54,693 results on '"STATISTICS"'
Search Results
2. The Influence of Psychological Factors on Physical Activity in Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain.
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Gilgallon, Timothy J., Kim, Sungwan, and Glaviano, Neal R.
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CROSS-sectional method , *STATISTICAL models , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *SELF-efficacy , *DATA analysis , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *EXERCISE intensity , *ACTIGRAPHY , *GAIT in humans , *CONFIDENCE , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *STATISTICS , *PLICA syndrome , *PAIN catastrophizing , *DATA analysis software , *PHYSICAL activity , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Context: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a prevalent chronic condition characterized by retropatellar or peripatellar pain exacerbated by various knee flexion-based activities. Previous research has highlighted the impact of psychological constructs on pain and function in chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions, yet their influence on physical activity in PFP cohorts remains unexplored. We aimed to evaluate whether pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing predict variations in steps per day and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among individuals with PFP. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: Thirty-nine participants (11 males) with PFP were included. Dependent variables were steps per day and minutes of MVPA. Independent variables were pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing, measured by the pain self-efficacy questionnaire and the pain catastrophizing scale. Participants were given an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT for 7 days to assess physical activity. Correlations were assessed between psychological measures and physical activity, and a simple linear regression was performed on psychological variables that correlated with physical activity. Alpha was set a priori at P <.05. Results: Pain self-efficacy scores displayed a moderate association with steps per day (rho =.45, P =.004) and a weak association with MVPA (rho =.38, P =.014). Pain catastrophizing scores exhibited no significant associations with physical activity (P <.05). Regression models affirmed pain self-efficacy scores as significant predictors of both steps per day (F1,37 = 10.30, P =.002) and MVPA (F1,37 = 8.98, P =.004). Conclusions: Psychological measures continue to demonstrate value to clinicians treating PFP. Pain self-efficacy scores were moderately associated with steps per day and weakly associated with MVPA, explaining nearly a fifth of the variation in physical activity. Clinicians should prioritize the assessment of pain self-efficacy when treating individuals with PFP, potentially employing psychological interventions to improve physical activity in the PFP population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Does a Hip Muscle Activation Home Exercise Program Change Movement Patterns on the Forward Step-Down Test?
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McCallister, Erin, Hughs, Caroline, Smith, Mia, and Flowers, Daniel W.
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KNEE physiology , *BIOMECHANICS , *STATISTICAL power analysis , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *REPEATED measures design , *PATIENT compliance , *STATISTICAL significance , *DATA analysis , *EXERCISE therapy , *HOME environment , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *GLUTEAL muscles , *ELECTROMYOGRAPHY , *DOSE-response relationship in biochemistry , *PRE-tests & post-tests , *STATISTICS , *EXERCISE tests , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DATA analysis software , *BODY movement , *NEURODEVELOPMENTAL treatment , *POSTURAL balance , *REGRESSION analysis , *INTER-observer reliability , *MUSCLE contraction - Abstract
Context: Poor knee biomechanics contribute to knee joint injuries. Neuromuscular control over knee position is partially derived from the hip. It is unknown whether isolated activation training of the gluteal muscles improves lower-extremity frontal plane mechanics. This study examined if a home-based hip muscle activation program improves performance on the Forward Step-Down Test as well as increases surface electromyography (sEMG) activation of the gluteal muscles. Design: The study utilized a single-group repeated-measures design. Methods: Thirty-five participants (24 females, mean age = 23.17 [SD 1.36] years) completed an 8-week hip muscle activation program. The Forward Step-Down Test score and sEMG of gluteus maximus and medius were assessed preintervention and postintervention. Results: Forward Step-Down Test scores improved significantly from preintervention (Mdn = 3.5) to postintervention (Mdn = 3.0, T = 109, P =.010, r =.31.), but this result did not meet clinical significance. sEMG analysis revealed a significant increase in mean gluteus maximus activation (P =.028, d = 1.19). No significant dose–response relationship existed between compliance and the Forward Step-Down Test scores or sEMG results. Conclusions: A home-based hip activation program increases gluteus maximus activation without clinically significant changes in frontal plane movement quality. Future studies may find clinical relevance by adding motor learning to the activation training program to improve functional muscle use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Physical Activity and Children's Episodic Memory: A Meta-Analysis.
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Schmid, Daphne G., Scott, Nathan M., and Tomporowski, Phillip D.
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MOTOR ability ,SPORTS ,DATA analysis ,CINAHL database ,EPISODIC memory ,META-analysis ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EXERCISE intensity ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,MEMORY ,STATISTICS ,ONLINE information services ,DATA analysis software ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,FACTOR analysis ,PHYSICAL activity ,ERIC (Information retrieval system) ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,REGRESSION analysis ,COGNITION - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effects of physical activity on children's free recall, cued recall, and recognition episodic memory and to explore potential moderating factors. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, ERIC, APA Psych Info, CINHAL, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if: (1) participants were aged 4–18 years, (2) participants were typically developed, (3) participants were randomized to groups, (4) interventions employed gross movements, (5) sedentary group was used for control, (6) memory tests were quantitative, and (7) employed acute or chronic intervention. Results: 14 studies met inclusion criteria resulting in the analysis of data from 7 free recall, 7 cued recall, and 8 recognition memory tests. Physical activity was found to have a positive influence on tests free (g = 0.56), cued recall (g = 0.67), and no influence on tests of recognition (g = 0.06). While some moderator analyses were significant, the authors do not consider these results to be meaningful in application. Conclusions: The effects of acute and chronic physical activity enhance specific aspects of long-term episodic memory. These findings suggest physical activity interventions developed for children may be expected to benefit some, but not all, types of memory processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Submerged vs Nonsubmerged Reconstructive Approach for Surgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis: Reanalysis of Two Prospective Clinical Studies.
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Shih-Cheng Wen, Sabri, Hamoun, Dastouri, Ebrahim, Wen-Xia Huang, Barootchi, Shayan, and Hom-Lay Wang
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DENTAL implants ,POSTOPERATIVE care ,PERI-implantitis ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,LONGITUDINAL method ,STATISTICS ,PLASTIC surgery ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,PATIENT aftercare ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Purpose: To complete a reanalysis study of two similarly designed prospective controlled studies exploring prognostic factors associated with the surgical outcomes of reconstructive treatment of peri-implantitis. Materials and Methods: Individual patient data of both studies were gathered. The initial study employed a submerged healing approach via primary wound closure with implant suprastructure removal and complete coverage of grafted sites. The second study employed a nonsubmerged healing protocol in which healing abutments were kept in place and the implants were not fully submerged. Both studies measured all prognostic factors at similar time points throughout 1 year and included clinical defect fill (DF) and radiographic defect fill (RDF), reduction of pocket depth (PDR), and bleeding on probing (BoP). Multilevel regression was used for statistical assessment of outcomes relative to the impact of site, local, surgical, and patient-related variables. Results: Overall, 59 implants (30 submerged and 29 nonsubmerged) were treated. Statistically significant higher DF (on average 0.9 mm higher), RDF (1.7 mm), and PDR (1.3 mm) were observed when a submerged reconstructive approach was performed, whereas BoP reduction was similar. After controlling for treatment (submerged/nonsubmerged), there were no other significant associations with patient-related (age, sex, smoking, prior periodontitis etc), or implant-related (previous prosthesis type, arch, keratinized tissue width [KTW], etc) factors. Conclusions: Within the study's limitations, we conclude that a submerged reconstructive approach for surgical management of peri-implantitis leads to significantly enhanced clinical and radiographic outcomes when compared to a nonsubmerged approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Human resource executives' relative pay and firm performance.
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Chadwick, Clint, Guthrie, James P., Xing, Xuejing, and Yan, Shan
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EVALUATION of organizational effectiveness ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,STATISTICAL correlation ,PERSONNEL management ,EXECUTIVES ,LABOR productivity ,INCOME ,DATA analysis ,PROFIT ,EMPIRICAL research ,WAGES ,STRATEGIC planning ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,STATISTICS ,THEORY ,QUALITY assurance ,MANAGEMENT ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
To operationalize the extent to which firms place a strategic emphasis on human capital and human resource management (HRM), we draw on the strategy field's dominant logic theory and on the emerging literature on executive compensation for the heads of major firm functions, such as HRM. Specifically, we investigate whether the pay of human resource executives (HREs) relative to other members of top management teams (TMTs) is related to firm performance. After controlling for the endogeneity of HRE status as one of the highest paid executives on the TMT, we find in a comprehensive sample of the largest US firms that HRE relative pay is positively related to firm financial performance, specifically Tobin's Q. We also find that the relationship of HRE relative pay with Tobin's Q is stronger in relatively smaller and younger firms in our sample. The findings suggest that a strategic emphasis on human capital and HRM leads to higher firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Mixed-Method Precooling Enhances Self-Paced 20-km Cycling Time-Trial Performance When Apparent Temperature Is >46 °C but May Not Be a Priority in <46 °C.
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Ramos, Julian Andro P., Ducker, Kagan J., Riddell, Hugh, Girard, Olivier, Landers, Grant J., and Brade, Carly J.
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SKIN temperature ,STATISTICAL models ,BODY temperature regulation ,DATA analysis ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,RESEARCH funding ,ENDURANCE sports ,PERSPIRATION ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EXERCISE intensity ,CYCLING ,ATHLETES ,HUMIDITY ,BODY temperature ,HYDRATION ,PHYSICAL fitness ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTRACLASS correlation ,STATISTICS ,ATHLETIC ability ,TEMPERATURE ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,HUMAN comfort ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,WARMUP ,REGRESSION analysis ,TIME - Abstract
Purpose: Precooling (PreC) may only benefit performance when thermal strain experienced by an individual is sufficiently high. We explored the effect of mixed-method PreC on 20-km cycling time-trial (CTT) performance under 3 different apparent temperatures (AT). Methods: On separate days, 12 trained or highly trained male cyclists/triathletes completed six 20-km CTTs in 3 different ATs: hot-dry (35 °C AT), moderately hot-humid (40 °C AT), and hot-humid (46 °C AT). All trials were preceded by 30 minutes of mixed-method PreC or no PreC (control [CON]). Results: Faster 2.5-km-split completion times occurred in PreC compared with CON in 46 °C AT (P =.02), but not in 40 °C AT (P =.62) or 35 °C AT (P =.57). PreC did not affect rectal and body temperature during the 20-km CTT. Skin temperature was lower throughout the CTT in PreC compared with CON in 46 °C AT (P =.01), but not in 40 °C AT (P = 1.00) and 35 °C AT (P = 1.00). Heart rate had a greater rate of increase during the CTT for PreC compared with CON in 46 °C AT (P =.01), but not in 40 °C AT (P =.57) and 35 °C AT (P = 1.00). Ratings of perceived exertion (P <.001) and thermal comfort (P =.04) were lower for PreC compared with CON in 46 °C AT only, while thermal sensation was not different between PreC and CON. Conclusion: Mixed-method PreC should be applied prior to 20-km CTTs conducted in hot-humid conditions (≥46 °C AT). Alternatively, mixed-method PreC may be a priority in moderately hot-humid (∼40 °C AT) conditions but should not be in hot-dry (∼35 °C AT) conditions for 20-km CTT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Dental Implants in 18 Patients with Systemic Scleroderma: A Retrospective Radiographic Analysis Over a 5-Year Period with Focus on Marginal Bone Loss.
