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In coastal regions, compound flooding, driven by multiple flood hazard sources, can cause greater damage than when the flood drivers occur in isolation. This study focuses on compound flooding from extreme precipitation and storm surge in China's Qiantang Estuary. We quantify the potential of compound flooding by measuring bivariate joint statistical dependence and joint return period (JRP). We find a significant positive dependence between the two flood drivers considered, as indicated by Kendall's rank correlation coefficients. Compound events occur frequently, with an average of 2.65 events per year from 1979 to 2018, highlighting the significant concern of compound flooding for this estuary. Using a copula model, we demonstrate that considering the dependence between the two flood drivers shortens the JRP of compound flooding compared to the JRP assuming total independence. For a 1-in-10-yr precipitation event and 1-in-10-yr storm surge event, the JRP is 1 in 100 years when assuming total independence. However, it decreases to 1 in 32.44 years when considering their dependence. Ignoring the dependence between flood drivers can lead to an increase in the JRP of compound events, resulting in an underestimation of the overall flood risk. Our analysis reveals a strong link between the weather patterns creating compound events and extreme storm surge only events with tropical cyclone activity. Additionally, the extreme precipitation only events were found to be connected with the frontal system of the East Asian summer monsoon. This study highlights the importance of considering the dependence between multiple flood drivers associated with certain types of the same weather systems when assessing the flood risk in coastal regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging contaminant, microplastics (MPs) have caused global environmental pollution and become the focus of current research. This research presents a comprehensive literature review on the occurrence and distribution characteristics of MPs in surface water within China. The findings demonstrate that stainless steel barrels currently serve as the predominant tool for water sampling, whereas Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer and Raman spectrometer are extensively employed for the detection of MPs. The mean abundance of MPs in rivers ranges from 0.57 to 930.00 n/L, while in lakes and reservoirs, it varies between 1.30 and 27.50 n/L. The size of MPs in surface waters is mainly less than 1 mm, with the transparent or white fibrous forms being the most frequently observed morphology, and polypropylene and polyethylene emerge as the primary polymer types. Additionally, the investigation of MPs in lakes and reservoirs in Northeast China and South China remains unexplored. Currently, an increasing number of Chinese cities are opting for surface water as their water source, so more studies should focus on enhancing the accumulation of research data on MPs in surface water to provide substantial support for the development of pollution control measures in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As a subtype of toponym, hydronyms reflect people’s perception, understanding, and contemplation of waterbodies. With data collected from authoritative gazetteers, this study classifies the names of 189 major rivers distributed across Mainland China into seven categories to extrapolate general rules governing river-naming in China. The results show that descriptive names comprise the biggest share. Based on this study’s research findings, this article also discusses the complex cognitive processes, including conceptual metonymy, conceptual metaphor, and conceptual blending involved in river-naming in China. Specifically, based on the principles of proximity and prominence, the most frequently employed types were the following metonymies: PLACE FOR RIVER, PROPERTY FOR RIVER, PERSON FOR RIVER, EVENT FOR RIVER, and FUNCTION FOR RIVER. As this research shows, river naming in China is not arbitrary, but highly motivated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulated rivers worldwide are managed to meet human demands and reduce flood hazards but the resulting flow regime often fails to support ecological and hydrogeomorphic processes. Designing environmental flows (e‐flows) for regulated rivers has been the focus of recent studies, but in the absence of site‐specific monitoring data, it can be difficult to assign flow regimes. Given the recent development of dams throughout China, and the desire to minimize adverse downstream ecological effects, we classified river basins to identify characteristics for improved basin management. The purpose of the classification is to minimize the need for localized data when developing initial evaluations for planning e‐flow prioritization plans. Building on the functional flow framework of managing rivers to deliver environmental water in the right place, time, and amount, we use k‐means consensus clustering to group 185 subbasins of China's Yangtze River into seven hydroclasses (consensus = 0.80). Similar hydrogeomorphic and ecological characteristics are used for the purposes of identifying flow regime components indexed against threatened aquatic species and anthropogenic pressures. This case study can inform water resource management and e‐flow requirements broadly. As hydropower dams are expected to more than double over the next 15 years globally, flexible management strategies that balance ecosystem needs with human demands can support efforts for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distributions of pH, total alkalinity (Alk), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) were investigated in Bohai Bay in northeastern China during summer 2020. The CO2 air–sea fluxes were also estimated for that summer. The results of the survey showed that the distributions of Alk and DIC in surface and bottom seawater were generally consistent, with the maximum values of DIC and Alk appearing at the same station, station BHB33 at the surface and station BHB35 at the bottom, which were in the middle of the bay. The minimum values of pH and the maximums value of pCO2 were both located at station HH2 at the surface and station HH3 at the bottom, which were near the mouth of the Haihe River. Bohai Bay was estimated as a source of CO2 in summer 2020. Carbonate species presented significant correlations with biochemical parameters, such as chlorophyll α (Chl- α), dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients. In addition, terrestrial inputs and human activities, together with the poor hydrodynamics of Bohai Bay are also the main factors influencing the carbonate species in Bohai Bay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk assessment of water environments provides important references for water environment risk management. In this paper, the water environment risk of the upper rivers of the Baiyangdian Lake is assessed, considering both cumulative and sudden environmental risk. For the cumulative environmental risk assessment of the rivers, the characteristics of pollution transmissibility and accumulation in rivers was considered firstly. Furthermore, suggestions for the control of water environment pollution in the Baiyangdian Basin are given. The results indicate that the cumulative water environment risks of the Xiaoyi River—Dingzhou County, Xiaoyi River—Anguo County, Xiaoyi River—Boye County, and Xiaoyi River—Li County are high. The amount of fertilizer applied per unit of cultivated area, water quality, rate of water quality above the standard in water function zoning, and the ratio of environmental investment to gross domestic product (GDP) are important factors influencing the cumulative water environment risk. For sudden water environment assessments, the Xiaoyi River—Boye County is high. In the future, reducing the intensity of fertilizer application, strengthening the water quality control of the rivers, as well as upgrading the industry, should be carried out to protect the water environment in the Baiyangdian Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is an important engine of national economic development and a leading region in international competition. As economic exchanges and resource flows in the YRD region become closer, the inter-regional industrial linkages continue to grow, resulting in the formation of an industrial network structure characterized by a "complex network". The strength of the links between industrial sectors and the value and significance of the existence of industries in the network change over time, thus causing the overall evolution of the industrial network in the YRD region. Based on the input-output tables of the YRD region in 2012 and 2017, this paper uses the prediction index of network structure similarity to construct the prediction model of industrial network link between the YRD regions, and calculates the possibility of future links between industries in the Yangtze River Delta region through comparative analysis and selection of the RWR index of random walk similarity with the best effect, and concludes that: (1) the homogeneity of industries among provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Delta region is relatively high, resulting in homogeneous competition; (2) the overall nature of the industrial layout of the YRD is not prominent, and the depth and intensity of cross-regional industrial cooperation are lacking. On the basis of analysis and research, the countermeasures and suggestions for effectively realizing industrial integration are put forward from the macro level of the government and the meso level of the industry, so as to achieve a more complete industrial network in the YRD region and a more extensive length and width of the cross-regional industrial chain., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Shen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2012 to 2022, from the perspective of harmony between man and nature, this paper selects 20 indicators to measure the level of agricultural green development from five dimensions such as ecological conservation and resource conservation by entropy weight method. On this basis, taking the implementation of green industrial policy in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a quasi-natural experiment, the policy effect of green industrial policy on agricultural green development was analyzed by using the difference-in-difference method. The study found that: (1) the green development of agriculture is basically increasing year by year in each province, but there are some differences in the green development of agriculture among provinces; (2) Compared with the non-implementation areas of policies, the green development of agriculture in the implementation areas of policies has been significantly improved, and has passed a series of robustness tests; (3) The mechanism analysis shows that the green industrial policy has a crowding-out effect on industrial development, but significantly enhances the ecological construction and protection, thus promoting the green development of agriculture; (4) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy has a significant positive incentive effect on the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the incentive effect on the middle reaches is not significant; (5) The impact of technological level on agricultural green development shows a positive U-shaped relationship. The improvement of education and information development levels also effectively promotes the green development of agriculture. This paper provides important empirical evidence and factual references for further promoting the green development of agriculture and the improvement of green industrial policies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Jingbo Shao. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The cell size of phytoplankton is an important defining functional trait that can serve as a driver and sentinel of phytoplankton community structure and function. However, the study of the assembly patterns and drivers of phytoplankton metacommunities with different cell sizes has not been widely carried out. In this study, we systematically investigated the biodiversity patterns, drivers, and assembly processes of the three phytoplankton cell sizes (micro: 20-200 μm; nano: 2-20 μm; pico: 0.2-2 μm) in the Za'gya Zangbo River from the source to the estuary using 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The results demonstrated that the alpha diversity and co-occurrence network complexity for all three sizes of phytoplankton increased to a peak downstream of the glacier sources and then decreased to the estuary. The nanophytoplankton subcommunity consistently had the highest alpha diversity and co-occurrence network complexity. On the other hand, total beta diversity followed a unimodal trend of decreasing and then increasing from source to estuary, and was dominated by species replacement components. In addition, deterministic processes driven mainly by physiochemical indices (PCIs) and biogenic elements (BGEs) dominated the assembly of micro- and nanophytoplankton subcommunities, whereas stochastic processes driven by geographical factors (GGFs) dominated the assembly of picophytoplankton subcommunities. The results explained the contradictions in previous studies of phytoplankton community assembly processes in highland aquatic ecosystems, elucidating the different contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes, and the complexity of compositional mechanisms in shaping the assembly of micro-, nano-, and picophytoplankton in this highland glacial river., Importance: The cell size of phytoplankton is a key life-history trait and key determinant, and phytoplankton of different cell sizes are differentially affected by ecological processes. However, the study of the assembly patterns and drivers of phytoplankton metacommunities with different cell sizes has not been widely carried out. We provide an in-depth analysis of phytoplankton community diversity across three cell sizes in the glacier-fed river, describing how the pattern of phytoplankton communities differs across cell sizes in response to geochemical gradients. The results show that the smaller phytoplankton (picophytoplankton) are relatively more influenced by dispersal-based stochastic processes, whereas larger ones (microphytoplankton and nanophytoplankton) are more structured by selection-based deterministic processes., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The health of older adults is crucial for the overall health of the entire life cycle. Based on population sampling survey data and census data from 131 prefecture level units in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) during 2010-2020, this study used exploratory spatial data analysis, geographical detector, stepwise regression analysis, and GTWR model to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors of the health level of older adults in the YREB. The results show that the health level of older adults in the YREB slightly increased from 2010 to 2020, with the most significant improvement in the upstream region and the most significant decline in the midstream region. The older adults' health level in the YREB displays a gradient decreasing pattern of the downstream, midstream, and upstream regions. The health level of older adults in the YREB is influenced by a combination of natural and social environment factors. Areas with lower altitude and moderate humidity climates are more conducive to the health of older adults. The increase in influencing factors such as population migration rate, per capita GDP, average years of education, per capita housing construction area, per capita park green area, and green coverage rate in built-up areas is conducive to improving the health level of older adults, while lower number of health institutions per 1,000 people and higher household support rate are not conducive to improving the health level of older adults. In addition, over time, the health-promoting effect of natural environmental factors is enhanced from 2010 to 2020, and the influence of annual precipitation on shaping the spatial pattern of older adults' health level became more obvious. Although the promoting effect of population migration on the health level of older adults tends to weaken, it remains the primary factor affecting the spatiotemporal differentiation of older adults' health level in the YREB. The impact of social development on the health level of older adults has changed from a positive health effect (improvement) to a negative health effect (loss). The health-promoting effect of living environment factors is enhanced. The health-inhibitory effect of household support rate increased, and showed a gradient decreasing pattern from downstream to midstream to upstream. The findings of this study can provide a more in-depth understanding of the spatiotemporal pattern of the health level of older adults in the YREB and the factors influencing it, improve the health level of older adults in the region, and promote the development of healthy and active aging in the YREB, and improve the human health. At the same time, this study also supplements the related research on aging and the health level of the elderly. Firstly, it can provide reference for the research on the health of old adults in other countries and regions around the world. Secondly, it can also provide a basis for research on aging and the health of old adults in cities and counties under YREB., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Yang, Gong. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The Yellow River Delta played a vital role in the development of the Neolithic civilization of China. However, the population history of this region from the Neolithic transitions to the present remains poorly understood due to the lack of ancient human genomes. This especially holds for key Neolithic transitions and tumultuous turnovers of dynastic history. Here, we report genome-wide data from 69 individuals dating to 5,410-1,345 years before present (BP) at 0.008 to 2.49× coverages, along with 325 present-day individuals collected from 16 cities across Shandong. During the Middle to Late Dawenkou period, we observed a significant influx of ancestry from Neolithic Yellow River farmers in central China and some southern Chinese ancestry that mixed with local hunter-gatherers in Shandong. The genetic heritage of the Shandong Longshan people was found to be most closely linked to the Dawenkou culture. During the Shang to Zhou Dynasties, there was evidence of genetic admixture of local Longshan populations with migrants from the Central Plain. After the Qin to Han Dynasties, the genetic composition of the region began to resemble that of modern Shandong populations. Our genetic findings suggest that the middle Yellow River Basin farmers played a role in shaping the genetic affinity of neighboring populations in northern China during the Middle to Late Neolithic period. Additionally, our findings indicate that the genetic diversity in the Shandong region during the Zhou Dynasty may be linked with their complex ethnicities., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River, which is the upper reach of the Yangtze River in China, play crucial roles in the water security of people living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The construction of 11 dams in this region has significantly altered the aquatic environment. Although researchers have investigated the effects of cascade hydropower station development in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River based on factors such as flow, sediment, and fish, the overall impact of this station on the aquatic environment remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the effects of cascade hydropower station development on the aquatic environment based on three factors: river, aquatic organism, and ecosystem factors. In terms of river factors, the development of cascade hydropower stations increases runoff in the dry season and decreases it in the flood season, leading to sediment deposition and water temperature stratification in cascade reservoirs, and changes in water quality. In terms of aquatic organism factors, cascade hydropower development not only changes the species composition but also reduces biodiversity. Effects of ecosystem factors including the ecological flow, value, and landscape as well as sustainability are summarized, with results indicating positive and negative impacts on river ecosystems. Finally, recommendations for future research on the effects of cascade hydropower development on the aquatic environment of rivers are provided., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Tianjin, a coastal metropolis in north China, has grappled with land subsidence for nearly a century. Yet, emerging evidence suggests a notable decrease in subsidence rates across Tianjin since 2019. This trend is primarily attributed to the importation of surface water from the Yangtze River system via the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, initiated in December 2014. Utilizing Sentinel-1A Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data (2014-2023), this study reveals that one-third of the Tianjin plain has either halted subsidence or experienced land rebound. As a result, the deep aquifer system (~-200 to -450 m) beneath one third of the Tianjin plain has completed a consolidation cycle, leading to the establishment of new, locally specific preconsolidation heads. The identification of the newly established preconsolidation head seeks to answer a crucial question: How can we prevent the reoccurrence of subsidence in areas where it has already ceased? In essence, subsidence will stop when the local hydraulic head elevates to the new preconsolidation head (NPCH), and permanent subsidence will not be reinitiated as long as hydraulic head remains above the NPCH. The difference of the depth between current hydraulic head and the NPCH defines the safe pumping buffer (SPB). This study outlines detailed methods for identifying the NPCHs in the deep aquifer system from long-term InSAR and groundwater-level datasets. Determining NPCHs and ascertaining SPBs are crucial for estimating how much groundwater can be safely extracted without inducing permanent subsidence, and for developing sustainable strategies for long-term groundwater management and conservation., (© 2024 National Ground Water Association.)

