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102. Formaldehyde Emission Pattern of Melamine Impregnated Paper Decorated Medium Density Fiberboard and its Furniture Products.
- Author
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Chen Chen, Yan Qiu, Yueqian Yang, and Wei Xu
- Subjects
- *
MEDIUM density fiberboard , *FORMALDEHYDE , *MELAMINE , *FURNITURE , *NIGHTSTANDS (Furniture) - Abstract
Melamine-impregnated paper decorated medium-density fiberboard (MIPMDF) is the main board used for wooden furniture materials in China, and the formaldehyde released from the board and furniture products is harmful to human beings and is a wide concern. This paper aimed to pay attention to the formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF and its furniture products. This study utilized a 1 m³climatic chamber to measure the formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF and nightstand made of MIP-MDF in relation to the time and load factors. According to the results, in the 2 to 24 h stage, the emission of formaldehyde in the nightstand made of MIPMDF materials changed significantly, and the overall trend showed a changing trend of first increasing and then declining. The formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF stabilized after 40 h, while the formaldehyde emission of the nightstand stabilized after 60 h. As time passed, the formaldehyde emission changes of MIP-MDF and nightstand were almost the same. The formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF and nightstand has a specific positive correlation with the carrying load. With increased carrying loads, the formaldehyde emission tends to increase, but the degree of influence gradually decreases with the addition of the carrying loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. Bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited papers about the role of gut microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome from 2000 to 2021.
- Author
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Wan, Changshan, Kong, Xiangxu, Liao, Yusheng, Chen, Qiuyu, Chen, Mengshi, Ding, Qian, Liu, Xiaotong, Zhong, Weilong, Xu, Chen, Liu, Wentian, and Wang, Bangmao
- Subjects
- *
BIBLIOMETRICS , *IRRITABLE colon , *GUT microbiome , *CITATION analysis , *WEB databases - Abstract
Aim: Over the last few decades, gut microbiota research has been the focus of intense research and this field has become particularly important. This research aimed to provide a quantitative evaluation of the 100 most-cited articles on gut microbiota and IBS and highlight the most important advances in this field. Methods: The database Web of Science Core Collection was used to download the bibliometric information the top 100 most-cited papers. Microsoft Excel 2021, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R software, and an online analytical platform (https://bibliometric.com/) were was applied to perform bibliometric analysis of these papers. Results: The total citation frequency in the top 100 article ranged from 274 to 2324, with an average citation of 556.57. A total of 24 countries/regions made contributions to the top 100 cited papers, and USA, Ireland, and China were the most top three productive countries. Cryan JF was the most frequently nominated author, and of the top 100 articles, 20 listed his name. Top-cited papers mainly came from the Gastroenterology (n = 13, citations = 6373) and Gut (n = 9, citations = 3903). There was a significant citation path, indicating publications in molecular/biology/immunology primarily cited journals in molecular/biology/genetics fields. Keywords analysis suggested that the main topics on gut microbiota and IBS were mechanisms of microbiome in brain-gut axis." Behavior" was the keyword with the strongest burst strength (2.36), followed by "anxiety like behavior" (2.24), "intestinal microbiota" (2.19), and "chain fatty acid" (1.99), and "maternal separation" (1.95). Conclusion: This study identified and provided the bibliometric information of the top 100 cited publications related to gut microbiota and IBS. The results provided a general overview of this topic and might help researchers to better understand the evolution, Influential findings and hotspots in researching gut microbiota and IBS, thus providing new perspectives and novel research ideas in this specific area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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104. Study Abroad and Student Mobility: Stories of Global Citizenship. Research Paper No. 21
- Author
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University College London (UCL) (United Kingdom), Development Education Research Centre (DERC), Blum, Nicole, and Bourn, Douglas
- Abstract
The opportunity to study abroad is broadly hailed as a route for young people to develop a wide range of knowledge and skills, including intercultural understanding, interpersonal skills, and language learning, among many others. Universities around the world are investing significant resources in developing a variety of study abroad programmes, ranging from short or long term in duration, and from guided to independent study. These may have a number of aims, including to promote individual student learning and development and to enhance student mobility and employability, particularly in the context of a rapid and changeable global employment market. The terms 'global citizen', 'global graduate', 'global skills' and 'global mindset' have all taken on increased significance within this context. Limited research has been conducted, however, to explore students' own perspectives of these terms. This small scale study therefore set out to explore the perspectives of students on UCL's BASc programme and especially to better understand where and how the learning they gained during study abroad resonates with UCL's global citizenship and student mobility strategies. [Funding was provided by the UCL Global Engagement Office (GEO).]
- Published
- 2019
105. Cross-Border Higher Education for Regional Integration:Analysis of the JICA-RI Survey on Leading Universities in East Asia. JICA-RI Working Paper. No. 26
- Author
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Kuroda, Kazuo, Yuki, Takako, and Kang, Kyuwon
- Abstract
Set against the backdrop of increasing economic interdependence in East Asia, the idea of regional integration is now being discussed as a long-term political process in the region. As in the field of the international economy, de facto integration and interdependence exist with respect to the internationalization of the higher education system in East Asia. Based on the results of a comprehensive Japan International Cooperation Agency Research Institute (JICA-RI) survey of 300 leading higher education institutions active in cross-border higher education, located in ten Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member Southeast Asian countries and three Northeast Asian countries (China, Japan, and Korea), this paper examines universities perceptions of the degree of cross-border activities, the significance of their expected outcomes, and their regional preferences for partners. The objective is to envision a direction for a future regional higher education framework in East Asia and to consider the policy implications of the internationalization of higher education in East Asia in the context of regionalization. The findings related to the degree of cross-border activities suggest a current perception that there is more prominent in conventional than in innovative activities, but that innovation will rise considerably in the future. With respect to the significance of expected outcomes,academic and political expected outcome are perceived to be more significant than economic expected outcome, which are nevertheless expected to be more significant in the future. Finally, in terms of their preferred regions of partners, universities in East Asia overall place a high priority on building partnerships within their own region. Yet, among Northeast Asian universities, North America is perceived as the most active partner. (Contains 3 figures, 21 tables, and 13 footnotes.) [This paper was prepared as part of a Japan International Cooperation Agency Research Institute (JICA-RI) research project titled, "Cross-border Higher Education for Regional Integration and the Labor Market in East Asia."]
- Published
- 2010
106. Annual Proceedings of Selected Papers on the Practice of Educational Communications and Technology Presented at the Annual Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (33rd, Anaheim, California, 2010). Volume 2
- Author
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology and Simonson, Michael
- Abstract
For the thirty-third year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. This is Volume #2 of the 33rd "Annual Proceedings of Selected Papers on the Practice of Educational Communications and Technology." This volume includes papers presented at the national convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology held in Anaheim, California. The papers in this volume primarily deal with instruction and training issues. Papers dealing with research and development are contained in the companion volume (Volume #1). (Individual papers contain references, tables, and figures.) [For Volume 1, see ED514646.]
