18,576 results
Search Results
2. Studies from Tongji University Add New Findings in the Area of Gene Therapy [Research Paper Hypoxia Induced Alkbh5 Prevents Spontaneous Abortion By Mediating M(6)A-demethylation of Smad1/5 Mrnas]
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Miscarriage -- Prevention ,Genetic research ,Gene therapy ,Messenger RNA ,Abortion ,Physical fitness ,Health - Abstract
2022 OCT 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Researchers detail new data in Gene Therapy. According to news originating from [...]
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- 2022
3. Integrated smart analytics of nucleic acid amplification tests via paper microfluidics and deep learning in cloud computing.
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Sun, Hao, Jiang, Qinghua, Huang, Yi, Mo, Jin, Xie, Wantao, Dong, Hui, and Jia, Yuan
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NUCLEIC acid amplification techniques ,DEEP learning ,CLOUD computing ,MICROFLUIDICS ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MESSENGER RNA ,INTEGRATED learning systems - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Deep learning enabled predictive nucleic acid amplification tests analysis. • On-site fluorescence signal processing powered by cloud computing. • Accurate prediction can be obtained using the early 22.5% data. • Approach can be universally extended to other areas of biomedical research. Pandemics such as COVID-19 have exposed global inequalities in essential health care. Here, we proposed a novel analytics of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) by combining paper microfluidics with deep learning and cloud computing. Real-time amplifications of synthesized SARS-CoV-2 RNA templates were performed in paper devices. Information pertained to on-chip reactions in time-series format were transmitted to cloud server on which deep learning (DL) models were preloaded for data analysis. DL models enable prediction of NAAT results using partly gathered real-time fluorescence data. Using information provided by the G-channel, accurate prediction can be made as early as 9 min, a 78% reduction from the conventional 40 min mark. Reaction dynamics hidden in amplification curves were effectively leveraged. Positive and negative samples can be unbiasedly and automatically distinguished. Practical utility of the approach was validated by cross-platform study using clinical datasets. Predicted clinical accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 98.6%, 97.6% and 99.1%. Not only the approach reduced the need for the use of bulky apparatus, but also provided intelligent, distributable and robotic insights for NAAT analysis. It set a novel paradigm for analyzing NAATs, and can be combined with the most cutting-edge technologies in fields of biosensor, artificial intelligence and cloud computing to facilitate fundamental and clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Paper Mulberry Reveals Phosphorylation Functions in Chilling Tolerance
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Meiling Zhao, Shihua Shen, Xianjun Peng, and Zhi Pi
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Proteomics ,0301 basic medicine ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Conserved sequence ,03 medical and health sciences ,parasitic diseases ,Protein Interaction Maps ,Phosphorylation ,Plant Proteins ,Messenger RNA ,Kinase ,fungi ,Paper mulberry ,food and beverages ,Translation (biology) ,General Chemistry ,Phosphoproteins ,biology.organism_classification ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Cold Temperature ,Cellular component organization ,Gene Ontology ,030104 developmental biology ,Morus ,Signal transduction ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Paper mulberry is a valuable woody species with a good chilling tolerance. In this study, phosphoproteomic analysis, physiological measurement, and mRNA quantification were employed to explore the molecular mechanism of chilling (4 °C) tolerance in paper mulberry. After chilling for 6 h, 427 significantly changed phosphoproteins were detected in paper mulberry seedlings without obvious physiological injury. When obvious physiological injury occurred after chilling for 48 h, a total of 611 phosphoproteins were found to be significantly changed at the phosphorylation level. Several protein kinases, especially CKII, were possibly responsible for these changes according to conserved sequence analysis. The results of Gene Ontology analysis showed that phosphoproteins were mainly responsible for signal transduction, protein modification, and translation during chilling. Additionally, transport and cellular component organization were enriched after chilling for 6 and 48 h, respectively. On the basis of the protein-protein interaction network analysis, a protein kinase and phosphatases hub protein (P1959) were found to be involved in cross-talk between Ca
- Published
- 2017
5. Adaptation of a filter paper method for RNA template preparation for the detection of avocado sunblotch viroid by reverse transcription qPCR.
