228,389 results
Search Results
202. Measuring the online attention to business research papers: An altmetric study of selected journals with high impact factor.
- Author
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Verma, Manoj Kumar and Yuvaraj, Mayank
- Subjects
- *
ALTMETRICS , *SOCIAL media in business , *BUSINESS ethics , *CITATION analysis , *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test , *STATISTICAL software - Abstract
The present study is aimed toward examining the attention received by research papers through social and electronic media in business research. In recent years, altmetrics has emerged as a complementary measure of the impact of research works besides citation analysis and bibliometrics. Using the altmetric attention score (AAS) the paper is the first research of its kind to shed light on the characteristics of 100 papers receiving the highest online attention. Various predictors of online engagement with articles in business research journals having an impact factor greater than 6 are discussed. Data was collected from the Dimensions.ai database and analyzed using R statistical software. It is found that the Journal of Business Ethics contributed maximum papers with the highest AAS followed by the Journal of Business Research. Using the Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test it was determined that AAS in business research is dependent upon article type, topics, and journal of publication. Most of the papers in high impact factor business journals have been contributed by the authors of USA, UK and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
203. Toxicity of extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups on L-929 cells.
- Author
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Li J, Chen S, Li W, Yang G, and Zhu W
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Adhesion drug effects, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Shape drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, China, Clone Cells, Dental Devices, Home Care adverse effects, Disposable Equipment, Fibroblasts cytology, Fibroblasts pathology, Mice, Necrosis, Toxicity Tests, Wood adverse effects, Apoptosis drug effects, Consumer Product Safety, Cooking and Eating Utensils, Fibroblasts drug effects, Paper, Plant Extracts toxicity, Wood chemistry
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the toxicity of extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups on L-929 cells., Methods: We followed national standards to prepare the extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups used for the cell culture media, and the morphology of L-929 cells was observed with an optical microscope. The loss rate for adherent cells was evaluated with the trypan blue exclusion method, and cell proliferation was determined using the WST-1 assay., Results: Compared with the control group, the cells cultured in media containing the extracts showed signs of apoptosis and necrosis after culturing for 4 or 7 days, and the loss rate for adherent cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05). An obvious decrease in cell viability was also observed (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups can affect the growth and proliferation of L-929 cells and are potentially toxic to humans.
- Published
- 2015
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204. Levels of bisphenol-A in different paper products in Guangzhou, China, and assessment of human exposure via dermal contact.
- Author
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Fan R, Zeng B, Liu X, Chen C, Zhuang Q, Wang Y, Hu M, Lv Y, Li J, Zhou Y, and Lin ZY
- Subjects
- China, Environmental Exposure analysis, Humans, Benzhydryl Compounds analysis, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Hazardous Substances analysis, Paper, Phenols analysis
- Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical widely used both in plastics production as a food and beverage container and in thermal papers as a color developer. Dietary consumption is the main route of human exposure to BPA, but dermal absorption through handling different papers might be underestimated or ignored. In this study, BPA in different paper products, including different types of papers, receipts and Chinese currencies, were investigated. BPA was detected in receipts (n = 87) and Chinese currencies (n = 46) with concentrations of 0.17-2.675 × 10(4) μg per g paper and 0.09-288.55 μg per g paper, respectively. Except for parchment papers (n = 3), copy papers (n = 3) and food contact papers (n = 3), BPA was measured in all of the other paper products, with levels of 0.01-6.67 μg per g paper. BPA transferred from thermal papers to common papers increased with the increasing contact pressure. Compared with that in water, the migration speed of BPA was doubled in the synthetic sweat. Washing hands could reduce BPA dermal exposure, and washing hands with lotion was the most efficient way. However, about 19-47% of BPA was still found on hands after different washing methods. Dermal absorption via handling of receipts and papers was estimated to be 36.45 ng per day for the general population and 1.54 × 10(-3) to 248.73 μg per day for a cashier. These values are below the maximum doses recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the European Food Safety Authority. However, due to its uncertain adverse effects on human beings, long-term BPA exposure through dermal absorption should be paid more attention, particularly for some occupational populations.
- Published
- 2015
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205. 浅论造纸行业 “七项重大隐患” 及典型案例.
- Author
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柴计旺, 敬坤民, and 崔兴洲
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL safety ,PAPER industry ,HAZARDS ,SAFETY - Abstract
June 2023 is the 22nd Production Safety Month in China. So how can the paper industry do a good job in production safety and discharge major hidden dangers? This article introduces seven major safety hazards faced by paper companies, and how to deal with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
206. Energy efficiency evolution of China's paper industry.
- Author
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Lin, Boqiang and Zheng, Qingying
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *ENERGY consumption , *POLLUTION control industry , *ECONOMETRICS - Abstract
China's paper industry accounts for a larger proportion of the global paper industry and consumes large amounts of energy. Energy conservation and pollution reduction of the industry have become the focus of China's national development strategy. Energy efficiency is an important index which directly determines the amounts of energy consumption and pollution emissions. To understand the energy efficiency evolution of China's paper industry, this paper establishes an input-output data of the paper industry for 29 provinces in China and applies DEA method and econometric models to estimate and comprehensively discuss the energy efficiency issues based on the framework of total factor efficiency. Our results indicate that China's paper industry has a large energy saving potential even though its energy efficiency has improved during the period 1990–2013. The saving potential is about 65% under the meta-frontier and 44% under the group-frontier. Moreover, there are significant differences between different regions in production technology and energy efficiency. The performance of eastern China is better than other regions. But the technology gaps between the different regions are shrinking and converging over time. Finally, some policy recommendations are proposed to improve the energy efficiency of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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207. Validation of the paper-disc soil method using soil alga Chlorococcum infusionum to quantitatively determine the toxicity of heavy metals.
- Author
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Nam SH, Kim D, An S, and An YJ
- Subjects
- Cadmium toxicity, China, Environmental Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Soil, Water, Metals, Heavy analysis, Metals, Heavy toxicity, Soil Pollutants analysis, Soil Pollutants toxicity
- Abstract
The paper-disc soil method is a soil algal bioassay used to assess soil water transfer in polluted soils. Although this ecotoxicological method was first established in 2016 to assess soil pollution, quantitative toxicity assessments of Cu- or Ni-treated soil and in situ or ex situ soils polluted with other heavy metals (HMs) have not been widely conducted. In this study, the paper-disc soil method was validated under different test conditions. The validated paper-disc soil method was used to quantitatively investigate the toxicity of four HMs (As, Cd, Cr, and Zn). Based on the results, the test species, initial inoculation concentration in the algal-dispersed solution, water content, light intensity, and exposure duration were proposed as Chlorococcum infusionum, 3 × 10
6 cells/mL in Bold's basal medium, 80% water-holding capacity, 4000 ± 500 lx, and 6 days, respectively. The toxicity of HMs was quantified using the validated paper-disc soil method, and the half-maximal effective concentration values for biomass were calculated as 22.49 (21.26-23.78) mg Cr/kg dry weight (dw) soil, 42.72 (38.64-47.24) mg Cd/kg dw soil, 57.79 (55.46-60.21) mg As/kg dw soil, and 183.06 (175.38-191.06) mg Zn/kg dw soil. The paper-disc soil method using the soil alga C. infusionum was validated by quantitatively evaluating the test conditions and toxicity of HMs. Our results provide important quantitative toxicity data for soil algae exposed to HMs and a basis for standardizing the paper-disc soil method using soil algae., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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208. Comment on the paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China'.
