34 results
Search Results
2. Macroeconomic determinants of migration: the case of Germany, 1964-1988.
- Author
-
Karras G and Chiswick CU
- Subjects
- Demography, Developed Countries, Europe, Germany, Population, Population Dynamics, Emigration and Immigration, Methods, Public Policy
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Survival trees: an alternative non-parametric multivariate technique for life history analysis.
- Author
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De Rose A and Pallara A
- Subjects
- Demography, Developed Countries, Europe, Family, Family Characteristics, Italy, Longevity, Mortality, Population, Population Dynamics, Research, Statistics as Topic, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Life Cycle Stages, Marriage, Methods, Models, Theoretical, Multivariate Analysis, Survival Rate
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Reporting racial and ethnic diversity in eating disorder research over the past 20 years.
- Author
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Egbert, Amy H., Hunt, Rowan A., Williams, Kayla L., Burke, Natasha L., and Mathis, Karen Jennings
- Subjects
RACISM ,HISPANIC Americans ,CULTURAL pluralism ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ETHNIC groups ,EATING disorders ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
Objective: Recent public awareness of racial and ethnic disparities has again brought to light issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the eating disorders field. However, empirical information on racial and ethnic representation in eating disorders research is limited, making it difficult to understand where improvements are needed. Method: This study reviewed all studies including human participants published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders in 2000, 2010, and 2020. Differences in likelihood of reporting race and ethnicity were calculated based on study year, location, and diagnostic categories. Results: Out of 377 manuscripts, 45.2% reported information on the race and ethnicity of study participants. Studies conducted in the United States were more likely to report (128/173), and those conducted in Europe were less likely to report (5/61) on race and ethnicity than those conducted outside of those regions. Rates of reporting increased from 2000 to 2020. White participants made up approximately 70% of the samples that reported race and ethnicity data. Hispanic participants made up approximately 10% of samples reporting race and ethnicity. Participants from all other races and ethnicities made up less than 5% each. Discussion: Although rates of reporting race and ethnicity increased over time, most participants were White. Rates of reporting also differed by the geographical region, which may reflect variability in how information on race and ethnicity is collected across countries. More attention toward capturing the cultural background of research participants and more inclusivity in research are needed in the eating disorders field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The European Autumn Migration Pattern of the Garden Warbler, Sylvia borin – A Basic Analysis of Orientation Cage Field Data.
- Author
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Busse, Przemysław
- Subjects
BIRD migration ,GARDEN warbler ,NOCTURNAL animal activity - Abstract
The introduction of an effective method for studying the local headings of migrants using 'orientation cages' has made it possible to study the migration patterns of small passerine nocturnal migrants. Numerous papers have been published on varied samples of local data collected using this method. A rough generalization was presented at the 2019 Meeting of the European Ornithologists Union and subsequently published in The Ring. Case studies on data collected for the Blackcap have already been published, and further studies on other species were suggested. The presented work is the next study of this kind, on the migration pattern of the Garden Warbler, using data from orientation tests collected in autumn as part of the work of the SEEN (SE European Bird Migration Network). The data comprises 2,593 tests performed at 31 ringing sites in Central/Eastern Europe and the Middle East. The paper continues the discussion of application of the method to present migration patterns in a geographically wide territory. The general data evaluation methods in this work are exactly as described in the earlier papers. The paper discusses azimuths of arrival and departure tracks at every ringing site, their linearity, number relations between departing and arriving headings, and the general pattern of migration streams followed by different groups of migrants. The hypothesis put forth earlier, stating that the arrival/departure heading axes shown in studies using orientation cages are situated linearly, is once again confirmed and can be used as a general assumption in this type of study. The average deviations are very small and are negligible for drawing general migration patterns. In some cases, however, there were deviations caused by the geographic location of the study site. This problem should be discussed in more detail when more species data become available. Nine migration streams are defined in the study area, which are presented, for simplicity, using different names and colours on maps. Southward and south-eastward streams are dominant and distributed similarly to the streams of the Blackcap. The most pronounced is a stream shown in yellow (YELLOW stream), which is directed from the wide area of central and eastern Europe to the Arabian Peninsula. The BLACK and NAVY streams are the most intriguing (running nearly longitudinally) and require a great deal of attention in further analyses of migration in the Mediterranean. Two styles of presentation of the species migration pattern are discussed, of which the location style of presentation seems to be more precise. The simpler presentation style that shows only general heading axes could be used to compare the general patterns of different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. [Family formation in North Rhine-Westphalia: models and microsimulation using panel data].