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Pretorius, Lara-Simone, Chandra, Kerri A., Jooste, Anna E.C., Motaung, Lebogang C., Parkinson, Louisamarie E., and Geering, Andrew D.W.
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MESSENGER RNA , *FILTER paper , *NUCLEIC acid isolation methods , *AVOCADO , *MONOVALENT cations - Abstract
• Simple method provided for extracting viroid RNA, using commonly available laboratory materials and reagents. • Equivalent yields of viroid RNA obtained using new method and a commercial, silica spin-column extraction method. • Method thoroughly validated using field samples in two independent laboratories. An easy, rapid and inexpensive method of preparing RNA template for a reverse transcription qPCR assay for avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) is described. This method depends on the principle of reversible binding of viroid RNA to filter paper under different concentrations of monovalent cation. Lysis buffers containing either sodium chloride or lithium chloride were compared, and 1.5 M lithium chloride was shown to be optimal for the adsorption of the viroid RNA to the filter paper. The extraction method was validated using field samples and equivalent yields of viroid RNA were obtained using this method and either a commercial RNA extraction kit or a dsRNA chromatography method. The filter paper method of RNA extraction is ideally suited for the large-scale surveillance for ASBVd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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6. Multi-Omics Analysis on Neurodevelopment in Preterm Neonates: A Protocol Paper.
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Casavant, Sharon G., Chen, Jie, Xu, Wanli, Lainwala, Shabnam, Matson, Adam, Chen, Ming-Hui, Starkweather, Angela, Maas, Kendra, and Cong, Xiaomei S.
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INTESTINAL physiology , *ANTIBIOTICS , *FECAL analysis , *EVALUATION of medical care , *HUMAN growth , *NEONATAL necrotizing enterocolitis , *STATISTICAL power analysis , *DATABASES , *INFANT development , *NEONATAL intensive care , *PAIN measurement , *DNA , *SEQUENCE analysis , *GUT microbiome , *PHENOMENOLOGICAL biology , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *HUMAN genome , *NEONATAL intensive care units , *GESTATIONAL age , *GENETIC variation , *NEURAL development , *PAIN threshold , *INFANT nutrition , *BIOINFORMATICS , *BIRTH weight , *CHILD psychopathology , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MESSENGER RNA , *FACTOR analysis , *INFANT psychology , *DATA analysis software , *ORAL mucosa , *LONGITUDINAL method , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background: The gut microbiome is an important determinant of health and disease in preterm infants. Objectives: The objective of this article was to share our current protocol for other neonatal intensive care units to potentially expand their existing protocols, aiming to characterize the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and health outcomes in preterm infants. Methods : This prospective, longitudinal study planned to recruit 160 preterm infants born <32 weeks gestational age or weighing <1,500 g and admitted to one of two Level III/IV neonatal intensive care units. During the neonatal intensive care unit period, the primary measures included events of early life pain/stress, gut microbiome, host genetic variations, and neurobehavioral assessment. During follow-up visits, gut microbiome; pain sensitivity; and medical, growth, and developmental outcomes at 4, 8-12, and 18-24 months corrected age were measured. Discussion : As of February 14, 2020, 214 preterm infants have been recruited. We hypothesize that infants who experience greater levels of pain/stress will have altered gut microbiome, including potential adverse outcomes such as necrotizing enterocolitis and host genetic variations, feeding intolerance, and/or neurodevelopmental impairments. These will differ from the intestinal microbiome of preterm infants who do not develop these adverse outcomes. To test this hypothesis, we will determine how alterations in the intestinal microbiome affect the risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis, feeding intolerance, and neurodevelopmental impairments in preterm infants. In addition, we will examine the interaction between the intestinal microbiome and host genetics in the regulation of intestinal health and neurodevelopmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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7. Visual and sensitive detection of viable pathogenic bacteria by sensing of RNA markers in gold nanoparticles based paper platform
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Fangfang Zhan, Fang Liu, Hongxing Liu, Da Xing, Xiaoming Zhou, and Minjun Zhu
