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An online petition, signed by more than six thousand Chinese tech workers in August 2021, is the latest example of an online labor movement in the authoritarian context of China. Combining interviews and publicly available information, this article provides a descriptive account of an activist movement, explains workers' demands, and discusses the characteristics of online labor activism. It explores how Chinese tech workers fight collectively against a gender‐discriminatory workplace culture as they strive to bring justice to a sexual crime victim without affiliating themselves with official political organizations. The research findings suggest that while rising feminist consciousness has the potential to motivate collective action by workers, such motivation is highly dependent upon individual experiences at work and tends to be event‐based and of limited continuity. It argues that rising awareness of women's rights provides a new kind of legitimacy to labor activism, and a new way to express labor concerns in a context of increased criminalization of labor organizational activities in China today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do emotions enter into children’s negotiated understandings and situated uses of categories of identity? This question guided a revisit to an ethnographic study of a multi-cultural context in Oakland, California. A focus group discussion among four Chinese American girls just graduating from elementary school and an interviewer, also Chinese American, was chosen for closer study. This secondary analysis focuses on how the girls engaged in school events and how in the interview they shared experiences of being excluded and rejected by peers. Thus, both reports about life in school and lived life in the group discussion were analyzed in ways that followed the girls’ individual and collective emotional dynamics. Emotional tension between using and being used by categories drove their stories about belonging, exclusion and subordination, and resistance. The girls’ handling of social identities in relation to language use, required activities, and girly appearance in school demonstrated how they were able to draw on an eclectic and intersecting mix of categories. In the containing setting of the focus group, the girls processed their raw emotional experience of being taunted and humiliated. In the process they could challenge and destabilize the meanings attached to the categories of identity used against them. Therefore, intersectional analyses cannot take any specific meanings of social categories such as gender, ethnicity/race, and age, as the starting points. Rather, in each specific instance, the meanings of social categories will emerge as the results of the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caregivers of people diagnosed with mental illness in ethno-cultural and linguistic minority communities (ECLMCs) face considerable demands and difficulties in their day-to-day caring role. Data from interviews with 20 caregivers from Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, and Chinese communities, undertaken in Perth, Western Australia, explore the roles caregivers play in the lives of their relatives and illustrate their use and non-use of support services. A diverse array of challenges confronts caregivers across the different ECLMCs. Although not an unequivocally negative experience, caring for a relative diagnosed with mental illness was found to frequently disrupt family relationships and to lead to physical and mental exhaustion as well as social isolation. The stigma associated with mental illness in ECLMCs is a significant factor dissuading people from seeking assistance from external agencies. Many mainstream services are seen as inappropriate, which appears to be a factor in their under-utilization. If mental health policies and community services are to seriously address the issue of appropriate support for caregivers from ECLMCs, it is important that they are aware of the nature of the considerable demands placed on such caregivers as they endeavor to support their dependent relatives.

Caregivers of people diagnosed with mental illness in ethno-cultural and linguistic minority communities (ECLMCs) face considerable demands and difficulties in their day-to-day caring role. Data from interviews with 20 caregivers from Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, and Chinese communities, undertaken in Perth, Western Australia, explore the roles caregivers play in the lives of their relatives and illustrate their use and non-use of support services. A diverse array of challenges confronts caregivers across the different ECLMCs. Although not an unequivocally negative experience, caring for a relative diagnosed with mental illness was found to frequently disrupt family relationships and to lead to physical and mental exhaustion as well as social isolation. The stigma associated with mental illness in ECLMCs is a significant factor dissuading people from seeking assistance from external agencies. Many mainstream services are seen as inappropriate, which appears to be a factor in their under-utilization. If mental health policies and community services are to seriously address the issue of appropriate support for caregivers from ECLMCs, it is important that they are aware of the nature of the considerable demands placed on such caregivers as they endeavor to support their dependent relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although previous studies showed that children are the primary source of old-age support in China, much less is known about the availability and sources of social support among childless elders. Also, little research has explored how older adults' social support transitions over time by childless status. Using the 2005 and 2011 