- Published
- 2010
107. Penning the stakes: paper and the post/colonial music archive in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
- Author
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Liao, Yvonne
- Subjects
- *
MUSIC , *TWENTIETH century , *IMPERIALISM , *POSTCOLONIAL analysis - Abstract
The not-so-bygone worlds of music and colonialism in the twentieth century have yielded a wealth of scholarly 'paper knowledge' in the twenty-first of which to build off new archival-musicological work. This article takes a particular archiving direction by turning to paper itself – and pivots the postcolonial pen around the texts and textures of re-engaging colonial history in postcolonial music scholarship. I explore these writing stakes through my adopted narrative of 'the post/colonial music archive', as shaped by paper and paper's sounding elements of tone and voice. Crisscrossing between the colonial moment and the postcolonial pen, I straddle this developing narrative of the archive, and the registers and inflections of extant source narration for what they can jointly vocalize about the music making of the Municipal Brass Band in 1930s treaty port Shanghai, and the Sino-British Club in postwar colonial Hong Kong – two ostensible musical worlds of 'Britain in China' in the twentieth century, here thrown into disarray by the post/colonial archive's own inchoate, counter-tales. Ultimately, in this process, postcolonial music scholarship gains further traction and meaning as a multi-articulating inquiry – and a turn of mind that does not let colonial history and its persistent challenges for writing go askew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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108. Embodied Carbon and Influencing Factors of China's Paper Industry's Export Trade to the United States.
- Author
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Limin Geng, Wenxing Shen, and Zenan Xu
- Subjects
- *
TECHNOLOGICAL progress , *CARBON nanofibers , *PAPER industry , *CARBON emissions , *CARBON offsetting , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *ENERGY conservation - Abstract
The paper industry is a high-carbon emission and energy-intensive industry. From the perspective of low-carbon trade and carbon neutrality, its energy conservation and emission reduction are worthy of attention. This study used the input-output model to calculate the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States from 2006 to 2020 and used the logarithmic mean division index (LMDI) method to analyze influencing factors of the change of embodied carbon emissions. The study found that the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States generally shows a stable downward trend after reaching the peak with the increase of export trade scale; scale effect is the main factor that causes the embodied carbon emissions, while technological progress, policy support, and environmental regulations are important driving forces to promote carbon emission reduction. The research results of this paper not only can test and guide China’s paper industry trade policies and industrial policies, but they can also provide decision-making reference for China and the United States to promote the carbon emission reduction of the paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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109. Applying micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive characterization of coating and coating pigments on ancient Chinese papers.
- Author
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Li, Tao, Liu, Chuang, and Wang, Dongmei
- Subjects
RAMAN spectroscopy ,X-ray spectroscopy ,PAPER products ,SURFACE preparation ,TOMOGRAPHY - Abstract
The coating technique, supposedly invented by Chinese papermakers no later than the 3rd century AD, greatly improved paper sheets' qualities of color, texture, writability, and printability. Alongside the dispersal of papermaking and surface-treatment techniques beyond China, coated papers were manufactured and used in many other regions of the world. Understanding the manufacture of coated papers, therefore, is crucial for perceiving how surface treatments were developed to meet the need for paper with enhanced properties. However, the characterization of coating and coating pigments on ancient Chinese papers has long remained an unsolved issue, and previous studies on this topic have often produced inconclusive results. To explore a non-invasive methodology that can more reliably characterize coated papers and the coating pigment on them, this article presents the results of a pilot study that applied micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and Raman spectroscopy to samples of three Qing Dynasty (1644–1911 AD) papers and two handmade papers manufactured in China in the 1990s. Micro-CT revealed the coating layer(s) on Lajian (waxed coated paper) and Lengjinjian (gold-dusted paper) of the Qing Dynasty and characterized the modern raw xuan and bamboo papers as uncoated. Raman spectroscopy, together with handheld X-ray fluorescence analysis, identified the mineral-based pigment in the coating layer, suggesting the use of lead white or kaolin as the coating pigment. Additionally, Raman analysis confirmed the use of other mineral pigments (red lead and cinnabar), beeswax, and organic dyes (gamboge, kermesic acid, and possibly purpurin) in the manufacture of Lajian and Lengjinjian papers. The combination of micro-CT and Raman spectroscopy, it is therefore suggested, is a practical, more reliable approach for non-invasive investigation of coating and coating pigments on ancient Chinese paper specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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110. The Art of Paper Tearing With Sing Man Lee.
- Author
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Li, Dan
- Subjects
PAPER arts design ,ARTISTS ,PAPER arts ,ART & culture ,ART ,ARTS education standards - Abstract
The article discusses the art of paper tearing by Hong Kong-based paper-tearing artist Sing Man Lee in his aim to create a bridge between contemporary life and traditional Chinese cultures. Other topics include how Lee made his first paper-tearing artwork, how the art can improve a person's confidence, and an exploration of Lee's artwork through the National Visual Arts Standards.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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111. Unflushable or missing toilet paper, the dilemma for developing communities during the COVID-19 episode.
- Author
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Sun, Shiyi and Han, Jie
- Subjects
- *
TOILET paper , *COVID-19 , *FECES , *PAPER products , *DILEMMA - Abstract
Unlike in developed countries, most public toilets in China do not provide toilet paper onsite and users must bring their toilet paper. Moreover, an open waste bin is placed in each user's cubicle to collect used toilet paper and tissues. Such practices, which are common in East Asia and central America, have induced a dilemma of toilet paper disposal because some municipalities have removed waste bins from public toilets to prevent virus transmission by fecal matter. As a consequence, users were forced to flush down their used toilet paper and tissues. Yet, it is unknown whether standard toilet paper can be flushed easily without causing issues in sewer operations. Here, we surveyed the conditions of toilets in university campus and other public facilities in different regions across China. We also evaluated the disintegration characteristics of toilet paper products both by conducting online surveys and by physical disintegration experiments. We found that only 15% of toilets provided toilet paper, while open waste bins occurred at nearly all sites. Further, our survey indicated that 82% of toilet paper products sold in China did not give any indication on their flushability, whereas 77% of US products did. Disintegration results showed that none of the five popular, best-selling toilet paper products passed the flushability standard. We propose strategies to solve the current toilet paper dilemma in developing communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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112. Annual Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Papers Presented at the National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (30th, Anaheim, California, 2007). Volume 1
- Author
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Washington, DC. and Simonson, Michael
- Abstract
For the thirtieth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Anaheim, California. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains several dozen research and development papers dealing with instructional technology and instructional design. (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 2, see ED499896.]
- Published
- 2007
113. A Study of the Influence of Collaboration Networks and Knowledge Networks on the Citations of Papers in Sports Industry in China.