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Jackowski, Jochen, Peter Strietze, Frank, and Benz, Korbinian
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DENTAL radiography ,DENTAL implants ,STATISTICS ,TOOTH loss ,PANORAMIC radiography ,BONE resorption ,PERIODONTITIS ,LIMITED scleroderma ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,ACQUISITION of data ,REGRESSION analysis ,COMPARATIVE studies ,INTER-observer reliability ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MEDICAL records ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Purpose: Patients with systemic scleroderma (SSc) often suffer from premature tooth loss. The aim of this study was to radiologically investigate bone loss at dental implants in patients with SSc and compare it with data from the literature on healthy patients. Materials and Methods: Mesial and distal bone level changes at implants were independently determined on panoramic and intraoral radiographs. They were double-checked after determination of evaluability by three different raters. Cohen's kappa was used to test for interrater reliability. Mean bone loss was estimated using linear regression analysis considering the patient as a random-effect implant and performed separately in predefined implant regions for different time points and for the mesial and distal sides of the implants. Results: Mesial and distal bone level changes were analyzed in 61 implants using periapical and panoramic radiographs. In total, 114 radiographs from 18 patients were evaluable in both the mesial and distal regions. After a maximum observation period of 60 months, the mean peri-implant bone loss was 1.68 mm (range: 0.83 to 2.54 mm) at the distal aspect and 1.65 mm (range: 0.81 to 2.48 mm) at the mesial aspect in the right posterior mandible (region 44 to 47 [FDI numbering system]), whereas in the left posterior maxilla (regions 24 to 27), the mean peri-implant bone loss was 0.61 mm (range: 0.32 to 0.91 mm) at the distal aspect and 0.59 mm (range: 0.16 to 1.03 mm) at the mesial aspect. The mean bone loss 60 months after surgery was 1.05 mm (range: 0.85 to 1.25 mm). Conclusions: Marginal bone loss at implants in patients with SSc is comparable to data from the literature collected in healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Minimal Number of Events Required for Acceleration–Speed Profiling in Elite Women's Soccer.
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Cormier, Patrick, Tsai, Ming-Chang, Meylan, Cesar, Soares, Victor H.T., Clarke, David C., and Klimstra, Marc
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SOCCER ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning ,REGRESSION analysis ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of acceleration ,EXERCISE intensity ,INTRACLASS correlation ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,ATHLETIC ability ,STATISTICAL models ,DATA analysis ,DATA analysis software ,SPRINTING - Abstract
Purpose: To determine the minimum number of events (training or matches) for producing valid acceleration–speed (AS) profiles from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data. Methods: Nine elite female soccer players participated in a 4-week training camp consisting of 19 events. AS profile metrics calculated from different combinations of athlete events were compared to force–velocity (FV) profile metrics from 2 × 40-m stand-alone sprint effort trials, using the same GNSS 10-Hz technology. Force–velocity profiles were calculated, from which AS profiles were obtained. AS profiles from training and matches were generated by plotting acceleration and speed points and performing a regression through the maximal points to obtain the AS metrics (theoretical maximal speed, x-intercept [in meters per second], theoretical maximal acceleration, y-intercept [in meters per second squared], and the slope per second). A linear mixed model was performed with the AS metrics as the outcome variables, the number of events as a fixed effect, and the participant identifier as a mixed effect. Dunnett post hoc multiple comparisons were used to compare the means of each number of event grouping (1–19 events) to those estimated from the dedicated sprint test. Results: Theoretical maximal speed and theoretical maximal acceleration means were no longer significantly different from the isolated sprint reference with 9 to 19 (small to trivial differences = −0.31 to −0.04 m·s
−1 , P =.12–.99) and 6 to 19 (small differences = −0.4 to −0.28 m·s−2 , P =.06–.79) events, and the slopes were no longer different with 1 to 19 events (trivial differences = 0.06–0.03 s−1 , P =.35–.99). Conclusions: AS profiles can be estimated from a minimum of 9 days of tracking data. Future research should investigate methodology resulting in AS profiles estimated from fewer events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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10. Proximal Periodontal Support Adjacent to Untreated Peri-implantitis Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
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Monje, Alberto, Pons, Ramón, Amerio, Ettore, Guo-Hao Lin, Ortiz-González, Luis, Kan, Joseph Y., and Nart, José
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PERIODONTAL disease treatment ,DENTAL implants ,STATISTICS ,CROSS-sectional method ,BONE resorption ,PERIODONTITIS ,REGRESSION analysis ,DATA analysis ,PERI-implantitis - Abstract
Purpose: To assess site-related features of peri-implantitis occurring adjacent to teeth and its association with the proximal periodontal bone level. Materials and Methods: Periapical radiographs were collected from partially edentulous patients exhibiting peri-implantitis adjacent to teeth. The following variables were quantified: intrabony defect width (DW), implant marginal bone loss (MBLi), tooth marginal bone loss (MBLt), implant-tooth distance (ITd), intrabony defect angulation (DA), adjacent periodontal bone peak height (ABPh), and implant-tooth angulation (ITa). A correlation matrix using the Spearman correlation coefficient was created to explore the dependence of these variables. Univariate linear regression analysis was carried out by means of generalized estimating equations (GEE), using MBLt as dependent variable. Results: Overall, 61 patients and 84 implants were included in this study, consisting of a total of 105 implant sites facing adjacent teeth. This resulted in 515 linear and 194 angular measurements. A total of 11 different statistically significant associations were demonstrated between the different variables analyzed. Moreover, the univariate regression analysis revealed significant positive associations between MBLt and MBLi (P = .013) and between MBLt and periodontitis (PD) (P = .014). These associations were confirmed in the multivariate model. Conclusions: Teeth adjacent to untreated peri)implantitis lesions are associated with proximal loss of periodontal support. This finding is more remarkable in scenarios that display short implant-tooth distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. Predictive Contribution of the Superficial Neck Muscles to Short-Latency Rate of Force Development of the Head and Neck.
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Pelland, Lucie, Gilchrist, Ian A., Mesfar, Wissal, Lommen, Jonathan, and Moglo, Kodjo
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STATISTICS ,MUSCLE contraction ,CROSS-sectional method ,TRAPEZIUS muscle ,REGRESSION analysis ,T-test (Statistics) ,MUSCLE strength ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,BRAIN concussion ,STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID muscle ,BIOMECHANICS ,DATA analysis software ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid, and upper fibers of trapezius activation to the gains in rate of force development (RFD) of the head and neck during maximum voluntary ballistic contractions. Methods: RFD gain was facilitated by a single-session intervention for maximum voluntary ballistic contractions in the anterior direction, oriented at 45° to the midsagittal plane, which require active restraint of axial rotation. Muscle activation for the agonist (sternocleidomastoid) and 2 antagonists (splenius capitis and upper fibers of trapezius) was evaluated. The study sample included 12 physically active men (mean age, 22.6 y). RFD (N·m·s
−1 ; 0–100 ms) and integrated muscle activity (50 ms before and 100 ms after force onset) were measured at 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 2 days postintervention, relative to baseline. Muscle activation predictive of RFD gains was evaluated by linear regression analysis. RFD reproducibility was evaluated using the coefficient of variation of the typical error. Results: The intervention yielded a 1.95- to 2.39-fold RFD gain (P ≤.05), with greater RFD gain for participants with a lower peak moment of force (<10.9 N·m) than those with a higher peak moment (≥10.9 N·m) at baseline (P ≤.002). For the low group, 65% to 74% of the RFD gain was predicted by ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid activation, with ipsilateral splenius capitis activation predicting 77% to 92% of RFD gain for the high group. Absolute peak and impulse of static force were greater for the high than for the low group (P ≤.04). RFD reproducibility was high (coefficient of variation of the typical error ≤ 14.4%). Conclusions: The agonist- and antagonist-focused synergies might reflect different functional priorities, higher RFD gain compared with higher head–neck force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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12. Comparing the accuracy of gold price prediction using linear regression and random forest regression algorithms for investment.
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Jayendrakamesh, S., Michaelraj, T. F., and Yong, L. C.
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GOLD sales & prices , *RANDOM forest algorithms , *REGRESSION analysis , *INVESTORS , *STATISTICS - Abstract
This investigation aimed to optimize gold price forecasting strategies to support investors' decision-making. We compared the predictive capabilities of two algorithms using the "Gold Price Data". Thorough data pre-processing, including feature scaling, one-hot encoding, and outlier handling, preceded the comparative analysis. Our results demonstrate the Random Forest Regression model's significantly superior accuracy (mean: 98.53%) and lower variability compared to the Linear Regression model (mean accuracy: 85.86%). This statistical analysis (p<0.05) underscores the RFR model's potential in predicting gold prices, offering a promising tool for investors. Further research should explore the model's performance in real-world investment scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. A comparison of logistic regression and the AlexNet algorithm for the accuracy analysis of fallopian tube tumor prediction.
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Sachin, K. B., Puviarasi, R., and Thiruchelvam, V.
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LOGISTIC regression analysis , *REGRESSION analysis , *STATISTICS , *ORDER picking systems , *COLPOSCOPY , *FALLOPIAN tubes - Abstract
The main aim of this study is to compare & determine the accuracy to predict tumor on a fallopian tube based on colposcopy images among AlexNet and logistic regression. Using ClincalC and the parameters of G-power for each group of 0.8, alpha value of 0.05, and beta value of 0.2, the total number of samples (colposcopy images) is calculated as 5106 (sample size of the group 1 of 2553 and group 2 of 2553). In order to improve results, this dataset from Kaggle is subjected to 15 iterations for each group. In order to process the image and determine the disease stage, the AlexNet and logistic regression techniques are used in MATLAB. The results of the SPSS statistical analysis tools are used to select the most suitable approach. In comparison to logistic regression, which had an accuracy of 90.01%, the results showed that AlexNet had a greater accuracy of 93.31%. The independent t-test value is 0.000, which is below the acceptable limit (0.05). This shows the groups are highly significant to each other. It is obtained that the suggested AlexNet method predictions were more precise than the logistic regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Enhancing accuracy in predicting heart failure clinical readmission through comparative analysis of logistic regression and naive bayes algorithms.
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Ajaykumar, N., Kamatchi, S., Nataraj, C., Judy, S., and Deepak, A.
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REGRESSION analysis , *HEART failure , *STATISTICS , *PATIENT readmissions , *SAMPLE size (Statistics) , *LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
This study aims to compare logistic regression and the Naive Bayes approach's performance accuracy using readmission dataset samples to identify patients who are at risk of developing heart failure. Group 2 uses Naive Bayes, whereas Group 1 uses Logistic Regression. Groups 1 and 2 each have 38 iterations. An online statistical analysis tool with an alpha value of 0.05 and a pretest power of 80% with 95% confidence is used to determine the sample size. The dataset contains 25001 samples, of which 17500 are used for testing and 7500 for training. According to the simulation findings, the Naive Bayes method had an accuracy of 68.11% while the Logistic Regression approach had an accuracy of 98.8%. According to the independent sample test, there is a statistically significant difference in accuracy between the two algorithms, as indicated by the independent sample T-test significance value of p=0.000. The differences between the two groups are statistically significant as a result. Logistic regression performs significantly better than naive bayes in the prediction of readmission heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Procedure for outlier detection in a circular regression model using resultant length.
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Romroeng, Nichakan, Srisodaphol, Wuttichai, and Rattanawong, Benjawan
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OUTLIER detection , *REGRESSION analysis , *STATISTICS - Abstract
In this study, we proposed the method for detecting outliers in JS circular regression using the mean of the resultant length. The proposed methods are called RT0.99, RT0.975, and RT0.95 because there are three levels of the cut-off point. We compare the performance of the proposed methods with three other methods: DMCEc, DFBETAc, and DFFITc using simulated data and real data. Our analysis focuses on both uncontaminated data scenarios and situations where 5% of the data is contaminated. The results indicate that the DMCEc statistic consistently exhibits the lowest proportion of data identified as outliers in uncontaminated data scenarios, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately detecting outliers while minimizing false positives. On the other hand, the proposed methods RT0.99, RT0.975, and RT0.95 tend to identify a higher proportion of data as outliers compared to DMCEc, DFBETAc, and DFFITc statistics. This suggests that the proposed methods may be more sensitive to outliers but also have a higher likelihood of including normal values as outliers, leading to decreased precision. When considering 5% contaminated data, the proposed method RT0.99 outperforms RT0.975 and RT0.95 in terms of recall, successfully detecting all outliers. However, precision may be compromised as it may falsely identify normal values as outliers. In contrast, the DMCEc and DFBETAc statistics maintain high accuracy and precision by detecting only a few outliers, ensuring a balanced performance. The DFFITc statistic shows similar recall to the other methods but indicates normal values as outliers in terms of precision. Based on these findings, we conclude that the proposed method RT0.99 is preferred over other methods when comparing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Subsequent Jumping Increases the Knee and Hip Abduction Moment, Trunk Lateral Tilt, and Trunk Rotation Motion During Single-Leg Landing in Female Individuals.