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (N = 14,575), this study examined the transition of living arrangement and sources of social support by childless status among adults aged 65 and older. A series of multinomial logistic and linear regression models were used to analyze the data. Results show that compared to elders with children, childless elders were more likely to live alone or in an institution at baseline, but their probability of living alone decreased substantially while that of living in an institution increased modestly in the 6-year follow-up. Moreover, childless elders generally had fewer support sources, but this disadvantage became smaller over time. Although childless elders were significantly more likely to depend on nobody, the spouse, grandchildren (or other relatives), or nonrelatives for support at baseline, this pattern disappeared in the follow-up likely due to mortality selection. Findings imply that although the risk of social isolation among childless elders becomes lower as age progresses, garnering more social resources at younger ages may help reduce their premature mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has tolerated the presence of Hong Kong because it has enjoyed a large surplus in the trade balance, a surplus that would be lost by incorporating Hong Kong into China. By the terms of the lease signed with Britain in 1898, however, Hong Kong is due to return to China in 1997, and China can not for political and nationalist reasons refuse to accept Hong Kong back; both sides face a problem in maintaining a mutually beneficial relationship.

Song China was a period in which China experienced a great increase in its population. Concurrently, the Song dynasty also experienced a rise in the frequency of epidemics and two major wars with the Western Xia and Liao dynasties during the 1000s and 1040s. The consequences of these changes were exacerbated by the increased geographical mobility of certain social groups such as traders and examinees attending civil service examinations. Thus, casualties of wars, epidemics, or disease, especially of people whose families were far away and could not care for them were left without care and "their corpses often lay bare along the roads." This new social environment created a need for general relief. The Northern Song government (960–1127 CE), especially during the reign of Emperor Huizong, established an innovative public health system to address this issue. The public health system included poorhouses, public hospitals, and pauper's cemeteries. The first were more of charity organizations, whereas the latter two promoted public health by providing medical services for the poor and burial for those that nobody cared for. In terms of rationale behind these institutions, on the one hand, they constituted an attempt to get the poor and homeless off the streets while providing them relief or burial. On the other hand, it seems that Huizong's deep concern with medicine propelled him to design and implement a comprehensive public health system oriented to prevent contagion and outbreak of epidemics. This article depicts the background, the organization, and the functions of the system. The article also discusses the conditions and reasons that gave rise to such a unique undertaking by the Northern Song government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the study: This study sought to explore the psychological well-being, academic adjustment, and quality of parental attachment of LBC during COVID-19 based on Left-Behind Children's (LBC) word of mouth. Method: In light of the abundance of quantitative studies, this qualitative study explored the psychological, academic, and parental attachment experiences of rural LBC during COVID-19. To this end, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 LBCs aged 10–15 in May 2021. Result: The study results reveal that LBCs developed severe psychological illnesses after the pandemic severely disrupted their already disturbed lives. Our findings showed that most LBCs feel they do not need their parents, which reflects their long record of hopelessness and agony regarding the absence of their parents. Conclusion: Although COVID-19 is a global problem, its impact was particularly devastating for LBCs who have nobody around who could help them with their academic, personal and social need. In the modern COVID-19 era, it seems that Chinese grandparenting has become unreliable in the face of radical change in contemporary Education, society, and the economic system. Therefore, this study suggests that the Chinese government should seek to identify and monitor these children by working with NGOs that target such children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations can motivate and coordinate work by socializing members to internalize organizational values. Existing theories posit that organizations achieve normative control through encapsulation, wherein peers and managers are primary sources of members' socialization. Drawing on ethnographic data from a not-for-profit school, I show how an external actor—beneficiaries—can become a source of normative control. I develop a multistage process that explains how teachers were socialized by parents, specifically by hearing these parent beneficiaries narrate their needs; engaging in collective storytelling about beneficiaries; experiencing episodic shaming centered on how teachers' daily performance met (or did not meet) beneficiaries' needs; and receiving validation from beneficiaries. Because these sequential stages establish beneficiaries as sources of control through social interactions set in specific times and places, and establish shared emotional states among organizational members, I theorize that these stages compose a ritual of integration. Although teachers initially arrived at the school with heterogeneous values, this ritual