and prospective study, it was aimed to examine the effect of cold vapor that was applied to thyroidectomy patients during early postoperative period. The sample of the study was composed of 60 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. Patients were classified into two groups including control group and cold vapor group. Cold vapor was applied to both groups vapor for 15 minutes per hour within the first eight hours following the operation. Then, for cold vapor group cold vapor application was continued to apply at two and three hour intervals during the first 24 hours. In both groups sore throat, cough, dysphagia and vocal status were evaluated in the first 24 hours after surgery. It was determined that sore throat was experienced significantly less in cold vapor group within the first 24 hours following operation and it was increasingly cooling down. It was also found that cough was experienced significantly less in cold vapor group, and this problem disappeared completely at 8 hours after the operation. Cold vapor applied during the first 24 hours following thyroidectomy was found to have had a significant effect on decreasing swallowing impairment and eliminating hoarseness. Cold vapor application during the first 24 hours following operation was found to have an effect on alleviating sore throat, cough and swallowing impairment and eliminating hoarseness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relationship between serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1(s TREM-1), pulmonary function index and pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer after operation and their predictive value.Methods: Clinical dataes of 115 patients with lung cancer treated surgically in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into infection group(n=28) and non-infection group(n=87) according to whether pulmonary infection occurred 72 hours after operation. The clinical data, serum levels of s TREM-1, procalcitonin(PCT), preoperative lung function index [forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1), peak expiratory flow(PEF)] at 6 hours after operation were compared between the two groups. Logistic analysis of risk factors of infection in patients with lung cancer after operation was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of s TREM-1, FEV1 and PEF in patients with lung cancer after operation. Results: The proportion of ICU admission in the infected group was higher than that in the non-infection group,and the proportion of TNM stage IV in the infected group was higher than that in the non-infection group(P<0.05). Serum levels of s TREM-1 and PCT were higher in the infection group than those in the non-infection group at 6 hours after operation, and the levels of preoperative FEV1 and PEF were lower than those in the non-infection group(P<0.05). The results of sputum culture in infection group showed that 17 cases were G-bacteria, accounting for 60.71%; 10 cases were G+bacteria, accounting for 35.71%; and 1 case was fungi,accounting for 3.57%. Bivariate multivariate logistic analysis showed that the increase of serum s TREM-1 level at 6 hours after operation, the decrease of preoperative FEV1 and PEF, and the admission to ICU after operation were independent influencing factors of infection in patients with lung cancer. The area under the combined prediction curve was 0.850(95% CI: 1.350-1.745, P=0.000), and the sensitivity and specificity were 91.3% and 80.6% respectively, which were better than the single prediction efficiency of s TREM-1, FEV1 and PEF. Conclusion: The increase of s TREM-1 level and the decrease of preoperative FEV1 and PEF levels are closely related to pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer after operation. The combined analysis of s TREM-1, FEV1 and PEF has a high predictive value in predicting the occurrence of pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer after operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many metropolitan conceptualizations apply 'territorial grammar' when articulating the region. This paper approaches the metropolitan region as an entity whose extent and internal structure are negotiated in both space and time. We argue that the 'planning imagination', which is predominantly spatial in nature, must be temporalized by considering 'temporal grammar'. The main objective of this study is to explore how a temporal dimension can be integrated more effectively into how the metropolitan region is imagined and conceptualized. Therefore, we employ the dialogical concept of heteroglossia to present the metropolitan region as a continuous dialogue between municipalities of different power, as an open, ongoing and negotiated spatiotemporal unit. Our secondary aim is to employ this conceptualization in an empirical description of the spatiotemporal arrangement of a particular region (Brno, Czech Republic, summer 2015). For this purpose, we use data related to the opening hours of shops selling fast-moving consumer goods. Analysis revealed four specific voices present in the complex heteroglossia of the region: the voice of the core, the city of Brno; the voice of secondary urban centres; the voice of municipalities located in the hinterlands of secondary urban centres; and the voice of traditional agricultural municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the relationship of two homeless youth—one queer and one trans—as they move together through and pass time in public space between the opening hours of their shelters and groups homes. Pulling from a critical ethnography of the experiences of trans and queer youth in New York City, this essay examines how these two youth come to know how to navigate and be in relation with the affects, structures, bodies, and discourses that comprise the city. The essay centers their relationship as an act of resistance, or queerruption as per this symposium, against normative assumptions about race, gender, and sexuality that dictate how the city is "supposed" to be used. The essay is written in a narrative form that asks readers to consider how they are coming to know these two youth through the ways they are animated in the text, with the purpose being to unpack the assumptions of presupposing who, what, and where trans and queer youth are thought to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A continuous‐flow reaction system was developed, allowing flow conditions