- Author
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Grunwald M, Schiebel B, and Strohmeier KP
- Subjects
- Demography, Developed Countries, Europe, Germany, West, Population, Population Dynamics, Family Characteristics, Fertility, Longitudinal Studies, Methods, Models, Theoretical, Research, Sexual Behavior
- Published
- 1987
7. [Stochastic population models for the analysis of the effects of demographic processes on social security systems].
- Author
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Pflaumer P
- Subjects
- Developed Countries, Economics, Europe, Financial Management, Financing, Government, Germany, West, Organization and Administration, Population, Research, Demography, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Forecasting, Government Programs, Methods, Models, Theoretical, Old Age Assistance, Population Dynamics, Reproducibility of Results, Research Design, Social Security, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic
- Published
- 1986
8. [Theory and techniques of demographic forecasting].
- Author
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Dinkel R
- Subjects
- Developed Countries, Economics, Europe, Europe, Eastern, Germany, East, Germany, West, Population, Public Policy, Research, Social Change, Social Sciences, Socioeconomic Factors, Cohort Studies, Demography, Fertility, Forecasting, Methods, Models, Theoretical, Mortality, Population Dynamics, Statistics as Topic
- Published
- 1986
9. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America. Some Remarks after One Hundred Years.
- Author
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Cersosimo, Giuseppina
- Subjects
SOCIAL facts ,PEASANTS ,SOCIAL scientists - Abstract
This paper presents how, one hundred years after its publication, The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, 1918-1920 still has relevance and specificity, providing food for discussion among social scientists, while providing insight for interpreting social phenomena. This paper will examine two aspects the methodological approach and the presence of women in migratory social phenomena and family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. INDICATORS OF THE GROWING COMPETITIVENESS OF THE GEORGIAN PRODUCTION ON THE EUROPEAN MARKET AND ANTICIPATED TRENDS.
- Author
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Abesadze, N. and Javakhishvili, І.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC indicators ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,ECONOMIC competition ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
Copyright of Financial & Credit Activity: Problems of Theory & Practice is the property of University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Towards capturing meaningful outcomes for people with dementia in psychosocial intervention research: A pan‐European consultation.
- Author
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Øksnebjerg, Laila, Diaz‐Ponce, Ana, Gove, Dianne, Moniz‐Cook, Esme, Mountain, Gail, Chattat, Rabih, and Woods, Bob
- Subjects
TREATMENT of dementia ,CAREGIVERS ,CONFIDENCE ,DEMENTIA patients ,HEALTH ,HUMAN rights ,INTERVIEWING ,CASE studies ,QUALITY of life ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SOCIAL participation ,JUDGMENT sampling ,SOCIAL support ,THEMATIC analysis ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,PATIENTS' attitudes - Abstract
Background: People with dementia are often marginalized and excluded from influence, also in relation to dementia research. There is, however, a growing requirement for inclusion through Patient and Public Involvement (PPI), but there is still limited knowledge on how researchers can fully benefit from the involvement of people with dementia in the development and testing of psychosocial interventions. This paper describes the results of a pan‐European consultation with people with dementia, synthesizing their views on outcomes of psychosocial interventions. Objective: To involve people with dementia in establishing what are meaningful outcomes when participating in psychosocial interventions. Setting and participants: Consultations took place at four divergent sites across Europe, involving twenty‐five people with dementia from nine European countries. Methods: The methods used for the consultation were developed through an iterative process involving people with dementia. Data from the consultation were analysed from a thematic analysis approach. Results: The results suggested that people with dementia wish to participate in interventions that enhance their well‐being, confidence, health, social participation and human rights. This highlights a need for improvements in psychosocial research to capture these outcomes. Discussion and conclusions: Involving people with dementia in discussions of psychosocial interventions has enhanced our understanding about meaningful outcome measures in research and methods of data collection. This study suggests that new outcome measures in psychosocial research are needed where concepts of positive psychology and social health can guide innovation and outcome measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. States We Pretend Exist and States We Ignore.