led many of them to internalize the organizational value of self-sacrifice. Teachers who were unmoved by parents' stories or came to see parents as exploitative did not internalize this value, and they tended to exit the organization. This study reveals how normative control can arise not only through socialization from in-group members but also from ritual interactions with and about beneficiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To classify the FIGO's PALM‐COEIN etiology for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) patients according to the ultrasound and histopathology and to evaluate the etiology prevalence distribution for AUB patients. Methods: A total of 1065 women with AUB in the Second Hospital of Shandong University between January 2019 and March 2021. The intrauterine histopathological and ultrasound results were reviewed retrospectively.PALM‐COEIN etiology classification was performed according to histopathology and ultrasound. The classification system was stratified into nine basic categories: Polyp (AUB‐P), adenomyosis (AUB‐A), leiomyoma (AUB‐L), malignancy and hyperplasia (AUB‐M), coagulopathy (AUB‐C), ovulatory disorders (AUB‐O), endometrium (AUB‐E), Iatrogenic(AUB‐I), and not classified (AUB‐N). The number of cases and composition ratio were also calculated. Results: According to the FIGO's classification system, the PALM group (656,61.60%), which were defined as structural entities that can be measured visually with ultrasound and/or histopathology. 176 (16.53%) patients were classified as AUB‐P,102 (9.58%) patients were classified as AUB‐A, 487(45.73%) patients were classified as AUB‐L, 31 (2.91%) patients were classified as AUB‐M. The COEIN group (409,38.40%), which were defined as nonstructural entities that cannot be measured by ultrasound and/or histopathology. Nobody were classified as AUB‐C in our group, and 383 (35.96%) patients were classified as AUB‐O, 4 (0.38%) patients were classified as AUB‐E,14 (1.31%) patients were classified as AUB‐I,8 (0.75%) patients were classified as AUB‐N. Conclusion: In our study, AUB‐L was the most common cause, followed by AUB‐O, AUB‐P, AUB‐A, AUB‐M, AUB‐I, AUB‐N, and AUB‐E.PALM‐COEIN etiology classification system played an important role in the epidemic and management standardization of AUB patients, provided an effective communication between physicians and researchers also. Ultrasonography was the preferred examination for AUB patients, especially with structural abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective mourning is an expression of societal maturity, cohesion, and respect. The world is in grief, but in early January 2020, before nobody could even imagine that SARS-CoV-2 would turn into the COVID-19 pandemic, a music video version of a pop ballad about love and isolation was spread across a Chinese social network. The song 'You Are Not Alone' was adapted as a cover by young foreigners living in China to express their support to bereaved families and frontline workers and encourage the people of China, their second home. At that time, the rest of the world looked to distant China but could hardly expect to face the same adversity months later. The authors reported that the music video was a spontaneous artistic expression copying such traumatic events and the mourning process. The present work analyses how the music was blended with lyrics and images describing the outbreak in Wuhan to reach their goal. The original song and this shortened version for China were compared regarding musical and lyric structures and main characteristics. Additionally, an analysis of the two videos was done regarding cinemetric variables and non-verbal communication that emphasized the power of songs to express deep sorrow and sympathy but also to give hope. Psychological first aid, the five stages of the mourning process by Kübler-Ross, the dual-process model by Stroebe and Schut, and Taylor's tend-to-befriend provided a better understanding of the translation from interpersonal to societal mourning. Finally, other memorable songs that society spontaneously chose to be performed alone or together to cope with sudden and dramatic situations, mitigate physical distancing, and alleviate human suffering are discussed. Music, lyrics, and artistic performance are playing a key role in building social and emotional ties during this pandemic, hampering individual and social pain and sorrow despite cultural barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two years ago, when Xi Jinping replaced former Chairman Hu Jingtao as China's leader, most Chinese people held great expectations of economic and political reform. Xi promised the people he would realize the "Chinese dream" - even though nobody knows exactly what the Chinese dream is. Some China watchers explained the "Chinese dream" as being the happiness of the people in society. It is true that Chinese society ranked No. 60 in happiness among the global community in 2012. But it is also clear that most Chinese people do not feel happy about their lives, even though official data shows the economy is the second-largest in the world and is still developing rapidly. If most Chinese people cannot enjoy this economic development, how they can feel happy? During the Hu era China experienced a "lost decade", as most of the reforms were postponed under his administration. Of course, Hu's administration was very lucky: the economy was driven by the Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008 and the Expo in Shanghai in 2010. The government improved a lot of infrastructure investment related to these two international events. In 2009, Hu's administration announced investment projects costing 4 trillion yuan to counter the damage from the Lehman Shock. Compared with Hu's administration Xi seems not so lucky. There are no international events being staged. The government