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Paper ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Loop-mediated isothermal amplification ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Biosensing Techniques ,Computational biology ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Microbiology ,Listeria monocytogenes ,Electrochemistry ,medicine ,Humans ,Listeriosis ,Gene ,Messenger RNA ,Visual test ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,RNA ,Pathogenic bacteria ,Equipment Design ,General Medicine ,RNA, Bacterial ,Food Microbiology ,Gold ,RNA extraction ,Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Food-borne pathogens have been recognized as a major cause of human infections worldwide. Their identification needs to be simpler, cheaper and more reliable than the traditional methods. Here, we constructed a low-cost paper platform for viable pathogenic bacteria detection with the naked eye. In this study, an effective isothermal amplification method was used to amplify the hlyA mRNA gene, a specific RNA marker in Listeria monocytogenes. The amplification products were applied to the paper-based platform to perform a visual test using sandwich hybridization assays. When the RNA products migrated along the platform by capillary action, the gold nanoparticles accumulated at the designated area. Under optimized experimental conditions, as little as 0.5 pg/μL genomic RNA from L. monocytogenes could be detected. It could also be used to specifically detect 20 CFU/mL L. monocytogenes from actual samples. The whole assay process, including RNA extraction, amplification, and visualization, can be completed within several hours. This method is suitable for point-of-care applications to detect food-borne pathogens, as it can overcome the false-positive results caused by amplifying nonviable L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, the results can be imaged and transformed into a two-dimensional bar code through an Android-based smart phone for further analysis or in-field food safety tracking.
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- 2014
8. Utility of the dried blood on filter paper as a source of cytokine mRNA for the analysis of immunoreactions in Plasmodium yoelii infection
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Koki Taniguchi, Shigeo Nagashima, Kyoko Higo, Yoshimasa Maeno, Jun Sasaki, and Shusuke Nakazawa
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Paper ,Ratón ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mice ,Complementary DNA ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Messenger RNA ,Filter paper ,biology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,RNA ,Plasmodium yoelii ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Molecular biology ,Malaria ,Infectious Diseases ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Cytokine ,Insect Science ,Cytokines ,Parasitology - Abstract
We examined the utility of dried blood on filter paper for the source of cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA). Total RNA was isolated from the dried blood of mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii, and cDNA was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As a reference, we extracted total RNA from peripheral blood collected at the same time as the preparation for dried blood. There was no difference in cytokine mRNA expression between the two sources; the dried blood on filter paper and the peripheral blood. Th1 cells, Th2 cells, and monocytes/macrophages derived cytokine mRNAs in the dried blood from infected mice were detected, and the increase of some of the cytokines mRNAs after infection was also observed. These results suggested that the dried blood on filter paper is satisfactory RNA source for immunological examination in field-based studies.
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- 2003
9. Visual and sensitive detection of viable pathogenic bacteria by sensing of RNA markers in gold nanoparticles based paper platform.
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Liu, Hongxing, Zhan, Fangfang, Liu, Fang, Zhu, Minjun, Zhou, Xiaoming, and Xing, Da
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GOLD nanoparticles , *BIOMARKERS , *FOODBORNE diseases , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *MESSENGER RNA - Abstract
Food-borne pathogens have been recognized as a major cause of human infections worldwide. Their identification needs to be simpler, cheaper and more reliable than the traditional methods. Here, we constructed a low-cost paper platform for viable pathogenic bacteria detection with the naked eye. In this study, an effective isothermal amplification method was used to amplify the hlyA mRNA gene, a specific RNA marker in Listeria monocytogenes. The amplification products were applied to the paper-based platform to perform a visual test using sandwich hybridization assays. When the RNA products migrated along the platform by capillary action, the gold nanoparticles accumulated at the designated area. Under optimized experimental conditions, as little as 0.5pg/μL genomic RNA from L. monocytogenes could be detected. It could also be used to specifically detect 20CFU/mL L. monocytogenes from actual samples. The whole assay process, including RNA extraction, amplification, and visualization, can be completed within several hours. This method is suitable for point-of-care applications to detect food-borne pathogens, as it can overcome the false-positive results caused by amplifying nonviable L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, the results can be imaged and transformed into a two-dimensional bar code through an Android-based smart phone for further analysis or in-field food safety tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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10. Investigators from Kwangwoon University Target Biology (Paper-Based Preconcentration and Isolation of Microvesicles and Exosomes)
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Messenger RNA ,DNA ,Biochemistry ,Proteins ,MicroRNA ,Isolation ,Biological markers ,Finance ,RNA ,Editors ,Lipids ,Parenting ,Biological sciences ,Health - Abstract
2020 JUN 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Life Science Weekly -- Current study results on Biology have been published. According to news reporting from Seoul, [...]