- Author
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Adams, Karen Ruth
- Subjects
- *
STATES (Political subdivisions) , *ENTITY (Philosophy) , *POPULATION - Abstract
In research on state survival and death in Europe and the Middle East from 1816-1994, I have found that a number of non-state entities are included in the Correlates of War (COW), Polity, and other data sets used by international-relations and comparative scholars. I have also found that these data sets exclude a surprising number of the empirically-sovereign states that existed in Europe and Middle East between 1816 and 1994. COW, for example, includes data for 15 non-state entities comprising a total of 91 entity years and, more significantly, lacks data for 99 states comprising 3,153 state years -- 371f all of the state years I have identified. Although most of the missing states fall beneath the COW population cutoff of 500,000 people, a number of states with populations of less than 500,000 are included in the COW data. Moreover, COW excludes a number of Middle Eastern and Eastern European states with populations over that benchmark. In this paper, I explore the biases in the COW data and assess their significance. I proceed as follows. First, I discuss the population and juridical sovereignty rules COW uses to define its universe of states, and I speculate about the biases these criteria are likely to introduce into the data. Then I propose alternative criteria for inclusion and discuss my own State Survival and Death Data (SSAD) set, which includes all of the empirically-sovereign states in Europe and the Middle East from 1816 to 1994. Next, I compare the states and state years in the COW data to those in SSAD. I do so in two steps. First I discuss the non-state entities in the COW data, then I enumerate and examine the states missing from that data. In discussing both of these problems, I discuss the biases I have found in the COW data, consider their implications for the validity of past empirical findings, and suggest ways that scholars can test for and avoid the effects of these biases until the COW and other data projects address the problem so that scholars can continue to use their data with confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Secondary Analysis and Culture of Disputation in European Qualitative Research.
- Author
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Dargentas, Magdalini
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,QUALITATIVE research ,SECONDARY analysis ,DATA analysis ,RESEARCH ethics - Abstract
This essay reviews the Symposium on Secondary Analysis in Qualitative Research--Utopia and Perspectives. The Symposium, which was held in November 2005, was the first academic meeting in France to focus on qualitative research, mainly through secondary analysis and archiving. Researchers from various European countries, academic fields and working contexts discussed their practices in qualitative research and secondary analysis. As secondary analysis is almost nonexistent in France, this Symposium has offered researchers an opportunity to become familiar with this method, to meet European experts, and to engage in constructive dialogues. This paper initially places qualitative research, secondary analysis and archiving in an international perspective. It then relates these practices to the current situation in France and introduces the organization of the Symposium. Next it describes scholars' contributions and areas of study under reflection throughout this event. In addition, it discusses several directions the field of secondary analysis is currently moving in, as well as qualitative methods. The main contributions of this Symposium deal with the issues of cumulative knowledge, the need to take an epistemological turn, the institutionalization of qualitative research in France, as well as academic disciplines' growing need to reflect on the traditions and standards of qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
14. Dignity and older Europeans: Methodology.
- Author
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Calnan, Michael and Tadd, Win
- Subjects
DIGNITY ,OLDER people ,MEDICAL personnel ,SOCIAL workers ,DATABASES ,CROSS-cultural studies - Abstract
This paper describes the methods used within the Dignity and Older Europeans (DOE) Project and in particular the approach involved in developing the bibliographical database, the philosophical methods used in creating the theoretical model of dignity, together with the empirical methods involved in data collection with older people, health and social care practitioners and the younger and middle-aged adults, will be described. The paper will attempt to provide the reasoning for the chosen methods and highlight some of the difficulties involved in carrying out comparative cross-cultural research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Screening for autism spectrum disorders: state of the art in Europe.