still wants to improve infrastructure investment, but it cannot pay for it. The only option for Xi's administration is to accept 7% GDP growth instead of double-digit growth. Two years ago Premier Li Keqiang told the Chinese news agency Xinhua that 7% GDP growth would be acceptable, and the key point here is the implied change in the economic structure, because 7% growth can create sufficient employment opportunities. This was known as "Likonomics". But over the past two years Likonomics has not succeeded because Li could not take the leadership in reforming the stateowned enterprises. Since the second half of 2014 it seems as if the government has given up on Likonomics. Nowadays Xi has taken the leadership in relaxing financial policies. According to Xinhua and the People's Daily newspaper, 7% GDP growth is a new normal situation in China. The announcement means that China is facing difficulties in realizing double-digit growth like that of the Hu era. If 7% GDP growth is the new normal situation, the government doesn't need to take responsibility for the economic slowdown. But nobody can guarantee that 7% GDP growth can be sustained in the coming years. If the GDP growth rate is going to slow to 5% or 6%, it will mean society facing turmoil. Maybe Xi is correct in changing policies to generate more liquidity for the financial markets to avoid financial crises. But here I am concerned about the sustainability of Chinese economic operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ravuconazole is an extended‐spectrum triazole agent that is efficient in vitro against Candida spp. and has been approved to work as an oral formulae for onychomycosis in Japan in 2018. However, nobody had determined the MIC of ravuconazole against the Candida auris, which is known as an emerging multidrug‐resistant yeast. Meanwhile, rare is known of the in vitro activity of ravuconazole against vaginal Candida isolates. Objectives: To investigate the activity of ravuconazole against C. auris and vaginal Candida isolates of China and assess the feasibility of ravuconazole in the treatment of candidiasis caused by C. auris and other Candida spp. Methods: We determined the in vitro activity of ravuconazole and 9 comparators against 15 C. auris isolates and determined the MIC of ravuconazole on 525 vaginal Candida isolates (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis) from 9 provinces of China by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methodology. Results: The MICs of fluconazole and amphotericin B on C. auris were much higher than second‐generation azoles and echinocandins. Ravuconazole was active against all the C. auris isolates and as effective as isavuconazole, posaconazole and echinocandins while showed a better antifungal activity than itraconazole, voriconazole to C. auris. For vaginal Candida isolates, the proportion of ravuconazole‐resistant isolates is 0.19% (1/525). Conclusions: Ravuconazole was in good active against C. auris and vaginal Candida isolates, which suggested ravuconazole could be used in the treatment of drug‐resistant candidiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate perinatal outcomes regarding clinical presentation in pregnancy and the vertical transmission potential of COVID‐19. Methods: Clinical records, laboratory findings, and chest computed tomography (CT) scans were retrospectively reviewed from 20 pregnant patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 who were admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and The Third Hospital of Wuhan, from Jan 20 to Mar 16, 2020, including three in the first‐trimester, two in the second‐trimester, and 15 in the third‐trimester. Evidence of vertical transmission was assessed by testing for neonatal throat swab samples. The pathological changes of COVID‐19 on the placenta is evaluated by hematoxylin‐eosin staining. Results: The most common symptoms of the pregnant women with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were fever and cough, which is comparable to the nonpregnant adults with COVID‐19 infection. Nobody was transferred to intensive care unit (ICU) for treatment and there were no maternal and neonatal deaths. However, there was one case with induced abortions on first‐trimester (due to pregnant woman's concerns about COVID‐19), one diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy, no intrauterine fetal deaths during the study period. Delivery occurred in 15 patients in the third trimester. Their incidence of preterm birth was 20%. Three of the four preterm births were spontaneous. The average length of stay was 20.77 days. No neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was detected. There were two placentas found with acute chorioamnionitis, one showed normal placenta morphology. Conclusion: In this case series study, COVID‐19 had no short‐term adverse effect on pregnant women except premature birth. The vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 did not occur in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong policies that deliver stronger fundamentals and a stronger currency are very much in the national interest. There can be some short-term advantages to currency depreciation, but the United States is better served by making clear that we intend to pursue strong policies, and in turn that generates a well-functioning international order. There has been a lot of progress with internationalization of the Renminbi, but there are some pretty serious obstacles to its becoming a major reserve currency. Clearly the Chinese Renminbi is playing more of a role in international finance. However, there are foundations for being a major international currency, and right now China does not seem to be moving too quickly to build those. These include capital controls, heavy management of the exchange rate, and financial repression. The phase one managed trade