of the entire system to be maintained at a predetermined constant level, which is one of the most significant factors for successful industrial application. Controlled/living anionic polymerization was selected as a model reaction since the characteristics of its polymer products, molecular weights, and molecular weight distributions are highly susceptible to changes in the relative flow rates of a monomer and initiator solutions. In flow microreactors, controlled/living anionic polymerization of styrene in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/hexane initiated by THF‐diluted n‐butyllithium (n‐BuLi) was examined. Poly(styrenes) of larger molecule sizes such as Mn > 15 000 were successfully synthesized. After continuous operation for four hours, ca. 0.5 kg of the polymer was readily produced with narrow molecular weight distribution, demonstrating the applicability of this continuous‐flow system for controlled/living anionic polymerization on considerably large scale with a view to its industrial usage in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tri-metal material system of FeCoNi-based nitro-sulfide (FeCoNi-NS) hierarchical structure has been successfully synthesized via a deep eutectic solvent annealing process. The as-prepared FeCoNi-NS possesses interesting N,S-binary heteroatoms evenly doped with Fe, Co, and Ni. By taking advantage of the unique structure including multi-metal sites, high BET area and porous structures, the as-prepared FeCoNi-NS exhibited excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 251 mV and a low Tafel slope of 58 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH. Furthermore, FeCoNi-NS also demonstrated highly efficient mass/charge transportation, long-term stability with 2% deactivation after ten hours continuous operation and high faradaic efficiency of 98%. Such a facile synthetic strategy is applicable to the fabrication of more mutil-metal hierarchical structures for energy conversion and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major guidelines for HIV recommend that testing should be provided in a way that is adapted to the lifeworld of groups at risk. However, precise definitions as to what adaption to the lifeworld means are missing. Therefore, this research project evaluated how the lifeworld approach can be operationalized in regard to HIV testing and how voluntary counseling and testing services can use this approach to improve efficacy. A survey for VCT providers in Germany showed a limited number of factors influencing the adaption to the lifeworld of groups at risk. The opening hours, the number of languages used in public relations, and the comfort of the waiting zone are important for all clients. For men who have sex with men, information material for use in social networks and peer volunteers are relevant. Intravenous drug users are concerned with participation, (low) costs, and counseling. For migrants, continuing staff training and anonymity are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The telemedicine program in Albania includes a specialized teleneurotrauma program. There is only 1 national trauma center with neurosurgery capability in the capital city of Tirana. Patients with isolated head or spine injury who require consultation with neurosurgeons located at the National Trauma Center receive telemedicine consultation. The aim of this follow-up study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nationwide teleneurotrauma network in preventing unnecessary transfers for neurotrauma. Retrospective analysis was performed of prospectively collected data on all telemedicine consultations for isolated neurotrauma from March 2014 to February 2018. All teleconsultations were coded using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision coding system (codes S00, S01–S010). Of 590 teleconsultations for neurotrauma, most patients (76%) were male (median age 46.5 years; range, 1–93 years); 403 (68.31%; mean age 45.12 years) did not require a transfer to the tertiary center, and 187 (mean age 42.47 years) were transferred. An average 12.5 (monthly average range, 8.5–16) patients were seen monthly with a steady increase to a mature telemedicine program at the present time. Most teleconsultations (70.67%) occurred during business hours (8:00 am –4:30 pm); 173 (29.32%) occurred at night and on weekends. Analysis by diagnosis indicated that most cases of low severity were not transferred, whereas higher severity cases were twice as likely to be transferred (P < 0.05). Structured and coordinated telemedicine for neurotrauma increases access to care for neurosurgery patients in countries that do not have widespread neurosurgery services. Nearly 70% of patients may be treated locally by nonneurosurgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Isolated acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) in pediatric patients is rare, but it has a major impact on outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine incidence, seizure risk factors, and the outcome of pediatric patients with aSDH. Methods Within a 10-year period (2007–2016), 10 children with aSDH were identified. Baseline characteristics and these parameters were analyzed: pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (pGCS) score at admission and 24 hours after the operation, hematoma volume/side, and midline shift. Functional outcome was assessed at 3-month follow-up using the King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury score. Results Three subgroups were identified depending on age and etiology: birth-associated, nontraumatic, and traumatic aSDH. The overall incidence of seizures was 60%, and an even higher rate (75%) was observed in children < 1 month of age. Of those patients, two (67%) developed late seizures. Significant predictors for seizures were low pGCS score at admission (p = 0.03) and 24 hours after surgery (p = 0.03) as well as increased midline shift (p = 0.02). Patients with seizures tended to have an unfavorable outcome. Conclusion Pediatric patients with aSDH are at high risk for seizures, particularly if the pGCS score is low at admission/24 hours after the operation and midline shows a shift. Determining seizure-prone pediatric patients may facilitate early antiepileptic treatment and promote better clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation services (transit, bus, shuttles) in rural areas are critical for