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Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to measure the complex terahertz conductivity of a nanogranular vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin film as a function of temperature through the metal-insulator transition. The Drude-Smith model provides a good fit to the observed terahertz conductivity, revealing a metallic state that forms via switching of individual nanograins and strong carrier confinement within the nanograins due to scattering off grain boundaries. Furthermore, the directly applied Drude-Smith model provides a more accurate description of the measured terahertz conductivity in this material than either Bruggeman or Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the photoinduced insulator-metal transition in VO2, correlating its threshold and dynamics with excitation wavelength. In single crystals, switching can only be induced with photon energies above the 670 meV gap. This contrasts with the case of polycrystalline films, where formation of the metallic state can be initiated also with photon energies as low as 180 meV, which are well below the bandgap. Perfection of this process may become conducive to schemes for optical switches, limiters, and detectors operating at room temperature in the mid-infrared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy to probe the ultrafast dynamics of the insulator-metal phase transition induced by femtosecond laser pulses in a nanogranular vanadium dioxide (V02) film. Based on the observed thresholds for characteristic transient terahertz dynamics, a phase diagram of critical pump fluence versus temperature for the insulator-metal phase transition in V02 is established for the first time over a broad range of temperatures down to 17 K. We find that both Mott and Peierls mechanisms are present in the insulating state and that the photoinduced transition is nonthermal. We propose a critical-threshold model for the ultrafast photoinduced transition based on a critical density of electrons and a critical density of coherently excited phonons necessary for the structural transition to the metallic state. As a result, evidence is found at low temperatures for an intermediate metallic state wherein the Mott state is melted but the Peierls distortion remains intact, consistent with recent theoretical predictions. Finally, the observed terahertz conductivity dynamics above the photoinduced transition threshold reveal nucleation and growth of metallic nanodomains over picosecond time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]