Optimizing reservoir drawdown operations holds significant implications for hydropower generation, water supply, and drought mitigation strategies. However, achieving multi-objective optimization in reservoir drawdown operations poses fundamental challenges, particularly considering emergency storage capacity and seasonal drought patterns. This study introduces a novel multi-objective optimization framework tailored for a mega reservoir, focusing on drawdown operations to enhance hydropower generation and water supply reliability. A drawdown operation model leveraging a multi-objective ant lion optimizer is developed to simultaneously maximize reservoir hydropower output and minimize water shortage rates. China's Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), situated over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, constitutes the case study, with the standard operation policy (SOP) serving as a benchmark. Results showcase the efficacy of the proposed method, with substantial improvements observed: a 10.6% increase in hydropower output, a 6.0% reduction in water shortage days, and a 9.5% decrease in minimal reservoir water release compared to SOP. This study provides robust technical and scientific bolster to optimize reservoir ESC and enhance the synergy between hydropower generation, water supply, and drought resilience. Additionally, it offers decision-makers actionable strategies that account for emergency water supply capacities. These strategies aim to support mega reservoir's resilience against extreme drought events facilitating the collaboration between modelers and policy-makers, by means of intelligent optimization and decision-making technologies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Integrated reservoir water quantity and quality management is significant for water supply security and river ecosystem health. However, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of water quality and the nonuniform response of multiple indicators to operation changes make it difficult to determine optimal operation schedules. This study proposes a coupled simulation-surrogate-optimization modeling approach for compromising multiple water quantity and quality targets in reservoir operations. The Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) was used to simulate spatiotemporal reservoir water quality dynamics. Subsequently, an ecological damage assessment method was established, accounting for the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of multiple water quality indicators and the nonlinear relationship between the water quality deterioration and ecological damage. To quickly simulate the ecological damage, a surrogate model was developed using the nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX). Finally, the surrogate model was integrated into a reservoir operation optimization model for compromising socioeconomic and ecological targets. By applying the methods to China's Danjiangkou Reservoir as a case, it was shown that more even nutrient distribution in the reservoir increased water eutrophication area while reducing concentration peak values, which helped decrease the ecological damage. Operation changes could lead to opposite effects on in-reservoir and downstream ecological targets, increasing operation optimization complexity. Both ecological and socioeconomic benefits significantly increased (by 9.4%-16.4%) during dry years under the optimized operation scheme, implying that synergies were obtained. This study offers implications and a management tool for reservoir operations to address the multiple tradeoffs among socioeconomic and ecological benefits., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Human-induced global alterations have worsened the severe decrease in fish biodiversity in rivers. To successfully reduce the pace of reduction in fish diversity, it is crucial to prioritize the understanding of how human activities impact the processes that shape and maintain fish diversity. Traditional fish survey methods are based on catch collection and morphological identification, which is often time-consuming and ineffective. Hence, these methods are inadequate for conducting thorough and detailed large-scale surveys of fish ecology. The rapid progress in molecular biology techniques has transformed environmental DNA (eDNA) technique into a highly promising method for studying fish ecology. In this work, we conducted the first systematic study of fish diversity and its formation and maintenance mechanism in the Xishuangbanna section of the Lancang River using eDNA metabarcoding. The eDNA metabarcoding detected a total of 159 species of freshwater fishes spanning 13 orders, 34 families, and 99 genera. The fishes in the order cypriniformes were shown to be overwhelmingly dominant. At different intensities of anthropogenic activity, we found differences in fish community composition and assembly. The analysis of the Sloan's neutral community model fitting revealed that stochastic processes were the dominant factor in the shaping of fish communities in the Xishuangbanna section of the Lancang River. We have further confirmed this result by using the phylogenetic normalized stochasticity ratio. Furthermore, our findings indicate that as human activities get more intense, the influence of stochastic processes on the shaping of fish communities decreases, while the influence of deterministic processes eventually becomes more prominent. Finally, we discovered that salinity positively correlated with fish community changes in the high-intensity anthropogenic sample sites, but all environmental factors had little effect on fish community changes in the low-intensity and moderate-intensity anthropogenic sample sites. Our study not only validated the potential application of eDNA metabarcoding for monitoring fish diversity in tropical rivers, but also revealed how fish communities respond to human activities. This knowledge will serve as a solid foundation for the protection of fish resources in tropical rivers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors assert that they possess no identifiable personal affiliations or conflicting financial interests that would have exerted an influence on the research undertaken in this study., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the effect of land use/land cover (LULC) and soil depth on soil carbon storage, through the manipulation of external carbon input and turnover processes, is crucial for accurate predictions of regional soil carbon storage. Numerous research investigations have been conducted to examine the impact of LULC on the storage and cycling of carbon in the surface soils of coastal wetlands. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of understanding concerning the implications of this phenomenon on subterranean soils, a crucial factor in discerning the capacity for carbon sequestration in coastal wetlands and implementing measures for their preservation. The study focused on the Yellow River Delta (YRD) in China, which serves as a representative model system. It aimed to assess the impact of LULC as well as soil depth on carbon storage. This was achieved by a combination of remote sensing interpretation and field samplings. The findings of the study indicate that there was an increase in soil organic carbon storage with both the area covered and the depth of the soil across the four different land use types, namely forest, grass, tidal flat, and cultivated land. Cultivated land was identified as the predominant LULC type, encompassing 41.73% of the entire YRD. Furthermore, it accounted for a substantial carbon storage of 76.08%. In comparison to soil layers at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm was discovered to have the maximum carbon storage, accounting for 42.29% of total carbon storage. Furthermore, one of the main factors influencing carbon storage is salinity, which shows a negative association with carbon storage. Moreover, the aforementioned findings underscore the significance of the conjoined physical and chemical properties induced by LULC in influencing the dynamics of soil carbon. This suggests that the inclusion of deep soil carbon in the estimation and restoration of soil carbon storage is necessary. This inclusion will support the realization of the United Nations' "Toward Zero Carbon" effort and facilitate the implementation of China's national carbon neutrality objectives., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Aedes albopictus is an important vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Insecticides are often the most effective tools for rapidly decreasing the density of vector populations, especially during arbovirus disease outbreaks. However, the intense use of insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, has led to the selection of resistant mosquito populations worldwide. Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene are one of the main drivers of insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus and are also known as "knockdown resistance" (kdr) mutations. Knowledge about genetic mutations associated with insecticide resistance is a prerequisite for developing techniques for rapid resistance diagnosis. Here, we report studies on the origin and dispersion of kdr haplotypes in samples of Ae. albopictus from the Yangtze River Basin, China; METHODS: Here, we report the results of PCR genotyping of kdr mutations in 541 Ae. albopictus specimens from 22 sampling sites in 7 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Basin. Partial DNA sequences of domain II and domain III of the VGSC gene were amplified. These DNA fragments were subsequently sequenced to discover the possible genetic mutations mediating knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids. The frequency and distribution of kdr mutations were assessed in 22 Ae. albopictus populations. Phylogenetic relationships among the haplotypes were used to infer whether the kdr mutations had a single or multiple origins; RESULTS: The kdr mutation at the 1016 locus had 2 alleles with 3 genotypes: V/V (73.38%), V/G (26.43%) and G/G (0.18%). The 1016G homozygous mutation was found in only one case in the CQSL strain in Chongqing, and no 1016G mutations were detected in the SHJD (Shanghai), NJDX (Jiangsu) or HBQN (Hubei) strains. A total of 1532 locus had two alleles and three genotypes, I/I (88.35%), I/T (8.50%) and T/T (3.14%). A total of 1534 locus had four alleles and six genotypes: F/F (49.35%), F/S (19.96%), F/C (1.48%) and F/L (0.18%); S/S (23.66%); and C/C (5.36%). Haplotypes with the F1534C mutation were found only in Ae. albopictus populations in Chongqing and Hubei, and C1534C was found only in three geographic strains in Chongqing. Haplotypes with the 1534S mutation were found only in Ae. albopictus populations in Sichuan and Shanghai. F1534L was found only in HBYC. The Ae. albopictus populations in Shanghai were more genetically differentiated from those in the other regions (except Sichuan), and the genetic differentiation between the populations in Chongqing and those in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Huber, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Anhui) was lower. Shanghai and Sichuan