- Published
- 2020
11. Blood on Filter Paper as a Readily Available Source of bcr-abl Rearranged mRNA
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M Suttorp, Nils von Neuhoff, Matthias Ritgen, Robert Schoch, and Norbert Schmitz
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Gene Rearrangement ,Paper ,Messenger RNA ,Blood Specimen Collection ,business.industry ,Immunology ,Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ,Infant, Newborn ,Cell Biology ,Hematology ,Infant newborn ,Biochemistry ,Neonatal Screening ,Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,business ,Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase ,Mass screening ,Filtration - Abstract
To the Editor: To provide samples for neonatal mass screening, a few drops of blood are routinely collected from the heel of the newborn infant and allowed to dry on a thick filter paper called the Guthrie card.[1][1] Guthrie cards represent a valuable and comprehensive genetic repository because
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- 1997
12. Filter paper collection of Plasmodium falciparum mRNA for detecting low-density gametocytes.
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Jones, Sophie, Sutherland, Colin J., Hermsen, Cornelus, Arens, Theo, Teelen, Karina, Hallett, Rachel, Corran, Patrick, van der Vegte-Bolmer, Marga, Sauerwein, Robert, Drakeley, Chris J., and Bousema, Teun
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PLASMODIUM falciparum , *MESSENGER RNA , *GERM cells , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *POLYMERIZATION - Abstract
Background: Accurate sampling of sub-microscopic gametocytes is necessary for epidemiological studies to identify the infectious reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum. Detection of gametocyte mRNA achieves sensitive detection, but requires careful handling of samples. Filter papers can be used for collecting RNA samples, but rigorous testing of their capacity to withstand adverse storage conditions has not been fully explored. Methods: Three gametocyte dilutions: 10/µL, 1.0/µL and 0.1/µL were spotted onto Whatman™ 903 Protein Saver Cards, FTA Classic Cards and 3MM filter papers that were stored under frozen, cold chain or tropical conditions for up to 13 weeks . RNA was extracted, then detected by quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (QT-NASBA) and reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Results: Successful gametocyte detection was more frequently observed from the Whatman 903 Protein Saver Card compared to the Whatman FTA Classic Card, by both techniques (p < 0.0001). When papers were stored at higher temperatures, a loss in sensitivity was experienced for the FTA Classic Card but not the 903 Protein Saver Card or Whatman 3MM filter paper. The sensitivity of gametocyte detection was decreased when papers were stored at high humidity. Conclusions: This study indicates the Whatman 903 Protein Saver Card is better for Pfs25 mRNA sampling compared to the Whatman FTA Classic Card, and that the Whatman 3MM filter paper may prove to be a satisfactory cheaper option for Pfs25 mRNA sampling. When appropriately dried, filter papers provide a useful approach to Pfs25 mRNA sampling, especially in settings where storage in RNA-protecting buffer is not possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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13. Stability of gametocyte-specific Pfs25-mRNA in dried blood spots on filter paper subjected to different storage conditions.