- Author
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García-Primo, Patricia, Hellendoorn, Annika, Charman, Tony, Roeyers, Herbert, Dereu, Mieke, Roge, Bernadette, Baduel, Sophie, Muratori, Filippo, Narzisi, Antonio, Daalen, Emma, Moilanen, Irma, Paz, Manuel, and Canal-Bedia, Ricardo
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of autism ,AGE distribution ,EARLY diagnosis - Abstract
A large number of studies have reported on the validity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening procedures. An overall understanding of these studies' findings cannot be based solely on the level of internal validity of each, since screening instruments might perform differently according to certain factors in different settings. Europe has led the field with the development of the first screening tool and first prospective screening study of autism. This paper seeks to provide an overview of ASD screening studies and ongoing programmes across Europe, and identify variables that have influenced the outcomes of such studies. Results show that, to date, over 70,000 children have been screened in Europe using 18 different screening procedures. Differences among findings across studies have enabled us to identify ten factors that may influence screening results. Although it is impossible to draw firm conclusions as to which screening procedure is most effective, this analysis might facilitate the choice of a screening method that best fits a specific scenario, and this, in turn, may eventually improve early ASD detection procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Combining methods: a key to understanding complexity in European societies?
- Author
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Hantrais, Linda
- Subjects
SOCIAL conditions in Europe ,SOCIAL sciences ,FAMILIES ,PUBLIC welfare ,SOCIAL science research - Abstract
Large-scale European research programmes have provided an impetus for social science researchers to co-operate more closely not only across national and cultural boundaries but also across disciplines and research paradigms. Attempts to make sense of diversity have led to a blurring of the traditional methodological divide between quantitative and qualitative paradigms, opening up new perspectives and creating opportunities for synergy and complementarity. The paper draws on examples of the methods used in a cluster of European projects and networks in the field of family and welfare to illustrate the epistemological and practical problems raised when applying multi-methods approaches to research into European societies. It argues that, once these problems have been overcome, by combining methods within and across projects, researchers can expect to gain a deeper understanding of social phenomena in different national settings and develop new insights into complex issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. GIS uses and constraints on diffusion in Eastern European and the former USSR.
- Author
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Brunn SD, Dahlman CT, and Taylor JS
- Subjects
- Developed Countries, Europe, Europe, Eastern, Organization and Administration, Social Sciences, USSR, Geography, Health Planning, Methods
- Abstract
The authors examine the emerging uses of geographic information systems (GIS) in Eastern Europe and the countries that formerly were part of the USSR. "The paper, based on a communications survey, conference participation, and local sources, devotes particular attention to GIS applications in planning and services delivery and to variable rates of adoption of GIS technology in the region, as documented in a table of public-sector applications compiled by the authors. Factors limiting the utility of traditional innovation-diffusion models in understanding current patterns are identified.", (excerpt)
- Published
- 1998
18. Reducing costs of censuses in Norway through use of administrative registers.
- Author
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Longva S, Thomsen I, and Severeide PI
- Subjects
- Developed Countries, Europe, Norway, Research, Scandinavian and Nordic Countries, Censuses, Data Collection, Methods, Population Characteristics, Public Policy, Registries, Vital Statistics
- Abstract
"For some years it has been the policy of Statistics Norway to collaborate with various governmental agencies in order to use administrative registers in statistics production. This policy has been supported politically, and a new Statistics Act has been useful in these efforts. The purpose of this paper is to present the strategy and methodology used to produce statistics in general, census statistics in particular, when based on a combined use of administrative registers and directly collected data. Experiences from Norwegian censuses since 1960 will be presented.", (excerpt)