- Author
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Zhang, Yu, Ding, Jianlan, Yan, Hui, He, Miao, and Wang, Wei
- Subjects
CITATION networks ,SPORTS business ,PAPER industry ,SOCIAL network analysis ,SOCIAL media ,5G networks - Abstract
A scientific paper's citation represents its influence, which is the most intuitive indicator to access the quality of papers. This paper mainly adopts the social network analysis method, using the authors and the keywords of sports industry papers in China to constitute the networks of collaboration and knowledge, to explore effects of the degree centrality of authors and keywords and the structural hole of authors and keywords on the citation of papers in the collaboration and knowledge networks and draw the following conclusions: (1) as for collaboration networks, the degree centrality at the paper level is positively correlated with citations; (2) in the collaboration network, the positive correlation between the structural hole at the paper level and citations does not exist; (3) within knowledge networks, an inverted- U shape was found between degree centrality and paper's citation; and (4) within knowledge networks, a positive correlation is in existence between the structural hole of papers and their citation. This study synthesizes the already widely used collaboration network with the knowledge network constructed through keywords, distinguishes from the previous network features focusing at the author level, and explores research projects of Chinese Sports Industry from the paper level, providing a new perspective for the research of sports industry in China, complementing the methods and ideas of sports industry research, as well as providing a reference for the research in other disciplinary fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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114. Organizational Diversity in Chinese Private Higher Education. PROPHE Working Paper Series. WP No. 17
- Author
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Program for Research on Private Higher Education, Cai, Yuzhuo, and Yan, Fengqiao
- Abstract
Organizational diversity has been empirically proved as a prevailing phenomenon in the global expansion of private higher education. Chinese private higher education, which surged as a response to supplement public education provision and absorb demands in the education market, demonstrates different organizational forms and operational models. While there is ample evidence about variations in private higher education, there is a lack of theoretical accounts for the diversity. This article tries to provide a theoretical understanding of organizational diversity in Chinese private higher education through a revised lens of institutionalism. It discovers a number of conditions leading to diversification of private higher education in China, such as the short history as an organizational field, lack of firm or extensive legal and normative framework, severe inter-organizational competition, decentralized system and variations of economies and policies among provinces, higher institutional autonomy, as well as hierarchy and business nature. At the same time, the paper finds isomorphic tendencies due to private institutions' imitation of programs from their public counterparts and inter-organizational imitation within the private sector, arising from shared values among teachers and increasing governmental regulation on private higher education. (Contains 1 table.)
- Published
- 2011
115. ICCE/ICCAI 2000 Full & Short Papers (Globalization vs. Localization).
- Abstract
This document contains two papers on globalization versus localization from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction). The first paper, "Implementing Modern Approaches to Teaching Computer Science: A Cross-Cultural Perspective" (Jill Slay and Kam W. Li), examines techniques that may be used to motivate and support computer science learning, focusing on implications for Asia and particularly for mainland China. The second paper, "Reflections on Educational Technology from Female Asian Faculty's (FAF) Perspectives" (Doris Lee, Amy S.C. Leh, Mei-Yan Lu, and Mei-Yau Shih), presents the perspectives of four panelists (four female Asian faculty members) on how the instructional technology field has influenced current faculty development, corporate training, in-service teacher education, and pre-service teacher education. (MES)
- Published
- 2000
116. Digitizing death: commodification of joss paper on Chinese online cemetery.
- Author
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Xu, Yizhou
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC paper ,ANCESTOR worship ,COMMODIFICATION ,CEMETERIES ,BIOECONOMICS ,BEREAVEMENT - Abstract
This article explores the digitalization of traditional funeral joss paper into digital commodities through the case study of the Chinese online cemetery 00tang.com. Joss paper are paper replicas of everyday items such as money and objects that are ritually burned as a form of symbolic offering to the deceased in accordance with traditional Chinese practices of ancestor worship. Using both ethnographic interviews and discursive interface analysis, I look at how the remediation of spiritual joss paper into digital objects complicates perceived dichotomy between the gift and commodity that requires new ways of thinking about the acts of social reciprocity, indebtedness, and obligation. Drawing on established literature relating to gift and digital economies, I argue 00tang's digitization of joss paper on internet cemeteries is reflexive of the biopolitical means by which the state and market forces work to subsume traditional ancestor worship into controllable and commodifiable labor of mourning. Here, the subversive wastefulness of the gift is replaced by its accumulation and preservation online. Digitization in this regard highlights the process by which objects take on different materiality, values, aesthetics, and productive labor practices, all of which fundamentally alters the symbolic regimes of death and the ritual gift economy in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
117. Higher Education in China: Consulting for the Asian Development Bank on Higher Education Reform. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
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Mauch, James
- Abstract
This paper examines the relationship of the Chinese National Academy of Educational Administration, the Asian Development Bank, and a consulting U.S. university in a project to provide technical assistance for senior Chinese university administrators in management training and modernization of facilities. Although the higher education component in China is relatively small, the central government expects it to play a key role in social and economic development. The government also wants to decentralize university administration and reduce its share of the financial burden, but at the same time not lose complete control. Sections of the paper discuss the development of Chinese higher education, sources of funding for higher education, private higher education, the need to decentralize the administrative structure, and issues of efficiency, effectiveness, and expansion. Issues addressed include free education in China losing out to market forces; a growing disparity between rich and poor; increasing demand for higher education as a result of the growth of secondary education; and the need for legal codes on which to base policies and protect the rights of institutions, their administrators, faculty, and students. (Contains 25 references.) (RH)
- Published
- 1999
118. On improving the English language ability of Science Citation Index papers for medical postgraduates through flipped classroom teaching.
- Author
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Changyou Wang
- Subjects
LANGUAGE ability ,FLIPPED classrooms ,SCIENTIFIC ability ,CITATION indexes ,ENGLISH language ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
Medical postgraduates are the new force of scientific research groups in China. However, the limitation of their English language ability restricts their publication of high-level Science Citation Index (SCI) papers to a large extent. Measures to improve students' SCI language ability from macro, intermediate and micro aspects were discussed through flipped classroom teaching mode, such as students' reading papers before class, students' practicing paper writing after class, and teacher's making comments in class. The feedback from the questionnaire showed that 96.65% of the students were satisfied with the teaching mode and 93.57% of them had improved their confidence in SCI writing. For the problems mentioned in the feedback, it was suggested that colleges and universities should formulate policies to encourage teachers to engage in medical English teaching, meanwhile teachers should constantly improve their professional quality, so as to help students improve their SCI language ability rapidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
119. Science Teachers' Satisfaction: Evidence from the PISA 2015 Teacher Survey. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 168
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Mostafa, Tarek, and Pál, Judit
- Abstract
In 2015, for the first time in its history, PISA (the Programme for International Student Assessment) asked teachers to describe the various aspects of their working environment and teaching practices. This paper examines how teacher, student, and school characteristics are related to science teachers' satisfaction in 19 PISA-participating countries and economies. The findings show that the most satisfied science teachers tend to be those who are initially motivated to become teachers. The results also highlight the positive relationship between science teachers' satisfaction and teacher collaboration, good disciplinary climate in science classes, availability of school resources, and the opportunity to participate in professional-development activities.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
120. Has the development of the digital economy raised or lowered the level of carbon emissions in cities?-Evidence from China.
- Author
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Mingxuan Liu
- Subjects
HIGH technology industries ,CARBON emissions ,CITIES & towns ,ENERGY consumption ,ELECTRONIC paper ,CARBON nanofibers ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,INDUSTRIAL energy consumption - Abstract
This paper studies the impact of digital economy development on carbon emissions, which is a hot topic in the field of environmental economics. This topic is within the scope of the Frontiers in Environmental Science and is particularly in line with the theme of Environmental Economics and Management section in the journal. Firstly, this paper constructs the Digital Economy Development Index and its variable indicators to measure the development of the digital economy. Secondly, this paper uses urban panel data to reveal the impact of digital economy development on carbon emissions, and further adopts IV method to deal with endogeneity issues. Thirdly, this paper performs the heterogeneity analyses depending on the characteristics of the city. The results can provide a basis for formulating differentiated policies. Fourthly, this paper further explores the mechanism by which the digital economy affects carbon peaking. The results show that the digital economy may influence carbon peaking through upgrading of the industrial structure, technical innovation, and energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
121. The differential impacts of coercive pressure from environmental law and proactive environmental strategy on corporate environmental performance: The case study of a pulp and paper company.