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Chijimatsu, Masato, Ishida, Tomoya, Yamanaka, Masanori, Taniguchi, Shohei, Ueno, Ryo, Ikuta, Ryohei, Samukawa, Mina, Ino, Takumi, Kasahara, Satoshi, and Tohyama, Harukazu
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ANTERIOR cruciate ligament injury prevention ,TORSO physiology ,HIP joint physiology ,KNEE joint ,STATISTICS ,MANN Whitney U Test ,REGRESSION analysis ,T-test (Statistics) ,ABDUCTION (Kinesiology) ,PSYCHOLOGY of women ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,BIOMECHANICS ,JUMPING ,MOTION capture (Human mechanics) ,DATA analysis software ,KINEMATICS - Abstract
Single-leg landings with or without subsequent jumping are frequently used to evaluate landing biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of subsequent jumping on the external knee abduction moment and trunk and hip biomechanics during single-leg landing. Thirty young adult female participants performed a single-leg drop vertical jumping (SDVJ; landing with subsequent jumping) and single-leg drop landing (SDL; landing without subsequent jumping). Trunk, hip, and knee biomechanics were evaluated using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system. The peak knee abduction moment was significantly larger during SDVJ than during SDL (SDVJ 0.08 [0.10] N·m·kg
−1 ·m−1 , SDL 0.05 [0.10] N·m·kg−1 ·m−1 , P =.002). The trunk lateral tilt and rotation angles toward the support-leg side and external hip abduction moment were significantly larger during SDVJ than during SDL (P <.05). The difference in the peak hip abduction moment between SDVJ and SDL predicted the difference in the peak knee abduction moment (P =.003, R2 =.252). Landing tasks with subsequent jumping would have advantages for evaluating trunk and hip control as well as knee abduction moment. In particular, evaluating hip abduction moment may be important because of its association with the knee abduction moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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17. Influencing Factors and a Predictive Nomogram of Frailty in Chinese Patients with Cancer: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study.
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Yang, Zhihui, Luo, Yuanyuan, Luo, Jiahui, Fang, Qinghong, Miao, Jingxia, Zhang, Lili, and Kalhori, Mohammad Reza
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RISK assessment , *PUBLIC hospitals , *PREDICTION models , *RESEARCH funding , *T-test (Statistics) , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *PARENTERAL feeding , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *FRAIL elderly , *CANCER patient medical care , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *CANCER patients , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MANN Whitney U Test , *CHI-squared test , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *VEGETARIANISM , *MEDICAL records , *ACQUISITION of data , *STATISTICS , *DATA analysis software , *TUMOR classification , *REGRESSION analysis , *PHYSICAL activity - Abstract
Objective. The number of cancer survivors is increasing, and the high prevalence of frailty not only reduces quality of life but also affects the treatment of cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of frailty in cancer patients and to construct a nomogram to predict the probability of frailty. Methods. Nine hundred fifty‐eight cancer patients were included in this retrospective study, randomly divided into a development set (n = 680) and a validation set (n = 278). Frailty was assessed using the Tilburg frailty indicator (TFI). Social support, medical coping styles, and psychological distress were assessed by the Social Support Self‐Rating Scale (SSRS), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and distress thermometer (DT), respectively. Results. The prevalence of frailty in cancer patients was 45.93%. Cancer patients who exercised regularly, ate a balanced diet, and actively coped with diseases were less likely to become frail. The risk factors for frailty identified by a multivariate analysis were parenteral nutrition, advanced TNM staging, vegetarian diet, unemployment, psychological distress ≥4, low physical activity, and negative coping styles. These risk factors were used to construct a nomogram, and the C‐index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the performance of the nomogram. The C‐index was 0.762, and the calibration curve showed satisfactory coherence. The net benefit of the nomogram was better between threshold probabilities of 17%–96% in DCA. Conclusion. Special focus needs to be placed on frail cancer patients due to their high prevalence and severe outcomes. Clinical medical workers could use this nomogram to identify high‐risk patients and intervene early to prevent frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in octogenarians and nonagenarians: an analysis of the US nationwide inpatient sample 2005–2018.
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Lu, Chien-Chang, Lu, Chi-Tung, Chang, Kai-Yen, Chun-Li, Wang, and Wu, Chien-Ying
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SURGICAL robots ,LAPAROSCOPIC surgery ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,FRAIL elderly ,OCTOGENARIANS ,NONAGENARIANS ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CANCER patients ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,COLON tumors ,MEDICAL records ,ACQUISITION of data ,STATISTICS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,LENGTH of stay in hospitals ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,COLECTOMY ,REGRESSION analysis ,HOSPITAL costs ,EVALUATION ,OLD age - Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant health concern, particularly among older adults. Outcomes between laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgeries for right-sided colon cancers in the oldest old population have yet to be evaluated despite increased use of these surgeries. Aim: This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes after robot-assisted right hemicolectomy (RARH) versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LRH) in octogenarian and nonagenarian patients. Methods: This population-based, retrospective and observational study analyzed the data of adults ≥ 80 years old diagnosed with right-side colon cancer who received RARH or LRH. All data were extracted from the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2005–2018. Associations between type of surgery and in-hospital outcomes were determined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression and linear regression analysis. Results: Data of 7,550 patients (representing 37,126 hospitalized patients in the U.S.) were analyzed. Mean age of the study population was 84.8 years, 61.4% were females, and 79.1% were non-smokers. After adjusting for relevant confounders, regression analysis showed that patients undergoing RARH had a significantly shorter LOS (adjusted Beta (aBeta), -0.24, 95% CI: -0.32, -0.15) but greater total hospital costs (aBeta, 26.54, 95% CI: 24.64, 28.44) than patients undergoing LRH. No significant differences in mortality, perioperative complications, and risk of unfavorable discharge were observed between the two procedures (p > 0.05). Stratified analyses by frailty status revealed consistent results. Conclusions: RARH is associated with a significantly shorter LOS but higher total hospital costs than LRH among octogenarians and nonagenarians. Other short-term outcomes for this population are similar between the two procedures, including in-hospital mortality, perioperative complications, and unfavorable discharge. These findings also apply to frail patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Preoperative variables affecting outcome of cochlear implant.
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Mosaed, Nashwa Ameer Mahmoud, Mohamed, Enass Sayed, Youssif, Mostafa, Mohamed, Hanan A., and Eloseily, Amira Mohammad
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COCHLEAR implants ,AUDITORY cortex ,CROSS-sectional method ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,T-test (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,SENSORINEURAL hearing loss ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,AUDIOMETRY ,CHI-squared test ,MANN Whitney U Test ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SPEECH evaluation ,SPEECH audiometry ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,STATISTICS ,SPEECH perception ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,DATA analysis software ,AUDITORY evoked response ,SPEECH therapy ,IMPEDANCE audiometry ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,REGRESSION analysis ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Cochlear implants made a great impact in the management of severe-to-profound hearing loss in both children and adults. Its greatest impact is in helping children born with a profound hearing loss and implanted early to attend mainstream education and using spoken language to communicate. However, the final outcome in pediatric implantation is not predictable as there are large number of factors which will affect the outcome of cochlear implantation. Studying these determinants increases the ability of clinicians to offer educated preoperative prognosis and might potentially allow for manipulation of variables in an attempt to achieve the best possible outcome. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the preoperative factors affecting the audiological, speech, and language outcomes achieved by the recipients of cochlear implants. Methodology: A total of 39 children with severe-to-profound sensory neural hearing loss were implanted with cochlear implants. Children had received their implants before age of 5 years. Tests of receptive, expressive language quotient, aided cortical auditory-evoked potential using speech stimulus, aided free field audiometry, and aided speech reception thresholds were administered. Characteristics of the child and the family (age before implant and duration of implant use, cause of hearing loss, preimplant use of hearing aids and language therapy, and sociodemographic characteristics of their families) were the preoperative variables. These variables were considered predictors of audiological and language outcomes achieved by children and were determined using statistical analysis by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Age of the studied children at time of cochlear implantation was statistically significant predictor for CI outcome as regard receptive language quotient and also for N1 latency. Hearing age of the studied children was a statistically significant predictor for CI outcome as regards P1 latency. Conclusion: Based on our findings, two most important factors affecting outcome of cochlear implantation were the age at implantation and the hearing age. Other factors were important but did not affect the outcome significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. SNAI2 as a Prognostic Biomarker Based on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma.
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Li, Tian-Tian, Hao, Qing-Gang, Teng, Zhao-Wei, Liu, Yuan, Wu, Jia-Fan, Zhang, Jun, and Yang, Li-Rong
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ADENOCARCINOMA , *EPITHELIAL-mesenchymal transition , *CANCER , *PREDICTION models , *RESEARCH funding , *IMMUNOTHERAPY , *MANN Whitney U Test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *FIBROBLASTS , *GENE expression , *CANCER chemotherapy , *LOG-rank test , *STATISTICS , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *LUNG cancer , *DATA analysis software , *OVERALL survival , *BIOMARKERS , *PROPORTIONAL hazards models , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common type of malignant tumor with therapeutic challenges. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote LUAD growth and metastasis, regulate the tumor immune response, and influence tumor treatment responses and drug resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms through which CAFs control LUAD progression are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the correlations between CAF-related genes and overall survival (OS) in patients with LUAD. Methods: We acquired the gene expression data and clinical information of 522 patients with LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 442 patients with LUAD from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. CAF infiltration levels were assessed using the Microenvironment Cell Population (MCP) counter, the Estimating the Proportions of Immune and Cancer cells (EPIC) algorithm, and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) scores. A CAF-related gene network was constructed using the Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Based on the CAF-related genes, univariate Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic genes. Gene expression levels within the prognostic model were validated using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases and Western blotting. Results: Our results demonstrated that high CAF scores were associated with lower survival rates in patients with LUAD. Gene modules that were highly correlated with high CAF scores were closely associated with tissue characteristics and extracellular matrix structures in LUAD. In addition, correlations between CAF scores and responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy were observed. Finally, we found that SNAI2 expression was higher in lung cancer tissues than in normal tissues. Conclusion: Deepening our understanding of the influence of CAFs on tumor progression and treatment response at the molecular level can aid the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. This study provides important insights into the functional mechanisms of action of CAFs in LUAD and highlights their clinical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Current status and influencing factors of nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards clinical research ethical in China: a province-wide cross-sectional survey.
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Zhang, Na, Cheng, Qinqin, Lu, Wen, Luo, Tingwei, Zhang, Zhiqiang, Jiang, Sishan, Qin, Hongwen, and Zhu, Lihui
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NURSING audit , *NURSING education , *EDUCATION of research personnel , *NURSES , *RESEARCH personnel , *CROSS-sectional method , *SAFETY , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *RESEARCH funding , *T-test (Statistics) , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *CLINICAL medicine research , *HUMAN research subjects , *STATISTICAL sampling , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *NURSES' attitudes , *ONE-way analysis of variance , *ETHICS committees , *STATISTICS , *QUALITY assurance , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DATA analysis software , *RESEARCH ethics , *PROFESSIONAL competence , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: Nurses' competence in clinical research is a key element in promoting high quality in the discipline of nursing, and the ethical aspects of research are of paramount importance. Therefore, nurses need to have a comprehensive understanding of the ethics associated with clinical research, which is an integral part of safeguarding the safety of subjects, ensuring the quality of nursing clinical research, and improving the ethical standardization of clinical research. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 304 nurses in a province of China between April 2023 and September 2023, utilizing convenience sampling. The survey questionnaire comprised two sections: a general information form and a questionnaire focusing on nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards clinical research ethics. Data analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 320 questionnaires were distributed, of which 304 were valid. The ethical attitude of nurses in clinical research was better (91.17 ± 15.96), while the cognitive score was lower (63.08 ± 12.30). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that degree, grade of hospital (I, II or III), technical title, number of clinical projects chaired in one year and whether the respondent has ever participated in an ethics training were the five factors influencing the knowledge of clinical research ethics (F = 9.341, P < 0.001, R2 = 18.0%); degree, grade of hospital (I, II or III), technical title, number of clinical research projects chaired in one year, whether the hospital has an ethics committee and whether the respondent has ever participated in an ethics training were the six factors affecting ethical attitudes towards clinical research (F = 8.919, P < 0.001, R2 = 17.3%). Conclusions: Nurses in a Chinese province scored low on the cognitive dimension of clinical research ethics, but their attitudes were at a relative high level, with many influencing factors. Degree, technical title, and grade of hospital, all affect cognitive and attitude scores. It is also worth noting that whether the hospital has an ethics committee affects the attitude scores, but has no effect on the cognitive scores.Nursing administrators and educators should consider providing effective and targeted strategies (e.g., ongoing training, scholarly seminars, and scholarly exchanges) to enhance nurses' knowledge and competence in clinical research ethics to protect subject rights as well as to ensure the quality of clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Effect of advancing age on event-related potentials (P300) measures.