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Pritsch, Michael, Wieser, Andreas, Soederstroem, Victor, Poluda, David, Eshetu, Teferi, Hoelscher, Michael, Schubert, Soeren, hock, Jonathan, Loescher, Thomas, and Berens-Riha, Nicole
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GERM cells , *MESSENGER RNA , *PLASMODIUM falciparum , *MALARIA , *NUCLEOTIDE sequence - Abstract
Background: Real-time quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (QT-NASBA) is a sensitive method for detection of sub-microscopic gametocytaemia by measuring gametocyte-specific mRNA. Performing analysis on fresh whole blood samples is often not feasible in remote and resource-poor areas. Convenient methods for sample storage and transport are urgently needed. Methods: Real-time QT-NASBA was performed on whole blood spiked with a dilution series of purified in-vitro cultivated gametocytes. The blood was either freshly processed or spotted on filter papers. Gametocyte detection sensitivity for QT-NASBA was determined and controlled by microscopy. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples were subjected to five different storage conditions and the loss of sensitivity over time was investigated. A formula to approximate the loss of Pfs25-mRNA due to different storage conditions and time was developed. Results: Pfs25-mRNA was measured in time to positivity (TTP) and correlated well with the microscopic counts and the theoretical concentrations of the dilution series. TTP results constantly indicated higher amounts of RNA in filter paper samples extracted after 24 hours than in immediately extracted fresh blood. Among investigated storage conditions freezing at -20°C performed best with 98.7% of the Pfs25-mRNA still detectable at day 28 compared to fresh blood samples. After 92 days, the RNA detection rate was only slightly decreased to 92.9%. Samples stored at 37°C showed most decay with only 64.5% of Pfs25-mRNA detectable after one month. The calculated theoretical detection limit for 24 h-old DBS filter paper samples was 0.0095 (95% CI: 0.0025 to 0.0380) per µl. Conclusions: The results suggest that the application of DBS filter papers for quantification of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes with real-time QT-NASBA is practical and recommendable. This method proved sensitive enough for detection of sub-microscopic densities even after prolonged storage. Decay rates can be predicted for different storage conditions as well as durations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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14. Filter paper collection of Plasmodium falciparum mRNA for detecting low-density gametocytes
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Marga van der Vegte-Bolmer, Robert W. Sauerwein, Patrick H. Corran, Colin J. Sutherland, Sophie Jones, Rachel Hallett, Teun Bousema, Karina Teelen, Chris Drakeley, Theo Arens, and Cornelus C. Hermsen
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lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Serial dilution ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Elimination ,Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ,030231 tropical medicine ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Gametocyte ,Biology ,Quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (QT-NASBA) ,Filter paper ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Specimen Handling ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Low density ,Transmission ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,RNA, Messenger ,Malaria, Falciparum ,030304 developmental biology ,High humidity ,0303 health sciences ,Messenger RNA ,Methodology ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Sub-microscopic ,Detection ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Filter (video) ,Parasitology ,Ribonucleic acid (RNA) - Abstract
Background Accurate sampling of sub-microscopic gametocytes is necessary for epidemiological studies to identify the infectious reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum. Detection of gametocyte mRNA achieves sensitive detection, but requires careful handling of samples. Filter papers can be used for collecting RNA samples, but rigorous testing of their capacity to withstand adverse storage conditions has not been fully explored. Methods Three gametocyte dilutions: 10/μL, 1.0/μL and 0.1/μL were spotted onto Whatman™ 903 Protein Saver Cards, FTA Classic Cards and 3MM filter papers that were stored under frozen, cold chain or tropical conditions for up to 13 weeks . RNA was extracted, then detected by quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (QT-NASBA) and reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Results Successful gametocyte detection was more frequently observed from the Whatman 903 Protein Saver Card compared to the Whatman FTA Classic Card, by both techniques (p Conclusions This study indicates the Whatman 903 Protein Saver Card is better for Pfs25 mRNA sampling compared to the Whatman FTA Classic Card, and that the Whatman 3MM filter paper may prove to be a satisfactory cheaper option for Pfs25 mRNA sampling. When appropriately dried, filter papers provide a useful approach to Pfs25 mRNA sampling, especially in settings where storage in RNA-protecting buffer is not possible.
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- 2012
15. Call for Papers: MT/MTNA Special Issue on mRNA Therapy
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Robert M. Frederickson
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Pharmacology ,Messenger RNA ,Editorial ,business.industry ,Drug Discovery ,Genetics ,MEDLINE ,Molecular Medicine ,Medicine ,business ,Bioinformatics ,Molecular Biology - Published
- 2018
16. Androgenic effects of a Canadian bleached kraft pulp and paper effluent as assessed using threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
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Wartman, C.A., Hogan, N.S., Hewitt, L.M., McMaster, M.E., Landman, M.J., Taylor, S., Kovacs, T.G., and van den Heuvel, M.R.