- Author
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Gu, Fangyu and Xie, Yu
- Subjects
BUSINESS planning ,PAPER pulp ,ENVIRONMENTAL law ,ORGANIZATIONAL performance ,PAPER industry ,USER-generated content - Abstract
Pulp and paper companies are characterized by high‐energy consumption and high‐emission in production, placing a heavy burden on the environment. Exploring ways to improve their environmental performance is urgently needed. External coercive pressure from environmental law and internal proactive environmental strategy both enable companies to perform better, but little is known about the difference between them. To close this knowledge gap, our analysis is conducted on a case company in pulp and paper industry to compare the differential impacts of the New Environmental Protection Law of China and the proactive environmental strategy on its environmental performance. In addition, accurately evaluating the environmental performance of pulp and paper companies is essential while research on this topic is scant. Therefore, a novel environmental performance evaluation system for pulp and paper companies (EPESPP) is constructed, including not only internal but also external evaluation indexes based on news reports of various media measured by SNOWNLP sentiment analysis. According to the system, the environmental performance of the case company from 2010 to 2018 is evaluated by the entropy‐weight‐based catastrophe progression method (EWCPM). The results of our case study show that the implementation of a proactive environmental strategy is more conducive to comprehensively improving corporate environmental performance. In other words, the driving effect of the New Environmental Protection Law is not as strong as that of the proactive environmental strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
122. funding and research trends in library and information science of NSSFC: Comparison of awards and papers.
- Author
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Xiang, Jianqin and Wang, Haiyan
- Subjects
INFORMATION science ,LIBRARY science ,LIBRARY research ,RESEARCH funding ,MEDICAL informatics - Abstract
Subject to various restrictive requirements on project application and completion, funded projects are often affected by funding policies for the selection of research objects. This study explored the impact of scientific research funding policies on the funding and research by comparing the topic distribution of awards and papers. A total of 1,870 awards and 16,491 papers of the National Social Science Foundation of China (NSSFC) in library and information science (LIS) were collected from a Chinese research project database. According to the results, the growth rate of awards on most topics is higher than that of papers, while the growth rate of papers on the relevant topics to users, technology, and metrology is higher than that of awards. It was found out in the study that the topics funded by NSSFC were imbalanced. NSSFC provides much more funding to traditional topics rather than emerging topics. As indicated by the funding provided to the projects on traditional topics for research on a large number of papers on emerging topics, however, the innovation and diversity of academic research have yet to be restricted. This study demonstrated that the effect of funding policies on the research topics in LIS is significant. Topic suggestions and funding structure of NSSFC have more impacts on award topics than on paper topics. The influence of NSSFC-recommended topics on paper topics is declining year by year. Additionally, awards with high funding intensity are more susceptible to topic suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
123. Annual Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Papers Presented at the National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (25th, Dallas, Texas, 2002). Volume 2
- Author
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Washington, DC., Lamboy, Carmen, and Simonson, Michael
- Abstract
For the twenty-fifth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. This is Volume 2 of the 25th Annual Proceedings of Selected Papers On the Practice of Educational Communications and Technology Presented at The National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology held in Dallas, Texas. This volume contains papers primarily dealing with instruction and training issues. Papers dealing with research and development are contained in the companion volume (25th Annual, Volume 1), which also contains over 60 papers. The papers contained in this document represent some of the most current thinking in educational communications and technology. (Individual papers contain references, figures and tables.) [For Volume 1, see ED496300. For Volumes 1 and 2 of the 2001 proceedings, see ED470066.]
- Published
- 2002
124. Annual Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Papers Presented at the National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (25th, Dallas, Texas, 2002). Volume 1
- Author
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Washington, DC., Simonson, Michael, and Crawford, Margaret
- Abstract
For the twenty-fifth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Dallas, TX. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. Volume 2 contains over 60 papers. (Individual papers contain references and tables.) [For Volumes 1 and 2 of the 2001 proceedings, see ED470066.]
- Published
- 2002
125. Feature Extraction Technology-Guided Visual Communication Design for Folk Paper-Cutting.
- Author
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Gao, Yun
- Subjects
FEATURE extraction ,VISUAL communication ,PAPER arts ,IMAGE recognition (Computer vision) ,ART - Abstract
Folk paper-cut art is one of the bright pearls, with a wide range of shapes and a long history, that serves as a model for modern visual communication design in China and encourages designers to think creatively. Integrating emotional elements into a design not only can elicit an emotional response from the viewer but also can make works created using traditional rational thinking more vivid, energetic, and touching. The main focus of this research is on the path and method of incorporating folk paper-cut emotion into visual communication design. The research status of various feature extraction methods and image recognition methods at home and abroad is examined in depth in this paper. For the recognition of distorted images that are not transformed by mathematics, some effective methods are proposed. They are used to recognize artistic images of paper-cut patterns because they can extract effective features that are not affected by translation, rotation, scale change, or small deformation. Experiments have shown that they have a positive impact. The use of folk paper-cut art in visual communication design not only improves the quality of design work but also generates new ideas for the transmission and development of other traditional Chinese cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
126. Recycling sustainability of waste paper industry in Beijing City: An analysis based on value chain and GIS model.
- Author
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Yang, Guang, Zhou, Chuanbin, Wang, Wenlai, Ma, Shijun, Liu, Hongju, Liu, Yijie, and Zhao, Zhilan
- Subjects
- *
VALUE chains , *PAPER recycling , *SUSTAINABLE development , *ELECTRONICS recycling , *PAPER industry , *WASTE paper , *VALUE engineering - Abstract
• Index of recycling sustainability for assessing waste paper recycling. • Integrating methodology of GIS and value chain model. • Historical changes of informal recyclables distribution sites in Beijing. • Value chain of waste paper recycling in Beijing may face challenges in the future. • Policy implications to improve waste paper recycling in Beijing. China established a self-organized and market-driven recycling system, which was dominated by the informal sectors. In recent years, the amount of domestically-recycled waste paper grew slower than expectation in China, which may be resulted from a decline in economic sustainability of current recycling system. For understanding the waste paper recycling system in most cities in China, the economic mechanism remains unclear and the city-level data is extremely insufficient. In this work, an index of recycling sustainability (IRS, benefit divided by cost) is analyzed with a resolution of 1 km2 grid in Beijing City, by adopting value chain and GIS methodology. Five degrees of IRS are defined, from high-degree (IRS > 1.10) to low-degree (IRS < 0.95). Different stakeholders in the informal waste paper recycling system were interviewed to fill the data gap. Results show that: (1) from 2015 to 2018, the informal recycling of waste paper accounted for approximate 80% in Beijing; (2) the number of informal recyclables distribution sites decreased from 27 to 11, and their average distance to the city-center rose from 27.5 km to 40.9 km; (3) in 2015 and 2018, the grids with high-degree IRS accounted for 99.5% and 89.2%, respectively, indicating a sustainable waste paper recycling industry in Beijing; and (4) according to the scenario analysis, if the operating cost rises by 30%, the grids with low-degree IRS accounts for 98.5%, indicating a nontrivial challenges when the recycling cost keeps increasing in the future. Policy recommendations are put forward for a more sustainable paper waste recycling system in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
127. Importance of preflocculated Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) floc size on paper strength
- Author
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Li, Tao, Zhang, Meiyun, and Song, Shunxi
- Published
- 2017
128. IFLA General Conference, 1992. Division of Education and Research: Editors of Library Journals (RT); Section on Research in Reading; Section on Women's Interest in Librarianship; Section on Education and Training; Continuing Professional Education (RT); Section on Library Theory and Research. Papers.