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Shubhadarshan, Archisman and Gaiwale, Uneza
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DATA analysis ,EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology) ,PHONOLOGICAL awareness ,AUDIOMETRIC equipment ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,AUDIOMETRY ,MANN Whitney U Test ,AGING ,COGNITION disorders ,STATISTICS ,OTOSCOPES ,HEARING disorders ,DATA analysis software ,IMPEDANCE audiometry ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: Aging has been defined as a persistent deterioration in the age-specific fitness components of an organism, attributed to internal physiological degeneration. Cognitive abilities, encompassing attention, memory, executive cognitive functions, language, and visuospatial capacities, are distinctive domains affected by aging. Numerous studies have documented measurable effects on these cognitive domains, indicating a discernible decline in their functionality with advancing age. Cognitive impairment often unfolds insidiously, remaining clinically silent for extended periods. Age, as a critical factor, exerts a notable influence on P300 measures. Result: Spearman rank correlation was calculated between age and P300 measures. In group 1A (age range of 10–20 years), we found a strong positive correlation between age and amplitude of P300 (r = 0.96, p < 0.001), while a weak correlation was found between latency and age. In group IB (age range: 21–40 years), a moderate negative correlation (r = − 0.43, p < 0.05) was found between age and amplitude of P300, while a strong positive correlation (r = 0.87, p < 0.001) was obtained between age and latency. In group 2A (age: 41–60 years), it was found that amplitude has a strong negative correlation (r = − 0.97, p < 0.001) with age, while latency has a strong positive correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). In group 2B (age: 61–80 years), it was found that amplitude has a strong negative correlation (r = − 0.93, p < 0.001) with age, while latency has a strong positive correlation (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, it is concluded that amplitude of P300 decreases and latency increases with increasing age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Does the disposition of passive coping mediate the association between illness perception and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with spinal cord injury during first inpatient rehabilitation?
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Kuiper, Heleen, Leeuwen, Christel M. C. van, Stolwijk-Swüste, Janneke M., and Post, Marcel W. M.
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PATIENTS , *ATTITUDES toward illness , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *HOSPITAL care , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SPINAL cord injuries , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *ANXIETY , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MEDICAL rehabilitation , *RESEARCH , *STATISTICS , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *DATA analysis software , *MENTAL depression , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Purpose: To examine associations between illness perception, also called illness cognitions or appraisals, disposition of passive coping, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and to test whether passive coping mediates the associations between illness perception and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Materials and methods: Longitudinal, multicentre study. Participants were inpatients of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. Measures included the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), the Utrecht Coping List passive coping subscale (UCL-P), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Mediation was tested with the PROCESS tool. Results: The questionnaires were completed by 121 participants at admission and at discharge. Of them, 70% were male, 58% had a paraplegia, and 82% an incomplete lesion. Weak to strong (0.294–0.650) significant associations were found between each pair of study variables. The use of passive coping strategies mediated the associations between illness perception and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Symptoms of anxiety and depression were more frequent in people who have a threatening illness perception combined with a lower use of passive coping strategies. Therefore, it is advised that patients are screened and treated for threatening illness perception and high use of passive coping strategies during rehabilitation after SCI. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: For rehabilitation professionals it is recommended to screen inpatients with spinal cord injury (SCI) for illness perception and disposition of passive coping to identify those who may be more vulnerable for symptoms of anxiety and depression at admission. Inpatients with SCI who report a threatening illness perception in combination with a high use of passive coping at admission, have an increased risk for symptoms of anxiety and depression. For rehabilitation professionals it is recommended to repeat this screening to support careful planning of psychological (follow-up) treatment and coordination of care at discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. A modified uncertain maximum likelihood estimation with applications in uncertain statistics.
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Liu, Yang and Liu, Baoding
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MAXIMUM likelihood statistics , *TIME series analysis , *REGRESSION analysis , *STATISTICAL models , *STATISTICS , *DIFFERENTIAL equations - Abstract
In uncertain statistics, the uncertain maximum likelihood estimation is a method of estimating the values of unknown parameters of an uncertain statistical model that make the observed data most likely. However, the observed data obtained in practice usually contain outliers. In order to eliminate the influence of outliers when estimating unknown parameters, this article modifies the uncertain maximum likelihood estimation. Following that, the modified uncertain maximum likelihood estimation is applied to uncertain regression analysis, uncertain time series analysis, and uncertain differential equation. Finally, some real-world examples are provided to illustrate the modified uncertain maximum likelihood estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. An intervention study of poly-victimization among rural left-behind children based on the theoretical framework of planned behavior.
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Luo, Yandong, Zhou, Jiajun, Wen, Pan, Chang, Ping, Cao, Zicheng, and Li, Liping
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VICTIMS , *INTELLECT , *RESEARCH funding , *DATA analysis , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *PLANNED behavior theory , *CHILD abuse , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STATISTICAL sampling , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PROBLEM solving , *HELP-seeking behavior , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *ABANDONED children , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *SURVEYS , *PRE-tests & post-tests , *RURAL conditions , *STATISTICS , *ANALYSIS of variance , *COGNITIVE therapy , *MIDDLE schools , *BEHAVIOR therapy , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: Poly-victimization (PV) not only threatens physical and mental health but also causes a range of social problems. Left-behind children in rural areas are more likely to experience PV problems. However, there have been fewer studies on PV among rural children, and even fewer intervention studies. Objective: The difference-in-differences method was employed to analyze the impact of intervention measures, based on the theory of planned behavior, on PV among left-behind children in rural areas. Methods: The study subjects were left-behind children from six middle schools in two cities in southern China, who completed the baseline survey from 2020 to 2021. They were divided into a control group and an intervention group, each consisting of 228 cases, based on their schools. Before and after the intervention, the Self-made victimization-related knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire, Poly-victimization scale, and Middle school students' coping style scale were used to evaluate the victimization-related KAP(knowledge, attitude, and practice), victimization occurrence, and coping styles of left-behind children, respectively. Stata 15.0 was used to establish a difference-in-differences regression model to analyze the impact of the intervention measures on poly-victimization and coping styles. Results: Mixed Anova revealed that after the intervention, the KAP scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). After the intervention, the incidence of child victimization in the intervention group dropped to 9.60% (n = 22), lower than in the baseline survey, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). The incidence of PV among children in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.01). The net reduction in the incidence of PV among children was 21.20%. After the intervention, the protection rate for preventing PV among children was 73.33%, and the effect index was 3.75. The intervention improved children's coping styles, problem-solving, and help-seeking, while reducing negative coping styles such as avoidance and venting, with the differences being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Intervention measures based on the theory of planned behavior reduce the occurrence of PV among left-behind children, and the intervention effects on different types of victimization are also different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Multilevel barriers to guideline implementation: a nationwide multi-professional cross-sectional study within child and adolescent psychiatry.
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Santesson, Anna Helena Elisabeth, Holmberg, Robert, Bäckström, Martin, Gustafsson, Peik, Perrin, Sean, and Jarbin, Håkan
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MEDICAL protocols , *CROSS-sectional method , *EFFECT sizes (Statistics) , *STATISTICAL correlation , *ADOLESCENT psychiatry , *HUMAN services programs , *MENTAL health services , *DATA analysis , *RESEARCH funding , *CHILD psychiatry , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SURVEYS , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ONE-way analysis of variance , *STATISTICS , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *DATA analysis software , *MENTAL depression , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: Despite efforts to promote guideline use, guideline adoption is often suboptimal due to failure to identify and address relevant barriers. Barriers vary not only between guidelines but also between settings, intended users, and targeted patients. Multi-professional guidelines are often used in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), making the implementation process more difficult. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about which barriers to consider or if barriers vary by profession. The aim of this study was to address these gaps by examining barriers to adopting a multi-professional depression guideline in the context of a nationwide implementation study. Methods: 440 CAMHS clinicians across Sweden (52%) completed the Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument (BFAI) ahead of an implementation endeavour. BFAI is a widely used and validated measure of guideline implementation on four scales: Innovation, Provider, Context, and Patient. Barriers were calculated at scale and at item levels. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to analyse differences by profession and effect sizes were calculated. Results: Overall, clinicians were optimistic about guideline uptake, particularly about guideline characteristics and their own adoption ability. Barriers were related to the patient and the context domains, as well as to individual clinician knowledge and training. Perceptions differed across professions; psychiatrists were most, and counsellors were least positive about guideline embeddedness. Conclusion: This large-scale quantitative study suggests that CAMHS clinicians have an overall favourable attitude towards guideline adoption but highlights the need for adaptations to certain patient groups. Strategies to improve guideline use should primarily address these patient issues while securing proper support to the implementation. Implementation efforts, particularly those targeting staff knowledge, training, and involvement, may benefit from being tailored to different professional needs. These findings may inform implementation projects in CAMHS and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. Genetically predicted effects of 10 sleep phenotypes on revision of knee arthroplasty: a mendelian randomization study.
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Bi, Zhiguo, Cai, Yimeng, Chen, Jintian, Shi, Xiaotong, Liao, Shiyu, Jin, Long, and Liu, Jianguo
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GENOME-wide association studies , *DATA analysis , *RELATIVE medical risk , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SLEEP duration , *GENETIC variation , *ODDS ratio , *TOTAL knee replacement , *REOPERATION , *CAUSALITY (Physics) , *STATISTICS , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DATA analysis software , *SLEEP disorders , *PHENOTYPES , *GENETIC testing , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence has suggested that sleep disturbances and disorders are common in patients who undergo knee arthroplasty. Revision surgery represents one of the most catastrophic outcomes of knee arthroplasty. However, it remains unclear whether sleep traits are the causes or consequences of knee arthroplasty revision. This study aimed to genetically examine the relationships between sleep traits and knee arthroplasty revision. Methods: To determine the causal relationship between sleep traits and knee arthroplasty revision, we employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary statistics from the largest publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The MR design uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to help separate causal relationships from non-causal associations. The main analyses included an inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis to obtain primary effect estimates. Sensitivity analyses involving the weighted median approach and MR-Egger regression were also conducted to check for potential pleiotropic biases. Numerous complementary sensitivity analyses were also performed to identify statistically significant causal correlations when there were horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity across variants. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was performed to evaluate the possibility of reverse causation. Results: In the absence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, the IVW method revealed that genetically-predicted short sleep duration short sleep duration (average sleep duration of 24 h is 6 h or less) was positively correlated with the risk of knee arthroplasty revision (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.05, and P = 0.003), while the association between genetically-predicted long sleep duration and knee arthroplasty was negative. The reverse MR analysis did not yield evidence supporting reverse causality relation between knee arthroplasty revision and sleep phenotypes. Conclusion: This research indicated that, of the 10 sleep phenotypes we analyzed, only sleep duration was causally associated with knee arthroplasty revision. These discoveries added to the understanding of the role of sleep traits in the etiology of knee arthroplasty revision, which might further expand our insights into the prevention of knee arthroplasty revision. Highlights: 1. Genetically-predicted short sleep duration increases risk of knee arthroplasty revision. 2. Mendelian randomization used to analyze sleep traits and knee revision relationship. 3. Sleep duration causally linked to lower risk of knee arthroplasty revision. 4. No evidence found for reverse causality between knee revision and sleep traits. 5. Study enhances understanding of sleep's role in knee arthroplasty outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. In vitro study on efficacy of SKF7®, a Malaysian medicinal plant product against SARS-CoV-2.