deal with China has targets that are likely unachievable, and continuing protectionist US policies would more likely put upward pressure on the dollar. It would be nice for the US dollar to remain strong because we have really good policy and fundamentals. It seems more likely we're going to remain strong because looking at Europe, Japan, and China, nobody is an impressive competitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four month ago, nobody knows about covid-19 but now this virus has spread to almost every country, infecting at least 3,062515 people and death approx 211449 people with badly impact on economies of the most countries and also broken their health -care systems. At this time covid-19 disease is almost spreading all over the world and society. Majorly Pharmacy services act as a pillar at this pandemic situation for the public health. China is the first country where covid-19 outbreak started and some current data of consumer behavior and their habits are showed that society take some safe and preventive measures during lockdown and social distancing time which increase growth of ecommerce demand is inevitable. Now a day’s e-pharmacy is being adapted because medications can be ordered in a one click and conveniently delivered to customer door step with some risk like misuse of drugs and self-medication especially for those drugs which comes under the schedule H and X. This review paper focus on the basic issues and challenges related to online pharmacy and how can it be beneficial to society and pharma sectors in the pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Joining the tide of global internationalisation of higher education, Chinese universities have embraced English-medium instruction (EMI) as a strategic response. The adoption of EMI is to comply with government mandates and for institutional survival, as it will increase the international ranking and bring in more income from international students. The switch of medium of instruction and pedagogical issues arising therefrom have drawn considerable scholarly attention. However, little attention has been paid to the implementation of EMI in second- or mid-tier universities, and, particularly, to the attendant pedagogical issues. In comparison to top-tier universities, second-tier universities' instructors must deal with amplified tensions created between the pedagogical needs and institutional requirements brought by the EMI policy. This study seeks to shed light on the challenges, and their contributing factors, confronted by educators in these universities. Employing a language policy analysis framework informed by policy enactment theory, the research draws upon an examination of both national and institutional policy documents, as well as interviews conducted with nine educators and administrative leaders across three distinct faculties. The investigation reveals that the emergent challenges in implementing EMI stem from several sources, including lax admission standards for international students and the divergent backgrounds and requirements of local versus international student populations. These findings underscore the imperative for a thorough appraisal of contextual nuances before the formulation and implementation of language-in-education policies. This is particularly salient in second-tier academic institutions, which often grapple with limited resources and may not possess the same level of preparedness to adapt their systems as swiftly as their more resourced counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Global Qualitative Nursing Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims. To understand what domains of acculturation are experienced by Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Australia and how these domains of acculturation influence their CVD self‐care behaviours. Design. A qualitative descriptive design. Methods. Individual phone interviews were conducted among Chinese immigrants with CVD in Sydney, recruited from Chinese Community associations and social media. Inductive and deductive thematic analysis was employed, guided by the Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐Care of Chronic Illness and the conceptual model of acculturation. Results. Twenty participants, mean age 69.9 years, were interviewed. The domains of acculturation in relation to CVD self‐care behaviours encompassed cultural practices, cultural values, healthcare system navigation, and new living environment. Retaining their Chinese culture and integrating into Australian culture regarding dietary practices, social networks, traditional values and family relationships served as both enablers and barriers of self‐care maintenance through factors such as heart‐healthy diets, physical activity, stress management and medication adherence. Many participants denied encountering difficulties to utilize primary care services, but language barriers deterred them from accessing acute services and heart‐health information from mainstream sources. Some preserved beliefs and practices in Traditional Chinese Medicine may complicate their self‐care maintenance (medication adherence) and self‐care management (responding to acute angina episodes). Conclusion. The influence of acculturation on CVD self‐care behaviours among Chinese immigrants is multifaceted and individualized. Clinicians and community health workers should assess patients' acculturation experiences to enable culturally sensitive practices. The lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate heart health information in the community should be addressed urgently to mitigate the cardiac health disparity. Collaboration with Chinese community associations offers an opportunity for co‐design and dissemination of information about Australian healthcare systems and heart health education to upskill CVD self‐care practices and mitigate the