- Published
- 1998
19. A multilevel model of sudden infant death syndrome in England and Wales.
- Author
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Langford IH and Bentham G
- Subjects
- Demography, Developed Countries, Disease, England, Environment, Europe, Infant Mortality, Mortality, Population, Population Dynamics, Research, United Kingdom, Wales, Climate, Emigration and Immigration, Geography, Infections, Methods, Models, Theoretical, Sudden Infant Death
- Abstract
The relationship between migration and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in England and Wales is analyzed using official data for the period 1979-1983. "In this paper, multilevel modelling is used to examine the variability in SIDS deaths at different geographical scales, namely district, county, and regional levels. Given the population-mixing hypothesis, it is possible that high levels of population mixing in one district will have an effect on the spread of infections in an adjacent district, and the rates for individual districts will not be spatially independent of each other. Factors such as climate varying at regional scale may also be important. A log-linear multilevel model is developed to examine these issues, and the discussion focuses on the methodological issues raised by the analysis such as appropriate multilevel structure, methods of estimation, dispersion of residuals, and significance of parameter estimates.", (excerpt)
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Mortality differences in Norway. Two biographical data analyses and one question about female mortality differentials.
- Author
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Thiltges E
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Demography, Developed Countries, Europe, Norway, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Research, Scandinavian and Nordic Countries, Adult, Methods, Mortality, Statistics as Topic
- Abstract
"The aim of this paper is, first, to give an overview of the local history approach developed in adult mortality differentials; secondly, to present its potentiality compared with a more usual approach.... Our methodology was applied to Norwegian data.", (excerpt)
- Published
- 1995
21. Suicide and fertility: a study of moral statistics.
- Author
-
Durkheim E
- Subjects
- Demography, Developed Countries, Europe, Fertility, France, Mortality, Population, Population Dynamics, Social Sciences, Birth Rate, Methods, Sociology, Suicide
- Abstract
This paper was originally published in French in 1988 and was written by the sociologist E. Durkheim. In the forward by John Simons, it is noted that in this article the author "claims to demonstrate an inverse relationship between the suicide rate and the birth rate for the Departements of France, and to explain why this relationship was to be expected." The data concern the period 1801-1869., (excerpt)
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Analysis and prediction of the population in Spain: 1910-2000.
- Author
-
Garcia-ferrer A and Del Hoyo J
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Developed Countries, Economics, Europe, Population, Population Characteristics, Research, Sex Factors, Spain, Statistics as Topic, Age Distribution, Demography, Forecasting, Methods, Models, Theoretical, Public Policy, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors
- Abstract
"The starting hypothesis of this paper was the actual occurrence of important interactions between demographic and socio-economic factors when trying to reach population forecasts that may be more efficient than those obtained by mere extrapolative methods. In order to be able to implement this approach to the Spanish case it has been necessary to reconstruct first the Spanish population series by age and sex groups from 1910 to 1980. Later, we proceed to obtain population forecasts using alternative modeling strategies and comment on the potential problems that the new demographic situation may have for future public policy.", (excerpt)
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. [Migration flows and the regional structure of Slovakia: a hierarchical regionalization].
- Author
-
Bezak A
- Subjects
- Czechoslovakia, Demography, Developed Countries, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, Europe, Eastern, Population, Geography, Methods, Population Dynamics, Urban Population
- Abstract
"In this paper an attempt has been made to gain some insight into the regional structure of Slovakia using a...matrix of migration flows between administrative districts for the 1981-1985 period.... The results of the functional regionalization are important at least in three aspects. Firstly, they demonstrate that in general a hierarchy of functional migration regions can be identified in Slovakia.... The second important result refers to a relatively numerous group of cosmopolitan districts....Finally, it can be noted that the hierarchical clustering procedure has produced spatially continuous functional regions...." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)