displayed low haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison revealed that the 1016 locus was divided into three branches, with the Clade A and Clade B branches bearing the 1016 mutation occurring mostly in Jiangsu and the Clade C branch bearing the 1016 mutation occurring mostly in Chongqing, suggesting at least two origins for 1016G. IIIS6 phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison revealed that F1534S, F1534C and I1532T can be divided into two branches, indicating that IIIS6 has two origins; CONCLUSIONS: Combined with the distribution of kdr mutations and the analysis of population genetics, we infer that besides the local selection of pyrethroid resistance mutations, dispersal and colonization of Ae. albopictus from other regions may explain why kdr mutations are present in some Ae. albopictus populations in the Yangtze River Basin., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Climate change has exacerbated the frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall, which has led to the perpetuation of flooding as a hazard to humans and society. China has begun to consider introducing Flood drainage rights (FDR), a sustainable flood control measure, into non-engineering measures as a complement to engineering measures for flood control. FDR represent the right of regions to discharge regional floodwaters caused by extreme rainfall into the river, and are the primary means of controlling the amount of floodwaters from regions when regional flood capacity is exceeded. However, existing studies on quantitative FDR allocation still have limitations, and some previous methods have resulted in allocation schemes that are not entirely reasonable and fair because they do not comprehensively consider the influencing factors of FDR or the allocation method is unreasonable. This paper explores the impact of flooding on rural and agricultural areas. We incorporate the factors of agricultural economy and security and construct a system of the allocation indicators of FDR composed of five principles: Natural Environmental Endowment, General Economic and Social Development, Agricultural Economy and Security, Macro policy regulation, and Respect for Historical Background. Second, considering the influence of expert judgment and data of different time nodes on the allocation of FDR, we introduce the concepts of expert weight and time weight into the allocation model of FDR, and construct a new set of framework for the allocation of FDR, i.e., "[(expert weight + subjective weight)+(time weight + objective weight)]+decision making model ". To reduce the loss of information during the transformation of subjective judgments, we also introduced triangular fuzzy numbers for the transformation between expert judgments and numbers. Finally, we take the five provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River as an example. Using the data from 2010 to 2021, we obtain the final allocation scheme (proportion) of FDR as Henan (33.26%) > Shaanxi (23.08%) > Inner Mongolia (21.31%) > Shanxi (14.44%) > Shandong (7.91%). On this basis, this paper utilizes sensitivity analysis and comparative validation to demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of the method, and identifies several indicators that have a greater impact on the results of the allocation of FDR. FDR can form part of a set of integrated flood management system together with flood control projects, which greatly alleviates the drainage conflicts arising from flooding caused by extreme precipitation. Under extreme rainfall conditions, FDR improves drainage efficiency and minimizes the overall damage caused by flooding in the watershed. This study can contribute to the sustainable development of the watershed and provide a reference for the promotion and utilization of sustainable flood control measures., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The coupled and coordinated development of the digital economy and tourism economy has become an inevitable choice for achieving high-quality development in both sectors. This paper proposes a conceptual index system using entropy weight method and coupling coordination degree model for analysis of the coupling coordination relationship between digital economy and tourism economy. After that, the paper introduces the Moran's Index to examines the spatial heterogeneous effects of coupling coordination degree. This framework is applied to 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region during 2011-2021. The results show that the temporal changes of the coupling coordination relationship between digital economy and tourism economy in 41 cities are quite satisfactory, while the regional differences are large. Furthermore, the coupling degree between digital economy and tourism economy shows the strong spatial agglomeration effect, and the spatial proximity of regions with similar integration indicates that the "Matthew Effect" gradually highlights the clustering of high and low levels. Based on the results of analysis, this paper finally puts forward several policy recommendations to provide a referential path for the integration of digital economy and tourism., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Logistics resilience is a significant representation of sustainable development ability and a necessary support for high-quality economic development. In order to explore the influencing factors and realization mechanism of the improvement of logistics resilience of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the high-quality and sustainable development of the economy, this paper comprehensively considers factors of the supply and demand relationship of the logistics market, industrial structure and ecological environment, and evaluates the urban logistics resilience of the Yangtze River Economic Belt by using POI data and statistical data. Combined with the spatial Durbin model, the influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of inter-city logistics resilience were revealed. This study found that the urban logistics resilience in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River has been high. Except Chongqing and Shanghai, the COVID-19 epidemic happened in 2020 led to a significant decrease in logistics resilience. In the meanwhile, every 1% increase in the logistics resilience of the city will promote the logistics resilience of the adjacent cities by 0.145%. Economic condition and urban development potential have positive effects on logistics resilience of the city and its adjacent cities. The economic condition has a direct effect coefficient of 0.166 and an indirect effect coefficient of 0.181, The direct and indirect effects of urban development potential are significantly positive, and the coefficients are 0.001 and 0.006, respectively. The level of information, government support and ability of technological innovation are helpful for the improvement of urban logistics resilience while hindering the enhancement of logistics resilience in adjacent cities. The research area can be extended in the future and more influencing factors can be considered in the future., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Zhang, Huang. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) ports are pivotal in shaping the Yangtze River Economic Belt and advancing urban economies across China. This article utilizes panel data from 20 cities with ports in the YRD area, spanning from 2011 to 2020, using the spatial Durbin model to explore how these ports influence urban economic growth. The findings indicate that: (1) The YRD ports significantly contribute to economic growth in both the port cities and their surrounding areas, with the indirect impact on neighboring cities being more substantial than the direct effect on the cities themselves; (2) The beneficial spillover effects of the YRD ports on the economic growth of nearby cities vary in intensity over different spatial ranges, marked by distinct boundary effects and geographical attenuation. The influence extends up to approximately 110km; (3) Within the various elements impacting the economic growth of cities in the YRD, financial development prominently exhibits a threshold effect on urban economic growth; (4) Upon analyzing heterogeneity, inland and coastal port cities manifest divergent spillover effects, with inland port cities predominantly exerting a positive spillover on adjacent regions. Accordingly, in order to eventually achieve the shared prosperity of the region's economy, it is recommended that a strong top-level design be established and that efforts be made to transform the YRD region into a core region a diffusion and driving effect., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Hou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) significantly impacts most coastal waters. However, its quantification, depending on chemical tracers/proxies, limits its parameterization in numerical models. This study explored the hydrographic proxies of SGD in the Jiulong River estuary (JRE) using 226 Ra and 228 Ra as SGD tracers. Our results showed significant monthly fluctuations in the flux of SGD, with a peak in June and a minimum in April. On average, the flux of SGD was equivalent to 10 ± 1.67 % of the concurrent river discharge, with the area-normalized rate of 0.007 ± 0.017 to 0.13 ± 0.04 m/day. Positive SGD response to river discharge implies a connection with the surface runoff of the shallow aquifers. Furthermore, the flux of SGD presented a significant negative correlation with the return flow factor and flushing time of the estuary. The radium activities in the estuary were positively correlated with water depth, indicating that SGD was not driven by tidal pumping. Instead, physical mixing in low to middle salinity regions predominated such behavior of radium. Our results indicate that river discharge, flushing time and return flow factor may serve as hydrographic proxies of SGD in the JRE and potentially be applicable in parameterization of SGD in numerical models in similar coastal ecosystems. Globally, a positive correlation between SGD flux and river discharge emphasizes the latter as a general proxy in estuaries., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Microplastics pose a serious ecological threat to rivers in China, and the construction of a large number of dams has complicated this problem. Ten dams of the Shaying River were chosen to investigate the abundance and composition of microplastics in surface water and sediments of the reservoir and upstream river. Ecological risk was evaluated using species sensitive distribution （SSD） and pollution load index （PLI）. The results showed that the Shaying River was exposed to a severe risk of microplastics from upstream to downstream. The construction of dams did not significantly affect the distribution of microplastics in the river. River sediments became a sink for microplastics in the surface water； however, the ecological risk posed by microplastics in the surface water was greater, and the comparison of the two assessment methods showed that the species sensitivity distribution assessment better reflected the accumulation and feeding behavior of organisms to pollutants compared to the pollution load index.