- Author
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, London (England).
- Abstract
The following 19 papers were delivered at the 1992 annual meeting of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions for the Division of Education and Research: (1) "Across the Frontiers: Impact of Foreign Journals in Library Science in India: A Citation Analysis" (M. A. Gopinath); (2) "Children and Reading in Israel" (I. Sever); (3) "Investigations into Reader Interest and Reading in Lithuania, 1918-1990" (V. Rimsa); (4) "Ethnic and Social Problems of Reading in Kazakhstan" (R. Berdigalieva); (5) "The USA Experience: Views and Opinions of an Asian American Librarian" (S. H. Nicolescu); (6) "The Implications for Libraries of Research on the Reading of Children" (M. L. Miller); (7) "Women's Status in Librarianship, the UK Experience" (S. Parker); (8) "Women's Interests in Librarianship, Resources on Women: Their Organization and Use" (H. Parekh); (9) "Information for Research on Women and Development" (A. Vyas); (10) "The Contribution of S. R. Ranganathan's Scientific School to the Informatization of Education for Library Science in the World" (J. N. Stolyarov and E. A. Nabatnikova); (11) "Library and Information Science Education Policy in India" (N. L. Rao and C. R. Karisiddappa); (12) "The Market in the Gap: Continuing Professional Education in the South Pacific" (J. Evans); (13) "Continuing Education Programmes for Teachers in Library and Information Science and Academic Library Professionals in South India" (A. A. N. Raju); (14) "Continuing Professional Education in China: A Decade Retrospective" (D. Xiaoying); (15) "Grounded Theory and Qualitative Methodology" (D. E. Weingand); (16) "Research in the Outskirts of Science: The Case of Mexico" (J. Lau); (17) "Society's Library: Leading to the Realization of the Five Laws--In Memory of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan" (L. Minghua); (18) "The Role of Library and Information Science Reviews in the Development of the Profession and Services" (M. Poulain); and (19) "Journal Publications in Africa: The Trouble with Authors and Readers" (L. O. Aina). Several papers are followed by references. (SLD)
- Published
- 1992
129. ICCE/ICCAI 2000 Full & Short Papers (Special Education).
- Abstract
This document contains the following full and short papers on special education from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "Automated Quantitative Extraction Method of Aesthetic Impression from Color Images Using the Tone in the HLS Muncell Color Space" (Toshinori Yamasaki, Tetsuo Hattori, and Yukihiro Matsubara); (2) "Present State and Future Direction of Woman Informatization Education in Korea" (In-Hwan Yoo, Chul-Hyun Lee, Soo-Bum Shin, and Tae-Wuk Lee); (3) "Research on Teaching Da-Yi Chinese Keyboarding by Using Adaptive Input Interface" (Ming-Chung Chen, Hwa-Pey Wang, and Lih-Ching Chen Wang); and (4) "The Effectiveness of Integrating Adaptive Computer Device and Stimulus Fading Strategy on Word-Recognition for Students with Moderate Mental Retardation" (Ming-Chung Chen, Tien-Yu Li, Hwa-Pey Wang, and Kou-Ping Yang). (MES)
- Published
- 2000
130. ICCE/ICCAI 2000 Full & Short Papers (Humanities and Learning Technology).
- Abstract
This document contains the following full and short papers on humanities and learning technology from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "A Web-Based EFL Writing Environment: Integrating Information for Learners, Teachers, and Researchers" (David Wible, Chin-Hwa Kuo, Anne Liu, and Nai-Lung Tsao); (2) "Integrating Web-Based Materials into Course Design" (Lilly Lee Chen); (3) "Is Everyone on Board: Learning Styles and the Internet" (Michelle Hsiang, Ellen Storey Vasu, Marsha Alibrand, Nancy Atkins, and Jane Steelman); (4) "Research on Teaching Da-Yi Chinese Keyboarding by Using Adaptive Input Interface" (Ming-Chung Chen, Hwa-Pey Wang, and Lih-Ching Chen Wang); (5) "Strategies for Searching in the WWW" (Meng-Jung Tsai); (5) "The Internet-Based Educational Resources of the U.S. Federal Government" (Andy Wang and Krishelle Leong-Grotz); and (6) "Which Chinese Input Methods Is More Suitable for Sixth-Grade Pupils? Keyboarding or Non-Keyboarding" (Weichung Wang and Tainshu Ma). (MES)
- Published
- 2000
131. China-U.S. Conference on Education. Collected Papers. (Beijing, People's Republic of China, July 9-13, 1997).
- Author
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ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Student Services, Greensboro, NC. and Walz, Garry R.
- Abstract
This book contains papers presented by educators during the China-U.S. Conference on Education in July, 1997. Only papers prepared by American authors were received and included in this collection. Chapters included are (1) "Art, Education, and Community: Arts Genesis, Inc." (C. S. Kestler); (2) "Applications of Portfolio Assessment in a Teaching and Nursing Program" (P. Ashelman, C. Dorsey-Gaines, G. Glover-Dorsey); (3) "Creative Dance Improvisation: Fostering Creative Expression, Group Cooperation, and Multiple Intelligences" (M. A. Brehm, C. M. Kampfe); (4) National Diffusion Network: Project Enrichment Exemplary Program" (R. Callard-Szugit); (5) "A Systems Approach to Improving Teacher Development in Kansas" (K. S. Gallagher, R. J. Gallagher); (6) "Future Problem Solving: Connecting the Present to the Future" (J. B. Jackson, L. Crandell, L. Menhennett); (7) "Transformative Dimensions of Mentoring: Implications for Practice in the Training of Early Childhood Teachers" (A. Martin, J. Trueax); (8) "The Building: An Adaptation of Francis Debyser's Writing Project: A Global Simulation to Teach Language and Culture" (M. C. Magnin); (9) "Report Cards: Stepping Away from Tradition" (S. L. Whittle); (10) "Variability in Response to Life Transitions: Application of a Transition Model" (C. M. Kampfe); (11) "Life-Long Learning: Learning To Be Productive" (T. K. Oester, D. E. Oester); (12) "Teacher Assistance Teams: A System for Supporting Classroom Teachers in China or the United States" (M. Van Dusen Pysh, J. C. Chalfant); (13) "Collaborative School Improvement: An Integrated Model for Educational Leaders" (E. A. Perry); (14) "Professor-in-Residence: Redefining the Work of Teacher Educators" (F. M. Simpson); (15) "Emerging Priorities and Emphases in School Counseling, Guidance, and Student Services" (G. R. Walz, J. C. Bleuer). Information on ERIC resources is appended. (EMK)
- Published
- 1999
132. The Global Competition for Talent: The Rapidly Changing Market for International Students and the Need for a Strategic Approach in the US. Research & Occasional Paper Series. CSHE.8.09
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education, Douglass, John Aubrey, and Edelstein, Richard
- Abstract
There is growing evidence that students throughout the world no longer see the US as the primary place to study; that in some form this correlates with a rise in perceived quality and prestige in the EU and elsewhere; and further, that this may mean a continued decline in the US's market share of international students. There clearly are a complex set of variables that will influence international education and global labor markets, including the current global economic recession. Ultimately, however, we think these factors will not alter the fundamental dynamics of the new global market, which include these facts: the international flow of talent, scientific or otherwise, is being fundamentally altered as nations invest more in educational attainment and human capital; the US will continue to lose some of its market share over time--the only question is how quickly and by how much; and without a proactive strategy, nations such as the US that are highly dependent on global in-migration of talented students and professionals are most vulnerable to downward access to global talent, with a potentially significant impact on future economic growth. This study provides data on past and recent global trends in international enrollment, and offers a set of policy recommendations for the US at the federal, state, and institutional level. This includes our recommendation of a national goal to double the number of international students in the US over the next decade to match numbers in a group of competitor nations, and requires recognition that the US will need to strategically expand its enrollment capacity and graduation rates to accommodate needed increases in the educational attainment rate of US citizens, and to welcome more international students. Attracting talent in a global market and increasing degree attainment rates of the domestic population are not mutually exclusive goals. Indeed, they will be the hallmarks of the most competitive economies. (Contains 6 figures and 41 endnotes.)