- Published
- 1991
24. Modelling excess mortality of the unemployed: choice of scale and extra-Poisson variability.
- Author
-
Keiding N, Andersen PK, and Frederiksen K
- Subjects
- Demography, Denmark, Developed Countries, Economics, Employment, Europe, Population, Population Dynamics, Research, Scandinavian and Nordic Countries, Methods, Models, Theoretical, Mortality, Unemployment
- Abstract
"Occupational mortality and morbidity is usually studied via standardized mortality (or morbidity) ratios, with little attention to the basic fit of the implicit underlying proportional hazards model. This paper presents a case study on unemployment and mortality, based on the complete Danish male population aged 20-64 years at the 1970 census. The effect of unemployment on the age-specific mortality rate is intermediate between additive and multiplicative and was fitted well by an additive effect on the square root of the mortality. The paper discusses and illustrates whether finer stratification or random residual variation ('frailty') is to be preferred for obtaining a statistically satisfactory fit.", (excerpt)
- Published
- 1990
25. Variation in vital rates by age, period, and cohort.
- Author
-
Wilmoth JR
- Subjects
- Developed Countries, Europe, France, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Research, Age Factors, Cohort Studies, Demography, Methods, Models, Theoretical, Mortality, Vital Statistics
- Abstract
"The analysis of age-specific vital rates is studied, and special attention is given to the problem of decomposing an array of rates into factors related to age, period, and cohort.... The paper focuses on the age and period dimensions and derives an initial description of the matrix's structure with regard to changes only in those two directions. This two-dimensional description is then augmented by a consideration of residual patterns that seem clearly linked to cohorts. The use of a model that is asymmetric in age, period, and cohort is justified by a detailed discussion of the problems of identification in models involving perfectly collinear independent variables. An important conclusion is that traditional modeling approaches that treat age, period, and cohort in a symmetric fashion are fundamentally flawed." Some of these concepts are illustrated using mortality data from France. This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 55, No. 3, Fall 1989, pp. 375-6)., (excerpt)
- Published
- 1990
26. Forecasting the German population with Monte Carlo methods.
- Author
-
Pflaumer P
- Subjects
- Developed Countries, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, Fertility, Germany, West, Mortality, Research, Statistics as Topic, Forecasting, Methods
- Abstract
"This paper presents an approach of constructing confidence intervals by means of Monte Carlo simulation. This technique attempts to incorporate the uncertainty involved in projecting the [West] German population by letting the fertility, mortality and net immigration rates vary as a random variable with a specific distribution. Since fertility and migration are by far the most volatile, and therefore, the most critical components to population forecasting, this technique has the potential of accounting for this uncertainty, if the subjective distributions are specified with enough care.", (excerpt)
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. [Territorial mobility based on census data: the estimation of migratory flows].
- Author
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Maffenini W
- Subjects
- Demography, Developed Countries, Europe, Geography, Italy, Population, Research, Residence Characteristics, Emigration and Immigration, Methods, Mortality, Population Dynamics, Statistics as Topic, Transients and Migrants
- Abstract
"The questions asked in many population censuses on place-of-residence at one or several fixed past dates allow the number of migrants during a specific period of time to be calculated. However, the questions asked in the censuses are retrospective, so that the migrants who died or emigrated abroad during the period considered are not included. There is no way of estimating the number of migrants who emigrated abroad; on the other hand, a simple method is available to estimate the number of migrants who died. In this paper this method of estimation is applied to data from the Italian censuses of 1971 and 1981." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE), (excerpt)
- Published
- 1986
28. [On the description of migration using counting processes].