- Author
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Chia RW, Lee JY, and Cha J
- Subjects
- China, Environmental Monitoring, Soil, Microplastics, Plastics
- Abstract
Research on soil microplastics is currently at an early stage, and there is no widely approved sampling protocol. Even so, any basic research should minimize errors to ensure that they are not amplified in future research. This paper examines some weaknesses of the original research paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China' recently published in this journal. The authors neglected to report the equipment used for soil sampling and did not use field blank samples. There is also a soil layer that was incorrectly named. The type and pore size of filter paper used for filtration during pre-analytical soil sample preparation is very important. In this paper the nature of the filter paper used, and its larger pore sizes are questionable by today's scientists. In addition, the authors in the original paper also overlooked reporting the statistical package used for statical analysis and ensuring if all data sets obey normality, homogeneity, and equality before running the one-way ANOVA test. This statistical step is widely considered mandatory, especially in the soil science community. So, this makes it difficult to trust the results documented. Furthermore, in the original paper, the needle and stereo microscope instruments used to sort microplastic-like materials prior to proper analysis are not reliable., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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209. Electronic payments and money demand in China.
- Author
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Hwang, Jen-Te and Wen, Min
- Subjects
DEMAND for money ,ELECTRONIC money ,DEMAND function ,PAPER money ,COINTEGRATION - Abstract
This paper constructs the money demand function including the variable of electronic payments while adopting the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to investigate the relationship between electronic payments and money demand in China. The empirical results show that there is the cointegration among the variables in the constructed function with stability, and the e-payment variable is negatively correlated with the demand for money. According to the findings of this paper, in the long run, for every 1 percent increase in the e-payment variable, the demand for M1 will decrease by approximately 0.01 percent. In addition, the money demand function that contains the e-payment variable performs better than the one that does not in the forecast evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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210. Passive daytime radiative cooling aerogels based on wollastonite particle-embedded cellulose for energy-saving buildings.
- Author
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Deng, Chen, Zhao, Bencheng, Wang, Zhuoqun, Yue, Xuejie, Yang, Dongya, and Qiu, Fengxian
- Subjects
ENERGY conservation in buildings ,WOLLASTONITE ,CELLULOSE ,AEROGELS ,WASTE paper ,VAPOR-plating - Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PRDC) is a promising technology providing a cooling strategy that radiates heat directly into outer space without additional energy consumption, a crucial consideration in controlling construction energy consumption. However, the preparation of PRDC materials with controlled radiative properties is still challenging because the radiative interface must be maintained in a clean environment. Herein, a densely distributed porous hybrid aerogel with controlled radiative properties was fabricated using the wollastonite and cellulose as building blocks for building energy-saving applications. To do this, the cellulose pulp was obtained by using waste paper as raw material. Then, the hybrid aerogels, comprising paper cellulose and wollastonite particles, were fabricated by combining the acrylic acid polymers (PAA) bonding, freeze drying and vapor deposition modification. The radiative cooling hybrid aerogel exhibits high solar reflectivity (94.6%) and high atmospheric emissivity (95.1%), due to the laminated design of wollastonite randomly dispersed in the radiative hybrid aerogel. The excellent PRDC capability is also proven by outdoor tests where practical temperature difference is ~ 6.3 ℃ and the maximum cooling power of 147.4 Wm
−2 under direct sun irradiance. Wettability test infers that the hybrid aerogel has a static water contact angle of 144.07° ± 2°, thereby indicating its hydrophobicity. In addition, based on the Energyplus simulation, the hybrid aerogel exhibits an average annual cooling energy saving of 8% in buildings across China. The excellent radiative cooling and self-cleaning properties of hybrid aerogel make it durable for long-term outdoor PRDC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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211. Test reliability and comparability of paper and Chinese electronic version of the western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index: protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial.
- Author
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liu K, Chai Y, Lin F, Zhan H, Zheng Y, and Yuan W
- Subjects
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Universities, Ontario, China, Electronics, Treatment Outcome, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Osteoarthritis, Knee drug therapy
- Abstract
Introduction: The Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) is the most commonly used indicator of disease-specific outcome in knee osteoarthritis for its convenience and reliability. It has two formats the paper-based WOMAC (p-WOMAC) and the electronic WOMAC (e-WOMAC). In China, the p-WOMAC has been widely used though e-WOMAC is yet untested. This study aims to test whether e-WOMAC is consistent with the p-WOMAC before and after the intervention., Methods and Analysis: A total of 70 patients from Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine will be randomly assigned in two groups, named, group A and group B. This study is divided into three stages. In the first stage, patients in group A will be evaluated first by p-WOMAC and then by e-WOMAC. Patients in group B will be evaluated by e-WOMAC and then by p-WOMAC. In the second stage of the study, drug interventions will be implemented. 200 mg celecoxib will be administered orally once a day starting from the second day of enrolment for a period of 21 days. In the third stage, postintervention evaluation will be conducted after administration. Patients in group A will be evaluated first by e-WOMAC and then by p-WOMAC. Patients in group B will be evaluated first by p-WOMAC and then by e-WOMAC. In order to avoid the possible bias because of patients' potential memory, e-WOMAC and p-WOMAC will be taken for each patient at 15 min apart. The primary outcome of the study is the mean score difference in WOMAC, and the secondary outcomes are the score differences in WOMAC subscales: pain, stiffness and physical function., Ethics and Dissemination: The protocol has been approved by the Independent Review Board of SGH (approval number: 2020-814-21-01). The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal., Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2100050914., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
212. [Blue paper of China sudden cardiac death prevention and rescue system construction (2022)].
- Author
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Professional Committee Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Chinese Research Hospital Society, Professional Committee Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Chinese Aging Well Association, Health Culture Committee Chinese Health Association, and Expert Committee Of China Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention And Rescue System Construction
- Subjects
- Humans, China, Death, Sudden, Cardiac prevention & control, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Abstract
In order to improve the comprehensive ability of China sudden cardiac death prevention and rescue, the Expert Committee of China Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention and Rescue System Construction organized 100 experts and scholars in the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to form Blue paper of China sudden cardiac death prevention and rescue system construction (2022). It mainly includes three parts: the organizational structure of the sudden cardiac death prevention and rescue system, the main functions of the sudden cardiac death prevention and rescue system, and the key projects of the sudden cardiac death prevention and rescue system. It is hoped that the China sudden cardiac death prevention and rescue system will be established to serve the life and health of the people wholeheartedly.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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213. Different bioreactors for treating secondary effluent from recycled paper mill.
