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Background: In the normal life cycle of the parasite (Echinococcus multilocularis) that causes alveolar echinococcosis, domestic and wild carnivores act as definitive hosts, and rodents act as intermediate hosts. The presented study contributes to the research on the distribution and transmission pattern of E. multilocularis in China having identified sheep as an unusual intermediate host taking part in the domestic transmission of alveolar echinococcosis in Gansu Province, China. Methods: From 2020 to 2021, nine whitish different cyst-like were collected from the liver of sheep in Gansu Province for examination. A near complete mitochondrial (mt) genome and selected nuclear genes were amplified from the cyst-like lesion for identification. To confirm the status of the specimen, comparative analysis with reference sequences, phylogenetic analysis, and network analysis were performed. Results: The isolates displayed ≥ 98.87% similarity to E. multilocularis NADH dehydrogenase sub-unit 1 (nad1) (894 bp) reference sequences deposited in GenBank. Furthermore, amplification of the nad4 and nad2 genes also confirmed all nine samples as E. multilocularis with > 99.30% similarity. Additionally, three nuclear genes, pepck (1545 bp), elp-exons VII and VIII (566 bp), and elp-exon IX (256 bp), were successfully amplified and sequenced for one of the isolates with 98.42% similarity, confirming the isolates were correctly identified as E. multilocularis. Network analysis also correctly placed the isolates with other E. multilocularis. Conclusions: As a result of the discovery of E. multilocularis in an unusual intermediate host, which is considered to have the highest zoonotic potential, the result clearly demonstrated the necessity for expanded surveillance in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To find the optional cultivation measure for synergistic improvement of yield and potassium use efficiency, oil sunflower field experiments were carried out from 2015 to 2017 under 3 plastic mulching cultivation modes in semi - arid area in Gansu Province. Oil sunflower cultivar Longkuiza 3 was used. The 3 modes included open field ( Zl), full plastic - film double - furrow sowing (Z2), and full plastic - film double - furrow sowing with supplemental irrigation (Z3) 4 potassium rates were set as 0 (K0), 48 (K48), 84 (K84) and 120 kg/hm (K120). Results showed that plastic mulch cultivation and potassium rate had significant effects on yield, dry matter accumulation and potassium use efficiency. The interaction between modes and potassium rates was significant. The effects on grain yield, dry matter accumulation and potassium utilization efficiency were in the order of Z3 > Z2 > Z1 with significant differences. Compared to Z1 mode, Z3 modes increased yield and potassium utilization efficiency 170.1% and 103.9% respectively; and Z2 modes increased yield and potassium utilization efficiency 184.3% and 143.7%. Yield and dry matter accumulation were both increased under potassium rates in the order of K120 > K84 > K48 > KO. Significant differences were found between the potassium rates except between K120 and K84. With the increase of potassium rates, potassium partial factor productivity was decreased, while potassium agronomic efficiency and utilization efficiency were improved. The latter two traits reached the peaks under 84 kg/hm. It indicated that synergistic improvement could be achieved on oil sunflower yield and both potassium agronomic efficiency and utilization efficiency. In summary, in this experimental field condition, the Z3 mode (full plastic-film double -furrow sowing with supplemental irrigation) and 84kg/hm potassium rate were the optimal, and the effect of supplementary irrigation was obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guojiagou Pb–Zn deposit is located in Li County, Gansu Province, northwestern China. The ores consist of skarn and vein types, with the skarn type occurring at the contact zone between granodiorite and marble, and the vein type hosted in the extension faults within the Triassic Huashiguan Formation limestone. Granodiorite samples from the Weijiazhuang pluton show high ratios of Sr/Y (32.25–43.44) and (La/Yb) N (15.7–16.5), small Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.73–0.80), high concentrations of Mg# (57.6–64.2), Cr (100–110 ppm), and Ni (15.9–16.6 ppm), abundant mafic micro-granular enclaves, and have zircon εHf (t) values of −1.9 to −4.6 and T DM2 of 1149.6 to 1285 Ma. This suggests that the Weijiazhuang granodiorites were generated