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Achieving comprehensive and high-quality employment is essential to achieving new levels of people's well-being. The advancement of Internet technology not only affect the massiveness of employment, but also the quality of that. On the basis of constructing an employment quality evaluation index system, this article uses CLDS (China Labor-force Dynamics Survey) data to explore the impact of Internet use on the employment quality of workers and its underlying mechanisms. The results reveal that Internet use has a significant positive impact on improving the employment quality of workers. As the quantile of employment quality increases, internet use has a greater impact on workers with a lower employment quality quantile. In addition, the use of Internet has a more significant promoting effect on the employment quality of rural and female workers. From the perspective of mechanism, Internet use can increase workers' social capital and influence their employment quality through the accumulation of social capital. Based on this, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the aspects of increasing investment and construction of Internet infrastructure, further perfecting the reform of household registration system, promoting human capital investment and social capital construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intergenerational transmission of poverty has always been an important issue around the world. This study examines the effects of father's and mother's human and social capital on the income of their children in China by using the data obtained from the 2014 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey. The results show that (1) the effects of the human and social capital of the father and mother on the child's income are heterogeneous. Specifically, the father's education, father work industry and mother work industry have little effect on their child's income. However, the mother's education has a positive and significant effect on a child's income. (2) The effect of the mother's education on child's income is significant but limited, on average, the marginal contribution of the mother's education on the natural logarithm of the child's income is only 1.0%. (3) The child's human capital, including health, education, foreign language ability, and professional ability, significantly affects their income. (4) The results obtained from quantile regression and sub-sample regression support the above findings. Therefore, the effective means of intervening against the intergenerational transmission of poverty should be to help the individual improve their human capital, rather than starting with their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developing countries, it is generally believed that a good health status and education (human capital) bring economic well-being and benefits. Some researchers have found that there are overall financial returns and income premiums correlated with human capital because of its excellent and higher ability. Due to different views and a lack of consensus, the role of human capital is still ambiguous and poorly understood. This study investigates the economic returns of health status, education level, and social interaction, that is, whether and how human capital and social interaction affect employment and income premiums. Using the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) for specification bias, we used the instrumental variable (IV) approach to specify the endogeneity and interaction effect in order to identify the impact and economic returns of human capital and social interaction on the values of other control and observed variables. However, we show that an individual with strong and higher human capital positively affects economic returns, but the variability of these estimates differs across estimators. Being more socially interactive is regarded as a type of social interaction but as not human capital in the labor market; thus, the empirical findings of this study reflect social stability and that the economic well-being of socially active individuals is an advantaged situation. Furthermore, men with substantial human capital and social interaction are in a more advantaged position compared to women with similar abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human capital theory has been one of the most influential theories in national policymaking since the 1980s. The major assertion is that individuals can attain better employment outcomes through investing in degrees and credentials. Following the economic reforms of the late 1970s, Chinese families have reverted to the tradition of investing in the education of their children, hoping that the human capital accumulated through higher education will translate into economic capital, enhancing their children's upward social mobility. However, the rapid expansion of Chinese higher education since 1999 has caused an educational inflation, adversely affecting graduate employment. This article critically examines China's response to global capitalism through bureaucratic adjustment of higher education expansion in managing the market transition and social reproduction of labour challenges within a relatively short historic period of 'compressed development'. Without effective articulation between higher education expansion and the changing labour needs during the market transition, the rush to higher education expansion has created different forms of social and economic contradictions. More specifically, this article argues that social embeddedness including parental influence, institutional policies, and social capital are important factors to be considered in explaining the relationship between education and work in the Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Poverty Alleviation Resettlement (PAR) has been extensively adopted in China as a crucial approach towards achieving poverty eradication goals, resulting in notable successes. Nonetheless, this approach poses significant challenges to the relocated households in sustaining their livelihood in a sustainable manner. Uncovering the impact of different livelihood capitals on livelihood resilience and identifying strategies to enhance farmers' resilience are crucial challenges demanding immediate attention. Within the framework of sustainable livelihoods, this research investigates the relationship between livelihood capitals and resilience among rural households relocated for poverty alleviation in China. The analysis reveals that enhancing the social capital, physical capital, financial capital, and coping behavior of relocated farmers can bolster their livelihood resilience. Although human capital does not directly influence resilient livelihoods, it indirectly contributes through its mediating role in coping behaviors. This paper attempts to remedy the shortcomings of previous studies on the relationship between "livelihood capital and livelihood resilience" that disregarded the transmission of intermediate variables. The outcomes of this study bear significant practical and theoretical implications regarding the improvement of response strategies, the strengthening of farmers' livelihood resilience, and the expansion and refinement of the sustainable livelihood theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the disordered