Majority of macrozooplankton have a wider dietary niche breadth and utilize small invertebrates, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton, so effect on primary production might be through trophic cascading effect. To better understand the ecosystem structure of benthic oyster-macroalgae reefs, we analyzed zooplankton community structure before (July 2016) and after (from September 2016 to October 2017) the construction of benthic reefs in the 2 km2 sea ranch area in Xiangyun Cove, Tangshan, China. We identified 57 zooplankton species, including the 12 cnidarian (e.g., Clytia hemisphaerica Linnaeus and Eirene ceylonensis Browne), 1 ctenopharyngodon (Pleurobrachia globosa Moser), 24 crustacean (e.g., Calanus sinicus Brodsky, Paracalanus parvus Claus, Labibocera euchaeta Glesbrecht, Labibocera bipinnata Tanaka, Calanopia thompsoni Scott, and Centropages dorsispinatus Thompson), 1 chaetognath (Sagitta crassa Tokioka), 1 urochordate species (Oikopleura dioica Fol), and 18 species of planktonic polychaete and gastropod larvae. The zooplankton density and biomass values before reef construction were 266.14 ind/m3 and 2.72 mg/m3, respectively, and those after reef construction were 138.06 ind/m3 and 32.91 mg/m3, respectively. The biomass trend was as follow: October 2017 (89.08 mg/m3) > August 2017 (70.97) > September 2016 (3.17) > July 2016 (2.72) > June 2017 (0.86) > May 2017 (0.44). The common dominant organisms were crustaceans and chaetognaths. According to the RDA ranking results, water temperature was positively correlated with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef's richness indexes. With the increasement of Margalef's richness index, the value of dissolved oxygen content showed a significant negative correlation with zooplankton abundance. The results of this study are applicable to sustainable development and management strategies of coastal reef ecosystems and provide a basis for further surveys of secondary productivity in the sea ranch area., Competing Interests: NO authors have competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The enhancement and improvement of China's high-speed rail network plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable economic growth in the region. By utilizing "new nighttime light data" in China's Yangtze River Delta from 2003 to 2018, this paper investigates the impact of HSR on economic growth using a multiperiod difference-in-differences (DID) model. The operations of high-speed rail have a significant and positive impact on economic growth, which often becomes more apparent with a certain time delay. The operations of high-speed rail have a significant positive impact on the development of large, mega, and super-cities, with this impact becoming more pronounced as the size of the city increases. Furthermore, high-speed rail operations have a significant influence on the economic growth of cities that largely rely on secondary and tertiary industries, in contrast to the primary industry. The promotion of economic growth by high-speed rail is primarily achieved through three transmission channels: low carbon emissions, labor force agglomeration, and innovation. Over time, high-speed rail will progressively reduce economic disparities between regions and facilitate a trend towards regional economic coordination or convergence. This study makes a valuable contribution to the exploration of pathways towards achieving economic growth., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Urban flooding intensifies with escalating urbanization. This study focuses on Xiong'er river as the study area and couples a 1D/2D urban flooding model using InfoWorks ICM (Integrated Catchment Modeling). Ten scenarios are set respectively with a rainfall return period of 5a 10a, 20a, 50a, and 100a, alongside rainfall durations of 1 and 24 h. Subsequently, the H-V (hazard-vulnerability) method was applied to evaluate urban flooding risk. Three indicators were selected for each of hazard factors and vulnerability factors. The relative weight values of each indicator factor were calculated using the AHP method. The result shows that (1) flood depth, rate, and duration escalate with longer rainfall return periods, yet decrease as the duration of rainfall increases; (2) as the rainfall return period lengthens, the proportion of node overflow rises, whereas it diminishes with longer rainfall durations, leading to an overall overloaded state in the pipeline network; and (3) the distribution in the research area is mainly low-risk areas, with very few extremely high-risk. Medium to high-risk areas are mainly distributed on both sides of the river, in densely built and low-lying urban areas. This study demonstrates that the model can accurately simulate urban flooding and provide insights for flood analyses in comparable regions., Competing Interests: The authors declare there will be no conflict., (© 2024 The Authors This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying, adaptation and redistribution, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)

Climate change and intensified human activities are exacerbating the frequency and severity of extreme precipitation events, necessitating more precise and timely flood risk assessments. Traditional models often fail to dynamically and accurately assess flood risks due to their static nature and limited handling of spatiotemporal variations. This study confronts these challenges head-on by developing a novel coupled hydrological-hydrodynamic model integrated with a Block-wise use of the TOPMODEL (BTOP) and the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model. This integrated approach enables the rapid acquisition of high-precision flood inundation simulation results across large-scale basins, addressing a significant gap in dynamic flood risk assessment and zoning. A critical original achievement of this research lies in developing and implementing a comprehensive vertical-horizontal combined weighting method that incorporates spatiotemporal information for dynamic evaluation indicators, significantly enhancing the accuracy and rationality of flood risk assessments. This innovative method successfully addresses the challenges posed by objective and subjective weighting methods, presenting a balanced and robust framework for flood risk evaluation. The findings from the Min River Basin in China, as a case study, demonstrate the effectiveness of the BTOP-RRI model in capturing the complex variations in runoff and the detailed simulations of flood processes. The model accurately identifies the timing of these peaks, offering insights into the dynamic evolution of flood risks and providing a more precise and timely assessment tool for policymakers and disaster management authorities. The flood risk assessment results demonstrate good consistency with the actual regional conditions. In particular, high-risk areas exhibit distinct characteristics along the river channel, with the distribution area significantly increasing with a sudden surge in runoff. Intense precipitation events expand areas classified as moderate and high risk, gradually shrinking as precipitation levels decrease. This study significantly advances flood risk assessment methodologies by integrating cutting-edge modeling techniques with comprehensive weighting strategies. This is essential for improving the scientific foundation and decision-making processes in regional flood control efforts., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Accurate quantification of flow dynamics during reservoir ecological scheduling hinders the maintenance of normal reproductive activities in downstream riverine fish. This study proposed a quantitative method for determining the flow rate changes in reservoir ecological scheduling. The approach utilized the daily flow rate and daily flow-rate increment to characterize the flow process. Adopting the perspective of shifting spawning grounds of adhesive egg-laying fish species in response to flow rate variations, we introduced the Spawning Ground Overlap Rate as an indicator and utilized it to determine flow rate changes. Focusing on the downstream area of the Yangqu Hydropower Station in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, we calculated the distribution of spawning grounds and the Spawning Ground Overlap Rate in the region. We set a threshold for the Spawning Ground Overlap Rate to restrict the flow rate changes. The results indicated that during the fish spawning period, the ecological flow range in the downstream area of the Yangqu Dam was 480-1200 m 3 /s. It was required to maintain a daily flow rate change of less than 49.45 m3/(s·d) and a maximum seven-day flow difference of less than 227.76 m3/s to maintain the optimal level of spawning ground overlap rate. Additionally, it was necessary to keep the daily flow rate change below 123.83 m3/(s·d) and the maximum seven-day flow difference below 368.84 m3/s to maintain the minimum spawning ground overlap rate. The findings provide foundational data for determining flow dynamics during the ecological scheduling of the spawning period for viscous-spawning fish., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Priority ecological reserves (PER) aim to protect areas with significant ecological value and crucial ecological functions, optimizing resource allocation to maximize the benefits of ecological conservation. However, most previous studies have considered only ecosystem services (ESs) in delineating PER, neglecting eco-environmental quality (EEQ). This study used the Remote Sensing-based Ecological Index (RSEI) to represent EEQ and combined it with ESs to delineate PER at the county scale in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). Additionally, it employed Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression to identify the driving factors influencing the ESs and EEQ of PER. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, both RSEI and the Comprehensive ESs (CES) in the YRB exhibited a fluctuating upward trend; (2) Three types of PER were extracted, with ESs reserve mainly distributed in the upstream region, EEQ reserve primarily in the middle and lower reaches, and integrated ecological reserve mainly in the midstream region, all dominated by vegetation land-use types; (3) Within the extracted PER, RSEI was mainly influenced by soil, aspect, population (pop), PM2.5, temperature (tmp), and potential evapotranspiration (pet), while CES was affected by soil, pop, PM2.5, slope, tmp, precipitation, and pet. To enhance the EEQ and ESs of the YRB, it was recommended to incorporate at least 105,379 km 2 into the existing protected areas in the YRB. These areas should be subdivided based on their ecological status, with specific management measures for different types of PER. This study provides recommendations for environmental protection and land planning in the YRB, actively responding to current policies on high-quality development and ecological environmental protection in the YRB., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study examines diatom assemblages in the Matsu Archipelago, an area influenced by Minjiang River runoff. It focuses on harmful algal blooms (HABs) that occurred between August 2021 and July 2022. Utilizing 18S rRNA metabarcoding and microscopic analysis, we observed a significant diatom bloom during early summer runoff, peaking at 5 × 10 5 cells L -1 . The research reveals dynamic community changes during the runoff season, with dominant genera including Pseudo-nitzschia, Chaetoceros, and Skeletonema. Skeletonema cell density correlated with NO 3 levels, Chaetoceros had a slight PO 4 affinity, and Pseudo-nitzschia showed a negative correlation with Skeletonema. Pseudo-nitzschia, which prefers high light and pH conditions, had notably high concentrations in the flood season and in the autumn. In both, it was dominated by potential toxin-producing species - P. multistriata and P. pungens during the flooding, and P. cuspidate in the autumn. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between diatom dynamics and environmental factors, providing essential insights for managing HABs, especially Pseudo-nitzschia species, amidst environmental changes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Payment for watershed ecosystem services (PES) has been applied to water conservation and poverty reduction in an increasing number of developing countries. This study evaluates the effect of payment for watershed ecosystem services on farmers' income in conservation intervention areas using a difference-in-differences model and a panel dataset that covers 18 countries in the Xin'an River Basin in China for fourteen consecutive years (2006-2019). The results show that PES programs increase farmers' income and that the poverty reduction effect is sustainable. The PES programs mainly increase the farmers' income in conservation intervention areas through two paths: triggering the transfer of agricultural labor and promoting agricultural restructuring. PES programs are pro-poor and more conducive to increasing the income of farmers in upstream regions and counties with lower levels of economic development. This paper reveals the specific role played by PES in promoting rural poverty reduction in developing countries, providing insights into alleviating the contradiction between poverty and watershed ecosystem protection., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Plateau river ecosystems are often highly vulnerable and responsive to environmental change. The driving mechanism of fish diversity and community assembly in plateau rivers under changing environments presents a significant complexity to the interdisciplinary study of ecology and environment. This study integrated molecular biological techniques and mathematical models to identify the mechanisms influencing spatial heterogeneity of freshwater fish diversity and driving fish community assembly in plateau rivers. By utilizing environmental-DNA metabarcoding and the null model, this study revealed the impact of the stochastic process on fish diversity variations and community assembly in the Huangshui Plateau River of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) in China. This research identified 30 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which correspond to 20 different fish species. The findings of this study revealed that the fish α-diversity in the upstream region of Xining is significantly higher than in the middle-lower reach (Shannon index: P = 0.017 and Simpson: P = 0.035). This pattern was not found to be related to any other environmental factors besides altitude (P = 0.023) that we measured. Further, the study indicated that the assembly of fish communities in the Huangshui River primarily depends on stochastic ecological processes. These findings suggested that elevation was not the primary factor impacting the biodiversity patterns of fish in plateau rivers. In plateau rivers, spatial heterogeneity of fish community on elevation is mainly determined by stochastic processes under habitat fragmentation, rather than any other physicochemical environmental factors. The limitations of connectivity in the downstream channel of the river could be taken the mainly responsibility for stochastic processes of fish community in Huangshui River. Incorporating ecological processes in the eDNA approach holds great potential for future monitoring and evaluation of fish biodiversity and community assembly in plateau rivers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

To date, land use structure information has been employed extensively for ecological risk assessment (ERA) purpose in regional/landscape scales; in contrast, land use function (LUF) information-based ERA research is still scarce. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out more ERA case studies in macroscale with the help of pertinent LUF indicators. As an important way to construct production-living-ecology LUF indexes, this study employs the weighted stacking method and related economic statistical data for regional ecological risk assessment (RERA) purpose within Yellow River Delta High-efficiency Eco-economic Zone (YRDHEZ), China. This YRDHEZ-RERA research pointed out that (1) it was rational to use a series of economic statistical data to more comprehensively and precisely characterize regional production and living function grades in YRDHEZ. (2) The Yellow River Delta had lower agriculture and non-agriculture production functions, whereas the rest of the zone had higher production functions. (3) Most people lived in the south part, whereas north coastal zone had very low population density; the east part had higher per capita disposable income of urban/rural households than that of west. (4) The south part of the zone had higher production/living functions and integrated ecological risk source intensity than those of north coastal zone, whereas the coastal zone had higher ecology function, eco-environmental vulnerability, and final integrated ecological risk than those of inland region. As for regional ecological risk management, establishing nature reserve with strict spatial governance for coastal/estuarine wetlands and coordinating production/ecology functions of coastal salterns/breeding ponds are relevant feasible measures., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Industrial water saving is an objective requirement for the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, as water resource is the largest rigid constraint. In this study, water resources input-output model, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) and structural path analysis (SPA) were constructed to decompose the driving factors of total water use in typical water-deficient provinces (Ningxia, Shanxi, and Henan) in China's Yellow River Basin, to calculate their water use at each production stage and identify their key water-saving pathways. The results were as follows: (i) Water intensity had the most obvious impact on total water saving, resulting in efficiency improvements of 81.39%, 9.21%, and 78.45% for each province, respectively. The next factor was the final demand structure, which suppressed total water-saving efforts by 24.23%, 11.52%, and 113.12% in the respective provinces. (ii) The key water-saving paths in the typical water-deficient provinces of the Yellow River Basin were primarily centered around Sector 1. (iii) Water intensity had a strong water-saving effect on the key paths in the three provinces, with contribution rates of 100.42%, 59.02%, and 42.34% for Ningxia, Henan, and Shanxi, respectively. Final demand also contributed to water-saving in the key paths of Shanxi and Henan, with contribution rates of 35.06% and 28.23%, respectively. However, it inhibited water-saving efforts in the key paths of Ningxia, reducing it by 8.64%. Policy measures should be tailored to local conditions., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Shi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Tamarix austromongolica is endemic to the Yellow River Basin and has adapted to diverse ecological settings in the region, including the arid areas of northwestern China and the saline soil regions of the Yellow River Delta. However, the genetic basis of its local adaptation remains unclear. We report a chromosome-level assembly of the T. austromongolica genome based on PacBio high-fidelity sequencing and Hi-C technology. The 12 pseudochromosomes cover 98.44% of the 1.32 Gb assembly, with a contig N50 of 52.57 Mb and a BUSCO score of 98.2%. The genome comprises 913.6 Mb (68.83%) of repetitive sequences and 22,374 protein-coding genes. Genome evolution analyses suggest that genes under positive selection and significantly expanded gene families have facilitated T. austromongolica's adaptability to diverse environmental factors and high resistance to diseases. Using genotyping-by-sequencing, we conducted population structure and selection analyses of 114 samples from 15 sites. Two genetic groups were identified, and 114 and 289 candidate genes were assigned to the populations of the northwestern and eastern parts of the Yellow River, respectively. Furthermore, we discovered numerous candidate genes associated with high-altitude adaptability and salt tolerance. This research provides valuable genomic resources for the evolutionary study and genetic breeding of tamarisk., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute.)

Importance: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a neglected zoonotic disease, has received only short-term attention in postflood prevention and control initiatives, possibly because of a lack of evidence regarding the long-term association of flooding with HFRS., Objectives: To quantify the association between severe floods and long-term incidence of HFRS in the Yangtze River basin and to examine the modifying role of geographical factors in this association., Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study collected data on HFRS cases between July 1, 2013, and June 30, 2019, from 58 cities in 4 provinces (Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi) in the Yangtze River basin of China, with a breakpoint of flooding in July 2016, generating monthly data. The 3 years after July 2016 were defined as the postflood period, while the 3 years before the breakpoint were defined as the control period. Statistical analysis was performed from October to December 2023., Exposures: City-level monthly flooding, elevation, ruggedness index, and closest distance from each city to the Yangtze River and its tributaries., Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcomes were the number of city-level monthly HFRS cases and the number of type 1 (spring or summer) and type 2 (autumn or winter) HFRS cases., Results: A total of 11 745 patients with HFRS were reported during the study period: 5216 patients (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [16.2] years; 3737 men [71.6%]) in the control period and 6529 patients (mean [SD] age, 49.8 [15.8] years; 4672 men [71.6%]) in the postflood period. The pooled effects of interrupted time series analysis indicated a long-term association between flooding and HFRS incidence (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13-1.68), with type 1 cases being at highest risk (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.40-2.09). The metaregression results indicated that elevation and ruggedness index were negatively associated with the risk of HFRS, while the distance to rivers interacted with these associations., Conclusions and Relevance: This cross-sectional study of the long-term association between flooding and HFRS incidence, as well as the modification effects of geographical factors, suggests that severe floods were associated with an increased risk of HFRS within 3 years. This study provides evidence for the development of HFRS prevention and control strategies after floods.

