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A large number of previous studies have used self-construal to predict communication outcomes. Recent evidence, however, suggests that validity problems may exist in self-construal measurement. The current study conducted a multimethod multitrait (Campbell & Fiske, 1959) validation study of self-construal measures with data (total N = 578) collected in Korea (N = 200), Japan (N = 212), and the U.S. (N = 166). The data showed that the Singelis (1994) Self-Construal Scale, the Cross, Bacon, and Morris (2000) Relational Interdependent Self-Construal Scale (RISC), and the Kuhn and McPartland (1954) Twenty Statements Test (TST) lacked convergent and discriminant validity, both pan-culturally and within each of the three countries included in the study. Scores on the TST were not significantly related to scores on the self-construal scales, and the various self-construal measures correlated more highly with measures of communication directness than with alternative measures of the same type of self-construal. Substantial method effects were also observed. The results were tested for both 2- and 3-dimensional models of self-construal and for refined scales and scales with all items retained. The results of all analyses were inconsistent with the claim that self-construal measures are construct valid.

Background: The Double OT (DOT) assessment is occupation-based and dynamic, designed with a clientcentered format requiring skill demonstration. It was developed to support youth transitioning into the workplace. This research intended to analyze initial validity and users' experience. Method: This study includes qualitative and quantitative analyses of data collected from surveys from 169 client participants (APs) and 30 recipient participants (ARRs) from eight sites in the USA and Europe. AP were 14 to 25 years of age and engaged in residential, educational, and vocational settings. The ARRs comprised partners who had received DOT assessment summaries about APs with whom they worked. Results: The APs showed high engagement and learning; average ratings for each item fell between 4.24-4.54 on a 5-point Likert scale. The ARRs agreed on the validity and usability of the DOT; average ratings for each item fell between 3.75 and 4.53 on a 5-point Likert scale. Qualitative themes indicated that the DOT is: "fun and engaging," "vocationally informative and applicable," and that there is an absence of commonly used assessments informing vocational transitions. Conclusion: The results support initial validity of the DOT. Users find it to be highly engaging, with good usability, and indicate that it facilitates participant learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the Military Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS), developed, and validated for use in military populations. Questionnaire development using a 6-phase approach that included item generation, subject matter expert review, cognitive interviewing, factor analysis, test-retest reliability testing, and parallel forms testing. US Army soldiers were surveyed at 8 military bases from 2016 to 2019 (n = 1,561). Content, face, and construct validity and reliability of the MEBS. Item variability, internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis using principal coordinates analysis, orthogonal varimax rotation, and scree test (correlation coefficient and Cronbach alpha), as well as consistency and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient) of test-retest reliability and parallel forms reliability. Over 6 phases of testing, a comprehensive tool to examine military eating habits and mediators of eating behavior was developed. Questionnaire length was reduced from 277 items to 133 items (43 eating habits; 90 mediating behaviors). Factor analysis identified 14 eating habit scales (hunger, satiety, food craving, meal pattern, restraint, diet rigidity, emotional eating, fast/slow eating rate, environmental triggers, situational eating, supplement use, and food choice) and 8 mediating factor scales (body composition strategy, perceived stress, food access, sleep habits, military fitness, physical activity, military body image, and nutrition knowledge). The MEBS provides a new approach for assessing eating behavior in military personnel and may be used to inform and evaluate health promotion interventions related to weight management, performance optimization, and military readiness and resiliency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying depressive cognitions in first-generation Middle Eastern immigrants (FGMEI) can be an important step to prevent the development of clinical depression. Purpose: This study focused on the cross-cultural equivalence and psychometric testing of the Arabic version of the Positive Thinking Skills Scale (A-PTSS) among 100 FGMEI. Methods: Content/face validity of the measure was conducted. Internal consistency, homogeneity, dimensionality and construct validity were assessed. Results: Cronbach's alpha for (A-PTSS) was.89. Factor extraction generated only one factor, which is consistent with the English version. The A-PTSS total score had a strong positive correlation with the positive cognition scores (r =.42, p <.001), the total resourcefulness scores (r =.39, p <.001), and with the total generalized anxiety scores (r = −.42, p <.001), thereby suggesting construct validity. Conclusion: This scale has the potential to become a useful screening tool for depressive cognitions among FGMEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Previous research from a sample of US secondary schools (n = 10 553) indicated that 67% of schools had access to an athletic trainer (AT; 35% full time [FT], 30% part time [PT], and 2% per diem). However, the population-based statistic in all secondary schools with athletic programs (n = approximately 20 000) is yet to be determined. Objective: To determine the level of AT services and employment status in US secondary schools with athletics by National Athletic Trainers' Association district. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Public and private secondary schools with athletics. Patients or Other Participants: Data from all 20 272 US public and private secondary schools were obtained. Main Outcome Measure(s): Data were collected from September 2015 to April 2018 by phone or e-mail communication with school administrators or ATs and by online surveys of secondary school ATs. Employment categories were school district, school district with teaching, medical or university facility, and independent contractor. Data are presented as total number and percentage of ATs. Descriptive statistics were calculated for FT, PT, and no AT services data for public, private, public þ private, and employment type by state and by National Athletic Trainers' Association district. Results: Of the 20 272 secondary schools, 66% (n = 13 473) had access to AT services, while 34% (n = 6799) had no access. Of those schools with AT services, 53% (n = 7119) received FT services, while 47% (n = 6354) received PT services. Public schools (n = 16 076) received 37%, 32%, and 31%, whereas private schools (n = 4196) received 27%, 28%, and 45%, for FT, PT, and no AT services, respectively. Most of the Athletic Training Locations and Services Survey participants (n = 6754, 57%) were employed by a medical or university facility, followed by a school district, school district with teaching, and independent contractor. Combined, 38% of AT employment was via the school district. Conclusions: The percentages of US schools with AT access and FT and PT services were similar to those noted in previous research. One-third of secondary schools had no access to AT services. The majority of AT employment was via medical or university facilities. These data depict the largest and most updated representation of AT services in secondary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few scales currently exist to assess the quality of interprofessional teamwork through team members’ perceptions of working together in mental health settings. Aims: The purpose of this study was to revise and validate an interprofessional scale to assess the quality of teamwork in inpatient psychiatric units and to use it multi-nationally. Methods: A literature review was undertaken to identify evaluative teamwork tools and develop an additional 12 items to ensure a broad global focus. Focus group discussions considered adaptation to different care systems using subjective judgements from 11 participants in a pre-test of items. Data quality, construct validity, reproducibility, and internal consistency were investigated in the survey using an international comparative design. Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors with 21 items: ‘patient/community centred care’, ‘collaborative communication’, ‘interprofessional conflict’, ‘role clarification’, and ‘environment’. High overall internal consistency, reproducibility, adequate face validity, and reasonable construct validity were shown in the USA and Japan. Conclusions: The revised Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool (CPAT) is a valid measure to assess the quality of interprofessional teamwork in psychiatry and identifies the best strategies to improve team performance. Furthermore, the revised scale will generate more rigorous evidence for collaborative practice in psychiatry internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background and Purpose: A tool to measure the nurses' emotional response after an error in clinical practice and the potential impact emotion can have on disclosure is lacking. This study tested the psychometric properties of the Emotional Response and Disclosure of Errors in Clinical Practice instrument. Methods: The instrument was tested among 497 nurses with psychometric evaluation for validity, reliability, and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution which accounted for 55.4% of the total variance. Internal consistency results were Cronbach's alpha = .935 for the overall scale and each domain: concern = .907, anxiety = .888, and disbelief = .775. Conclusions: Use of this valid and reliable instrument in practice and education can assist with patient safety efforts. Further testing of the instrument is recommended among other health care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dietary pattern analysis represents a departure from the traditional focus on single foods and nutrients and provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of the diet in chronic disease prevention and etiology. Dietary patterns of Canadians have not been evaluated comprehensively with the use of an updated a priori dietary quality index. Objectives: We aimed to update the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI) on the basis of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the revised index, and to examine whether closer adherence to this index is associated with a lower risk of obesity with or without an accompanying chronic disease. Design: Data from 11,748 participants (≥18 y of age) in the crosssectional Canadian Community Health Survey cycle 2.2 were used in weighted multivariate analyses. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the association between diet quality and obesity risk. Results: With the use of principal component analyses, the multidimensionality of the 2015 DGAI was confirmed, and its reliability was shown with a high Cronbach's α = 0.75. Moving from the first to the fourth (healthiest) quartile of the 2015 DGAI score, there was a trend toward decreased energy (2492 ± 26 compared with 2403 ± 22 kcal, respectively; ±SE) and nutrients of concern (e.g., sodium), whereas intakes of beneficial nutrients increased (P-trend < 0.05). In the age- and sex-adjusted model, a lack of adherence to the 2015 DGA recommendations increased the OR of being unhealthy obese from 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.99) in quartile 3 to 2.08 (95% CI: 1.49, 2.90) in quartile 2 to 2.31 (95% CI: 1.65, 3.23) in the first quartile of the 2015 DGAI score, compared with the fourth quartile (healthiest) (P-trend < 0.0001). The odds of being obese without a chronic disease (healthy obese) and having a chronic disease without being obese also increased in the lowest DGAI quartile compared with the highest DGAI quartile, albeit not as much as in the unhealthy obese group. Conclusion: The 2015 DGAI provides a valid and reliable measure of diet quality among Canadians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimTo evaluate the validity of the Stanford Brief Activity Survey (SBAS) and Exercise Vital Sign (EVS) questionnaire against accelerometer-determined time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among African-American (AA) women.BackgroundLimited research has evaluated the validity of brief physical activity (PA) questionnaires among AA women. Since the validity of PA questionnaires may differ among members of varying racial/ethnic groups, research is needed to explore the validity of self-report PA measures among AA women.MethodsA total of 30 AA women [M age=35.5±5.3; M body mass index (BMI)=31.1±7.8] wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers (ActiGraph, LLC, Pensacola FL, USA) for seven days and completed both the SBAS and EVS at two different assessment periods (T1 and T2). Criterion validity was calculated using Spearman’s rank order correlations between each questionnaire score and accelerometer-measured MVPA. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using accelerometer-measured MVPA as the criterion to determine the ability of each questionnaire to predict whether or not a participant was meeting the 2008 US PA Guidelines.FindingsSpearman correlation coefficients between questionnaire scores and minutes of accelerometer-measured MVPA were low (EVS, r=0.27 at T1 and r=0.26 at T2; SBAS, r=0.10 at T1 and r=0.28 at T2) and not statistically significant (P’s>0.05). The EVS had sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of 27, 89, 59, and 68% at T1 and 33, 74, 38, and 70% at T2, respectively. The SBAS had sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were 18, 79, 33, and 62% at T1 and 67, 58, 43, and 79% at T2. While both questionnaires may be useful in identifying AA women who do not meet the 2008 PA Guidelines, using the questionnaires to identify AA women meeting the PA Guidelines should be done with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reports on a survey of all entry level physical therapy programs in the U.S., conducted to collect faculty input on women's health content in entry-level physical therapy curricula.

Background: Childhood acquired brain injuries can disrupt communication functions needed for success in school, work and social interaction. Cognitive-communication difficulties may not be apparent until adolescence, when academic, environmental and social-emotional demands increase. Objective: The Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies for Students (S-FAVRES) is a new activity-level measure of cognitive-communication skills in complex, contextual and integrative tasks that simulate real world communication challenges. It is hypothesized that S-FAVRES performance would differentiate adolescents with and without acquired brain injury (ABI) on scores for Accuracy, Rationale, Reasoning Subskills and Time. Methods: S-FAVRES was administered to 182 typically-developing (TD) and 57 adolescents with mild-to-severe ABI aged 12–19. Group differences, internal consistency, sensitivity, specificity, reliability and contributing factors to performance (age, gender, brain injury) were examined statistically. Results: Those with ABI attained statistically lower Accuracy, Rationale and Reasoning sub-skills scores than their TD peers. Time scores were not significantly different. Performance trends were consistent across tasks, administrations, gender and age groups. Inter-rater reliability for scoring was acceptable. Conclusion: The S-FAVRES provides a reliable, functional and quantifiable measure of subtle cognitive-communication difficulties in adolescents that can assist speech-language pathologists in planning treatment and integration to school and real world communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advance care planning is critical for persons with chronic kidney disease because they face a shortened lifespan. There is a paucity of reliable and valid measures exploring nephrology nurse perceptions toward advance care planning. This article reports the results of testing the factor structure, reliability, and validity of a newly developed measure of nephrology nurse perceptions toward advance care planning as well as information on nephrology nurses' perceptions on advance care planning. Measuring nephrology nurse perceptions toward advance care planning may facilitate planning of interventions to assist nurses to become more active in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survey data were collected from 143 consenting Haitian-American men to 1) examine if perceived susceptibility to prostate cancer was congruent with the objectively measured disease risk, 2) test the relationship of perceived susceptibility and fear, and 3) examine these constructs for their predictive relationships to screening behavior. Perceived susceptibility was highly correlated (p < 0.05) to fear and screening behavior. Perception of risk was much lower than actual risk. Fear was not predictive of either ever having been screened (p = 0.81) or planning to be screened (p = 0.85). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]