connecting to larger urban centers where social and health services are predominantly located. The province of Saskatchewan, Canada, is largely rural, and residents cite a lack of knowledge of what transportation services are currently available. Through conducting an environmental scan, we collected information on types of transport (public and private), modes of transportation, hours of operation, cost, booking, route information, geographic boundary, passenger capacity. This study used GIS to illustrate the transportation connectivity in Saskatchewan, including connectivity between all cities. The results showed that there are significant challenges in connecting rural areas with medium and large urban centers. Many communities do not have any transportation options, and those that do, are costly and restrictive in terms of routes and schedules. The geographical maps show the gaps in transportation connectivity. This information is important for policymakers and industry to show where connectivity can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effects of propofol versus sevoflurane on the outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: A total of 110 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB in our hospital from January 2015 to June 2017 were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=55): Group A, in which anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane, and Group B, in which anesthesia was maintained with propofol. The MMSE score before and after operation, perioperative laboratory index, incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and incidence of adverse events between the two groups were compared. Results: The MMSE score was significantly higher in Group B than in Group A after anesthesia (p<0.05). Serum levels of the brain injury markers neuron-specific enolase, S100β and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were significantly lower in Group B than in Group A (p<0.05). POCD incidence at 12 hour and 24 hour after operation was significantly lower in Group B than in Group A (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of low cardiac output and thoracotomy bleeding between two groups. Conclusion: Compared with sevoflurane, the use of propofol during cardiac surgery with CPB can efficiently improve postoperative cognitive function without increasing the risk of adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the Sunday opening hours of the reading room of the Deutsches Buch- und Schriftmuseum museum in Leipzig, Germany, the publication of the ISO 21248: 2019 Information and documentation – Quality assessment for national libraries standard, and the awarding of honorary membership status in the Verein Deutscher Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare librarians' society to the former director of the ZB MED – Informationszentrum Lebenswis-\senschaften um das Bibliothekswesen library Dietrich Nelle.

This study reports the first radon concentration measurements within three frequently visited caves in Florida: one touristic (Florida Caverns), one private (Ocala Caverns), and one private, but publicly accessible (Jennings Cave). To measure the radon concentration, 18 CR-39 solid-state alpha track detectors were placed along the main passages of these caves for a period of 2 months (between December 2016 and February 2017). The results show that the radon concentration throughout all caves greatly exceeds the recommended safety action level. The highest concentrations of 2737 and 2958 Bq m−3 were recorded in Ocala and Jennings caves, respectively; whereas in Florida Caverns, the concentration reached a value as high as 1050 Bq m−3. To aid in ventilation, allowing the built-up gas to disperse, it is suggested that at Florida Caverns, the entry doors to be periodically opened for several hours. In locations with high concentrations where additional ventilation is not possible, such as Ocala and Jennings, it is recommended that the exposure time to be limited. Although radon values measured in the surveyed caves are high, the occasional cave visits are generally safe as the overall exposure time is minimal. However, cave guides and workers may have an increased risk as they spend many hours a day during which they are exposed to these high radon concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐noble metal‐based metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived electrocatalysts have recently attracted great interest in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here we report a facile synthesis of nickel‐based bimetallic electrocatalysts derived from 2D nanosheet‐assembled nanoflower‐like MOFs. The optimized morphologies and large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area endow FeNi@CNF with efficient OER performance, where the aligned nanosheets can expose abundant active sites and benefit electron transfer. The complex nanoflower morphologies together with the synergistic effects between two metals attributed to the OER activity of the Ni‐based bimetallic catalysts. The optimized FeNi@CNF afforded an overpotential of 356 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 62.6 mV dec−1, and also exhibited superior durability with only slightly degradation after 24 hours of continuous operation. The results may inspire the use of complex nanosheet‐assembled nanostructures to explore highly active catalysts for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Objectives: To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of changing opening times, introducing a donor health report and reducing the minimum inter‐donation interval for donors attending static centres. Background: Evidence is required about the effect of changes to the blood collection service on costs and the frequency of donation. Methods/Materials: This study estimated the effect of changes to the blood collection service in England on the annual number of whole‐blood donations by current donors. We used donors' responses to a stated preference survey, donor registry data on donation frequency and deferral rates from the INTERVAL trial. Costs measured were those anticipated to differ between strategies. We reported the cost per additional unit of blood collected for each strategy versus current practice. Strategies with a cost per additional unit of whole blood less than £30 (an estimate of the current cost of collection) were judged