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Mohd Abd Razak, Mohd Ridzuan, Md Jelas, Nur Hana, Norahmad, Nor Azrina, Mohmad Misnan, Norazlan, Muhammad, Amirrudin, Padlan, Noorsofiana, Sa'at, Muhammad Nor Farhan, Zainol, Murizal, and Syed Mohamed, Ami Fazlin
- Subjects
INFLAMMATION prevention ,IN vitro studies ,LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry ,NITRIC oxide ,DATA analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ,TOLL-like receptors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PHYTOCHEMICALS ,PLANT extracts ,CELL lines ,CELL culture ,MEDICINAL plants ,DRUG efficacy ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,STATISTICS ,PHENOLS ,GENETIC mutation ,CELL survival ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 pandemic has mobilized researchers in finding new remedies including repurposing of medicinal plant products focusing on direct-acting antiviral and host-directed therapies. In this study, we performed an in vitro investigation on the standardized Marantodes pumilum extract (SKF7
® ) focusing on anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory activities. Methods: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of the SKF7® was evaluated in SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells and SARS-CoV-2-infected A549 cells by cytopathic effect-based assay and RT-qPCR, respectively. Target based assays were performed on the SKF7® against the S1-ACE2 interaction and 3CL protease activities. Anti-inflammatory activity of the SKF7® was evaluated by nitric oxide inhibitory and TLR2/TLR4 receptor blocker assays. Results: The SKF7® inhibited wild-type Wuhan (EC50 of 21.99 µg/mL) and omicron (EC50 of 16.29 µg/mL) SARS-CoV-2 infections in Vero-E6 cells. The SKF7® also inhibited the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection in A549 cells (EC50 value of 6.31 µg/mL). The SKF7® prominently inhibited 3CL protease activity. The SKF7® inhibited the LPS induced-TLR4 response with the EC50 of 16.19 µg/mL. Conclusions: In conclusion, our in vitro study highlighted anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory potentials of the SKF7® . Future pre-clinical in vivo studies focusing on antiviral and immunomodulatory potentials of the SKF7® in affecting the COVID-19 pathogenesis are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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29. Investigation of the effect of nurses' professional values on their perceptions of good death: a cross-sectional study in Türkiye.
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Aksoy, Fatma, Bayram, Sule Biyik, and Özsaban, Aysel
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ATTITUDES toward death , *CROSS-sectional method , *NURSE-patient relationships , *DATA analysis , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STATISTICAL sampling , *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test , *NURSING , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MANN Whitney U Test , *EVALUATION of medical care , *NURSES' attitudes , *RESEARCH methodology , *STATISTICS , *TERMINAL care , *DATA analysis software , *NURSING ethics , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: The care of patient individuals in the good death process should be planned based on nursing values. The aim of the study is to determine nurses' perceptions of a good death and its relationship with nursing values. Methods: The study is descriptive and cross-sectional and was completed with 210 nurses. Data were collected using the Nurse Information Form, Good Death Scale, and Revised Nursing Professional Values Scale. In the study, an attempt was made to reach nurses across Türkiye over a three-month period using the snowball sampling method without calculating the sample size beforehand. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U test, LSD test, Spearman correlation and linear regression analyzes were used in the study. Results: The nurses' Good Death Scale total mean score was 53.52 ± 7.11, and The Revised Nursing Professional Values Scale mean score was 97.77 ± 15.71. There was a moderate, positive, statistically significant relationship between the nurses' Good Death Scale total mean scores and the Revised Nursing Professional Values Scale total mean scores (r = 0.522; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Value-based educational activities may be effective in helping nurses have positive perceptions about a good death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. Menstrual practice needs among college going women in Coimbatore district, India: an analytical cross-sectional study.
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Ramya, Vijayakumar, Kumar, Mohan, Shanmugam, Jeevithan, Seetharaman, N., Mahanshetty, Sushmitha, Dhandapani, Srihari, Aparnavi, P., Durairaj, Thavansree, and Rathinamoorthy, Ramesh
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MENSTRUAL cycle -- Psychological aspects , *CROSS-sectional method , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *PARENTS , *SELF-evaluation , *HEALTH literacy , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *INCOME , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *STATISTICAL sampling , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *HYGIENE , *DISEASE prevalence , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *POPULATION geography , *FAMILY relations , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *FEMININE hygiene products , *HEALTH behavior , *RESEARCH , *MARITAL status , *RURAL conditions , *STATISTICS , *ONE-way analysis of variance , *DISPOSABLE medical devices , *METROPOLITAN areas , *PSYCHOLOGY of college students , *NEEDS assessment , *DATA analysis software , *BIODEGRADABLE materials , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *REGRESSION analysis , *SOCIAL classes , *SOCIAL stigma - Abstract
Background: In India, twenty-five percent of women who menstruate are unable to utilize sanitary methods, and even among those who have access, there are multiple obstacles to achieving proper menstrual hygiene management. The consequences of inadequate menstrual health may extend to affect a girl's socialisation, empowerment, overall well-being, and even survival. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of unmet menstrual practice needs and its determinants among college going women in Coimbatore district, India. Methodology: A questionnaire based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 3144 college going women from October 2022 to January 2023. Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36) was used to collect data regarding the unmet needs and their mean scores were compared across socio-demographic variables, menstrual knowledge, and the choice of hygiene material. Results: The mean (SD) age of the study population was 19.3 (1.8) years. The prevalence of unmet menstrual practice needs was 62.8% with a mean (SD) MPNS score of 1.8 (0.4). The total MPNS score was low for those currently residing in rural or having a rural hometown. The unmet need was better for those residing in-campus of the educational institute and having educated parents. The socioeconomic class and presence of a personal income also influenced the total MPNS scores significantly (p < 0.05). Menstrual talks with friends before puberty and with friends and family after puberty improved the MPNS scores. Regarding menstrual hygiene methods, modern menstrual methods (MMM), disposable and bio-degradable materials had a lower unmet need. Marital status, freedom to manage expenses, pre-pubertal menstrual talks with family, and total number of family members did not influence the scores of MPNS. Multivariate regression analysis showed that maternal education, menstrual talks with family after puberty, and type of menstrual hygiene method including its disposability were independent predictors of total MPNS scores. Conclusion: Addressing unmet menstrual practice needs among college-going women in Coimbatore district necessitates a multifaceted approach encompassing education, access to affordable and sustainable menstrual products, and destigmatization efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. Exploring Individualized Follow-up of Gastric Cancer After Radical Surgery Based on pTNM Stage: A Retrospective Cohort Study From China.
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Zheng, Cheng, Qian, Mengyi, Huang, Tongmin, Liu, Xingchen, Zeng, Xiangman, Chen, Xiaotong, Shen, Yan, Chen, Ping, Wu, Feng, and Gu, Lihu
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RISK assessment , *GASTRECTOMY , *PLATINUM compounds , *MEDICAL history taking , *BIOPSY , *STOMACH tumors , *CANCER relapse , *RESEARCH funding , *LYMPHADENECTOMY , *BLOOD testing , *CANCER invasiveness , *HUMAN dissection , *COMPUTED tomography , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *CANCER patients , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *TUMOR markers , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *POSITRON emission tomography computed tomography , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *AGE distribution , *LONGITUDINAL method , *VETERINARY dissection , *ADJUVANT chemotherapy , *KAPLAN-Meier estimator , *METASTASIS , *MEDICAL records , *ACQUISITION of data , *ENDOSCOPIC gastrointestinal surgery , *STATISTICS , *INDIVIDUALIZED medicine , *TUMOR classification , *FLUOROURACIL , *PROGRESSION-free survival , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DATA analysis software , *PATIENT aftercare , *REGRESSION analysis , *PROPORTIONAL hazards models , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background: Patients with gastric cancer (GC) who underwent radical surgery require long-term follow-up (usually 5 years). The purpose of this study was to explore individualized follow-up strategies for patients with GC. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that established a clinicopathologic database of patients who underwent gastrectomy from January 2010 to December 2020 at Ningbo No. 2 Hospital. Follow-up was performed until March 2023. The rate of new-onset recurrence of patients with GC was explored annually according to different pTNM stages, defining a recurrence rate of less than 1% as adequate follow-up time. Results: Of the 1606 patients who were eligible, the total number of patients who completed the 5- and 10-year follow-up was 1107 and 586, respectively. A total of 444 cases were diagnosed with recurrence. The recurrence rate for stage IA patients was consistently less than 1% during the follow-up time. The adequate follow-up time (the rate of new-onset recurrence less than 1%) was 5 years for stage IB and IIA patients, and 8 years for stage IIB and IIIA patients, respectively. In contrast, stage IIIB patients were always at risk of recurrence during the follow-up time (>1%). Time to a new recurrence rate for stage IIIC patients was 6 years. Conclusion: Among patients who underwent radical gastrectomy, the rate of new-onset recurrence varied among patients with different pTNM stages. This study suggests that the follow-up of GC can be individualized and refer to pTNM stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Traditionally used medicinal plants for human ailments and their threats in Guraferda District, Benchi-Sheko zone, Southwest Ethiopia.
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Awoke, Ashebir, Gudesho, Girma, Akmel, Fetku, and Shanmugasundaram, P.
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PHYTOTHERAPY , *HEALTH literacy , *CROSS-sectional method , *STATISTICAL correlation , *FOCUS groups , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *INTERVIEWING , *STATISTICAL sampling , *FIELDWORK (Educational method) , *SEX distribution , *JUDGMENT sampling , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SURVEYS , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICINAL plants , *INFERENTIAL statistics , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ONE-way analysis of variance , *STATISTICS , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *MAPS , *LEAVES , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DATA analysis software , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: The field of traditional medicine encompasses a wide range of knowledge, skills, and practices that are deeply rooted in the theories, beliefs, and experiences of different cultures. The research aimed to identify traditional medicinal plants used in Guraferda District and assess the threats they face. Method: A total of 96 individuals, 80 males and 16 females, were interviewed to gather ethnobotanical data. Statistical tests like independent t tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression were conducted using R software version 4.3.2 to compare informant groups. Result: The study found 81 medicinal plant species in the district from 71 genera and 38 families, with Asteraceae and Solanaceae families having the most species. Leaves were the most commonly used plant part for medicine. Significant differences in plant knowledge were observed across genders, age groups, education levels, and experiences. The highest ICF value was for Dermal and Cutaneous ailments, and Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich and Bidens pilosa L. had the highest fidelity levels. Conclusion: The study highlighted the importance of traditional medicinal plants in treating ailments but noted threats like overharvesting, habitat destruction, and climate change. Conservation efforts and sustainable harvesting practices are crucial to ensure the availability of these plants for future generations. Further research is needed to explore their potential for modern medicine and develop sustainable use strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Pre-implant surgery complexity for achieving implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation in oligodontia patients: a retrospective study.
