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The intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL), an essential parameter for perioperative management, has been evaluated by manually weighing blood in gauze and suction bottles, a process both time-consuming and labor-intensive. As the novel EBL prediction platform, we developed an automated deep learning EBL prediction model, utilizing the patch-wise crumpled state (P-W CS) of gauze images with texture analysis. The proposed algorithm was developed using animal data obtained from a porcine experiment and validated on human intraoperative data prospectively collected from 102 laparoscopic gastric cancer surgeries. The EBL prediction model involves gauze area detection and subsequent EBL regression based on the detected areas, with each stage optimized through comparative model performance evaluations. The selected gauze detection model demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.5% and a specificity of 98.0%. Based on this detection model, the performance of EBL regression stage models was compared. Comparative evaluations revealed that our P-W CS-based model outperforms others, including one reliant on convolutional neural networks and another analyzing the gauze’s overall crumpled state. The P-W CS-based model achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.25 g and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7.26% in EBL regression. Additionally, per-patient assessment yielded an MAE of 0.58 g, indicating errors < 1 g/patient. In conclusion, our algorithm provides an objective standard and streamlined approach for EBL estimation during surgery without the need for perioperative approximation and additional tasks by humans. The robust performance of the model across varied surgical conditions emphasizes its clinical potential for real-world application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present two distinct solid-flame combustion synthesis (SF-CS) methods for the fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets of carbon and nanocrystals of molybdenum carbide (Mo2C). To synthesize 2D carbon nanosheets, poly-(vinyl chloride) polymer powder is combusted in conjunction with magnesium (Mg). In contrast, Mo2C is generated through the combustion–reduction of MoO3 using an excess of Mg. It is observed that the crystallization of Mo2C within liquid Mg yields well-defined nanocrystals with {101} facets. Combining these nanocrystals with 2D carbon nanosheets results in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts with a significantly improved performance. A comprehensive comprehension of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the heightened HER performance is elucidated, particularly with regard to the synergistic effects arising from the combination of Mo2C and graphene-like 2D carbon nanosheets. Furthermore, a density functional theory (DFT) analysis of Mo2C/interface energies indicates that the presence of a few layers of graphene on the Mo2C facet surface can enhance the catalytic properties. This is attributed to the fact that carbon layers do not form bonds with hydrogen atoms, which gradually reduces the adsorption energies of hydrogen and facilitates the formation of H2 molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hot corrosion behaviors of Inconel alloys with different Cr contents (Inconel 600, 601, and 690), which are used widely in nuclear plants, were investigated in molten LiCl–Li2O salts. The hot corrosion behaviors were studied by measuring the mass and attack depth changes, surface and cross-sectional morphologies and elemental distributions, and compositional changes at the subscale and substrate scale as well as the spalled oxide scale. At 288 h, the weight losses of Inconel 601 and Inconel 690 were approximately four and twelve times higher, respectively, than that of Inconel 600. The corrosion products of all tested alloys were Cr2O3, NiO, and FeCr2O4. Inconel 600, which exhibited a dense and continuous external corrosion layer and an internal corrosion layer with localized corrosion behavior, exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared with those of Inconel 601 and 690, which showed a spalled external corrosion layer and an internal corrosion layer with uniform corrosion behavior. Thus, the corrosion resistance of the Inconel alloys tested in the hot lithium molten salts in an oxidizing atmosphere is closely related to the contents of the primary alloying elements in the alloys. Of the various alloys analyzed in this study, Inconel 600 exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. Thus, a Cr content of 16.30 wt% or less, Ni content of at least 73.66 wt%, and Fe content considerably lower than 8.15 wt% can result in excellent corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]