multi-class logistic regression model, using the data from the rural household survey conducted by the Sichuan Rural Development Survey Team in 2016, we analyzed the impact of human capital and social capital on the rural division of labor and gender division of labor in China. In general, human capital factors and social capital factors have important influences on rural family division decision-making and gender division of labor: the improvement of education level promotes the choice of non-agricultural work for both husband and wife. The overall family labor force has a negative impact on the choice of the wife to engage in non-agricultural work alone. Compared with men, women's family division is affected by more kinds of social capital. The conclusion provides an important policy idea for promoting the rural labor force to achieve stable employment and urbanization strategies in the non-agricultural sector and to promote rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual capital has been grabbed the attention of researchers due to its momentous role in sustainable competitive advantage and organizational success. There is a growing catalog of related assessments, publications and reviews that display the direct and indirect role of intellectual capital in business success and profitability. Despite the bourgeoning literature, studies have not yet unleashed the influence of each dimension of intellectual capital; human capital, structural capital and customer capital on SMEs' efficiency with financial resources as a moderator. The present study fills the gap and assesses if financial resources strengthen the paths between the dimensions of intellectual capital and SMEs' efficiency. A survey method was used and collected evidence from 264 Chinese SMEs. The findings exhibit that human capital directly enhances SMEs' efficiency but the presence of financial resources as a moderator weakens the influence. However, social capital and customer capital do not directly improve SMEs' efficiency but financial resources reinforce the paths social and customer capital and SMEs efficiency. This research recommends that owners and managers of SMEs need to use their financial resources complementary with structural and customer capital while human capital should be used exclusively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition economies, such as China, are characterized by volatile and rapidly changing markets. Firms, in order to be successful and get a competitive advantage over their competitors, need to build intangible resources. In the light of the resource‐based view and dominant logic (DL), this study is an endeavor in this regard and proposes that DL and managerial capabilities are intangible resources, which can drive the performance of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). We hypothesized that dynamic managerial capabilities (DMCs), measured by human capital along with social capital and managerial cognition, play a mediating role in the relationship between DL, consisting of proactiveness and routine, and firm performance. The data in this study were obtained through a survey from 204 SMEs in China and were analyzed by structural equation modeling to generate results. We found that while successfully utilizing intangible/operant resources that are characterized as firm dynamic capabilities, SMEs can achieve superior performance and competitive advantage. Our results support the proposed hypotheses that show the importance and significance of DL and DMCs in order to attain higher level of performance. The concept of DL and its impact on SME's performance has been less researched in general, particularly in China. Limited research is available regarding intangible resources and their impact on SME performance in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used the data of the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2014 to examine the effects of livelihood capitals which include natural, material, human, financial, and social capitals on total household income, per capita income, agricultural income, wage income, operational income, and property income inequality among rural households in China. Results showed that different kinds of livelihood capitals have different effects on different types of rural households' income. Specifically; (1) although, the area of cultivated land reduces agricultural income inequality, it increases per capita income inequality. (2) Forest land area enlarges per capita income inequality and total household income inequality. (3) Tractor variable reduces inequality in agricultural income and total household income. (4) While reducing the property income inequality, education variable enlarges the wage income inequality, the per capita income inequality and the total household income inequality. (5) Book variable reduces property income inequality. (6) Loan variable increases inequality in agricultural incomes. (7) Party variable reduces the agricultural income inequality. (8) Although, the internet variable increases agricultural income inequality, and property income inequality, it reduces wage income inequality, operational income inequality, per capita income, and total household income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A better understanding of farmers' energy-saving behaviors can help policy-makers to formulate effective energy policies to reduce energy consumption in rural areas. This study explores the impacts of livelihood capital on farmers' energy-saving behaviors in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China. A total of 471 questionnaires were obtained from randomly sampled households. The results show that there are differences between the implementation of different types of energy-saving behaviors. Farmers' livelihood capital plays a significant role in implementing energy-saving behaviors. Specifically, natural capital and human capital have a significantly negative effect on the implementation of energy-saving behaviors. Physical capital and social capital are conducive to implement energy-saving behaviors. The effect of financial capital varies with different energy-saving behaviors. The findings of this study can contribute to the existing body of knowledge about determinants of farmers' energy-saving behaviors by confirming the role of livelihood capital. The empirical results provide a reference for stakeholders involved in strengthening rural residents' energy-saving behaviors in developing countries like China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the roles of physical capital, human capital, and social capital in China's economic growth during the reform period 1981-2010. Empirical estimation confirms that physical capital and human capital contribute to the economic growth, probably due to the capital accumulation and the improvement of labor productivity. The impact of social capital turns from being insignificant in the 1980s and the 1990s to be positive in the 2000s, suggesting its rising importance in recent decades. A declining role of physical capital in the economic growth in China from 1990s to 2000s is also found. The findings hold for several additional robustness checks, including focusing on longer term determinants of the economic growth, subregional analysis, and endogeneity. Furthermore, the foreign direct investment inflows and adjustment of economic ownership structure are also important for economic growth in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a survey of migrants in 12 cities across four major urbanising areas in China, this paper analyses rural migrants’ intention for permanent urban settlement. We focus on one sizeable but often overlooked group of rural migrants, that is, the self-employed. Our hypothesis is that the self-employed migrants tend to have stronger intention for permanent urban settlement since they are usually more ingrained in urban economy and society. The empirical evidence supports our hypothesis. Moreover, the social and economic choices made by the self-employed migrants are consistent with their expressed intentions: they are more likely to migrate with spouses and to live with their family members, more likely to have a plan for house purchase in cities; they are also more integrated into urban society in terms of learning local dialects and making friends with local permanent residents. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The career planning plays an important role in little village official's development. The study uses stataSE12 statistical software based on the sample survey of little village official in China. And it studies the relationships of human capital, social capital and career planning of little village official. It shows that: (i) After the village work, to be civil servant is the preferred way for little village official, and the female and unmarried choosing this are more than others. The probability of taking the civil service exam diminishes with age, but increases with the increasing human capital and social capital. (ii) Working in institution is the second choice of little village official. The female, married and older have greater proportion than the other. The trend is diminishing with increased human capital and social capital. (iii) The male, maned, older, or little village officials employed by provincial government or working in the central and western regions of China choosing to be selected as township deputies are more than others, (iv) The married and older would like to remain in office, but this probability diminishes with the increased human capital and social capital, (v) The male, older, or the little village official working in the central region, employed by municipal government and employed by county government would like to start up their own businesses, (vi) Few of them choose their jobs by themselves, continue further education, or choose enterprise work and social work. There are more little village officials graduating from "985 project" or "211 project" universities choosing to work in enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract:Based on 2006 survey data on students from three universities in western China, this study analyzes the effect of the students’ family background and academic achievements on their occupation choices. Both social capital and human capital were found to be significant factors influencing their employment decisions. The more abundant the social and human capital, the more students aim for resource-rich employers in economically developed regions with higher incomes, and the higher their salary expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract:Based on a national survey of 30 universities in eight Chinese provinces in 2011, this empirical study shows that, despite government policies encouraging college graduates to work at the grassroots level, few students actually do so, due to concerns about their career prospects. Human capital, family, and school background and job search conditions are important factors affecting the grassroots employment of college graduates, and students willing to work at the grassroots level tend to be in a weaker position. This research also demonstrates that the occupational status, alignment of job and studies, starting salary, and job satisfaction of such graduates are relatively low. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Using data from an ongoing longitudinal study of 5,164 adolescents and their parents from seven cities in mainland China, this study investigated how social capital embedded in the family and the community, together with family human capital and financial capital, influenced the depressive symptoms of urban Chinese adolescents within an integrative framework. The structural equation modeling results suggested that higher community social capital was associated with lower level of adolescent depressive symptoms and was the strongest predictor among all these contextual factors. Family social capital played a significant role in mediating the effects of all other contextual factors on adolescent depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly, higher family financial capital predicted increased depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly through its negative effect on family social capital. As for gender, female adolescents reported more depressive symptoms as a result of less available family social capital. Implications of these findings for theory, practice, policy, and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the empirical survey of 184 young migrant workers in Nanjing City, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of issues concerning the social integration of young migrant workers from economic integration, cultural integration and psychological integration. The survey results show that the overall level of social integration of young migrant workers is low; the dualistic household registration management system of urban and rural areas is the root cause, the lack of human capital, cultural capital and social capital is the underlying causes, and urban residents' discrimination and exclusion is the external cause; to speed up the social integration of young migrant workers, the key is based on the actual needs of youth migrant workers to take practical measures to gradually integrate them into the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on land use planning topics, including "Historical Amnesia: New Urbanism and the City of Tomorrow," "More Than Sector Theory: Homer Hoyt's Contributions to Planning Knowledge" and "Methodology for the Survival Analysis of Urban Building Stocks."

In March 2006, Premier Wen Jiabao acknowledged that the situation in the Chinese countryside is desperate and claimed new resources would be devoted to healthcare and education. This announcement should have pleased architects of the Chinese 'learning initiative' who are building learning cities and villages. The authors describe why learning villages are needed, show how to build one, describe innovative work in Shuang Yu village and make a case for emphasising 'social' (as well as 'human') capital in learning villages. With this in mind they analyse what it means to move from an orthodox 'teaching' to a 'learning' model. Chinese people have suffered too much and most now want peace and a good life. But, their future is threatened by environmental collapse and gaps dividing glittering cities from an impoverished countryside. Learning is at the centre of all available remedies to these problems. Not more exams, skills training, formal education or punishment. China needs a learning society, and, in the countryside, learning villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]