- Author
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Cai F, Lei L, and Li Y
- Subjects
- China, Paper, Recycling, Waste Disposal, Fluid instrumentation, Wastewater analysis, Biofilms, Bioreactors microbiology, Industrial Waste analysis, Microbiota physiology, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Secondary effluent from paper mill was characterized by poor biodegradability and containing recalcitrant compounds. In this study, four bioreactors, including a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), a stirred-tank reactor (STR) and two submerged aeration reactors (SAR) were used to treat secondary effluent from a recycled paper mill respectively. The results indicated that chemical oxygen demand (COD) was increased by SAR2 treatment and COD removal efficiency for SBBR, SAR1 and STR was 39.7%, 15.7% and 30.9% respectively. It is suggested that recalcitrant compounds were removed by SBBR, SAR1 and STR respectively. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of wastewater were increased by treatments of each bioreactor, which suggested that endogenous respiration of biomass occurred during the treatment. Microbial analysis of sludge from different bioreactors suggested that the removal of recalcitrant compounds in SBBR and STR might be related to the presence of unique microorganisms in each reactor., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
214. 'In Far Cathay': Representations of China in 'The Boy's Own Paper', 1879-1914
- Author
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Chen, Shih-Wen
- Abstract
This paper considers how "knowledge" of China was presented for Victorian and Edwardian children in "The Boy's Own Paper" ("BOP") between 1879 and 1914. It considers how genre affects the representation of China in the "BOP" by comparing travel narratives and adventure stories. First, it focuses on non-fiction about China, examining the rhetorical strategies employed by the authors of travel narratives. The travellers express confidence in their ability to survey the land and present readers with the idea that China is abundant in resources awaiting British discovery. Second, the article discusses adventure stories about opium and piracy written during a period when the tension between the British and the Chinese was particularly fraught over these issues. While the authors of the adventure stories created a strong contrast between the Chinese as villains and the British as heroes, the "BOP" travel writers provide contradictory statements within their narratives, reflecting an ambivalence about China and the Chinese. However, because the "BOP" contributors sought to instil a sense of patriotism, to inspire their readers to serve the British Empire, both the non-fiction travel narratives and the fictional adventure stories related to China were published not only to entertain readers with exotic facts and thrilling stories, but more importantly, to persuade them of the necessity of British intervention.
- Published
- 2013
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215. Online and Paper Evaluations of Courses: A Literature Review and Case Study
- Author
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Morrison, Keith
- Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on comparing online and paper course evaluations in higher education and provides a case study of a very large randomised trial on the topic. It presents a mixed but generally optimistic picture of online course evaluations with respect to response rates, what they indicate, and how to increase them. The paper presents a case study of 1 university and finds that means for paper course evaluations tend to be higher than for online evaluations, that the standard deviations of online evaluations are typically larger than for paper evaluations, that online evaluations take longer to complete than their paper counterparts, that students prefer online evaluations, and that factor analysis shows similar and different numbers of factors for the 2 types of evaluation, even with the same instrument and the same population. Caution is advocated in assuming that the same online and paper evaluations yield similar results.
- Published
- 2013
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216. Demonstrating Electrophoretic Separation in a Straight Paper Channel Delimited by a Hydrophobic Wax Barrier
- Author
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Xu, Chunxiu, Lin, Wanqi, and Cai, Longfei
- Abstract
A demonstration is described of electrophoretic separation of carmine and sunset yellow with a paper-based device. The channel in the paper device was fabricated by hand with a wax pen. Electrophoretic separation of carmine and sunset yellow was achieved within a few minutes by applying potential on the channel using a simple and inexpensive power supply. This demonstration could not only motivate the students' passion in learning analytical chemistry but also introduce two important analytical techniques (microfluidic paper-based analytical devices and electrophoresis) to the classroom. With further modification and improvement, this demonstration may be suitable for students to perform as a laboratory experiment in the teaching lab.
- Published
- 2016
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217. Industrial polices and improved energy efficiency in China’s paper industry.
- Author
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Zheng, Qingying and Lin, Boqiang
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY consumption , *PAPER industry , *POLLUTION , *ECONOMETRIC models , *SALE of business enterprises - Abstract
China’s paper industry consumes a lot of energy and emits huge amounts of pollutions. The Chinese government over the past decades has done a lot to promote energy efficiency of the industry. This paper studies the impact of industrial polices to improve energy efficiency. The energy efficiency change is firstly studied under a framework of total factor efficiency. On this basis, different econometric models are built to discuss the detailed energy efficiency characteristics of the paper industry. The main results are as follow: (i) ownership structure did influence the energy efficiency, but the influence is different in different conditions; (ii) energy efficiency of the paper industry can be improved by economies of scale; (iii) market competition can to some extent overcome the motivation and supervision problem that often occur in state-owned companies; (iv) energy price cannot play the role of resource allocation well in China. Finally, based on our findings, some suggestions are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
218. Paper mills integrated gasification combined cycle process with high energy efficiency for cleaner production.
- Author
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Man, Yi, Hong, Mengna, Li, Jigeng, Yang, Sheng, Qian, Yu, and Liu, Huanbin
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY consumption of paper mills , *PAPER industry , *COGENERATION of electric power & heat , *COAL combustion , *COAL gasification - Abstract
The papermaking industry has developed rapidly in recent years in China. Papermaking is a high-energy-consuming process. Consequently, large-scale paper mills usually have cogeneration systems that supply both electricity and steam for the papermaking process. In China, almost all these cogeneration systems in paper mills are powered by coal combustion, which consumes a large amount of energy and emits large amounts of greenhouse gas. The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) technology is regarded as a clean and efficient method of coal utilization. In this work, an IGCC process for application in paper mills was designed and modeled. An IGCC coupled with a cascade refrigeration process (CRP) was further proposed in order to reuse the waste heat from the dryer section and improve the energy efficiency of the papermaking process. A paper with a conventional cogeneration system, one with an IGCC cogeneration system, and one with an IGCC coupled with a CRP cogeneration system were analyzed and compared in terms of energy efficiency, capital investment, operational cost, and dynamic payback period. The results showed that the integration of IGCC technology allows paper mills to be more competitive than those featuring conventional cogeneration systems in terms of energy efficiency and operational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
219. Understanding Chinese archaeology by statistical analysis of papers published by Chinese researchers in Chinese and World core journals during the past century (1920–2020).
- Author
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Wei, Xuan, Lou, Wentai, Li, Ting, Yang, Ruxi, Liang, Tingting, He, Chengpo, Wang, Liwei, Yuan, Junjie, and Li, Yinghua
- Subjects
- *
HISTORICAL archaeology , *ARCHAEOLOGY , *RESEARCH personnel , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *STATISTICS , *ARCHAEOLOGISTS , *INTERDISCIPLINARY research - Abstract
This article collected papers published by Chinese archaeologists in Chinese and World core journals (CCJs and WCJs for short) in the past century. Based on bibliometric analysis, the general characteristics and trends of Chinese archaeology were summarized. In a macroscopic perspective, historiography-rooted archaeology focusing on historical periods and central areas of China and preferring traditional archaeological methods (mainly a culture-historical paradigm) will continue to occupy a leading position in China. Simultaneously, interdisciplinary research and internationalisation will likely continue to develop and diversify Chinese archaeology, though the speed is unknown due to the impact of the pandemic. In comparison, more attention needs to be paid to theoretical research and to publishing more results of historical archaeology in WCJs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
220. Multiyear emissions of carbonaceous aerosols from cooking, fireworks, sacrificial incense, joss paper burning, and barbecue as well as their key driving forces in China.