- Author
-
Boker F
- Subjects
- Developed Countries, Europe, Germany, West, Markov Chains, Population, Research, Social Sciences, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Methods, Models, Theoretical, Population Dynamics
- Abstract
"In this paper modern counting process theory is used to describe the migrations of inhabitants of an area between the regions of this area, e.g. between the 11 federal states of the Federal Republic of Germany.... It is assumed that the migration behaviour of an individual inhabitant is described by a Markov process." The advantages of using counting process theory are discussed. (summary in ENG), (excerpt)
- Published
- 1984
29. Fertility Projections in a European Context: A Survey of Current Practices among Statistical Agencies.
- Author
-
Gleditsch, Rebecca Folkman, Syse, Astri, and Thomas, Michael J.
- Subjects
FERTILITY ,SCIENTIFIC community ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,POPULATION forecasting ,CATTLE fertility - Abstract
Projection studies have often focused on mortality and, more recently, migration. Fertility is less studied, although even small changes can have significant repercussions for the size and age structure of future populations. Across Europe, there is no consensus on how fertility is best projected. In this article, we identify different approaches used to project fertility among statistical agencies in Europe and provide an assessment of the different approaches according to the producers themselves. Data were collected using a mixed-method approach. First, European statistical agencies answered a questionnaire regarding fertility projection practices. Second, an in-depth review of select countries was performed. Most agencies combine formal models with expert opinion. While many attempt to maximise the use of relevant inputs, there is more variation in the detail of outputs, with some agencies unable to account for changing age patterns. In a context of limited resources, most are satisfied with their approaches, though some are assessing alternative methodologies to improve accuracy and increase transparency. This study highlights the diversity of approaches used in fertility projections across Europe. Such knowledge may be useful to statistical agencies as they consider, test and implement different approaches, perhaps in collaboration with other agencies and the wider scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The European Youth Heart Study—Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Children: Rationale, Aims, Study Design, and Validation of Methods.
- Author
-
Riddoch, Chris, Edwards, Dawn, Page, Angie, Froberg, Karsten, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Wedderkopp, Niels, Brage, Søren, Cooper, Ashley R., Sardinha, Luis B., Harro, Maarike, Klasson-Heggebø, Lena, van Mechelen, Willem, Boreham, Colin, Ekelund, Ulf, and Andersen, Lars Bo
- Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,DISEASE risk factors ,DIRECT marketing ,JUVENILE diseases ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
Background: The aim of the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) is to establish the nature, strength, and interactions between personal, environmental, and lifestyle influences on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in European children. Methods: The EYHS is an international study measuring CVD risk factors, and their associated influences, in children. Relationships between these independent factors and risk of disease will inform the design of CVD interventions in children. A minimum of 1000 boys and girls ages 9 and 15 y were recruited from four European countries—Denmark, Estonia, Norway, and Portugal. Variables measured included physical, biochemical, lifestyle, psychosocial, and sociodemographic data. Results: Of the 5664 children invited to participate, 4169 (74%) accepted. Response rates for most individual tests were moderate to high. All test protocols were well received by the children. Conclusions: EYHS protocols are valid, reliable, acceptable to children, and feasible for use in large, field-based studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Capturing Culture: A New Method to Estimate Exogenous Cultural Effects Using Migrant Populations.
- Author
-
Polavieja, Javier G.
- Subjects
CULTURE -- Psychological aspects ,ECONOMICS & culture ,WOMEN employees ,GENDER role ,CULTURAL values ,HUMAN behavior research ,SOCIAL conditions of women ,GENDER differences (Sociology) ,ANALYSIS of covariance ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,GROUP identity ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MATHEMATICAL statistics ,RESEARCH methodology ,NOMADS ,PERSONALITY ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,LABELING theory ,PARAMETERS (Statistics) ,SOCIAL attitudes ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
We know that culture influences people’s behavior. Yet estimating the exact extent of this influence poses a formidable methodological challenge for the social sciences. This is because preferences and beliefs are endogenous, that is, they are shaped by individuals’ own experiences and affected by the same macro-structural conditions that constrain their actions. This study introduces a new method to overcome endogeneity problems in the estimation of cultural effects by using migrant populations. This innovative method uses imputed traits, generated from non-migrating equivalents observed at the country of origin, as instruments for immigrants’ own cultural traits measured at the country of destination. By construction, imputed traits are exogenous to immigrants’ host social environment. The predicted power of imputed traits over observed traits in instrumental-variable estimation captures the non-idiosyncratic component of preferences and beliefs that migrants and non-migrating equivalents share as members of the same national-origin group, that is, their culture. I use this innovative method to estimate the net exogenous impact of traditional values on female labor-force participation in Europe. I find that this impact is much larger than standard regression methods would suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The challenges of innovation for sustainable agriculture and rural development: Integrating local actions into European policies with the Reflective Learning Methodology.