- Published
- 2009
133. A Comparative Study of U.S. Community Colleges and Counterpart Institutions in the Higher Education System of China. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
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Kong, Xiangping and Gimmestad, Michael J.
- Abstract
This paper examines the development in China of junior colleges (JCs) and adult higher education institutions (HEIs) and compares them to their community college counterparts in the United States, focusing on what China can learn from the American experience. It notes that higher education in China has expanded rapidly in recent years, with the number of colleges and universities more than doubling between 1977 and 1995 and enrollment increasing by a factor of five. According to the Ninth Five-Plan for Educational Development and the Long Range Development Program Toward the Year 2010, enrollment is expected to increase from 2.57 million students in 1995 to 4.5 million in 2010. To accommodate the increase, the Chinese government does not plan to expand the number of institutions but rather have the JCs and HEIs expand their current scale of operations by increasing enrollment. It is recommended that the Chinese government establish specific policy guidelines for further developing JCs and HEIs, that educational leaders be granted more autonomy to operate their institutions, that JCs and HEIs consider more open admissions policies, articulate transfer arrangements between JCs and HEIs and four-year institutions, and ensure that JCs and HEIs are properly funded. (Contains 11 references.) (MDM)
- Published
- 1998
134. Preparation of cellulose nanocrystals based on waste paper via different systems.
- Author
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Jiang, Qiwen, Xing, Xinyue, Jing, Yi, and Han, Ying
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *CELLULOSE nanocrystals , *TRANSMISSION electron microscopes , *SCANNING electron microscopes , *REFUSE containers , *RECYCLED paper - Abstract
China, a big paper-making country, produced hundreds of millions of tons of waste paper which contain a lot of fiber every year. Cellulose nanocrystals were extracted from recycled waste paper which can be a high value utilization of secondary fiber. In this paper, cellulose nanocrystals were successfully extracted from waste paper fibers via two different systems, sulfuric acid hydrolysis (SCNCs) and one-step ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation (OCNCs). This not only broadened the methods of extracting CNCs from waste paper, but also improved the dispersion and reactivity of CNCs. The CNCs products were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy for functional group structure, X-ray diffraction for crystal structure, TG-DTG for thermal stability and scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope for morphology. The results showed that both OCNCs and SCNCs were a rod-like structure. The crystallinity of OCNCs and SCNCs increased to 72.45 and 77.56, but with a low yield of 22.42% and 41.22%, respectively. The result also suggested H 2 O 2 formed by decomposition of APS, selectively oxidized the hydroxyl on the C 6 in cellulose to carboxyl, introduced 0.57 mmol/g carboxyl. Successful preparation of CNCs extracted from waste paper can effectively utilize the fiber resources in waste paper, thus transforming into higher economic benefits. • CNCs was successfully extracted from waste paper fibers via different systems. • No ink-towing or bleaching treatment was carried out during the preparation of CNC. • The structure of CNCs prepared via different systems was compared differences completely and systematically [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
135. From the Imperial Examination to the National College Entrance Examination: the Dynamics of Political Centralism in China's Educational Enterprise. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
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Feng, Yuan
- Abstract
This comparative historical study examines political centralism in China in the Imperial Examination and the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE). Both systems served the political needs of the ruling classes and the commoners, although in a limited way for the latter. The Imperial Examination was once a positive force for social development and the NCEE may become an obstacle for political and economic reform if it continues in its current role. Both examinations have contributed to the continuity of political centralism through elite and higher education. The Imperial Exam selected officials for civil services and the NCEE selects students for higher education. Academic requirements are completely different in that the past exam required mirroring of Confucian concepts and rigid rules of composition while the NCEE covers almost all subjects of modern secondary education. The quota systems of the imperial exam were accepted without much complaint while the current quotas have caused many grievances. Finally, those who succeeded through the Imperial examination were loyal to the Emperor while those who succeed under the NCEE have many grievances toward the government. Proposed reform for NCEE looks for greater centralization. The paper argues that NCEE should become a pure educational testing service limited to providing academic assessment. (Contains 66 references.) (JB)
- Published
- 1994
136. Valmet Supplies Key Technology for Shandong Jin Tian He Paper's Board Machine.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *AUTOMATION , *DNA machinery , *SALES executives - Published
- 2024
137. Exploring the Influence of Gender, Seniority and Specialty on Paper and Computer-Based Feedback Provision during Mini-CEX Assessments in a Busy Emergency Department
- Author
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Chang, Yu-Che, Lee, Ching-Hsing, Chen, Chien-Kuang, Liao, Chien-Hung, Ng, Chip-Jin, Chen, Jih-Chang, and Chaou, Chung-Hsien
- Abstract
The mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) is a well-established method of assessing trainees' clinical competence in the workplace. In order to improve the quality of clinical learning, factors that influence the provision of feedback are worthy of further investigation. A retrospective data analysis of documented feedback provided by assessors using the mini-CEX in a busy emergency department (ED) was conducted. The assessors comprised emergency physicians (EPs) and trauma surgeons. The trainees were all postgraduate year one (PGY1) residents. The completion rate and word count for each of three feedback components (positive feedback, suggestions for development, and an agreed action plan) were recorded. Other variables included observation time, feedback time, the format used (paper versus computer-based), the seniority of the assessor, the gender of the assessor and the specialty of the assessor. The components of feedback provided by the assessors and the influence of these contextual and demographic factors were also analyzed. During a 26-month study period, 1101 mini-CEX assessments (from 273 PGY1 residents and 67 assessors) were collected. The overall completion rate for the feedback components was 85.3% (positive feedback), 54.8% (suggestions for development), and 29.5% (agreed action plan). In only 22.9% of the total mini-CEX assessments were all three aspects of feedback completed, and 7.4% contained no feedback. In the univariate analysis, the mini-CEX format, the seniority of the assessor and the specialty of the assessor were identified as influencing the completion of all three components of feedback. In the multivariate analysis, only the mini-CEX format and the seniority of the assessor were statistically significant. In a subgroup analysis, the feedback-facilitating effect of the computer-based format was uneven across junior and senior EPs. In addition, feedback provision showed a primacy effect: assessors tended to provide only the first or second feedback components in a busy ED setting. In summary, the authors explored the influence of gender, seniority and specialty on paper and computer-based feedback provision during mini-CEX assessments for PGY1 residency training in a busy ED. It was shown that junior assessors were more likely to provide all three aspects of written feedback in the mini-CEX than were senior assessors. The computer-based format facilitated the completion of feedback among EPs.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
138. Current State and Development Trends of Education Policy Research in China in the Last Decade (2004-2013): A Statistical Analysis of Papers from Eight Core Chinese Journals
- Author
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Ling, Guo
- Abstract