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Lauwers, Ludovic, Raoul, Gwénaël, and Nicot, Romain
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DENTAL implants ,SURGERY ,PATIENTS ,DATA analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,HYPODONTIA ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,AGE distribution ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUANTITATIVE research ,MEDICAL records ,ACQUISITION of data ,STATISTICS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DATA analysis software ,TOOTH loss ,REGRESSION analysis ,ALVEOLAR process - Abstract
Introduction: Oligodontia is a rare dental developmental pathology that requires prolonged, complex and multidisciplinary treatment. Although bone augmentation is frequently required during a complete implant treatment of oligodontia. Therefore, we evaluated the ability to predict pre-implant surgery complexity based on age, number of missing teeth, and number of implants required to achieve implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation. Material and methods: This retrospectively registered study included all patients who underwent surgical treatment for oligodontia in our Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department between January 2012 and May 2023. Demographic data, number and location of missing teeth, pre- and per-implant surgical procedures, and the number of planned implants were recorded. A quantitative variable called "complexity score of pre-implant surgery" was created. This 10-point score was calculated by adding one point for each preimplant surgical procedure registered. A simple linear regression was calculated to explain the number of targeted implants based on number of missing teeth. A multiple linear regression model was used to explain the complexity score of pre-implant surgery and age, number of missing teeth and number of targeted implants. Results: 119 oligodontia patients were included in the study. The median number of tooth agenesis was 10. A total of 825 implants were placed, 14 (1.7%) of which failed. A significant regression equation was used (F(1,118) = 1098,338; p < 0.0001) to explain the number of targeted implants based on number of missing teeth, with a R
2 of 0.903. A significant regression equation was found (F(3,116) = 107,229; p < 0.0001) to explain the complexity score of pre-implant surgery and age, number of missing teeth and number of targeted implants, with a R2 of 0.735. Discussion: These results based on patient data indicate that age, number of missing teeth and number of targeted implants could reliably explain the complexity of pre-implant surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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34. Addressing Medication Administration Safety Through Simulation: A Quasi‐Experimental Study Among Nursing Students.
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Shor, Vlada, Kimhi, Einat, and Avraham, Rinat
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NURSING audit , *MEDICATION error prevention , *PSYCHOLOGY of college students , *PATIENT education , *DRUG administration routes , *MEDICAL logic , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *PATIENT safety , *MEDICATION errors , *MEDICAL errors , *IDENTIFICATION , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *T-test (Statistics) , *SATISFACTION , *DRUG administration , *EDUCATIONAL outcomes , *RESPONSIBILITY , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *NURSING education , *TEACHING methods , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *DECISION making in clinical medicine , *CONFIDENCE , *SIMULATION methods in education , *PRE-tests & post-tests , *STUDENTS , *RESEARCH methodology , *STATISTICS , *INTENTION , *STUDENT attitudes , *DATA analysis software , *NURSING students , *REGRESSION analysis , *DISCLOSURE - Abstract
Healthcare institutions are dedicated to minimizing medication errors and promoting their reporting. This study investigates the impact of simulation on nursing students' attitudes toward and intention to report medication errors. A quasi‐experimental one‐group pre–post–test study was conducted. Third‐year nursing students (N = 63) participated in a scenario‐based simulation for medication administration. Participants' errors were documented. Participants self‐reported attitudes toward medication administration safety and intention to report errors. The most reported error was "contraindicated in disease" (61%). The simulation increased attitudes of preparedness by the training program received (p < 0.01) and belief in the patient's involvement in preventing errors (p < 0.01), and decreased the belief that professional incompetence reveals errors (p = 0.015). Intention to report errors was influenced by medication error training received (p = 0.045), confidence in error reporting (p < 0.001), and a sense of responsibility to disclose errors (p = 0.001). Simulation effectively shapes attitudes and intentions regarding medication error reporting. Improving nursing students' awareness, skills, and clinical judgment can foster a safety culture and potentially reduce patient harm. Future research should examine the long‐term effects of simulation and its impact on reducing medication errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Increased preload and echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function.
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Taraldsen, Ida Arentz, Mogelvang, Rasmus, Grund, Frederik Fasth, Hassager, Christian, Søgaard, Peter, and Kristensen, Charlotte Burup
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T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *FISHER exact test , *HEMODIALYSIS , *MANN Whitney U Test , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CARDIAC output , *LONGITUDINAL method , *DIASTOLIC blood pressure , *STATISTICS , *PATIENT monitoring , *DATA analysis software , *HEART ventricles , *ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY , *LEFT ventricular dysfunction , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Aims: Echocardiographic diastolic parameters are used to diagnose and monitor increased left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) and we hypothesized that increased loading conditions cause increased E/e′. Our aim was to assess the effect of preload augmentation on diastolic parameters among both healthy subjects and subjects with known cardiac disease. Methods and results: We included 129 subjects merged from two cohorts; one dialysis cohort (n = 47) and one infusion cohort (n = 82). Echocardiography was performed immediately before and after hemodialysis (HD) or saline infusion, under low and high loading conditions. Elevated LVFP was defined as septal E/e′ ≥ 15 and/or lateral E/e′ ≥ 13 at high‐loading conditions. The population was divided according to elevated LVFP (n = 31) and normal LVFP (n = 98). The load difference for the population was 972 ± 460 mL, with no differences in load difference between elevated and normal LVFP (p NS). The subjects with elevated LVFP were older (63 ± 11 vs. 46 ± 16 years, p <.001), and had lower LV ejection fraction (50 ± 14 vs. 59 ± 8.1%, p <.01). After augmented preload, EDV increased in the normal LVFP group (p <.01) but remained unchanged in the elevated LVFP group (p NS). Both E and e′ increased among the subjects with normal LVFP, whereas E/e′ remained unchanged (∆E/e′ +.1 [‐.5–1.2]), p NS). Among the subjects with elevated, LVFP we observed increased E but not e′, resulting in significantly increased E/e′ (∆ average E/e′ +2.4 [0–4.0], p <.01). Conclusion: Augmented preload does not seem to affect E/e′ among subjects with normal LVFP, whereas E/e′ seems to increase significantly among subjects with elevated LVFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Often Overlooked Aspects of Sound Symbolism: The Influence of Participants' Characteristics on Size Ratings.
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Kovács, László, Németh, Renáta, and Elsen, Hilke
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LANGUAGE & languages , *GERMANS , *VOWELS , *SOUND , *DATA analysis , *SEX distribution , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STATISTICAL sampling , *CONSONANTS , *SYMBOLISM (Psychology) , *ACOUSTIC localization , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *STATISTICS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *ACOUSTIC stimulation , *PHONETICS , *SPEECH perception , *HUNGARIANS , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Sound symbolism is a non-arbitrary mapping between phonetic properties and meanings. The existence and nature of sound symbolism have long been the subject of empirical research. It is rarely recognized, however, that participants' intrinsic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, language knowledge), in addition to the commonly studied phonetic features, may also influence size ratings. Our study aims to empirically investigate the impact of participant-specific characteristics on size ratings: It also aims to examine whether these characteristics have a direct impact when considering the impact of phonetic features or they rather modify the effects of phonetic features. The current research reports a novel analysis of a previously published dataset with new research questions and previously unused (participant-specific) data. We show that (a) the participants' characteristics did not affect overall size ratings; however, (b) in some cases, they modify (intensify or weaken but do not reverse) the effect of phonetic features on size ratings. Our results emphasize a more comprehensive treatment of sound symbolism, one that considers not only phonetic but also non-phonetic factors in sound symbolism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Fear of Dependency Scale Into European Portuguese.
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Pires, Patrícia Maria, Carvalho, Joana, Pires, Telma, Pires, Carlos, and Ribeiro, Oscar
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FEAR , *CROSS-sectional method , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *INDEPENDENT living , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *RESEARCH funding , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *TRANSLATIONS , *STATISTICAL sampling , *FUNCTIONAL status , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LINGUISTICS , *RESEARCH methodology , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *ANALYSIS of variance , *STATISTICS , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *BARTHEL Index , *DATA analysis software , *DEPENDENCY (Psychology) , *CULTURAL pluralism , *POSTURAL balance , *ACCIDENTAL falls , *WELL-being , *SELF-perception , *REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Background: Dependency is defined as a person's inability to meet basic human needs. In the context of aging, biopsychosocial changes compromise functionality, predisposing older adults to rely on others to perform daily activities. Fear of dependency describes the fear people have of appearing and/or being weak and/or reliant on others. The Fear of Dependency Scale (FDS), developed by Adams-Price and Ralston in 2016, aims to assess the fear of dependency by measuring an individual's attitudes toward being helped. Objective: This study presents a European Portuguese version of the FDS and examines its psychometric properties (internal consistency reliability and content validity). Methods: The translation and both cultural and linguistic adaptation of the FDS were performed by a panel of experts. A cross-sectional study was then performed to evaluate the psychometric properties (in terms of its reliability and validity) of the translated version of the FDS among a sample of 100 community-dwelling older adults. Results: The European Portuguese version of the FDS exhibited good psychometric properties. The scale's internal consistency was 0.84. Conclusions: The European Portuguese version of the FDS is a reliable, valid, and practical instrument for assessing the fear of dependency in older adults in the Portuguese population. It can be used in the context of health care provision and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. The Effect of Strength and Balance Training on Kinesiophobia, Ankle Instability, Function, and Performance in Elite Adolescent Soccer Players with Functional Ankle Instability: A Prospective Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.
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Han Soo Park, Jae Keun Oh, Jun Young Kim, and Jin Ho Yoon
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ANKLE physiology , *PHOBIAS , *EXERCISE physiology , *THERAPEUTICS , *SOCCER , *DATA analysis , *FUNCTIONAL assessment , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SPORTS injuries , *FUNCTIONAL status , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *STRENGTH training , *RESISTANCE training , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MUSCLE strength , *PRE-tests & post-tests , *ANKLE injuries , *STATISTICS , *BODY movement , *ATHLETIC ability , *ANKLE joint , *POSTURAL balance , *JOINT instability , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
We aimed to implement strength and balance training for elite adolescent male soccer players with functional ankle instability (FAI) to assess kinesiophobia, ankle instability, ankle function, and performance. This cluster randomized controlled trial comprised 51 elite adolescent male soccer players with FAI recruited from six different teams, divided into strength, balance, and control groups (SG, n = 17; BG, n = 17; and CG, n = 17, respectively). The SG and BG underwent strength and balance training sessions three times per week for 6 weeks. Primary outcomes were the Tampa scale for kinesiophobia-17 (TSK) and Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) scores to assess kinesiophobia and FAI, respectively. Secondary outcomes were ankle strength (four directions), dynamic balance, static balance (ellipse, displacement, velocity), and performance (figure 8 and side-hop tests). A significant interaction effect was observed for both TSK and CAIT post-intervention (both, P < 0.01). In post hoc analyses, the BG had significantly better outcomes in reducing TSK. The SG and BG showed greater improvements in CAIT scores. Regression analysis indicated that CAIT severity correlated significantly with TSK (P = 0.039, R = 0.289). For secondary outcomes, the SG and BG were superior in terms of ankle dorsiflexion/inversion strength, static balance displacement, and figure-8 and side-hop tests (all, P < 0.05). The BG showed significantly better static balance ellipse results (P < 0.05). The 6-week intervention significantly enhanced kinesiophobia management, ankle stability, and performance. Balance training effectively mitigated kinesiophobia and improved balance, compared with strength training alone. Even small variations in CAIT severity can influence kinesiophobia, highlighting the potential benefits of balance training. Integrating balance training into training programs can address both physical and psychological aspects of ankle instability. Research is recommended to explore the longitudinal effects of these interventions and their potential to prevent injury recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. Velopharyngeal Gap Size During Sustained Vowel Production Correlates With Perceptual Ratings of Hypernasality in Connected Speech.
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Williams, Jessica L., Perry, Jamie L., Bunton, Kate, Cordero, Kelly Nett, Snodgrass, Taylor D., Singh, Davinder J., Temkit, Hamy, and Sitzmana, Thomas J.