- Author
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Moschitz, Heidrun and Home, Robert
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,REFLECTIVE learning ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,AGRICULTURAL innovations ,RURAL development ,ACTION research - Abstract
The linear view of innovation in agricultural contexts is being replaced by systems approaches. Agricultural producers are seen as important actors rather than merely consumers of the technologies that are generated by agricultural research and transferred by education and extension services for subsequent adoption. This new understanding of innovation for sustainable agriculture is however not reflected within the European policy framework, so learning and innovation networks for sustainable agriculture (LINSA) have formed in response. The support needs of these innovation networks are poorly understood which hampers their integration into policy. A participatory action research approach – the Reflective Learning Methodology was developed and applied to address the challenge of up-scaling from local learning and innovation networks to a regional, in this case European, support framework for innovation in sustainable agriculture. We examine the Reflective Learning Methodology by describing and analysing its application in a European level action research project. This approach involves identifying some of the challenges of transdisciplinary research and finding ways of addressing them and critically reflecting on the role of the researcher in participatory action research. With the Reflective Learning Methodology, we have developed a tool, which has the potential to be adapted to research projects in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Understanding Research Methodology: Social History and the Reformation Period in Europe.
- Author
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Jurgens, Laura Kathryn
- Subjects
REFORMATION ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
This article provides an overview of the social-historical methodology, highlights relevant scholarship on this approach, and offers specific examples of studies on the Reformation period in Europe that use the social-historical method. I begin by explaining how the social-historical methodology, otherwise known as new social history, originated from the historical method. While highlighting key scholarship on this approach, I outline how the social-historical method differs from the historical method. I also present two essential methodological features of social history, including using sources in new, more analytical ways. I conclude by presenting specific examples of how historians of the early modern period, such as Kirsi Stjerna and Merry Wiesner-Hanks, apply the social-historical method in their own studies. This last section focuses on works that explore women's history, family life, work, and witchcraft, primarily during the Reformation period in Europe. My goal is to provide a resource for emerging young scholars, such as undergraduate students and newly admitted graduate students, who are interested in strengthening their own work by better understanding the social-historical research method and how it is used in the study of history and religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Towards a European Network for Multiple Sclerosis Trials (ENMST).
- Author
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Kappos, L, Polman, C, Thompson, AJ, Duda, P, Clanet, M, Comi, G, Hartung, HP, and Montalban, X
- Subjects
MULTIPLE sclerosis ,CLINICAL trials ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
Quality standards for clinical studies in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) have improved significantly, to the great benefit of patients. This development has been accompanied by soaring costs and ever increasing complexity, with industry-independent trials having become virtually impossible. We propose establishing a European network that would include expertise in all the relevant aspects of MS treatment trials. In a stepwise approach, all interested active centres across Europe should be recruited into the network, based on agreement upon common scientific standards and quality requirements. Three main goals are discussed: • to facilitate identification of potentially useful agents for MS treatment; • to establish protocols for the interaction between investigators and industry; and • to identify common standards and a core set of data to allow for comparisons of MS trials. Collaboration with existing international organizations and institutions, especially the Sylvia Lawry Centre for MS Research, as well as with similar initiatives in North America and other parts of the world is envisaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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