- Author
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Cheng, Yi, Kong, Shaofei, Yao, Liquan, Zheng, Huang, Wu, Jian, Yan, Qin, Zheng, Shurui, Hu, Yao, Niu, Zhenzhen, Yan, Yingying, Shen, Zhenxing, Shen, Guofeng, Liu, Dantong, Wang, Shuxiao, and Qi, Shihua
- Subjects
- *
CARBONACEOUS aerosols , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *NEW Year , *AIR pollutants , *FIREWORKS , *CHINESE New Year - Abstract
There has been controversy regarding the air pollutants emitted from sources closely related to the activities of daily life in China, such as cooking, setting off fireworks, sacrificial incense and joss paper burning, and barbecue (which have been named the five missing sources – FMSs), and the extent to which they impact the outdoor air quality. To date, due to the lack of both an activity dataset and emission factors, there have been no estimations of the emission of air pollutants from FMSs. In this work, we have attempted to combine questionnaire data, various statistical data, and data on points of interest to obtain a relatively complete set of activity data. The emission factors (EFs) of carbonaceous aerosols were tested in our lab. Emission inventories of carbonaceous aerosols with a high spatial–temporal resolution for FMSs were then established, and the spatial variation trend and driving forces were discussed. From 2000 to 2018, organic carbon (OC) emissions were in the range of 4268–4919 t. OC emissions from FMSs were between 1.5 ‰ and 2.2 ‰ of the total emissions in China. Black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and brown carbon (BrC) absorption cross-section (ACS BrC) emissions from FMSs were in the ranges of 22.6–43.9 t, 213–324 t, and 14.7–35.6 Gm 2 , respectively. Their emissions tended to be concentrated in certain periods and areas. The OC emission intensities in central urban areas were 3.85–50.5 times those in rural areas (due to the high density of human activity), while the ACS BrC emissions in rural regions accounted for 63.0–79.5 % of the total emissions (resulting from uncontrolled fireworks). A mass of fireworks led to much higher ACS BrC and EC emissions on Chinese New Year's Eve, with respective values that were 1444 and 262 times their corresponding yearly averages. Significant (p<0.01) correlations between the population's income and pollutant emissions were also found: these correlations were positive (r=0.94) and negative (r=-0.94) for urban and rural regions, respectively, indicating the necessity to regulate residents' lifestyles and increase residents' income in respective urban and rural regions. This study provides firsthand data to identify emissions, variation trends, and impacting factors from the FMSs. This is helpful for modeling works on air quality, the climate effect, and human health risks during specific periods or in specific regions as well as for modifying emission control policies. The data compiled in this work can found at 10.6084/m9.figshare.19999991.v2 (Cheng et al., 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
221. Evaluation of Logistics Efficiency of Paper Skin Walnuts in Northwest China Based on DEA-Malmquist.
- Author
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Liu, Hongli, Li, Haixiang, and Dang, Mihua
- Subjects
- *
TECHNOLOGICAL progress , *WALNUT , *INDUSTRIAL productivity , *PANEL analysis - Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet industry, the publicity effect of paperbark walnuts has been substantially increased, and the consumption and demand of paperbark walnuts have been rising, and the output of paperbark walnuts in China has also increased year by year. This paper takes the panel data of the top three prefecture-level cities in each GDP ranking of five provinces in northwest China from 2012 to 2021 as the sample and combines the DEA model with Malmquist to evaluate and analyze the logistics efficiency of paper walnuts in northwest China. It is found that the overall logistics efficiency of paperback walnuts in Northwest China has been improved in recent years, but there are still areas that need to be improved, such as the factor distribution is not reasonable enough; the logistics efficiency of paperback walnuts in Northwest China from 2012 to 2021 is in a fluctuating state; the logistics efficiency of paperback walnuts in Shaanxi Province is better than the other provinces and is in the leading position; the improvement of technological progress has a key role in the total factor productivity improvement. As a result, this paper puts forward five specific suggestions based on the research results to help accelerate the improvement of paper walnut logistics efficiency in Northwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
222. Scientometric Full-Text Analysis of Papers Published in Remote Sensing between 2009 and 2021.
- Author
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Balz, Timo
- Subjects
- *
REMOTE sensing , *TEXT files , *OPTICAL remote sensing - Abstract
Covering the full texts of all papers published in MDPI's Remote Sensing between 2009 and 2021, in-depth scientometric analyses were conducted. Trends in publications show an increase in the overall number of papers. A relative increase in papers using SAR sensors and a relative decrease in papers using optical remote sensing can also be seen. The full-text analyses reveal distinctive styles and writing patterns for papers from different sub-fields of remote sensing and for different countries and even cities. While a slight increase in the readability of abstracts is detected over time, the overall readability of papers is decreasing. Institutional co-authorship analysis reveals the ongoing 'scientific decoupling' between China and the USA in remote sensing. Using scientometric full-text analysis, current trends and developments are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
223. The impact of corporate digital transformation on the export product quality: Evidence from Chinese enterprises.
- Author
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Qian, Jing and She, Qunzhi
- Subjects
DIGITAL transformation ,DIGITAL technology ,PRODUCT quality ,FOREIGN trade promotion ,ELECTRONIC paper ,HIGH technology industries - Abstract
The digital economy has become a driving force in the rapid development of the global economy and the promotion of export trade. Pivotal in its advent, the digital transformation of enterprises utilizes cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, and other digital technologies to provide an impetus for evolution and transformation in various industries and fields. in enhancing quality and efficiency. This has been critical for enhancing both quality and efficiency in enterprises based in the People's Republic of China. Through the available data on its listed enterprises, this paper measures their digital transformation through a textual analysis and examines how this transformation influences their export product quality. We then explore the possible mechanisms at work in this influence from the perspective of enterprise heterogeneity. The results find that: (1) Digital transformation significantly enhances the export product quality in an enterprises, and the empirical findings still hold after a series of robustness tests; (2) Further mechanism analysis reveals that the digital transformation can positively affect export product quality through the two mechanisms of process productivity (φ), the ability to produce output using fewer variable inputs, and product productivity (ξ), the ability to produce quality with fewer fixed outlays; (3) In terms of enterprise heterogeneity, the impact of digital transformation on export product quality is significant for enterprises engaged in general trade or high-tech industries and those with strong corporate governance. In terms of heterogeneity in digital transformation of enterprise and the regional digital infrastructure level, the higher the level of digital transformation and regional digital infrastructure, the greater the impact of digital transformation on export product quality. This paper has practical implications for public policies that offer vital aid to enterprises as they seek digital transformation to remain sync with the digital economy, upgrade their product quality, and drive the sustainable, high-quality, and healthy development of their nation's economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
224. 中国造纸工业碳排放特征与 “双碳”目标路径探究.
- Author
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程言君, 张 亮, 王焕松, 贾学桦, and 董 妍
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL energy consumption ,CARBON offsetting ,POWER resources ,CARBON emissions ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,CARBON paper - Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
225. First comprehensive analysis of lysine succinylation in paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera).