The author conducted sampling and statistical analysis of papers on education policy research collected by the China National Knowledge Infrastructure in the period from the years 2004--2013. Under the current state of education policy research in China, the number of papers correlates positively with the year; the papers are concentrated in education journals; the researchers are primarily associated with institutions of higher education; and the studies cover a broad range of topics, while emphasizing the practice of education policy. The development trends of education policy research in China include a general rising trend for research on education policy; in the future, researchers from institutions of higher education will continue to be a dominant force in education policy research, and the authors' regional distribution will continue to be imbalanced; education policy research will focus more on educational equity and improved quality, and studies of foreign education policies will continue to be a topic of interest. [This article was translated by Carissa Fletcher.]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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139. The Trajectory of Chinese Doctoral Education and Scientific Research. Center Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.12.07
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education and Ma, Wanhua
- Abstract
Dramatic enrollment expansion at the undergraduate level and institutional diversification are characteristics frequently used to describe major trends in China's massive higher education system. A less understood phenomenon is the relatively new and rapid establishment of graduate level programs that have implications for national economic development. As described in this study, beginning in the early 1980s, the Chinese government launched the first of a number of reforms meant to encourage the development of graduate programs and to change the face of China's higher education system. These programs were a substantial success. The quick development of the Ph.D. programs and the increasing number of students are part of a larger effort by the national government to increase China's national economic competitiveness and to both retain talent and attract Chinese nationals with graduate degrees to return to a robust economy with growing universities and research centers. At the same time, Chinese graduate education is still developing, and it faces many challenges. There is a need to both increase enrollment and to significantly improve the quality of its faculty and academic programs, with a focus on increasing the ability of students to pursue both scientific research and their knowledge of other nations and cultures. (Contains 4 tables and 13 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2007
140. An Overview of Private Education Development in Modern China. Occasional Paper.
- Author
-
Columbia Univ., New York, NY. National Center for the Study of Privatization in Education. and Xu, Zeyu
- Abstract
It is not surprising that private education is gaining importance in China, given the overall context of huge national efforts toward building up a "socialist market economy." However, the fast growth rate in both quantity and quality of profitable private schools in a socialist society has exceeded expectations. This paper examines the modern history of private education in China. The present-day resurgence of private education is rooted in the heritage of private education in Chinese society. Private schools were the precursor of modern Chinese education and played an important role in the country for a long period before 1949. When government policy became more flexible and household income increased substantially, this heritage was revived and became a stimulating factor for the private-education sector. Unfortunately, the system is fraught with difficulties in educational equity and prioritization of subjects. It is common for kindergarteners to learn English before they can speak Chinese fluently, and computer classes are emphasized in many private high schools whereas mathematics is ignored, undermining the establishment of a basic knowledge foundation. As public education expands, private education may face serious challenges in the future if resource diversification and expansion are not balanced with quality. (Contains 25 references.) (RT)
- Published
- 2001
141. The Waning of America's Higher Education Advantage: International Competitors Are No Longer Number Two and Have Big Plans in the Global Economy. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.9.06
- Author
-
California Univ., Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education. and Douglass, John Aubrey
- Abstract
The United States has long enjoyed being on the cutting edge in its devotion to building a vibrant higher education sector. After a century of leading the world in participation rates in higher education, however, there are strong indications that America's advantage is waning. The academic research enterprise remains relatively vibrant. However, participation and degree attainment rates have leveled off and are showing signs of actual decline in a number of major states with large populations--and this seems to be more than just a bump or short-term market correction. Other competitive nations, and in particular key members of the European Union, along with China, India and other developing economies, are aggressively nurturing their higher education systems, expanding access, and better positioning themselves in the global economy. They have been trying harder, while in the US public funding for higher education has declined. The nation's international and domestic concerns lie elsewhere. In addition to outlining these reasons that America's higher education advantage is waning, this article also discusses the possible consequences. (Contains 53 notes.)
- Published
- 2006
142. Country Paper on China.
- Author
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International Bureau of Education, Geneva (Switzerland).
- Abstract
China's first national science curriculum was adopted in the 1950s from the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). With the rapid changes in science and technology over the past 50 years, an educational change became an unavoidable requirement. This document reviews reform movements in the following areas: (1) main problems in Chinese science curriculum; (2) objectives of the reform movement; (3) reform of curriculum structure; (4) science learning, teaching, and assessment; and (5) curriculum management. (YDS)
- Published
- 2000
143. 中国造纸工业2022 年 度 报 告.
- Subjects
CARDBOARD ,PAPER products ,PAPER industry ,WASTE paper ,VALUE (Economics) ,STEEL prices - Abstract
According to the survey of China Paper Association(CPA), in 2022, there are approximately 2,500 paper and paperboard manufacturers in China. Total paper and paper board output registered 124 million tons, up2.64% compared with 2021; paper and paper board consumption was also 124 million tons, down 1.94%; per capita consumption was about 88 kg (population: 1.4 billion). From 2013 to 2022, paper and paper board production grows at an average annual rate of 2.32%, while consumption grows at an average annual rate of 2.67%. In 2022, total pulp, paper, paper board and paper products output amounts to 284 million tons, up 1.32% compared with 2021, in which paper and paperboard output was124 million tons (+2.64%), pulp output was 86 million tons (+5.01%), and paper products output was 74 million tons (-4.65%). Total business revenue registered 1520 billion yuan in 2022, increased by 0.44%; profits totaled 62 billion yuan, declined by 29.79% compared with 2021. According to the Statistics, 2,561 paper manufacturers are included in the survey. From January to December in 2022, their total main business revenue was 890 billion yuan; industrial added value increased by 0.20%; finished goods inventory valued 48 billion yuan, up 12.17%; profit totaled 34 billion, down 37.54%; total assets registered112 million; the asset-liability ratio was 57.64% and liabilities value totaled 645 billion yuan. Among all the paper companies in China, there were 770 companies in the red, taking up 30.07% of all. The import volume of paper and paper board was about 8 million tons (-23.30%), pulp import was 30 million tons (-2.88%), waste paper 570,000 tons (+5.56%), and paper products 160,000 tons (-42.86%).The export volume of paper and paperboard was about 8.6 million tons (56.86%), pulp export was 266,800 tons (+73.02%), waste paper 300 tons (-75.00%), and paper products 5 million tons (+13.70%). 2022 is the most difficult year for China 's paper industry since the global financial crisis in 2008. The whole industry has experienced multiple pressures such as demand contraction and supply chain disruption. In addition, the rising prices of raw materials and energy have further increased the cost of enterprises and greatly reduced economic benefits. Although difficulties have increased, the paper industry has made unremitting efforts to overcome unfavorable factors, achieved a steady increase in production and ensured the market supply of paper products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
144. Interactive Teaching and the Multi Media Revolution: Case Method & Other Techniques. Selected Papers of the International Conference on Case Method Research & Application (15th, Marseille, France, July 9-13, 1998).