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BLEACHED kraft pulp mill effluent , *THREESPINE stickleback , *ANDROGENS , *SULFATE pulping process , *CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP1A1 , *VITELLOGENINS , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *MESSENGER RNA , *GENE expression - Abstract
Abstract: The presence of unidentified estrogens and androgens in effluents from pulp and paper mills is well documented. However, their role in effluent effects on fish reproduction remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that reproductive impacts of a modern pulp mill effluent are mediated by androgens and/or estrogens in the effluent. Male and female threespine stickleback were exposed to biologically treated Canadian bleached kraft mill effluent under flow-through conditions in the laboratory at 0, 1, 10 and 100% (v/v) dilutions. After 7 and 21 d of exposure, steroidogenesis was assessed using in vitro incubations of gonadal tissue in both males and females. mRNA expression of the estrogen-regulated gene vitellogenin, and the androgen-responsive gene spiggin were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR in the livers of male and posterior kidneys of female stickleback, respectively. Hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was assessed in both sexes. Effluent extracts were examined for estrogenic and androgenic bioactivity using receptor binding bioassays, and were screened for pulp and paper related extractives and steroidal androgens using GC–MS. This effluent up-regulated spiggin mRNA in the kidney of female stickleback at 10% and 100% (v/v) effluent at 21 d, but not at 7 d of exposure. This change at the mRNA expression of the gene was associated with an increase in cell height in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells at 100% effluent after both 7 and 21 d. Liver vitellogenin mRNA in male stickleback was not induced at either 7 or 21 d. EROD was induced at 10 and 100% after 21 d of exposure in both sexes, but not after 7 d of exposure. Despite evidence of exposure to androgens, there was no reduction in steroidogenic capacity at any effluent dilution. Effluent extracts were capable of eliciting the displacement of androgens and estrogens from receptors, but androgenic potency was 4-fold greater. A screen of more than 30 androgenic androstane steroids showed no detections. Hence, the androgenic constituents in this particular effluent remain unknown. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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17. Role of hypoxia in the regulation of periovulatory EDN2 expression in the mouseThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the special issue (part 1 of 2) on Forefronts in Endothelin
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Giyoun Na, Yongbum Koo, Phillip J. Bridges, and CheMyong Ko
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Pharmacology ,Regulation of gene expression ,endocrine system ,Messenger RNA ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Ratón ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Medicine ,Mifepristone ,Hypoxia (medical) ,Biology ,Follicle ,Endocrinology ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Receptor ,Ovulation ,medicine.drug ,media_common - Abstract
We have previously proposed endothelin-2 (EDN2) as a granulosa cell-derived contractile signal that facilitates ovulation. Spatially, Edn2 mRNA expression is restricted to granulosa cells of periovulatory follicles. Temporally, mRNA for this contractile peptide is expressed immediately before follicle rupture. The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that hypoxia mediates EDN2 expression in granulosa cells at ovulation, and if it does, to determine the region within the promoter responsible for this effect. To determine the effect of hypoxia on mRNA expression, immature mice were treated with 5 IU of PMSG followed 48 h later by 5 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Granulosa cells were isolated at 9 h after hCG, cultured under normal or hypoxic conditions, and the expression level of mRNA was compared. mRNA expression was increased when granulosa cells were cultured in a hypoxic environment (p < 0.05). Subsequent promoter analysis found that the 5′ upstream region of the EDN2 promoter (between –1894 bp and –1407 bp) was responsible for hypoxia-mediated changes in EDN2 expression. This promoter region contains multiple sites for potential transcriptional regulation, including that by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1, ACGTG) at –1297 bp. The second objective of this study was to determine whether the progesterone receptor (PR) or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), two key regulators of periovulatory events, controlled EDN2 expression. To accomplish this, gonadotropin-primed mice were treated with RU-486 or indomethacin and expression of mRNA for Edn2 was determined in ovaries collected at 12 h after hCG. Treatment with RU-486 or indomethacin did not affect expression of mRNA for Edn2 (p > 0.05). Taken together, we believe that hypoxia, but not the PR or COX-2, regulate gonadotropin-induced EDN2 expression in the periovulatory follicle.