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CROSS-sectional method , *RESEARCH funding , *DATA analysis , *VOICE disorders , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHILDREN'S hospitals , *ENDOSCOPIC surgery , *ODDS ratio , *PHARYNGEAL muscles , *MEDICAL records , *ACQUISITION of data , *STATISTICS , *SPEECH evaluation , *SPEECH perception , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DATA analysis software , *VELOPHARYNGEAL insufficiency , *INTER-observer reliability , *REGRESSION analysis , *ENDOSCOPY , *CLEFT palate - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceptual ratings of hypernasality made during connected speech and velopharyngeal (VP) gap size measured in millimeters in the sagittal plane during sustained vowel production using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Method: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was completed. A subgroup of 110 participants from another study with an Mage of 10.1 years presenting for management of VP insufficiency was included. Perceptual ratings of hypernasality during connected speech and measurement of gap size during sustained /i/ production on MRI were performed by raters blinded to the participants' medical and surgical history. Results: There was a moderate-to-strong, positive correlation (r = .61; p < .001) between hypernasality ratings and VP gap size measured on MRI using sustained /i/. The odds of a higher hypernasality rating increased as the gap size increased (odds ratio = 1.34; 95% CI [1.20, 1.49]; p < .001). The predicted probability for hypernasality ratings of none/minimal/mild steadily decreased as the gap size increased indicating that lower ratings of hypernasality were associated with smaller gap sizes. For the rating of "moderate" hypernasality, the predicted probability of the rating steadily increased up to 8 mm and then decreased as the gap size continued to increase. The predicted probability for a hypernasality rating of "severe" consistently increased as the gap size increased. Conclusions: Hypernasality ratings made at the connected speech level were significantly associated with VP gap size as measured during sustained vowel production. These findings suggest sustained vowel production elicited on MRI may adequately characterize VP gap size in the evaluation of VP insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Contributions of Speech Timing and Articulatory Precision to Listener Perceptions of Intelligibility and Naturalness in Parkinson's Disease.
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Frankford, Saul A., Estrada, Alex, and Stepp, Cara E.
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PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *SPEECH , *VISUAL analog scale , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *PARKINSON'S disease , *INTELLIGIBILITY of speech , *LISTENING , *SEVERITY of illness index , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LONGITUDINAL method , *SOUND recordings , *SPEECH evaluation , *STATISTICS , *HYPOKINETIC dysarthria , *SPEECH perception , *DATA analysis software , *TIME , *REGRESSION analysis , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD) results in hypokinetic dysarthria in as many as 90% of cases. Among the most distinctive features of hypokinetic dysarthria are atypical timing and articulatory imprecision in speech production. Here, we examined the contributions of perceived speech timing typicality and articulatory precision, both on their own and while controlling for the other, on intelligibility and naturalness in speakers with PD. Method: Twenty speakers with PD and four healthy older adults read aloud the first paragraph of the Rainbow Passage. Twenty inexperienced listeners with typical hearing listened to these recordings and rated intelligibility, naturalness, timing typicality, and articulatory precision using separate visual analog scales. Ratings were averaged across listeners and entered into linear regression models with intelligibility and naturalness as dependent variables and timing typicality and articulatory precision as independent variables in each. Results: Articulatory precision, but not timing typicality, was positively correlated with intelligibility on its own, but neither was associated with intelligibility after accounting for the other. Both timing typicality and articulatory precision were positively correlated with naturalness on their own as well as after controlling for the other variable. Conclusion: These results contribute to the overall understanding of speech factors associated with intelligibility and naturalness in speakers with PD and indicate that considering the unique contributions of related perceptual constructs may provide more information than bivariate relationships alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Nonparametric binary regression models with spherical predictors based on the random forests kernel.
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Qin, Xu and Gao, Huiqun
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RANDOM forest algorithms , *KERNEL functions , *REGRESSION analysis , *DATA analysis , *STATISTICS - Abstract
Spherical data arise widely in various settings. Spherical statistics is an analysis of data on a unit hyper-spherical domain. In this paper, we mainly consider the local kernel estimators for regression models with a binary response and the predictors including spherical variables. We apply the random forests kernel to nonparametric binary regression models with spherical predictors. Simulation experiments and real examples are used to validate the performance of the new models. Compared with the classical von Mises–Fisher kernel and the linear-spherical kernel, the random forests kernel has better fitting effect and faster computation speed. Compared with other classifiers, the models proposed in this paper have better classification performance in both low and high dimensional cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. Using mHealth Technology to Evaluate Daily Symptom Burden among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Feasibility Study.
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Howell, Kristen E., Baedke, Jessica L., Bagherzadeh, Farideh, McDonald, Aaron, Nathan, Paul C., Ness, Kirsten K., Hudson, Melissa M., Armstrong, Gregory T., Yasui, Yutaka, and Huang, I-Chan
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PATIENT compliance , *STATISTICAL models , *TUMORS in children , *RESEARCH funding , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *CANCER patients , *SYMPTOM burden , *SEVERITY of illness index , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ANXIETY , *TELEMEDICINE , *LONGITUDINAL method , *SURVEYS , *QUALITY of life , *STATISTICS , *SLEEP , *PAIN , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CANCER fatigue , *REGRESSION analysis , *MENTAL depression , *COGNITION , *DISEASE complications , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Simple Summary: Survivors of childhood cancer are predisposed to a range of late effects of treatment, including high symptom burden. Symptom burden may vary over time. The aim of this prospective pilot study was to assess the feasibility of collecting daily symptoms from adult survivors of childhood cancer using mobile health (mHealth) technology to evaluate symptom fluctuation and associations with future health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The 41 survivors included in this study had high adherence to symptom reporting (83%) and HRQOL reporting (95%). Variability of daily symptom burden differed from person-to-person (74%), day-to-day (18%), and month-to-month (8%). Additionally, a higher symptom burden was associated with poorer HRQOL in the future. Daily assessment of symptoms using mHealth technology revealed fluctuations in symptomology and the association between symptom burden and HRQOL. This method of symptom assessment is valuable for improving our understanding of symptom dynamics and sources of variability. Background: Cancer therapies predispose survivors to a high symptom burden. This study utilized mobile health (mHealth) technology to assess the feasibility of collecting daily symptoms from adult survivors of childhood cancer to evaluate symptom fluctuation and associations with future health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL). Methods: This prospective study used an mHealth platform to distribute a 20-item cancer-related symptom survey (5 consecutive days each month) and an HRQOL survey (the day after the symptom survey) over 3 consecutive months to participants from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. These surveys comprised a PROMIS-29 Profile and Neuro-QOL assessed HRQOL. Daily symptom burden was calculated by summing the severity (mild, moderate, or severe) of 20 symptoms. Univariate linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze total, person-to-person, day-to-day, and month-to-month variability for the burden of 20 individual symptoms. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the association between daily symptom burden in the first month and HRQOL in the third month, adjusted for covariates. Results: Out of the 60 survivors invited, 41 participated in this study (68% enrollment rate); 83% reported their symptoms ≥3 times and 95% reported HRQOL in each study week across 3 months. Variability of daily symptom burden differed from person-to-person (74%), day-to-day (18%), and month-to-month (8%). Higher first-month symptom burden was associated with poorer HRQOL related to anxiety (regression coefficient: 6.56; 95% CI: 4.10–9.02), depression (6.32; 95% CI: 3.18–9.47), fatigue (7.93; 95% CI: 5.11–10.80), sleep (6.07; 95% CI: 3.43–8.70), pain (5.16; 95% CI: 2.11–8.22), and cognitive function (–6.89; 95% CI: –10.00 to –3.79) in the third month. Conclusions: Daily assessment revealed fluctuations in symptomology, and higher symptom burden was associated with poorer HRQOL in the future. Utilizing mHealth technology for daily symptom assessment improves our understanding of symptom dynamics and sources of variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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43. Assessment of the fetal thymic-thoracic ratio in pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis: a prospective case-control study.
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Agaoglu, Zahid, Tanacan, Atakan, Bozkurt Ozdal, Burcu, Basaran, Ezgi, Serbetci, Hakkı, Ozturk Agaoglu, Merve, Okutucu, Gulcan, Kara, Ozgur, and Sahin, Dilek
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MEDIASTINUM , *RISK assessment , *THYMUS , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *NEONATAL intensive care units , *BILE acids , *FETAL ultrasonic imaging , *PREGNANT women , *TERTIARY care , *NEONATAL intensive care , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *IMMUNE system , *LONGITUDINAL method , *HOSPITAL care of newborn infants , *CASE-control method , *STATISTICS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *INFLAMMATION , *PREGNANCY complications , *CHOLESTASIS , *REGRESSION analysis , *SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) , *BLOOD , *DISEASE risk factors , *DISEASE complications , *FETUS , *PREGNANCY - Abstract
To examine the fetal thymic-thoracic ratio (TTR) in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). This prospective case-control study was conducted in a single tertiary center. The sample consisted of 86 pregnant women at 28–37 weeks of gestation, including 43 women with ICP and 43 healthy controls. TTR was calculated for each patient using the anterior-posterior measurements of the thymus and intrathoracic mediastinal measurements. The median TTR value was found to be smaller in the ICP group compared to the control group (0.32 vs. 0.36, p<0.001). The ICP group had a greater rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (p<0.001). Univariate regression analysis revealed that lower TTR values increased the possibility of NICU admission six times (95 % confidence interval: 0.26–0.39, p=0.01). A statistically significant negative correlation was detected between TTR and the NICU requirement (r: −0.435, p=0.004). As a result of the receiver operating characteristic analysis, in predicting NICU admission, the optimal cut-off value of TTR was determined to be 0.31 with 78 % sensitivity and 67 % specificity (area under the curve=0.819; p<0.001). We determined that the fetal TTR may be affected by the inflammatory process caused by the maternal-fetal immune system and increased serum bile acid levels in fetal organs in the presence of ICP. We consider that TTR can be used to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with ICP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. The thiol/disulfide balance is shifted towards oxidation in psoriatic arthritis compared to controls and is associated with higher disease activity.
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Kor, Ahmet, Akan, Selçuk, Oğuz, Esra Fırat, Maraş, Yüksel, Neşelioğlu, Salim, and Erten, Şükran
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OXIDATION-reduction reaction , *ANKYLOSING spondylitis , *STATISTICAL correlation , *PSORIATIC arthritis , *HOMEOSTASIS , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *STATISTICAL significance , *ENZYME inhibitors , *SULFUR compounds , *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test , *FISHER exact test , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *HOSPITALS , *BLOOD sedimentation , *MANN Whitney U Test , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CASE-control method , *STATISTICS , *RESEARCH , *ONE-way analysis of variance , *ALBUMINS , *DATA analysis software , *BIOMARKERS , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Objective This study was designed to compare thiol/disulfide and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels between psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and healthy controls and evaluate the correlation between these molecules and the disease activity scores used in PsA. Methods A total of 63 PsA patients and 49 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), modified disease activity score 28 (DAS28), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) scores were used as disease activity indices for PsA patients. Calculations of native thiol (-SH), disulfide (-SS), and total thiol (-SH+-SS) molecules were made by the automatic spectrophotometric method, and the albumin cobalt binding test was used to measure IMA levels. Results In the PsA group, -SS/-SH and -SS/(-SH+-SS) levels were higher and -SH/(-SH+-SS) levels were lower than in controls. In the linear regression analysis, a significant correlation relationship was detected between DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and -SS/(-SH+-SS) (β = 0.795, CI 95%, 0.196-1.395; P =.010), -SH/(-SH+-SS) (β = -0.475, CI 95%, 0.114-0.836; P =.010) and IMA (β = 3.932, CI 95%, 0.859-7.005; P =.013). Additionally, a significant correlation was detected between IMA and BASDAI and BASFI. Conclusion In PsA, thiol/disulfide homeostasis has shifted in favor of disulfide as an oxidative indicator. Serum thiol/disulfide levels are correlated with PsA disease activity indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. Is Older Age an Independent Prognostic Factor of Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer?