Plastic pollution has emerged as a global environmental concern, impacting both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, understanding of plastic sources and transport mechanism at the catchment scale remains limited. This study introduces a multi-source plastic yield and transport model, which integrates catchment economic activities, climate data, and hydrological processes. Model parameters were calibrated using a combination of field observations, existing literature, and statistical random sampling techniques. The model demonstrated robust performance in simulating both plastic yield and transport from 2010 to 2020 in the upper and middle Mulan River Catchment, located in southeast China. The annual average yield coefficients were found to closely align with existing estimations, and the riverine outflow exhibited a high correlation coefficient of 0.97, with biases ranging from -63.0 % to -21.4 % across all monitoring stations. The analysis reveals that, on average, 12.5 ± 2.5 % of the total plastic yield is transported to rivers annually, with solid waste identified as the primary source, accounting for 37.8 ± 20.7 % of the total load to rivers, followed by agricultural film (26.4 ± 9.8 %), impermeable surfaces (21.5 ± 10.3 %), urban and rural sewage (10.4 ± 5.0 % and 3.0 ± 1.5 %, respectively), and industrial wastewater (0.9 ± 0.7 %). The annual average outflow was estimated to between 9.3 and 43.0 ton/year (median: 23.1) at a 95 % confidence level. This study not only provides insights into the primary sources and transport pathways of plastic pollution at the catchment scale, but also offers a valuable tool for informing effective plastic pollution mitigation strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

With economic and societal development, the ecological environment of the Yellow River Delta-Laizhou Bay coastal zone has been seriously damaged. Exploring the changes in land use and ecosystem service value (ESV) is essential to ecological construction of the region. The random forest classification method was used for land cover interpretation of the four periods of remote sensing images in the study area from 1990 to 2020. Newly calculated regional difference coefficients and social development coefficients were used to construct a dynamic ESV assessment model and to study its changes from overall and sea‒land gradient perspectives. The results showed that construction land, salt pans, aquaculture ponds, and inland water masses expanded rapidly, while cropland, tidal flats, and shallow waters shrank sharply over the past 30 years. The ESV in the study area has continued to decrease from 34.47 billion yuan in 1990 to 25.23 billion yuan in 2020, a total decrease of 9.23 billion yuan. This is mostly due to the encroachment of construction land, salt pans, and aquaculture ponds, and the flow of ecosystem services from high-value land cover types (tidal flats, herbaceous wetlands, and cropland) to medium- and low-value land cover types. Moreover, the land cover transfer and ESVs exhibited a decreasing trend from sea to land, with significant sea-land gradient differences. Land conversion is most common in the 0-15 km coastal zone, mainly from natural wetlands to artificial wetlands, where the ESV also decreases rapidly. Considering the regional differences and social development in this paper, the ESV of small-scale areas can be reasonably evaluated to explore the characteristics and causes of changes in land use and ESVs, which can provide an important reference for ecological protection and land use management in the region., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

With the increasing urban environmental problems, spontaneous vegetation has been gradually emphasized for high ecological value, whose distribution has been reported as strongly influenced by fine-scale environmental factors. As one of the major zones for urban spontaneous vegetation distribution, urban riparian corridors are well suited for research on the response of spontaneous plants to microhabitats. Taking the Wenyu River-North Canal in Beijing as the study site, we measured six microhabitat factors, including the level of maintenance and visitor activity, canopy density, litter thickness, and distance to water and road, to investigate their effects on spontaneous plant assemblages. The results showed that spontaneous plants respond significantly to fine-scale habitat variation, and were more responsive to human disturbance than other factors. Compared with diversity indicators, the functional trait compositions were more significantly correlated with microhabitat factors. Under lower maintenance of plants, the spontaneous communities had a higher invasion risk for plants. Thick litter can impede the occurrence of invasive species while favoring the growth of native ones. Our findings are important for furthering understanding of the spontaneous plant community establishment, and can serve as a good reference for the maintenance and management of spontaneous plants in urban riparian corridors., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The enhancement of regional comprehensive development ability is significantly impacted by the study on the implementation effect of regional integration strategies. The integration strategy's impact on urban development during COVID-19 in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) is unclear. According to prior industrial transfer theory, Hefei, Anhui's capital, is difficult to transfer industries, and other YRD cities push industry integration in Anhui. This study employs the theory of economic and land resource use to examine the resilience of the industrial economy during an epidemic by using industrial land as a representation of industrial economic development. The three cities in Anhui-Wuhu, Maanshan, and Chuzhou (Wu-ma-Chu) were selected as the research area. The study employed the UNet deep learning method to detect the land use types in Wu-ma-Chu. The land transfer matrix and the standard deviation ellipse were utilised to research the alterations in industrial land use and the spatial distribution of industrial output value, respectively. The results showed that the industrial land in Machu continued to grow during the outbreak, highlighting the resilience of the region's industrial economy. During 2019-2022, the elliptical ring of industrial output value is distributed in Nanjing, revealing the radiating role of Nanjing in integrating into the integration of the YRD. This confirms China's YRD integration strategy, strengthens regional economic resilience, and encourages coordinated regional economic development., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Clarifying vegetation changes and the driving factors can provide references for ecological restoration and sustainable social development. We analyzed vegetation distribution and trend changes in Henan Province and its basin zoning (Haihe River basin zoning, Yellow River basin zoning, Huaihe River basin zoning, Yangtze River basin zoning), with fractional vegetation cover data from 2000 to 2020 based on the Google Earth Engine platform, and by combining Theil-Sen Median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, and Hurst index. We also utilized factor detection and factor interaction to explore the individual and mutual influences of natural and anthropogenic factors on vegetation at different scales. The results showed that the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in Henan Province exhibited a distribution pattern of higher coverage in the south and lower in the north during the study period, predominantly characterized by moderate to high vegetation coverage. The Yangtze River basin zoning had the highest coverage. FVC in Henan Province and its zoning exhibited a consistent pattern of fluctuating upward trends, with all areas showing significant improvement. Particularly, the Yangtze River basin zoning had the largest area of improvement. According to the Hurst index, apart from the possibility of continued improvement in the Huaihe River basin zoning, other zoning would be likely to shift from improvement to degradation in the future. Vegetation changes in Henan Province and its zoning were the result of combined effects of anthropogenic and natural factors, with the influence of these factors changing over time and the dominant factors varying by region. Anthropogenic factors such as land use/cover type and nighttime lighting had a stronger impact on vegetation than natural factors like elevation, slope, and annual mean low temperature. The interaction between factors, particularly between anthropogenic and natural factors, exhibited a nonlinear enhancing pattern.

N -nitrosamines are a type of nitrogen-containing organic pollutant with high carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In the main drinking water sources of small and medium-sized towns in China, the contamination levels of N -nitrosamines remain unclear. In addition, there is still lack of research on the concentration of N -nitrosamines and their precursors in tributary rivers. In this study, eight N -nitrosamines and their formation potentials （FPs） were investigated in the Qingjiang River, which is a primary tributary of the Yangtze River. The sewage discharge sites were also monitored, and the environmental influencing factors, carcinogenic and ecological risks caused by N -nitrosamines, and their precursors were evaluated. The results showed that six N -nitrosamines were detected in water samples of the Qingjiang River, among which NDMA [（10 ±15） ng·L -1 ], NDEA [（9.3 ±9.3） ng·L -1 ], and NDBA [（14 ±7.8） ng·L -1 ] were the dominant N -nitrosamines, whereas seven N -nitrosamines were detected in chloraminated water samples, among which NDMA-FP [（46 ±21） ng·L -1 ], NDEA-FP [（26 ±8.3） ng·L -1 ], and NDBA-FP [（22 ±13） ng·L -1 ] were the dominant N -nitrosamine FPs. The concentrations of N -nitrosamines in the middle reaches of the Qingjiang River were higher than those in the upper and lower reaches. Furthermore, the concentrations of N -nitrosamines in the sample sites of sewage discharge and tributaries were significantly higher than those in other sampling sites. The monitoring results at the direct sewage discharge points indicated that the main source of N -nitrosamines in river water was the sewage carrying N -nitrosamines and their precursors. In addition, the concentrations of the three dominant N -nitrosamines including NDMA, NDBA, and NDEA were positively correlated with each other, mainly because of their similar sewage sources. The average carcinogenic risk to residents due to N -nitrosamine in drinking water sources was 2.4×10 -5 , indicating a potential carcinogenic risk. Moreover, due to the high concentrations of N -nitrosamine formation potentials in the Qingjiang River, the carcinogenic risk of drinking water may be even higher. The ecological risk assessment showed that the ecological risk quotient values of N -nitrosamines in the Qingjiang River watershed were lower than 0.002, which was negligible.

