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In this study, the Mg doping effects on the nanostructural dependence of photoluminescence and the photosensing properties in Zn1−xMgxO (x = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) nanorod arrays were systematically examined. The vertical-aligned nanorod arrays were separately grown on ZnO-seeded n-Si substrates via a low-temperature hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all Zn1−xMgxO nanorod arrays exhibited the same preferentially c-oriented wurtzite structure. Images of all the Zn1−xMgxO nanorod arrays provided by field emission scanning electron microscope showed that both the length and diameter of the Zn1−xMgxO nanorod arrays increased with increasing Mg doping concentration. Also, an enhanced blue-shifted ultraviolet (UV) emission and a reduced visible emission were observed from the photoluminescence spectra of the Zn1−xMgxO nanorod arrays. The former indicated the decrease of defects and the latter indicated the enhancement of the crystallinity and the increase in optical bandgap. Current–voltage curves were separately measured in the dark and under UV illumination. Finally, the mechanism of the Mg doping effects on the corresponding defects, bandgap, and UV photosensing characteristics of the Zn1−xMgxO nanorod arrays was investigated in detail.

Ti O2 is well recognized as the electrode for large display technology. Hydrogen generation can also be achieved by the Ti O2 array. This report reveals the using of the liquid crystal device as illuminators to explore the optimal combination of the TiO 2 sample and provide a as a performance exploring for the Hydrogen generating. Advantages and the drawbacks of the present proposal can inspire the diligence of the display technology for new energy exploration.

We report an intuitive approach to simulating the performance of the phosphor-based light emitting diode (LED) by using the two-light-sources model for an optimized LED lens. The optimized secondary lens shape is achieved by approaching a uniform energy distribution on the detecting plane. Both the spectrum and spatial apodization of the LED structure are discussed, and the results indicate that the two-light-sources model can solve the misleading design on the phosphor-based LED due to imperfect color mixing of light source, that one can satisfy the highly uniformity requirement for specific applications, such as display backlight or optogenetic.

We present a cost-effective optogenetic experimental setup for investigation of synaptic gating (neuron gate). The setup consists of a cell illuminating system containing a common micro-display of a commercial word processor and light emitting diode (LED) semiconductor materials instead of optogenetic cells. The performance is verified by illuminating the LED materials and measuring the induced electric potential.

Light emitting diode (LED) has more advantages compared with a traditional incandescent light bulb and a fluorescent lamp, such as small size, low quantity of heat, long life, low power consumption, fast response, plain packaging and ease of develop ment of a frivolous short product. A methodology is proposed to improve the uniformity of the LED illumination system. As a light source in a backlight unit (BLU), the requirement for optical characteristics of a LED is different from highly directional conventional ones. New diffused-type LEDs need to be developed to fulfill the requirement of the BLU industry. A non-spherical lens is designed to optimize uniformity, and a great improvement in uniformity from 28.4 to 64% is demonstrated. In the future, it may used in an LED display to improve the unevenness of illumination.

Commercialized projection system and the LED without secondary optical lens are serving as the light source for cell illuminating experiments. Feasibilities and the application for these two approaches are discussed.