by the partial melting of the Meso-Proterozoic high-K basaltic lower crust with the addition of mantle-sourced melts. The ore-forming process can be subdivided into five stages: prograde skarn (stage I), retrograde skarn (stage II), quartz-sulfide (stage III), sphalerite-calcite (stage IV), and quartz-calcite (stage V). The δ13C values range from −5.1 to −1.3 ‰ and δ18O values range from −4 to 18.6 ‰ in calcites, suggesting a mixed source of magma, limestone, and pore or basinal water for CO 3 2−. The δ34S values (6–7.7 ‰) of sulfides indicate that sulfur mainly originated from magma, with a minor contribution from host limestone. The Pb isotopes of sulfides from stages III and IV (208Pb/204Pb = 38.176–39.218, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.889–15.678, and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.147–18.903) showed mixed sources of crust and mantle. The Weijiazhuang pluton and Guojiagou Pb–Zn deposit yield ages of 220 ± 1.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.35) and 213 ± 3.0 Ma (MSWD = 1.5), respectively, obtained by zircon and garnet LA–ICP–MS U–Pb analysis. These results indicate that the Guojiagou Pb–Zn deposit formed in a syn -collisional tectonic regime during the Late Triassic. Based on the data presented in this study and previous research on mineralization in the eastern West Qinling Orogen, we conclude that the Guojiagou Pb–Zn deposit is a typical skarn-type deposit and that Pb–Zn mineralization in the eastern West Qinling Orogen is closely related to Triassic magmatism, which provided not only thermal energy but also ore-forming materials and fluids. • The granodiorites were mainly generated by partial melting of Meso-Proterozoic high-K basaltic lower crust. • Ore-forming fluids and materials originated from magma and host limestone. • The Guojiagou Pb–Zn deposit yields U-Pb ages of 220 ± 1.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.35) for zircons and 213 ± 3.0 Ma (MSWD = 1.5) for garnets, respectively. • The Pb–Zn mineralization in the eastern QOB was closely related to Triassic magmatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yawan Sb deposit is a large deposit located in the Xihe County, Gansu, northwestern China. Ore bodies are hosted in the Triassic limestone and are controlled by the NE- trending faults, occurring as lamellar, lenticular, veined, and lentil. Based on the cutting relationship between veins and mineral assemblages, the ore-forming process can be divided into four stages: I) pyrite + stibnite + milky quartz stage, II) stibnite + pyrite + gray-black cryptocrystalline quartz stage, III) stibnite + calcite + fluorite stage, and IV) clear and colorless calcite stage. The δ34S values (−2.5 ‰ to 5.8 ‰) of sulfides from stage II are similar to those associated with magmatic systems, but significantly different from the values (δ34S = −12.8 ‰ to 18.8 ‰) of pyrites from strata, suggesting that magmatic sulfur was the source for S2− in stage II. The δ34S values (−9.5 ‰ to −7.5 ‰) of stibnites from stage III are depleted in 34S relative to those of stage II, probably due to the increasingly mixing of meteoric water and SO 4 2− from the strata. The Pb isotopes of sulfides from stage II and III (206Pb/204Pb = 17.745–19.176, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.478–15.711, 208Pb/204Pb = 37.7–38.742) show a mixed source of crust and mantle. The δ13C and δ18O values of calcites range from −0.84 ‰ to 3.94 ‰ and from 4.74 ‰ to 13.24 ‰, respectively, indicating that the ore-forming fluids originated from magmatic water, but influenced by water-rock interaction and meteoric water in the late stage. The Sm Nd isochron age of five calcite simples from stage III is 199.9 ± 1.7 Ma (MSWD = 1.6) with initial ε Nd values of −8.4, indicating that Yawan Sb deposit formed in the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. On the basis of the data obtained in this paper, we consider that the Yawan Sb deposit is a distal magmatic-hydrothermal deposit formed during the transitional tectonic regime from the syn -collision to post-collision. Combined with previous studies, future exploration should focus on the distal magmatic-hydrothermal Sb deposits controlled by faults around concealed granites, and skarn-type deposits also need attention in Yawan-Daqiao district. • The Yawan Sb deposit is a distal magmatic-hydrothermal deposit. • Ore-forming components originally derived from deep magmas. • The dating of calcite intergrown with stibnite indicates that the Yawan Sb deposit was formed at 199.9 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]