Dangerous biological agents （DBAs） refer to microorganisms, toxins, and other biological substances that have the potential to cause significant harm to humans, animals, plants, and the environment. They are the primary target of the prevention and response in China's Biosafety Law, and it is of great importance to clarify the characteristics of DBAs in the Beijing suburban rivers for the insurance of the water safety in Beijing. The typical Beijing suburban rivers （Mangniu River, Chaohe River, and Baihe River） were selected, and the occurrence and distribution of DBAs concerning the molecular biology composition as the nucleic acid （antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs）, nucleic acid and proteins （viruses）, and intact cellular structures （pathogens） were determined based on the metagenomics. The results showed that there was a high abundance of multidrug-resistant ARGs in the water and substrates of the urban river； on average, they made up 74.11% ±6.82% of the total, and the abundance of aminoglycoside and MLS （macrolide-lincosamide-streptomycin）-resistant ARGs was the highest, but the predominant subtypes of ARGs were of low risk and had limited transmission potential. The viruses in the tributary mainly belonged to the phages, most of which were Kyanoviridae and Peduoviridae, with averages of 16.98% ±8.44% and 16.19% ±10.79%, respectively. Eukaryotic viral populations consisted mainly of members from the Mimiviridae and Phycodnaviridae families, with averages of 10.37% ±12.68% and 8.34% ±6.97%, respectively, whereas there were few viruses related to human and animal diseases. The pathogenic bacteria mainly contained Neisseria meningitidis , Brucella suis , Salmonella enterica, and Burkholderia pseudomalle , with averages of 19.17% ±3.63%, 12.76% ±2.88%, 11.22% ±1.95%, and 8.26% ±1.84%, respectively. The composition and abundance of pathogenic bacteria varied significantly among different tributaries and locations, possibly owing to water quality, pollution sources, environmental factors, and human activities. These findings can provide data support for the water safety management and biological risk control of Beijing suburban rivers.

Necrophagous beetles are sometimes used to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMI min ) in the decay and remains stages of a corpse. Among these, the Dermestidae is one of the most common groups used and therefore has important research and application value. In this study, the developmental events of Dermestes maculatus de Geer, 1774, were recorded at six constant temperatures, and isomorphen diagrams were established. The thermobiological parameters were estimated using linear and non-linear models, and morphological indicators such as larval body length were measured. The results showed that the developmental duration of the whole immature stage decreased from 66.13 ± 8.58 days at 19 °C to 21.9 ± 2.01 days at 34 °C. The survival rate of the immature stages, especially the egg stage, varies greatly with temperature, with the lowest survival observed at 34 °C and the highest at 22 °C. The lower developmental threshold, the intrinsic optimum temperature, and the upper lethal developmental threshold obtained by the curvilinear Optim SSI models were 15.28 °C, 28.36 °C, and 34.03 °C, respectively. The body length, head capsule width, and pronotum width showed obvious growth patterns with larval developmental duration, which were characterized by equations and isomegalen diagrams. This study provides important basic data for the application of D. maculatus to estimate the PMI min in forensic entomology in the Yangtze River Delta region of China., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Hydrological variations affect habitat characteristics and fish distribution in floodplain lakes. Assessing the contributions of the local community (i.e., LCBD, community uniqueness) and species to overall β diversity (i.e., SCBD, species uniqueness) of fish assemblages is valuable for habitat and species conservation planning, particularly from functional and phylogenetic perspectives. We examined the changes in multifaceted LCBD and SCBD of fish across different hydrological periods in the Poyang Lake, China, and analyzed their responsive mechanisms using regression models, based on which the conservation priorities of habitats and species were evaluated. The findings revealed that taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic LCBD and SCBD were lowest during the wet season compared to the normal and dry seasons, emphasizing the regulatory effects of hydrological regimes on fish assemblages. Taxonomic and functional LCBD were significantly impacted by the mean abundance of migratory fish, highlighting the importance of specific species combinations on community uniqueness. Taxonomic and functional SCBD exhibited positive correlations primarily with mean abundance, suggesting the potential uniqueness of certain common species. Additionally, we identified the river-lake junction (Hukou station) and natural reserve (Xingzi and Nanjishan stations) with high overall community uniqueness as critical habitats. We also emphasized the necessity for increased conservation efforts for species having high overall species uniqueness during different hydrological periods, including Coilia brachygnathus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Coilia nasus, Saurogobio dabryi, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Megalobrama amblycephala, and Parabramis pekinensis. This research underscores the significance of integrating multiple ecological perspectives to manage biodiversity changes and maintain ecological conservation values effectively., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Based on the panel data of 75 cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020, this manuscript measures the agricultural low-carbon production efficiency scientifically through the Super-SBM model. In addition, the deviation degree of agricultural industry is used as the index of structural adjustment. Finally, the spatial Durbin model is used to analyze the effect direction and degree of structural adjustment, financial support, and their synergistic effect on agricultural low-carbon production efficiency. The results show that ① the agricultural low-carbon production efficiency in the Yellow River Basin shows a trend of fluctuating downward and a spatial distribution pattern of "high in the east and low in the west". ② Structural adjustment in local region and adjacent areas has a significantly negative impact on agricultural low-carbon production, and the inhibitory effect in adjacent areas is more obvious, and the negative spatial spillover effect is strong. Financial support has a significantly positive impact on agricultural low-carbon production, but the spatial spillover effect of adjacent areas is not obvious. ③ By region, structural adjustment has a significantly negative impact on low-carbon agricultural production in the midstream and downstream regions, while financial support has a significantly positive impact on low-carbon agricultural production in the upstream region. The impact of control variables on agricultural low-carbon production varies from region to region. ④ The synergistic effect of structural adjustment and financial support in the whole and midstream region shows a significantly positive impact on agricultural low-carbon production, indicating that financial support has a certain correction effect on structural adjustment. The coefficient between the upstream and downstream regions is positive but not significant. The conclusions have important reference significance for promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development and agricultural low-carbon development in the Yellow River Basin., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Azole fungicides (AFs) play an important role in the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases in agricultural crops. However, limited studies are addressing the fate and ecological risk of AFs in the urban water cycle at a large watershed scale. To address this gap, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk of twenty AFs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River across four seasons. Carbendazim (CBA), tebuconazole (TBA), tricyclazole (TCA), and propiconazole (PPA) were found to be the dominant compounds. Their highest concentrations were measured in January (188.3 ng/L), and November (2197.1 ng/L), July (162.0 ng/L), and November (1801.9 ng/L), respectively. The comparison between wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents and surface water suggested that industrial WWTPs are major sources of AFs in the Yangtze River. In particular, TBA and PPA were found to be the most recalcitrant AFs in industrial WWTPs, while difenoconazole (DFA) was found to be the most potent pollutant in municipal WWTPs, with an average removal rate of less than 60%. The average risk quotient (RQ) for the entire AFs was 6.45 in the fall, which was higher than in January (0.98), April (0.61), and July (0.40). This indicates that AFs in surface water posed higher environmental risks during the dry season. Additionally, the exposure risk of AFs via drinking water for sensitive populations deserves more attention. This study provides benchmark data on the occurrence of AFs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and offers suggestions for better reduction of AFs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The Yarlung Zangbo River is a river with abundant hydropower resources but fragile biodiversity in China. As an important benchmark for both research and ecological management, there is still a lack of knowledge about the swimming ability of fishes in the Yarlung Zangbo River. The induced flow velocity (U ind ), critical swimming speed (U crit ), and burst swimming speed (U burst ) of five Schizothoracinae species were tested in this study. Relative swimming ability related to body length and body shape was calculated. The results indicated that the average absolute swimming speeds (U ind-a , U crit-a , and U burst-a ) of all the experimental fish were 10.20 ± 0.01, 57.58 ± 3.28, and 69.54 ± 2.94 cm/s, respectively, and the corresponding relative U ind , U crit , and U burst related to body length (U ind-l , U crit-l , U burst-l ) were 1.15 ± 0.07, 5.04 ± 0.26, and 7.23 ± 0.28 BL/s, respectively. Moreover, relative U ind , U crit , and U burst related to body shape (U ind-s , U crit-s , and U burst-s ) were 0.80 ± 0.13, 2.49 ± 0.51, and 4.32 ± 0.57 cm -2 /s, respectively. No significantly differences in relative swimming speeds existed among five species. Only Oxygymnocypris stewartii was significantly weaker in U burst-s than Schizothorax o'connori. The body shape showed a stronger relationship with swimming speed than the body length did. Schizothoracinae fish in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin are less sensitive to the water flow and performed weaker U crit and U burst compared to those in the Yangtze River basin, indicating that Schizothoracinae fish in the Yarlung Zangbo River may be more susceptible to threats from environmental changes. The paper enriched the research on the swimming ability of Schizothoracinae fishes and provided efficient data for the fish conservation in the Yarlung Zangbo River., (© 2024 Fisheries Society of the British Isles.)