- Author
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Dong, Yibo, Li, Ping, and Chen, Chao
- Subjects
- *
RIBOSOMES , *LYSINE , *KREBS cycle , *CALVIN cycle , *MULBERRY , *CARBON fixation - Abstract
Background: Lysine succinylation is a naturally occurring post-translational modification (PTM) that is ubiquitous in organisms. Lysine succinylation plays important roles in regulating protein structure and function as well as cellular metabolism. Global lysine succinylation at the proteomic level has been identified in a variety of species; however, limited information on lysine succinylation in plant species, especially paper mulberry, is available. Paper mulberry is not only an important plant in traditional Chinese medicine, but it is also a tree species with significant economic value. Paper mulberry is found in the temperate and tropical zones of China. The present study analyzed the effects of lysine succinylation on the growth, development, and physiology of paper mulberry. Results: A total of 2097 lysine succinylation sites were identified in 935 proteins associated with the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism, ribosomes and oxidative phosphorylation; these pathways play a role in carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms and may be regulated by lysine succinylation. The modified proteins were distributed in multiple subcellular compartments and were involved in a wide variety of biological processes, such as photosynthesis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. Conclusion: Lysine-succinylated proteins may play key regulatory roles in metabolism, primarily in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as in many other cellular processes. In addition to the large number of succinylated proteins associated with photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, some proteins associated with the TCA cycle are succinylated. Our study can serve as a reference for further proteomics studies of the downstream effects of succinylation on the physiology and biochemistry of paper mulberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
226. The Comparability of Marking on Screen and on Paper: The Case of Liberal Studies in Hong Kong
- Author
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Coniam, David
- Abstract
This article details an investigation into the onscreen marking (OSM) of Liberal Studies (LS) in Hong Kong--where paper-based marking (PBM) of public examinations is being phased out and wholly superseded by OSM. The study involved 14 markers who had previously rated Liberal Studies scripts on screen in the 2009 Hong Kong Advanced Level examination. In the study, the 14 markers re-marked, on paper, a number of the scripts they had marked on screen in the 2009 examination. Using multi-faceted Rasch analysis, a five-faceted design was employed, modeling markers, test takers, input questions, rating scales, and the marking medium. Results showed that all factors generally exhibited good data fit. With the major facet for investigation being the method of marking, logit values centred at zero emerged. The hypothesis that the method of marking does not intrude on scores awarded to test takers when scripts are marked on screen or on paper was therefore accepted. Since all public examinations in Hong Kong will be marked solely on screen in 2012, it is vital for professional and public confidence that the scores returned from the OSM marking system can be considered as reliable as those obtained from paper-based marking. Results from the current study suggest that this is so. Given that many countries and jurisdictions globally are considering the implementation of OSM technology--albeit not in the all-embracing manner of Hong Kong--the current study provides further validation for the worldwide adoption of such technology. (Contains 3 footnotes, 6 tables, and 1 figure.)
- Published
- 2011
227. Construction and Operation Costs of Wastewater Treatment and Implications for the Paper Industry in China.
- Author
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Niu, Kunyu, Wu, Jian, Yu, Fang, and Guo, Jingli
- Subjects
- *
WASTEWATER treatment , *PAPER industry , *COST functions , *ECONOMIC development , *SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
This paper aims to develop a construction and operation cost model of wastewater treatment for the paper industry in China and explores the main factors that determine these costs. Previous models mainly involved factors relating to the treatment scale and efficiency of treatment facilities for deriving the cost function. We considered the factors more comprehensively by adding a regional variable to represent the economic development level, a corporate ownership factor to represent the plant characteristics, a subsector variable to capture pollutant characteristics, and a detailed-classification technology variable. We applied a unique data set from a national pollution source census for the model simulation. The major findings include the following: (l) Wastewater treatment costs in the paper industry are determined by scale, technology, degree of treatment, ownership, and regional factors; (2) Wastewater treatment costs show a large decreasing scale effect; (3) The current level of pollutant discharge fees is far lower than the marginal treatment costs for meeting the wastewater discharge standard. Key implications are as follows: (l) Cost characteristics and impact factors should be fully recognized when planning or making policies relating to wastewater treatment projects or technology development; (2) There is potential to reduce treatment costs by centralizing wastewater treatment via industrial parks; (3) Wastewater discharge fee rates should be increased; (4) Energy efficient technology should become the future focus of wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
228. New Initiatives for Environmental Protection and Energy Saving in the Chinese Paper Industry
- Author
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Wang, Feng
- Published
- 2009
229. A new headspace gas chromatographic method for the determination of methanol content in paper materials used for food and drink packaging.
- Author
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Hu HC, Tian YX, Jin HJ, Chai XS, and Barnes DG
- Subjects
- Analytic Sample Preparation Methods, Beverages analysis, China, Flame Ionization, Food Contamination prevention & control, Formates metabolism, Hydrolysis, Indicators and Reagents chemistry, Lignin chemistry, Limit of Detection, Methanol metabolism, Phosphoric Acids chemistry, Poisons metabolism, Volatilization, Food Packaging, Methanol analysis, Paper, Wood chemistry
- Abstract
This study reports on a method for determination of methanol in paper products by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). The method is based on the hydrolysis of the pulp or paper matrix, using a phosphoric acid solution (42.5%) as the medium at 120 °C in 5 h (excluding air contact) in order to release matrix-entrapped methanol, which is then determined by HS-GC. Data show that, under the given conditions of hydrolysis, no methanol was formed from the methoxyl groups in the material. Reproducibility tests of the method generated a relative standard deviation of <3.5%, with recovery in the range of 93.4-102%. The present method is reliable, accurate, and suitable for use in batch testing of the methanol content in paper-related materials. The method can play an important role in addressing food safety concerns that may be raised regarding the use of paper materials in food and beverage packaging.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
230. Impact of Environmental Information Disclosure Policy and Trade on Chinese Paper Industry Environmental Effects.
- Author
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Feng S and Chen K
- Subjects
- China, Economic Development, Environmental Policy, Environmental Pollution analysis, Disclosure, Industry
- Abstract
While participation in the international division of labor has led to rapid economic development, it has also resulted in pressing environmental issues in China. In the context of "building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society" and the current sustainability requirements, research on the environmental impact of Chinese paper companies from the perspective of Environmental Information Disclosure (EID) policy and trade has not yet reached a consensus. This study constructs an analytical framework for the EID policy impact mechanism and trade on the environmental effects of the paper industry and enterprises. It explores the direct and indirect effects of EID policy and import-and-export trade on the paper industry environmental effects using the Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) model. EID positively impacts the pollution reduction of enterprises mainly through the technical effect. Export trade positively impacts the reduction of enterprises' emissions through the technology effect. However, the demand of the international market increases the pollution from the paper industries, which has a negative impact. Importing will enable enterprises to obtain greater price advantages which can alleviate and transfer the costs brought by EID. This study analyzes the impact of trade on the environmental effects of Chinese paper enterprises and identifies the impact of China's EID policy and trade on enterprises' pollution emissions. It provides a theoretical and practical foundation for the Chinese government to formulate environmental and trade policies.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
231. Reform performance assessments for clinicians in China to combat fake-paper factories.
- Author
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Xiang YT, Zhang Q, Zhao N, Chen P, Lam ML, Su Z, and Ng CH
- Subjects
- China, Health Care Reform
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
232. Perimeter description of research publications on drones by prolific engineering writers.
- Author
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Suryani, I., Basir, N., Norkhairi, A., Halim, M. Z. A., and Zubir, F.
- Subjects
- *
BIBLIOMETRICS , *CONFERENCE papers , *ENGINEERING , *ACADEMIC discourse , *AUTHORS - Abstract
Teaching technical writing to engineering researchers particularly post graduate students is a demanding and complex task. Often the challenge faced by the language instructor is in having inadequate understanding on students' expected writing output which is engineering research publication. While the language instructors may find the language use aspect manageable, it is the understanding on expected writing output for engineering discipline that is a challenge; therefore, supporting language module developers to understand those expected outputs is essential and needed for the advancement in language teaching. In view on the need for the description of the targeted output which is engineering publication, this study focuses on supporting the understanding of engineering research publication specifically on drones. This study is aimed to describe the perimeter of research publication on drones written by prolific engineering writers. This paper uses bibliometric analysis method which is based on identifying the core research and authors, as well as the works that cited them. This study examines 275 research publications indexed in SCOPUS database and also investigates 1947 research publications that cited the 275 publications as reference source. The findings show that the publications are mostly articles, conference papers and reviews deriving mostly from the US, China and the UK whereas the citing documents are mostly from China, the UK and the US. This paper presents the description on the perimeter for both groups. Such description provides a ready narrative to language instructors as well as ready narratives and guidance on writing/content dimension for young scholars embarking on writing scholarly articles on drone research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
233. 竹林碳汇及竹材制品碳足迹 研究现状.