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Toquero, Patricia, Mondéjar, Rebeca, Romero-Laorden, Nuria, Méndez, Elena, Castillo, Lucía, Hernández Marín, Berta, Donnay, Olga, and Colomer, Ramon
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LIVER surgery , *AGE distribution , *COLORECTAL cancer , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CANCER patients , *METASTASIS , *KAPLAN-Meier estimator , *STATISTICS , *NUTRITIONAL status , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *MOLECULAR biology , *OVERALL survival , *PROPORTIONAL hazards models , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Introduction: Older patients (≤75 years) with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) may have worse survival than non-older patients. We hypothesized that, rather than age alone, concurrent factors may be more relevant for real-world survival. Methods: Patients diagnosed with CRC in a 5-year period (2014–2018) were analyzed to determine which factors influenced in overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted by Cox regression analysis. The study was approved by Ethics Committee. Results: Out of 477 patients diagnosed with CRC, 231 had advanced disease. Ninety-two patients (40%) were older than 75 years; median OS (mOS) was 17.1 m (95% CI: 14.3–23.3), p < 0.001. In non-older patients, mOS was 26.7 m (95% CI: 21.9–32.6), p < 0.001. We evaluated eighteen concurrent factors that included characteristics related to the patient (age, sex, comorbidities, polypharmacy, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), and nutritional status), to the tumor (stage at diagnosis, tumor side, molecular profile, tumor burden, location, and number of metastasis), and to the treatment administered (systemic treatment for advanced disease, chemotherapy schedule and number of lines, severe adverse events and dose reductions, and surgery of liver metastasis). In the univariate analysis, age at diagnosis, ECOG, nutritional status, tumor side, molecular profile, tumor burden, systemic treatment for advanced disease, and surgery of liver metastases had significant impact on survival. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only four factors (tumor burden, nutritional status, systemic treatment for advanced disease, and surgery of liver metastases) were independently associated with OS but not older age at diagnosis. Conclusion: Older age is not an independent survival prognostic factor for advanced CRC. Tumor burden, nutritional status, systemic treatment for advanced disease, and surgery of liver metastasis were significant factors associated with OS. These findings suggest that older patients should not be excluded from cancer treatment based on age alone. Plain Language Summary: Older patients with advanced CRC constitute a heterogeneous population, including patients with excellent health status and others with multiple comorbidities, functional dependence, or limited life expectancy. Furthermore, the definition of an "elderly" or "older" patient is not widely accepted and may vary between studies, although 75 years may be an appropriate cut-off point, as confirmed in our study. At present, there are few prospective and randomized studies focused on the progression and treatment of advanced colorectal cancer in elderly patients, so understanding the factors that influence its clinical course is a difficult challenge. In this retrospective real-world study, we analyze the influence of advanced age on the survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The analysis of eighteen characteristics that were grouped in three subcategories: characteristic related to the patient (age, sex, comorbidities, polypharmacy, ECOG, and nutritional status [albumin levels at diagnosis]), to the tumor (stage at diagnosis, tumor side, molecular profile, tumor burden [CEA levels at diagnosis], location and number of metastasis), and to the treatment administrated (systemic treatment for advanced disease, chemotherapy schedule and number of lines, severe adverse events and dose reductions, and surgery of liver metastasis) showed that older age at diagnosis is not an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, tumor burden, nutritional status, systemic treatment of advanced disease, or surgery of liver metastases are independent predictors of survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Personal and Social Correlates of Self-Reported Physical Activity in Individuals With a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.
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Kleis, Rachel R., Dlugonski, Deirdre, Hoch, Matthew C., Hogg-Graham, Rachel, Slone, Stacey, and Hoch, Johanna M.
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HEALTH literacy , *SELF-evaluation , *CROSS-sectional method , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery , *DATA analysis , *STATISTICAL significance , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *KNEE joint , *SPORTS participation , *STATISTICS , *ANALYSIS of variance , *SOCIAL support , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *DATA analysis software , *PHYSICAL activity , *REGRESSION analysis , *PREDICTIVE validity - Abstract
Physical activity is negatively impacted after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and subsequent reconstruction. Previous evidence suggests that individuals with a history of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) may experience additional barriers to sport and physical activity participation. The purpose of this study was to identify personal and social factors (physical literacy, social support, and knee function) that are predictive of self-reported physical activity in individuals with a history of ACLR. Bivariate analyses determined that elements of physical literacy and knee function were positively correlated with self-reported physical activity. The final stepwise linear regression model demonstrated that the PLAYself Physical Literacy Self-description subsection accounted for 12.2% of the variance of self-reported physical activity (p =.003). The significant effect of the PLAYself Physical Literacy Self-description remained (p =.002) even when additional demographic covariates (age, time since ACLR, and sex) were added to the model. Findings suggest that physical literacy may be a salient factor to consider for promoting physical activity after ACLR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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47. Computerized Rotational Head Impulse Test: Age-Dependent Normative Data.
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du Plessis, Mangelique, Heinze, Barbara, Reddy, Tarryn M., Kiderman, Alexander, and González, Jorge E.
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SEMICIRCULAR canal physiology , *REFERENCE values , *STATISTICAL correlation , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *VESTIBULAR apparatus , *DATA analysis , *PROPRIOCEPTION , *REFLEXES , *STATISTICAL sampling , *AGE distribution , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *COMPUTER-aided diagnosis , *RESEARCH , *STATISTICS , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DATA analysis software , *VESTIBULAR function tests , *REGRESSION analysis , *VESTIBULAR nerve - Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the normative vestibulo- ocular reflex gain output values of the computerized rotational head impulse test (crHIT) with stationary visual targets (earth bound) in healthy participants in each decade age band of life: 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70+ years. Method: Seventy-seven community-dwelling participants (10-85 years of age) with normal lateral semicircular canal (SCC) functioning and no symptoms or history of vestibular dysfunction were recruited through convenience sampling and assessed with the crHIT using stationary targets. These participants were assessed using two standard protocols in a randomized order. Results: Results from 77 participants (Mage = 46 years; 43 women, 34 men) were analyzed. Pearson's correlation coefficient and simple linear regression indicated a statistically significant relationship between crHIT gain output and age (p >.05) for right gain, 1030°/s², and left gain, 1005°/s². Although a statistically significant relationship was found, the slope was minor, demonstrating that the clinical effect of age on crHIT gain output was insignificant. Furthermore, no statistically significant relationship exists between crHIT gain output and gender (p > .05). Age-dependent normative data were calculated using the 2.5th and 97.5th confidence interval (CI) percentile method. The responses of angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) gain values for crHIT are expected to occur within the range for lower limit reference interval (RI) of 0.85-0.9 and upper limit RI of 1.11-1.18 for 1030°/s² and lower limit RI of 0.86-0.92 and upper limit RI of 1.13-1.16 for 1005°/s² .It can be expected that 90% CI of the population with normal lateral SCC function- ing will have aVOR gain values that fall within this range. Conclusion: Despite a statistically significant relationship that exists with aVOR gain output and age, the changes are minor, declining by 0.0088 units per 10 years, justifying the same normative data for all decade age bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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48. Xanthan‐based chlorhexidine gel effects in non‐surgical periodontal therapy? A meta‐analysis.
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Mensi, Magda, Palazzolo, Antonino, Garzetti, Gianluca, Lops, Diego, Calza, Stefano, and Rota, Matteo
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PERIODONTITIS treatment , *PERIODONTAL disease treatment , *CONSERVATIVE treatment , *CHLORHEXIDINE , *DENTAL scaling , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *STATISTICAL models , *PHARMACEUTICAL gels , *DRUG delivery systems , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *META-analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *MEDLINE , *TOOTH root planing , *LITERATURE reviews , *STATISTICS , *ONLINE information services , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *ADVERSE health care events , *DATA analysis software , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Objective: To carry out a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing scaling and root planing (SRP) or placebo with subgingival application of xanthan‐based CHX (chlorhexidine) gel as adjunct to SRP. Materials and Methods: The literature search was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS; primary outcomes were probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and gain in clinical attachment level (CAL). Results: Overall, 15 studies were included. Three studies were judged to be at moderate risk of bias while the remaining 12 were rated at high risk of bias. A significant improvement in PPD reduction (standardized mean difference, SMD, 0.87, 95% CI, 0.41–1.34) and CAL gain (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI, 0.36–1.33) emerged for the SRP + CXH gel compared to the SRP alone group, in the presence of significant high heterogeneity among the studies. Conclusions: Our systematic review and meta‐analysis showed that xanthan‐based chlorhexidine gel as adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy gives benefit in terms of PPD reduction and CAL gain as compared to non‐surgical periodontal therapy only. Since there was high heterogeneity among studies and the quality of the evidence is low, further studies characterized by a better methodology, adequate sample size and longer follow‐up are warranted in the next future. Registration: The protocol of this scoping review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO) with ID: CRD42023391589. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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49. Readiness for HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Decision Making Following Sexual Violence.
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Draughon Moret, Jessica, Wilson, Machelle, Humphrey-Staub, Jacke, Porter, Tequila, Wellington, Jessica, and Anderson, Jocelyn C.
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HIV prevention , *CROSS-sectional method , *COMMUNITY health services , *HEALTH literacy , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *FEAR , *SEX crimes , *RESEARCH funding , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *SELF-efficacy , *CONTROL (Psychology) , *DATA analysis , *SEX distribution , *SOCIAL services , *HEALTH insurance , *HIV infections , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *AGE distribution , *MANN Whitney U Test , *BINGE drinking , *SURVEYS , *RACE , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *RESEARCH methodology , *ECONOMIC impact , *HEALTH behavior , *CONDOMS , *STATISTICS , *PATIENT decision making , *RISK perception , *SOCIAL support , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *MENTAL depression , *ECONOMIC aspects of diseases , *MEDICAL care costs , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can reduce the risk of acquiring HIV infection following sexual assault. However, only about half of people offered HIV PEP will initiate the medication. Factors associated with patient readiness for HIV PEP following sexual assault have been attributed to structural and clinical barriers. This study utilized the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior to better understand how personal factors, cognitive factors, mental health, barriers and facilitators that could influence a patient's decision to start HIV PEP post sexual assault. A web-based cross sectional survey was conducted from October 2017 to January 2020 and a total of 228 responses were included from participants that had experienced sexual assault in the previous 3 months. Using linear regression modeling fear of HIV, post-traumatic stress symptoms, validating social responses to disclosure, and having someone else pay for HIV PEP were all associated with feeling better prepared for HIV PEP decision making. Results indicate that structural, social, and individual factors impact patient decision making. These findings highlight opportunities for health systems and providers to improve HIV education and the importance of initiating HIV PEP following sexual assault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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50. Anticholinergic and sedative medication use in older patients with cognitive concerns.
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Hinkle, Caroline E., Davis, Jennifer D., Arias, Idania, Goldstein, Allyson, Daiello, Lori, and Margolis, Seth A.
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PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC agents , *CROSS-sectional method , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *RESEARCH funding , *MILD cognitive impairment , *EXECUTIVE function , *COGNITIVE processing speed , *POLYPHARMACY , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ATTENTION , *COGNITION disorders , *STATISTICS , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGY , *MEMORY , *DEMENTIA , *REGRESSION analysis , *OLD age - Abstract
Background: Anticholinergic (AC) and sedative medications are a risk factor for cognitive impairment. This study sought to characterize AC and sedative use in older patients seen for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation and evaluate their associations with different cognitive domains. We hypothesized that AC and sedative use would be associated with worse attention/processing speed (AP), executive functioning (EF), and memory. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional chart review of 392 patients (mean [M] age = 72 ± 7.7 years, range = 54–91). Medications were characterized by number of AC medications (≥1 on the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale [ACB]), number of sedative medications, and polypharmacy (≥5 daily medications). Demographically adjusted composites were calculated for AP, EF, and memory. Bivariate Pearson correlations assessed relationships between medication use and cognition. Multivariate linear regressions evaluated significant medication‐cognition associations, controlling for total medications, medical comorbidities, and estimated premorbid cognitive functioning. Results: Polypharmacy was common (80%; n = 314). Most patients (70%; n = 275) used ≥1 sedative medications (range = 0–9). Over half (63%; n = 248) used ≥1 AC drugs (range = 0–7), yet ACB scores were ≤2 in 74% of patients. Sedative use was negatively correlated with AP (r = −0.134, p = 0.008) and EF (r = −0.105, p = 0.04). ACB scores were negatively correlated with AP (r = −0.106, p = 0.037). Sedatives and a priori covariates significantly predicted AP performance (R2 = 0.127, p < 0.001); using more sedative medications was uniquely associated with worse AP (β = −0.426, p = 0.049). No significant associations were found with memory. Conclusion: AC and sedative medications and polypharmacy were prevalent in this sample of older patients. Though both drug classes had negative relationships with AP and EF, sedatives had a particularly negative association with AP. Contrary to our hypotheses, memory was not associated with medication use; however, anticholinergic burden was low within the sample, and AP and EF deficits may masquerade as memory problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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