- Published
- 2008
18. Messages on the move: the role of the cytoskeleton in mRNA localization and translation in plant cellsThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology
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Douglas G. Muench and Nam-Il Park
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Messenger RNA ,RNA-binding protein ,Translation (biology) ,macromolecular substances ,Plant Science ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cell biology ,Microtubule ,Protein targeting ,medicine ,Cytoskeleton ,Function (biology) ,Actin - Abstract
The cytoskeleton plays an important role in numerous cellular processes, including subcellular mRNA localization and translation. Several examples of mRNA localization have emerged in plant cells, and these appear to function in protein targeting, the establishment of polarity, and cell-to-cell trafficking. The identification of several cytoskeleton-associated RNA-binding proteins in plant cells has made available candidate proteins that mediate the interaction between mRNA and the cytoskeleton, and possibly play a role in mRNA localization and translational control. We propose a model that links mRNA–microtubule interactions to translational autoregulation, a process that may assist in the efficient and regulated binding of proteins to microtubules.
- Published
- 2006
19. Utility of the dried blood on filter paper as a source of cytokine mRNA for the analysis of immunoreactions in Plasmodium yoelii infection
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Maeno, Yoshimasa, Nakazawa, Shusuke, Nagashima, Shigeo, Sasaki, Jun, Higo, Kyoko M., and Taniguchi, Koki
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PLASMODIUM , *MESSENGER RNA , *CYTOKINES , *BLOOD - Abstract
We examined the utility of dried blood on filter paper for the source of cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA). Total RNA was isolated from the dried blood of mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii, and cDNA was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As a reference, we extracted total RNA from peripheral blood collected at the same time as the preparation for dried blood. There was no difference in cytokine mRNA expression between the two sources; the dried blood on filter paper and the peripheral blood. Th1 cells, Th2 cells, and monocytes/macrophages derived cytokine mRNAs in the dried blood from infected mice were detected, and the increase of some of the cytokines mRNAs after infection was also observed. These results suggested that the dried blood on filter paper is satisfactory RNA source for immunological examination in field-based studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Yersinia enterocolitica YopQ: strain-dependent cytosolic accumulation and post-translational secretion The GenBank/EMBL accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AJ421529 [yopQ gene fragment from Y. enterocolitica WA-314 (O:8)] and AJ421530 [yopQ gene fragment from Y. enterocolitica Y-108-P (O:3)]
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Gottfried Wilharm, Christoph A. Jacobi, Janja Trček, and Jürgen Heesemann
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Messenger RNA ,Virulence ,Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ,Translation (biology) ,Secretion ,Biology ,Yersinia ,biology.organism_classification ,Yersinia enterocolitica ,Microbiology ,Gene ,Molecular biology - Abstract
YopQ in Yersinia enterocolitica (YopK in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis) is a type III secreted protein required for virulence of yersiniae. In this study YopQ expression, secretion and nucleotide sequences of the corresponding yopQ gene from different yersinia strains were analysed. The cytosolic accumulation differed significantly among serotypes of Y. enterocolitica. These differences might be attributable to variations in the nucleotide sequence and their consequences on mRNA secondary structure. An mRNA signal hypothesis has been proposed for YopQ, predicting the coupling of translation and secretion via an mRNA signal. This hypothesis claims a strictly co-translational secretion of YopQ without its intracellular accumulation. The presence of YopQ in the cytosol, even with a closed secretion apparatus, is demonstrated. Moreover, post-translational secretion of YopQ could be demonstrated. These findings do not support the mRNA signal hypothesis for co-translational secretion.