likely to be cost‐effective. Results: In static donor centres, extending opening times to evenings and weekends provided an additional unit of whole blood at a cost of £23 and £29, respectively. Introducing a health report cost £130 per additional unit of blood collected. Although the strategy of reducing the minimum inter‐donation interval had the lowest cost per additional unit of blood collected (£10), this increased the rate of deferrals due to low haemoglobin (Hb). Conclusion: The introduction of a donor health report is unlikely to provide a sufficient increase in donation frequency to justify the additional costs. A more cost‐effective change is to extend opening hours for blood collection at static centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to investigate the effects of intra-abdominal pressure and steep Trendelenburg position on the intrarenal vascular parameters and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the first 24 hours of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) surgery.Methods: We prospectively studied 31 men who underwent RARP for prostate cancer in our clinic between September and December 2017. Preoperative color Doppler ultrasonographic (CDUS) measurements of renal intravascular parameters were obtained 24 hours before the operation. Similarly, postoperative CDUS measurements were performed 24 hours after RARP. Preoperative serum creatinine (Cr) level and eGFR were noted. On the postoperative first day, serum Cr levels were checked and eGFR was calculated.Results: The mean age of men was 61.9 years, and the mean operation time was 268.5 minutes. No significant differences between preoperative and postoperative intrarenal vascular parameters were observed (P > .05). Serum creatinine was significantly increased (P = .019), but eGFR did not change statistically significant after RARP (P = .144). While the change in the mean resistive index (ΔRI) was affected by intravenous (i.v.) infused fluid volume and renal width; the change in the mean pulsatility index (ΔPI) was only affected by renal width. Also, the change in the mean peak systolic velocity (ΔPSV) was related to age, i.v. infused fluid volume, and renal parenchymal thickness. Finally, the change in the mean end-diastolic velocity (ΔEDV) was related to age and renal width.Conclusion: Renal functions and intrarenal vascular parameters return to baseline levels 24 hours after RARP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we expose how we boosted the performance of a commercial condensation particle counter (CPC) model TSI 3010 to detect particles as small as 1.5 nm while preserving the robustness and reliability of the original instrument. The TSI 3010 was selected because of our deep knowledge of its internal workings and its large incorporated butanol reservoir that allows continuous operation for several hours without refill, which is well suited to airborne operation. Aside from this, it is still pretty easy to buy instruments from the TSI 3010 family from companies that specialize in used scientific instrument retail. The CPC described in this study is called B3010 hereafter, where the "B" stands for boosted. We provide an evaluation of its performances down to 1 nm using standard calibration methods and comparisons with ultrafine CPCs (TSI 3025 and TSI 3776), as well as with its original version. One important application of the B3010 is for high-altitude measurement stations and airborne studies, the instrument's detection efficiency was quantified for various inlet flow rates and pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past 15 years public libraries have undergone a transformation from being places where people lend books and other media to becoming a new type of low-threshold cultural institution in the sense of „third spaces". Today they are places for learning, lending and intercultural as well as intergenerational encounters with their respective functions. As public institutions, modern libraries are in the same rank with museums, scientific libraries, theatres and cinemas. However, in contrast to these institutions, libraries are not allowed to open on Sundays. It is time for a change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In consistent with the growing research activities regarding the Farm 4.0 concept, it is valuable to consider each possible chance of enhancement which is expected to contribute positively to the productivity and the safety of planned operations. Human centred design concept is becoming essential for the multitasking vehicles market, which promotes the research experiments aiming to understand the human behaviour inside the vehicle cabins to proceed with upgrading the design, planning and production procedures based on validated inputs leading to introducing reliable solutions for more productive and safety conduct of operations. The accurate and deep analysis of the operator behaviour inside the cabin will lead to a better understanding for the problems and issues need to be resolved in new designs in addition to providing the production planning (i.e. manpower planning and working shift period) with the necessary data to ensure achieving the maximum efficiency and effectiveness. In this research, the operator's glance behaviour inside the tractor cabin is studied during the harvesting operation to develop a model for the change of operator's focusing scheme along working hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsurgery is technically demanding, treacherous, venturesome, and precarious. For the best outcomes, the surgeon's confidence, prudence, comfort, and relaxed body posture are crucial for controlling operator fatigue and preventing exhaustion. Often, the most critical and demanding parts of an operation occur hours into the case when fatigue has worn away the surgeon's patience and self-control—qualities required to pursue calculated and deliberate microsurgical movements. The following paper describes philosophies and strategies to advance an operator's efficiency and minimize fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La cuarentena y el distanciamiento social ante la covid-19 ponen de manifesto la conveniencia del teletrabajo, que ha permitido a muchas empresas mantener sus operaciones. Pero, ¿qué puede hacer el resto de las organizaciones? ¿Es posible implementar un teletrabajo de emergencia? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]