- Author
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World Association for Case Method Research and Application, Needham, MA. and Klein, Hans E.
- Abstract
This volume contains conference papers in which representatives from case method-oriented organizations present ideas on interactive, interdisciplinary, intercultural, and international teaching and learning. Eight chapters include: (1) "Case Method Research and Evaluation" (e.g., cross-cultural case research and writing and teaching research by distance education and computer technology); (2) "Adult Learning across Disciplines around the World" (e.g., modeling team learning and preparing teachers for urban settings); (3) "Case Teaching across Disciplines around the World" (e.g., case writing and role playing exercises for teaching legal processes); (4) "Educational Leadership and Case Method Application" (e.g., role plays to teach marketing cases and grading case courses to foster collaborative learning); (5) "Interactive Simulations and Distance Education" (e.g., interactive multimedia simulations in management and computer simulation in symbolic logic classrooms); (6) "The Case Method and the Internet" (e.g., tools to train student teachers for diversity and teaching human rights online); (7) "Case Studies and Writing in Various International Settings" (e.g., collaboration in researching, writing, and publishing cases and a case writers' workshop); and (8) "Applications in the Disciplines" (e.g., meeting marketing challenges of nations in transition and a case approach to improve educational mission impact). (SM)
- Published
- 1999
145. The New Institutionalism: Mismatches with Private Higher Education's Global Growth. PROPHE Working Paper Series. WP No. 3
- Author
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Program for Research on Private Higher Education and Levy, Daniel C.
- Abstract
Spectacular contemporary growth in private higher education challenges the "new institutionalism" and its emphasis on "isomorphism." The growth brings great inter-organizational distinctiveness and is linked to technically rational competition. Findings about this growth and distinctiveness lead us to re-assess and revise tenets of the new institutionalism. Some tenets remain in tack in logic even as they miss on the empirical side, failing to anticipate salient tendencies such as the retreat of the state. The new institutionalism requires much less revision to help us understand the degree of isomorphism that does accompany private higher education growth. The findings come largely from analysis of three countries (Argentina, China, and Hungary), inter-sectoral differences, and organizational goals. They extend our view of variables such as subsectors, environment, and time. They cover both the coercive and non-coercive sides of the new institutionalism's isomorphism. And they encompass international as well as domestic tendencies. Private higher education growth is linked to widespread changes in political-economy. These changes often reduce the centrality of the state and its public institutions while opening up possibilities for alternative organizational goals and means to legitimacy. The findings on private higher education thus allow for speculation on how the new institutionalism can be modified and interpreted in many fields undergoing robust and multi-faceted privatization. (Contains 55 notes.)
- Published
- 2004
146. Differential Analysis of Carbon Emissions between Growing and Shrinking Cities: A Case of Three Northeastern Provinces in China.
- Author
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Song, Yuanzhen, Tian, Jian, He, Weijie, Namaiti, Aihemaiti, and Zeng, Jian
- Subjects
CARBON emissions ,CITIES & towns ,CARBON analysis ,ECONOMETRIC models ,CARBON paper ,URBAN decline - Abstract
Carbon emission issues are becoming increasingly severe, and the carbon emissions in shrinking cities, primarily characterized by population loss, are often overlooked and insufficiently studied. This paper focuses on the carbon emissions from county-level administrative units in China's three northeastern provinces from 2001 to 2017. The study scientifically identified shrinking cities and measured the differences in carbon emission characteristics between growing and shrinking cities using the Theil index. Ultimately, the paper constructs a panel spatial econometric model to analyze the factors influencing them and explore their spatial effects. (1) The total carbon emissions in the Three Northeastern Provinces exhibited an inverted U-shaped trend, increasing from 734.21 million tons in 2001 to 1731.73 million tons in 2017, with the Mann–Kendall trend test showing a significant increase; spatially, this manifests as a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. (2) The region has 138 shrinking cities, accounting for over 50%; regarding carbon emission characteristics, the Theil index has consistently remained above 0.18, indicating significant differences between the carbon emissions of growing and shrinking cities. (3) The panel spatial econometric model results show that the influencing factors of carbon emissions in shrinking cities have unique directions, intensities, and spatial effects. In shrinking cities, aside from localized GDP effects and per-capita GDP acting as a suppressant, the population size has a pronounced inhibitory effect on local and surrounding carbon emissions. The analysis reveals significant differences in the carbon emission patterns and mechanisms between growing and shrinking cities; based on these results, the paper proposes differentiated carbon control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. 单轴及同轴载盐酸米诺环素骨支架抑菌性能的评价.
- Author
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曹怡静, 魏岁艳, 赵 帅, 李冬瑶, 魏 琴, 张旭婧, 许 燕, and 徐国强
- Subjects
BONE grafting ,PORPHYROMONAS gingivalis ,TISSUE scaffolds ,RAPID prototyping ,FILTER paper ,BONE growth - Abstract
Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. CUHK Papers in Linguistics, Number 4.
- Author
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Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong. Linguistics Research Lab., Tang, Gladys, Tang, Gladys, and Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong. Linguistics Research Lab.
- Abstract
Papers in this issue include the following: "Code-Mixing in Hongkong Cantonese-English Bilinguals: Constraints and Processes" (Brian Chan Hok-shing); "Information on Quantifiers and Argument Structure in English Learner's Dictionaries" (Thomas Hun-tak Lee); "Systematic Variability: In Search of a Linguistic Explanation" (Gladys Tang); "Aspect Licensing and Verb Movement in Mandarin Chinese" (Gu Yang); and "Intuitive Judgments of Hong Kong Signers About the Relationship of Sign Language Varieties in Hong Kong and Shanghai" (James Woodward). (JL)
- Published
- 1993
149. Theories and Practices in World Libraries: Papers Presented at the International Symposium on the Development of Theory and Practice of Library Information Science (1st, Wuhan, Hubei, China, May 21-25, 1993).
- Author
-
Wang, Chih
- Abstract
The purpose of this, the first international library conference held in China and sponsored by a Chinese institution, was to enhance the development of library and information science, promote the status of library and information professionals, and exchange ideas of research and practices in the field. In addition to ceremonial speeches, 134 papers were selected and read, most either written in or translated into English. Thirty-one of these papers are abstracted here, and are intended to provide references to scholars and practitioners who are interested in studying the current status and development of library and information services in many locations throughout the world, particularly China. Topics covered by the papers abstracted include: historical development, philosophical foundations, interactions with socioeconomic changes, technology and automation, management, cataloging and classification, preservation, and education. (MAS)
- Published
- 1993
150. ln-fibre synthesis of calcium silicate for fine paper
- Author
-
Xu, Peng, Liu, Zhong, Sun, Junmin, Hui, Lanfeng, and Wang, Chenghai
- Published
- 2016
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