- Author
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濮佳莉, 王鑫, 庞树宇, 梁辰, 王双飞, and 覃程荣
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,CARBON offsetting ,FOREST products ,ECOLOGICAL impact ,BAMBOO ,PAPER industry - Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
234. 制浆造纸行业水污染全过程控制 技术理论与实践.
- Author
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徐峻, 李军, and 陈克复
- Subjects
WATER pollution prevention ,POLLUTION ,WATER pollution ,PAPER industry ,POLLUTION prevention - Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
235. Network optimization and performance evaluation of the water-use system in China's straw pulp and paper industry: a case study.
- Author
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Li, Bo, Zhang, Guoquan, Ye, Maosheng, Du, Jing, Xiang, Xuemin, Quan, Xie, Yang, Fenglin, Xu, Xiaochen, and Ma, Shuming
- Subjects
WATER use ,PAPER industry ,WATER supply ,WOOD pulp industry ,WATER consumption - Abstract
Compared with wood pulp, straw pulp and papermaking, because of lower cost and abundancy of raw material, has become an indispensable approach in paper industry of China. However, its further application is limited by huge water consumption and wastewater discharge. By employing substance flow analysis, this study built up an optimization model and a performance evaluation system of water saving for the water-use network of a straw pulp and paper enterprise, after identifying the problems in present water consumption. Accordingly, an optimization plan was proposed to combine man-made water circulation with natural water circulation system. Additionally, a contrast analysis between the present and optimized water use was conducted. At last, we applied the proposed optimization plan to one of the most important and largest enterprises of straw pulp and paper industry in China as an illustration. Theoretically, water consumption could be reduced by 75.4 % without wastewater discharge after optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
236. China's military strategy white paper: What does it mean for the region?
- Author
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Galdorisi, George
- Published
- 2016
237. ČASOPIS METALURGIJA 1962.–2022. god. – Lista objavljenih radova.
- Author
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MAMUZIĆ, I.
- Subjects
- *
CONTINENTS , *METALLURGY , *COUNTRIES , *AUTHORS - Abstract
For the interval 1962-2022 y, during the continuos publication last 60 years, in Metalurgija Journal Authors from 40 countries from Mexico to China (all 5 continent ) have publish. The goal of the Article is give List of Papers published in this interval, 199 issues or 238 numbers, 2721 scientifi c and technical, and 287 contributions (total 3008 papers ) of Authors whose investigation results and ideas have been examined and found on the pages of this Journal. Thanks for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
238. Investigating academic conference publications from provincial administrative regions in the mainland of China.
- Author
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Zhang, Guijie, Wei, Fangfang, Wang, Peixin, and Liang, Yikai
- Subjects
ACADEMIC conferences ,CONFERENCE papers ,CHINESE people ,PROVINCES ,CITATION indexes - Abstract
This paper conducted a comparative analysis of the conference publications published by Chinese scholars from 2006 to 2019. The main results are as follows. First, the conference papers are unevenly distributed among the 31 provincial administrative regions. The annual number of conference papers published by scholars from different regions fluctuated during the study period. Second, there are different disciplinary distributions of China Proceedings of Conferences Full‐text Database (CPCD) papers and Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) papers, and the CPCI publications have a relatively centralized disciplinary distribution. Third, it is noteworthy that there are more CPCD papers than CPCI papers. With the introduction of the new science and technology evaluation standards of the Ministry of Science and Technology, there should be more conference papers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
239. 《中国造纸》2020年发表文章述评.
- Author
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刘振华, 杨苗秀, 董凤霞, and 黄 举
- Subjects
RESEARCH & development ,PAPER industry ,PUBLISHING - Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
240. From experiencing to expressing: A virtual reality approach to facilitating pupils' descriptive paper writing performance and learning behavior engagement.
- Author
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Yang, Gang, Chen, Yu‐Ting, Zheng, Xiao‐Li, and Hwang, Gwo‐Jen
- Subjects
- *
WRITING education for children , *VIRTUAL reality in education , *EDUCATIONAL technology , *ELEMENTARY education , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Due to the lack of life experience and situational experience, it is difficult to arouse pupils' inner motivation and interest in writing. Therefore, the early stage of Chinese writing may be a challenge for Chinese pupils. In order to solve this problem, a spherical video‐based virtual reality (SVVR) experience learning system was developed to help pupils improve their writing performance and interest. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an experiment was carried out in a primary school in Zhejiang province, China. First, a writing pretest was administered in two grade 4 classes. The researchers then randomly selected 40 pupils of about 10 years old with similar writing abilities, and assigned them to an experimental group, which used the SVVR learning method, and a control group, which used the traditional learning method. The researchers observed and recorded the pupils' writing process and then, interviewed them. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the comprehensive writing performance of the two groups (F = 6.272; p =.017 <.05). The mean of the experimental group (Mean = 73.85) was higher than that of the control group (Mean = 70.00). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of the thematic coherence, structural integrity and linguistic expressiveness of their writing performance. However, there was no significant difference in the achievement of creative thinking. In the experimental group, different levels of learning behavior engagement could affect the structural integrity and language expression of writing achievements, and the degree of writing learning behavior engagement was highly correlated with reading time. Through the interviews, it was found that the pupils in the experimental group were more satisfied with the SVVR learning method than the control group pupils were with the traditional learning method. Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic? Spherical video‐based virtual reality (SVVR) set a simulated environment enabling students to have in‐depth experience in learning contexts.Most SVVR studies focused on speaking and writing in middle schools and colleges, while its impacts on young children's writing performance is generally ignored.What this paper adds? An SVVR system based on experiencing learning theory was developed to promote young students' in‐depth experience and perception in descriptive paper writing.The proposed approach promoted students' writing performances, writing experience and learning behavior engagement.Implications for practice and/or policy SVVR is a potential technology for implementing experiential learning activities, especially in improving thematic coherence, structural integrity and linguistic expressiveness.It is worth promoting such a low‐tech and low‐cost experiential learning approach to other courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
241. Programme Development. Paper Presentations: Session F.
- Abstract
This document contains 35 papers from the program development section of an international conference on vocational education and training (VET) for lifelong learning in the information era. The following are among the papers included: "Using Quality Indicators to Create World-Class Curricula: From Concept to Application" (Curtis Finch, Timo Luopajarvi, Paivi Sutinen); "What Is Missing from ISO 9000 International Quality Standards Training in the United States?" (Paul Krueger); "West Virginia Instructional Technology Program Design for Economic Development" (Michael M. Murphy); "A Perception of the Software Process Model" (Albert H.S. Scott); "Design of Internet-Related Courses for IT (Information Technology) Professionals" (Y.K. Choi); "A TQM (Total Quality Management) Study of Faculty and Trainees' Perceptions of Public Vocational Training Institutions in Taiwan" (Li-Mei Huang); "Curriculum Development in Vocational Education: Achieving Balance and Coherence" (Christopher Parkin); "Providing Competency-Based Education for Industry and Its Effect on Classroom Education" (Chin-Yen Lin, Tsung-Juang Wang); "Competency Based Training: An Evaluation of a Post-secondary Teacher Education Program" (Dale E. Thompson, Cecelia Thompson, Betsy Orr); "Perceptions of Participants in a Multi-site Distance Learning Bachelor of Science Degree Program" (Betsy Orr, Dale Thompson, Cecelia Thompson); "A Study of Relation between Assessment Dimension and Management Outcomes--A Sample of Sinyi Real-Estate Company" (Stanley Tsan-Ying Lin); "Exploring a New Pattern of Vocational Education and Training" (Haicheng Yang, Tingrui Wang); "Transforming Educational Practice for a Transformed Employment Environment" (Jeanne Dawson); "Pre- and Post-Assessment in Occupational Courses" (Teresa Yohon); "Transforming Young School Leavers and Mature Unemployed into Skilled IT Workers--The IT Assistant Training in Hong Kong" (Yat-chen Li); "Discussion and Design of High Vocational Education" (Wenyi Qin, Yanchun Guo); "Teaching Statistical Problem Solving in Vocational Education" (Ken W. Li); "Structure and Cultivation of the Knowledge and Abilities of Students of Higher Vocational Technical Education" (Jiyao Zhou, Kaiyu Zhen, Weihua Liu); "Telling Stories in the Use of Portfolio Assessment in Higher Education: Some Implementation Issues" (Annie Y.W. Nicholson, Sharon Bryant); and "The Effects of the Whole Educational Experience on Graduate Employability and Further Study" (Kwok Hung Lai, Michael Hohn Pomfret). Most papers contain substantial bibliographies. (MN)