health inequities experienced by Chinese immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to identify and analyse the gains and strains associated with flexible working practices (FWPs) introduced and adopted prior to and during the pandemic and consider how these experiences are likely to shape the future of workplace flexibility post-pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: A case study research strategy was adopted to explore the FWPs implemented by a state-owned organisation in the Chinese publishing industry. A mixed data collection method was used. Quantitative data was collected from 50 valid questionnaires, which was followed by 7 qualitative interviews to gain rich insights into the availability and effectiveness of various FWPs and associated benefits and drawbacks. Findings: While the results confirm positive effects FWPs have on employee engagement and retention and on business continuity and employee well-being during the pandemic, the empirical analysis highlights the performance-driven patterns in use and impacts of some FWPs, which caused concerns and dilemmas. Besides the increasing intense market competition, the changing face of state-owned enterprises and managerial attitudes have been found to have significant effects on the use of FWPs. Originality/value: This paper has contributed to a better understanding of flexible working in an under-researched setting, reflected in changes before and during the pandemic, offering an insight into the commercialised nature of flexible working in the Chinese context. It has implications for organisations and HR practitioners as they envision future workplace flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Youth smoking is a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, a rigorous tobacco-free environment within schools, combined with exemplary tobacco control behavior among school personnel can effectively contribute to reducing adolescent smoking. This study compared the tobacco control environment in Shanghai secondary schools in 2017 and 2021, and explored how the tobacco control environment influenced the tobacco control behaviors of school personnel. METHODS Two cross-sectional studies were conducted from October to December 2017 and October to December 2021, using stratified cluster random sampling method, and 2403 and 1761 valid questionnaires were collected, respectively. The chi-squared test was used to test the differences between categorical variables. Binary logistic regression was conducted using survey data from 2021 to explore the influencing factors of staff's tobacco control behaviors. RESULTS Compared with 2017, the percentages of staff members who were current smokers, had smoked on campus in the past year and were exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) on campus in the past 7 days in 2021 decreased by 2.95%, 2.30% and 8.91%, respectively. However, the proportion of personnel who knew the school had organized tobacco control education decreased. Furthermore, school personnel who had received tobacco control education and agreed the school should strictly prohibit students from smoking (AOR=1.64; 95% CI: 1.25--2.15) were more likely to inform about the harm of tobacco to students. Those who had participated in tobacco control education activities or tobacco control trainings (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.30--2.69) and believed that the school did not strictly prohibit either students (AOR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.22--0.41) or personnel (AOR=0.46; 95% CI: 0.36--0.59) from smoking were more inclined to stop students from smoking. CONCLUSIONS Compared with 2017, the rates of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among school personnel decreased in 2021, but some schools still lacked comprehensive education on tobacco control behaviors for the staff. Enhancing the health literacy and strengthening tobacco control education among staff were effective strategies to encouraging their active adoption of tobacco control behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study aims to advance a new framework to spur creativity at individual and team levels in the construction industry by studying a leader's sense of humor. The authors develop and test a multi-level model to investigate the direct and indirect effects of leader's humor on creativity within teams working on construction projects. The authors draw on the benign violation theory to hypothesize that a leader's sense of humor influences the acceptability of norm violations in teams, which helps to improve their creativity. The authors also integrate the benign violation theory with the social information processing theory to examine the indirect effects of project leader's sense of humor on individual- and team-level creativity via team psychological safety. Design/methodology/approach: The authors collected data from 165 members nested in 45 teams working on construction projects in China. The construct's factor structure and discriminant validity were established through confirmatory factor analysis. The authors used multi-level modeling via Mplus to test team-level to the individual-level direct and indirect hypotheses, while team-level direct and indirect hypotheses were tested using ordinary least squares regression. Findings: The results show that the leader's humor has a dual positive direct effect on individual and team creativity. Furthermore, these effects are partially mediated by team psychological safety. The implications of these findings to improve the construction management theory and practice are discussed in the manuscript. Originality/value: The current study contributes to the literature by understanding the significance of leader humor in predicting individual-level and team-level creativity within the construction sector. It expands the