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Disease development and severity of Scleroderris canker of Todo-fir in Hokkaido, Japan, vary according to forest type. The occurrence and severity of Todo-fir canker caused by Scleroderris lagerbergii, were compared in plantations with and without a deciduous canopy. Planted Todo-fir under cover remained mostly healthy, whereas in the open they were severely damaged. This suggests a protective effect by the upper deciduous species against the development of canker. The authors suggest that the cover of deciduous species affects such microclimatic conditions as minimum temperatures and snow deposit in early winter creating more favorable conditions for Todo-fir planted under cover than in the open.