- Published
- 2000
242. Partnership for Vocational Education and Training. Paper Presentations: Session E.
- Abstract
This document contains 18 papers from the partnership for vocational education and training (VET) section of an international conference on VET for lifelong learning in the information era. The following are papers are included: "School, TAFE (Technical and Further Education), and University Links, in Pursuit of a Seamless Pathway" (Robert Player); "Work-Based Training: Experiences of Student Interns" (Marcelle Hardy, Carmen Parent, Johanne Forget); "A New Model for Workforce Development: University of Nevada Las Vegas Educator Externship Program" (Sterling Saddler, Gina M. Toth, Lisa M. Bybee); "Workplace Learning as an Investment in Human Capital" (Johanna Lasonen, Reijo Parikka); "Supporting Lifelong Learning; The New Integrated Scottish Qualifications System" (Maida Grant);"Key Policy Issues in the Promotion of Information Technology in Vocational Education: Some Lessons from the Five-Year Strategy in Hong Kong" (Kathleen S.K. Ng); " Vocational Education and Training for Operators of Modern Enterprises" (Qinxiang Gao, Meichi Huang, Heping Yu); "The Condition and Competency of Multi-Entrances for Personnel Training of Industrial Design Engineer in Taiwan" (Jui-che Tu); "Establishment of the Advanced Printing Technology Centre at Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Kwun Tong)" (Lawrence W. Chan); "Profile of SME (Small and Medium Enterprise) Support in Hong Kong and the Setting Up of the Business Start-up Centre" (Robin Wong); "Attach Strategic Importance to High Quality Vocational and Technical Education" (Shengyun Yang); "Cross Disciplinary Continuing Professional Development" (Sai Hong Ko); "Attitudes of University Faculty Members toward Students with Disabilities" (Marie F. Kraska); "Mobility, Flexibility and Accessibility of Postsecondary Education in Hong Kong" (Shui-Kin Chan); "Vocational Education in Engineering in the Information Age" (C.W. Woo, Alan S.T. Tang, S.T. Poposka); "The Engineering Graduate Training Scheme and New Technology Training Scheme in Hong Kong" (T.L. Ng, Gary M.Y. Wong); "Developing a Competitive Program to Cope with the 3C (Change, Competitive, Complex) Trend in Industry" (S.T. Tsai, Shu-Hsiao Tsen); and "How Effective Are Our Teaching Methods for Vocational Education" (Yik-lung Wong). Most papers contain substantial bibliographies. (MN)
- Published
- 2000
243. State Policies and Women's Autonomy in China, the Republic of Korea, and India, 1950-2000: Lessons from Contrasting Experiences. Working Paper.
- Author
-
World Bank, Washington, DC., Das Gupta, Monica, Lee, Sunhwa, Uberoi, Patricia, Wang, Danning, Wang, Lihong, and Zhang, Xiaodan
- Abstract
This paper compares the influence of state policies on gender roles and women's empowerment in China, India, and South Korea. In 1950, these newly formed states were largely poor and agrarian, with common cultural factors that placed similar severe constraints on women's autonomy. The three countries followed very different paths of development, which have had a tremendous impact on gender outcomes. Today the countries show striking differences in the extent of gender equity achieved, with China showing the most gender equity and South Korea the least. India has achieved considerable improvement in gender equity, but both men and women continue to struggle with poverty, illiteracy, and poor health conditions. Following an overview of kinship systems and the construction of gender in the three countries, this paper focuses on several key issues: access to education, employment and income patterns, women's health and health education, family law and the legal rights of women, and state efforts to influence gender-related values and behaviors through mass communication. The experiences of these three countries suggest that even when states are interested in promoting gender equity, their actions are often constrained by the desire to maintain stable family structures. In addition, it is very difficult for states to alter inequitable rural rules of residence and land ownership, which form part of the moral order of rural society. Transition to an urban economy often loosens the constraints to gender equity. The impact of policies to provide opportunities for women's empowerment have been greatly enhanced by communication efforts to alter cultural values that impede women's access to those opportunities. (Contains 59 references.) (SV)
- Published
- 2000
244. Creativity Assessment: Comparability of the Electronic and Paper-and-Pencil Versions of the Wallach-Kogan Creativity Tests
- Author
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Lau, Sing and Cheung, Ping Chung
- Abstract
With a sample of Grade 4 Chinese students, the present study examined whether the electronic version was comparable to the paper-and-pencil version of the Wallach-Kogan Creativity Tests (WKCT). It was found that the two versions generated similar patterns of reliability coefficients and inter-correlation coefficients for the eight creativity measures (verbal and figural fluency, flexibility, uniqueness, and unusualness). Results of MANOVA and subsequent ANOVA revealed that there were no significant differences in the means of all the eight creativity measures assessed by the two versions. These results provided some preliminary evidences for the comparability of the two versions of the WKCT. The availability of the electronic version of the WKCT is in step with the rapid advances in test computerization and it will definitely facilitate creativity research and theorization. (Contains 3 tables.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
245. An Emerging Knowledge-Based Economy in China? Indicators from OECD Databases. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 2004/4
- Author
-
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Criscuolo, Chiara, and Martin, Ralf
- Abstract
The main objective of this Working Paper is to show a set of indicators on the knowledge-based economy for China, mainly compiled from databases within EAS, although data from databases maintained by other parts of the OECD are included as well. These indicators are put in context by comparison with data for the United States, Japan and the EU (or the G7 countries in case no EU totals are available) and data for some of the Asian neighbours of China (Korea, Singapore, Chinese Taipei and Hong Kong) where data for these countries were readily available. This document draws heavily on the Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, copying many of the indicators presented there and borrowing a substantial amount of contextual and methodological explanations. After listing the main outcomes of this study, the paper starts with a section on the economic structure of China and the other economies, followed by a set of trade indicators, showing the opening up of China's economy and the growing importance of trade in high-technology products. Two indicators of foreign investment in China are examined: foreign affiliates and foreign direct investment. Recognizing the importance of human resources to a knowledge-based economy, a range of human resources indicators is presented. Final sections present indicators on R&D (as one of the inputs to the innovation process), and patents (as one of the outputs). A statistical annex brings together a selection of tables of the main indicators shown in the document. OECD database information is also annexed. (A bibliography is included. Contains 11 footnotes, 60 figures, 5 boxes and 26 tables.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
246. The eco-efficiency of pulp and paper industry in China: an assessment based on slacks-based measure and Malmquist–Luenberger index.