literature by examining team psychological safety as the underlying mechanism in the relationship between leader humor and creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many large scale omnibus surveys have adopted shorter versions of the original lengthy psychological scales for efficiency. Evidence is lacking on the impact of different forms on respondent behaviors and data analysis. This study focuses on the widely used Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a case in point, by utilizing data from the nationally representative China Family Panel Studies. It compares CES-D20 with CES-D8 as they have been applied to two separate and equivalent groups. Our findings suggest that reducing the test length from CES-D20 to CES-D8 does not lead to a notable reduction to their psychometric qualities. Respondent behaviors as measured by survey perceptions in its concurrent wave, and attrition rates two years later are not affected by the forms. Analysis by combining data from the two forms is possible after proper conversion of the scores to be on the same metric without worrying about the form effect. In conclusion, the findings provide supporting evidence for a possible smooth transition between long and short forms of scales under proper survey designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suzhi has grown into a key bio-policy that is crucial to governance and individual life in post-socialist China. Drawing upon Bourdieusian habitus, this article examines how millennial middle-class women live the class-based suzhi on a daily basis in the fields of education, marriage and real estate. Class divisions configure women's habitual pursuit of cultural suzhi, and their embodied capital is reflected in practical situations. Women embody cultural suzhi and specific life experiences as middle-class daughters. They are inclined to have matched marriages to ensure personal happiness. But middle-class women demonstrate high neoliberal reflexivity in performing civil suzhi in the field of real estate. Neoliberal feminism is materialised through suzhi : Women exhibit reflexivity in their embodied experiences of suzhi while also internalising class structures and state power, thus reinforcing the insidious reproduction of social inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mythology of Russia-China cooperation Underlying the ideas of the political elite, media, and businesses are not just unreliable statistics, which nobody trusts, but also extremely distorted understandings about the motivations, nature, and consequences of the Chinese economic presence in Russia. Factors restraining the development of Russia-China transborder cooperation What are the reasons why cooperation with China (in particular in Primorskii Krai) is lagging behind the Moscow-Beijing strategic partnership? Notes 1 The Program for Cooperation between Regions in the Far East and Eastern Siberia in the Russian Federation and the Northeast of the People's Republic of China (2009-2018) was confirmed by the president of the Russian Federation and the Chairman of the People's Republic of China on September 23, 2009. 27 This happens due to time differences between the Russian regions and China (two hours for the Jewish Autonomous Okrug, Khabarovskii Krai, and Primorye; one hour for Amurskaia Oblast') and also because Russia and China do not observe the same holidays. [Extracted from the article]

For the past several decades, US policy toward China has fundamentally limited the policy options toward Taiwan. For several historical and practical reasons, mistrust of the United States remains relatively strong among the Taiwanese public. Skepticism about US intentions oscillates between fears of being abandoned and being entrapped. As Washington policymakers continue to debate Taiwan policy through the lens of US-China relations, most of the discussion focuses on how to deter China from attacking Taiwan; few are articulating the importance of reassuring Taiwan. This article sheds light on the Taiwanese sentiment toward the United States, specifically the source of mistrust of the United States, which would significantly affect the efficacy of any US policy. The intricate history of the United States and Taiwan suggests that a new and effective US policy toward Taiwan should include both credible military deterrence of China and a clear reassurance for Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), has attracted extensive attention due to its adverse impacts on public health. Although PM2.5 pollution was significantly reduced in China over time, while little is known how the spatial disparity of PM2.5 exposure has evolved, especially from both absolute and relative perspectives. Here, we estimate the long-term PM2.5 exposures in China based on satellite observations and convolutional neural network, and characterize the spatial disparity of PM2.5 exposure using Theil index and rank-rank relationship. The result shows that both PM2.5 exposure and absolute spatial disparity were substantially reduced between 2010 and 2019. The nation-wide concentrations (Theil index) declined from 48.0µg/m3 (0.13) to 35.5µg/m3 (0.054). The inter-provincial disparities dominate the overall disparity in 2010, while the intra-provincial disparity contributed the most in 2019. However, while absolute disparities have diminished, relative disparities persist. PM2.5 exposures in the least 20th percentile polluted cities have increased over time, while exposures in other regions declined. On average, the more (less) polluted cities in 2010 were still the more (less) polluted cities in 2019 (except for the very most 2 percentile polluted cities), indicating that the population in more polluted cities still experiences more air pollution than others. Spatial pattern of relative disparity changes was also observed. Overall, understanding not only