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Objective: To determine the management of primary Pterygium with intralesional Bevacizumab (AVASTIN) Injection. Study Design: Quasi-Experimental Study Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Oct 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: Sixty patients of Primary Pterygium with Grades 1, 2, and 3 were included. Pre-Intralesional injection evaluation includes the Ocular surface disease Index (OSDI), grading of Pterygium and ophthalmic examination, refraction, slit lamp bimicroscopy, fundoscopy, tonometry, and corneal topography. After four weeks of intralesional injection, reassessment was done. Results: A total of 60 participants with the mean age of the participants was 44.06±14.83 years were included in the study. In 26(43.3%) patients, grittiness, epiphora, redness, and photophobia were reported, and 16(26.6%) patients reported blurring of vision that improved in 100% of patients after intralesional injections. There was statistical significance (p-value ≤0.05) in means of K1, Sim K astigmatism, Surface asymmetry index, Surface Regularity Index, Grade of Pterygium, and Ocular surface disease index before and after the intralesional injection of Bevacizumab. However, no significant difference was recorded in Uncorrected Visual Acuity, Best Corrected Visual Acuity, and K2 parameters in pre and post-injection states (p-value ≥0.05). Only 7(11.6%) patients reported subconjunctival haemorrhage after the procedure. Conclusions: Treatment of Primary Pterygium with intralesional Bevacizumab injection successfully improves symptoms, Ocular Surface Disease Index, and reduces corneal astigmatism with minimum complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common tear film disorder caused by decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation. The increased use of computers in the workplace has brought about the development of ocular health concerns, including dry eye disease. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of DED associated with computer work and recommend preventing or reducing its development. This study investigated the prevalence of DED among IT students in Dera Ghazi Khan., Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 327 undergraduate students of the IT department in the district of Dera Ghazi khan over 5 months from September 2021 to January 2022. DED was assessed subjectively with Ocular Surface Disease Index. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21. The quantitative analysis was presented as mean and standard deviation, and qualitative variables were introduced in frequency and percentages. The chi-square test (Fisher's exact test) was used to study the significance of associations between dependent and independent variables., Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.25 ± 1.305 years (range 17-25). The prevalence of DED among computer programmers was 47.7%. This study showed that gender (p = 0.31), contact lens usage (p = 0.64), and duration of time spent on computer display units (p = 0.47) were not significant determinants of DED among computer programmers., Conclusion: DED is prevalent among IT students, along with different symptoms. However, further studies are required to adequately measure the prevalence of DED during longer exposure time to computer screens and explore environmental risk factors., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Objectives: to compare the efficacy of warm compresses to add-on therapy with Loteprednol-Tobramycin in patients with posterior Blepharitis. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2020 to Jul 2021. Methodology: Pre-diagnosed posterior blepharitis patients using warm compresses (Group-A) and add-on antibiotic steroid therapy (Group-B) were included in the study. A detailed history and ophthalmic examination evaluated tear breakup time, tear film height, intra-ocular pressure measurement, meibomian gland function, structure, and meibum appearance. In addition, the patient's symptoms were noted through the ocular surface disease index questionnaire. Results: The study sample had seventy-one males (56%) and 55 females (43.6%) with mean age of 35.33±12.24 years. The clinical parameters in the two groups were almost alike at enrollment. There was a significant improvement in the clinical parameters in both groups. With slightly better improvement among Group-B (using Loteprednol-Tobramycin), Only two individuals did not report an increase in IOP at six weeks of treatment in Group-B. (p=0.53). Conclusion: Lid hygiene with warm compresses is an effective alternative with no side effects, provided if appropriately practised; however, add-on therapies may further improve MGD and Blepharitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]