- Author
-
Yu, Chang, Shi, Lei, Wang, Yutao, Chang, Yuan, and Cheng, Baodong
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *PAPERBOARD industry , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *WATER pollution , *ENERGY consumption - Abstract
China has become the world largest paper and paperboard producer. However, pulp and paper industry has involved high resource consumption and severe pollution especially for water. This research has assessed the eco-efficiency of China's pulp and paper industry at the national level and provincial level. An overview regarding the cleaner production of China's pulp and paper industry was presented to reveal the measures for reducing environmental impact in the last two decades. Slacks-based measure was used to analyze the efficiency levels of 16 provinces' pulp and paper industries. To uncover the underlying causes of eco-efficiency performance, Malmquist–Luenberger index was calculated to discover the drivers of productivity growth of pulp and paper industries. Our results showed that the pollution treatment of China's pulp and paper industry has made progress in terms of water consumption and water pollution, although the absolute amount of pollution discharge is still large. Chemical oxygen demand emissions are still the first critical influencing factor of pulp and paper industry's inefficiency. Furthermore, efficiency progress was the dominating contribution of the industry's productivity growth between 2010 and 2013. The policies for adjusting the industrial structure of pulp and paper industry have resulted in the scale effects through eliminating backward production capacity and accelerating merger and acquisitions. Moreover, the productivity of pulp and paper industry was underestimated when the undesirable outputs were ignored. It indicates that the stricter environmental regulations have positive effects on paper companies to internalize environmental pressures in the production activities through environmental management. In the future, pulp and paper companies should further internalize the cost of pollution treatment through scale effects and technology improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
247. Green total-factor energy efficiency and its convergence of industrial sub-sectors in China.
- Author
-
Chi, Yuanying, Xu, Situo, and Pang, Yuexia
- Subjects
CLEAN energy ,ENERGY consumption ,TECHNOLOGICAL progress ,WASTE recycling ,ENERGY development ,GREEN technology ,PAPER products - Abstract
Existing literature ignores to consider multiple types of pollutants when analyzing energy efficiency and its convergence. Under this background, using SuperSBM-GML model, the improved entropy method, and convergence model, this paper calculates the green total-factor energy efficiency and its evolution trend of 35 China's industrial sub-sectors considering multiple pollutants, and analyzes its convergence. The results indicate that the average score of industrial green total-factor energy efficiency is low, and there are significant differences among sub-sectors: "Utilization of waste resources" is the highest, while "Manufacture of paper and paper products" is the lowest. The green total-factor energy efficiency shows an overall upward trend from 2006 to 2021, the main driving force comes from technological progress, but numerous sub-sectors have not sufficiently caught up with existing cutting-edge technologies. Specifically, the growth rate of green total-factor energy efficiency in high-energy-consumption sub-sectors is higher than low-to-medium-energy-consumption sub-sectors. There are both σ-convergence and β-convergence in low-to-medium-energy-consumption group, indicating that development of sub-sectors is stable and outstanding. Nevertheless, the high-energy-consumption group only exhibits conditional β-convergence, revealing an imbalance in energy efficiency development. Consequently, formulating the benchmark level of energy efficiency and developing energy efficiency "leader" system are suggested for low-to-medium and high-energy-consumption sub-sectors, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
248. Response Assessment of Thermal Papers from Four Continents to Fingerprint Development by Heat.
- Author
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Bond, John W.
- Subjects
HUMAN fingerprints ,VISUALIZATION ,PAPER dyeing ,COLORING matter ,HEATING ,FORENSIC sciences - Abstract
Latent fingerprint deposits on thermal paper sourced from the U.S., China, the U.K., and Australia have been visualized by heating. U.S. and Chinese sourced paper produced two distinct types of fingerprint development. In one type (type 1), the paper dye colors where the deposit is present (as previously reported) and in the other type (type 2) the 'inverse' of this gives paper coloring only in areas not coincident with the deposit. Both development types gave identifiable fingerprints, the majority fading within 24 h of heating. Fingerprint development from U.K. and Australian sourced paper was exclusively type 1 and resistant to fading. Temperatures for fingerprint visualization were higher for U.S. paper (64-71°C) and Chinese paper (75-95°C) than for U.K. and Australian sourced paper (43-50°C). Particularly for Chinese sourced paper, these temperatures were within a few degrees of the normal paper color temperature. A mechanism for type 2 fingerprint development is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
249. Effect of preparation conditions and washing of activated carbon from paper mill sewage sludge on its adsorptive properties.
- Author
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Li WH, Yue QY, Ma ZH, Gao BY, Li YJ, and Zhao HX
- Subjects
- Adsorption, China, Methylene Blue isolation & purification, Nitrogen isolation & purification, Phosphates isolation & purification, Porosity, Temperature, Triazines isolation & purification, Charcoal chemistry, Industrial Waste analysis, Paper, Sewage chemistry
- Abstract
Sludge-based activated carbon (SAC) was prepared from paper mill sewage sludge by physical activation with steam for wastewater treatment in this study. The effects of preparation variables, including carbonization temperature, carbonization time, activation temperature and activation time, on iodine number and yield were investigated through orthogonal experiments. The influences of washing by deionized water and acid on the characteristics and adsorption capacities of SAC for phosphate, methylene blue and reactive red 24 were also studied. The results indicated that the optimal preparation conditions were: carbonization temperature of 350 °C, carbonization time of 40 min, activation temperature of 800 °C and activation time of 20 min. The characteristics and adsorption capacities of SAC were obviously different before and after washing, especially by acid. The surface area was improved and adsorption capacities for dyes increased after washing, while adsorption capacity for phosphate decreased. The maximum adsorption capacities provided strong evidence of the potential of SAC as an alternative adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
250. Evolution of research topics on the Tibetan Plateau environment and ecology from 2000 to 2020: a paper mining.
- Author
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Chang K, Tao J, Fang C, Li J, Zhou W, Wang X, Yan B, Zeng D, and Chen G
- Subjects
- China, Germany, Tibet, Climate Change, Lakes
- Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau works as an important environmental and ecological barrier for the Asian continent. The researches on Tibetan environment and ecology are becoming extensive, but there is no systematic summary of research hotspots and trends in this field. Here, we analyzed 9180 publications retrieved from the WOS and CNKI during 2000 ~ 2020. The characteristics of publication, keywords with a 5-year interval and co-occurrence analysis were carried out so as to reveal the evolution and development trends of topics. The results show that articles increase dramatically since 2012. Except for common concerns like evolution, climate change, and precipitation, diversity was been studied more by Chinese scholars, while the USA, Germany, UK, and Australia researchers focused more on adaptability, basin western Tibet, lake, barley, and ore-related themes, respectively. Besides, China closely collaborated with the USA, Australia, and Germany in topics of evolution, climate change and degradation, precipitation, and diversity. The institutions located in Chinese different economic regions focused on different research keywords, such as vegetation, growth, trace elements, and geochemistry. The CAS contributed the most articles with 4254, showed advantages both in quantity and quality. Few articles were published by researchers affiliated to Free University of Berlin but with higher citations. It is the only one institute outside of China in the top 20. Main research hotspots include climate change, geology, and diversity. In future researches, ecological management and rehabilitation of mining area and tailings ponds, waste disposal, and changes of soil and water quality are worthy of attention and funding., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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