absolute spatial disparity but also relative disparity is required to help formulate targeted policies for an equitable environment, leaving nobody behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The private writings of two Southern Baptist women missionaries in China are analyzed to deepen our understanding of women's perspectives on their daily lives. After reviewing secondary research on married and single women's work in China, the author uses primary source examples from family letters and diaries to illustrate differences in responsibilities and opportunities for single and married women, and how motherhood changed their relationship to their work even further. Requirements for "homemaking", and a "civilizing mission" expected of married women, increased pressure on missionary wives. Single women, arriving in larger numbers in the early 20th century, were able to focus only on the mission work and accomplish more. The success and productivity of single women further marginalized married women, particularly those with children, who could not keep up with their single counterparts in the mission work. By exploring these two exemplars we can draw an even more nuanced picture of the many ways Baptist women missionaries negotiated their callings in light of their family status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnography is often considered as a suitable methodological approach to explore childhoods, nevertheless, there is limited reflection on ethics in the field in the Global South educational settings, such as China. Previous China-based fieldwork studies suggest complex field relationships as a major ethical challenge. Although the issue is especially prominent in research that contests "normative" Chinese childhoods, it hasn't been sufficiently discussed due to a culture of silence surrounding researchers' emotions and positionality. This paper uses emotional reflexivity as a lens to revisit two Chinese female researchers' experiences of fieldwork, respectively, with left-behind children and disabled children in Chinese primary schools. The analysis examines how we identified ourselves and negotiated complex relationships with school members and unpacks experiences of "sameness" and "otherness" and the vulnerability and creditability impacted by our fluid identities. The paper adds insights into ethical considerations of school-based ethnographic research with diverse children in the Global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research activity is one of the key professional learning needs noted by teacher educators working in higher education. The purpose of this study is to explore what research activities Chinese higher education-based physical education teacher educators (PETEds) prioritised and, in turn, expressed their aligned research-related professional learning needs. A sample of 15 Chinese higher education-based PETEds was interviewed. The results conveyed that Chinese PETEds had a strong desire to avail of research-related professional learning activities, with the majority prioritising peer-review publication. The motives for PETEds to be involved in research tend to be extrinsic to the individual and include pressures aligned to the evaluation of their academic position and institute requirements. PETEds who entered teacher education with a PhD were expected and supported to do research, while PETEds without a PhD requested opportunities to undertake a PhD abroad. While it was easier for PETEds to undertake collaborative research with a research group within their faculty/department, there was a lack of collaborative research external to the faculty/department as well as a lack of international collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide, and Chinese TB burden ranked the second globally. Chinese primary healthcare (PHC) sectors implement the TB Control Program (TCP) to improve active case finding, referral, treatment adherence, and health education. This study aimed to identify barriers and enablers of TCP implementation in high TB burden regions of West China. Methods: We conducted a representative study using mixed-methods in 28 counties or districts in Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province of West China from October 2021 to May 2022. Questionnaire surveys and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 2720 TB healthcare workers (HCWs) and 20 interviewees in PHC sectors. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to investigate TB HCWs' characteristics, and path analysis model was utilized to analyze the impact of associated factors on TCP implementation. Thematic framework analysis was developed with the guide of the adapted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) on factors of TCP implementation. Results: This study found that 84.6% and 94.1% of community and village HCWs had low professional titles. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis, lower TB core knowledge scores (-0.09) were identified as barriers for TCP implementation in community PHC sectors, and low working satisfaction (-0.17) and low working willingness (-0.10) are barriers for TPC implementation in village PHC sectors. The results of in-depth interviews reported barriers in all domains and enablers in four domains of CFIR. There were identified 19 CFIR constructs associated with TCP implementation, including 22 barriers such as HCWs' heavy workload, and 12 enablers such as HCWs' passion towards TCP planning. Conclusions: With the guide of the CFIR framework, complex factors (barriers and enablers) of TCP implementation in PHC sectors of West China were explored, which provided important evidences to promote TB program in high TB burden regions. Further implementation studies to translate those factors into implementation strategies are urgent needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]