- Published
- 2002
21. Summary of talks and papers at ISCB-Asia/SCCG 2012.
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Tretyakov, Konstantin, Goldberg, Tatyana, Jin, Victor X., and Horton, Paul
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COMPUTATIONAL biology , *MESSENGER RNA , *GENOMES , *GENOMICS , *BIOINFORMATICS - Abstract
The second ISCB-Asia conference of the International Society for Computational Biology took place December 17-19, 2012, in Shenzhen, China. The conference was co-hosted by BGI as the first Shenzhen Conference on Computational Genomics (SCCG). 45 talks were presented at ISCB-Asia/SCCG 2012. The topics covered included software tools, reproducible computing, next-generation sequencing data analysis, transcription and mRNA regulation, protein structure and function, cancer genomics and personalized medicine. Nine of the proceedings track talks are included as full papers in this supplement. In this report we first give a short overview of the conference by listing some statistics and visualizing the talk abstracts as word clouds. Then we group the talks by topic and briefly summarize each one, providing references to related publications whenever possible. Finally, we close with a few comments on the success of this conference [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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22. Distinct Cytochrome P450 Aromatase Isoforms in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Brain and Ovary Are Differentially Programmed and Estrogen Regulated during Early Development**This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (IBN-96-05053) and the NIH (P42 ES-07381). The nucleotide sequences reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank/EMBL Data Bank with accession numbers AF226619 and AF226620
- Author
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Gloria V. Callard and Mitsuyo Kishida
- Subjects
Gene isoform ,Messenger RNA ,animal structures ,biology ,medicine.drug_class ,Danio ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Endocrinology ,Transcription (biology) ,Estrogen ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Northern blot ,Aromatase ,Zebrafish - Abstract
As a first step toward understanding estrogen’s role in neurodevelopment, a PCR cloning strategy was used to isolate complementary DNAs encoding two distinct cytochrome P450 aromatase isoforms in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain and ovary (termed P450aromB and P450aromA, respectively). Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that the zebrafish P450arom forms are orthologs of previously identified cyp19b and cyp19a genes in goldfish. On Northern blots, a single 4.4-kb transcript of the P450aromB subtype was identified in brain, and a 2.1-kb transcript of the P450aromA subtype in ovary, but RT-PCR showed a degree of overlapping expression. Both messenger RNA (mRNA) forms were detected in unfertilized eggs and 1.5 hpf (cleavage stage) embryos but declined by 12 hpf, indicating maternal transfer. A secondary rise in mRNAs between 12‐24 hpf indicated the onset of embryonic cyp19b and -a transcription. Both mRNA species accumulated progressively to 120 hpf (early larval stage), but the relative magnitude and pattern of change was isoform specific. Estradiol (E2, 1 mM) advanced and amplified the developmentally programmed accumulation of P450aromB mRNA, and ICI164.384 decreased expressed levels, implying blockade of an endogenous estrogen mediated regulatory component. Conversely, E2 had no effect or decreased P450aromA mRNA. The early embryonic expression of P450aromB and P450aromA isoforms, and differences in developmental programming and estrogen regulation, imply independent regulatory mechanisms and unique functions during major morphogenetic and differentiative events. (Endocrinology 142: 740 ‐750, 2001)
- Published
- 2001
23. Characterization of Three Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in Catfish: A Novel Third Receptor Is Predominantly Expressed in Pituitary and Urophysis*†*The nucleotide sequences reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank database with accession numbers cfCRF-R1, AF229359; cfCRF-R2, AF229360; and cfCRF-R3, AF229361.†This work was supported by NIDDK Grant 45020–04A1 from the NIH
- Author
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Iman Q. Assil, Abdul B. Abou-Samra, and Maya Arai
- Subjects
Messenger RNA ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pituitary gland ,Sauvagine ,Biology ,Molecular biology ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Hormone receptor ,Internal medicine ,Complementary DNA ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Receptor ,Catfish - Abstract
The present study reports the isolation of three complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding distinct subtypes of CRF receptors from the diploid catfish (cf) species, Ameiurus nebulosus. The first clone encodes a 446-amino acid protein (cfCRF-R1) that is highly homologous to mouse (m) CRF-R1 (93% identical). The cfCRF-R1 messenger RNA is highly expressed in the brain, and its distribution pattern correlates well with that of mammalian CRF-R1, except for weak expression in the pituitary. When transiently expressed in COS-7 cells, cfCRF-R1 bound CRF, urotensin I, and sauvagine with similar affinities. The second full-length cDNA, which was cloned from catfish heart, encodes a 406-amino acid protein that showed homology to murine CRF-R2 (88%) and when expressed in COS-7 cells preferentially bound sauvagine. The highest level of cfCRF-R2 expression was observed in the heart. The third full-length cDNA clone, which encodes a 428-amino acid protein, is structurally closer to cfCRF-R1 (85%) than to cfCRF-R2 (80%). This novel CRF receptor (cfCRF-R3) bound CRF with a 5-fold higher affinity than urotensin I and sauvagine and was expressed in the pituitary gland, urophysis, and brain. The presence of three different CRF receptors, each with distinct tissue distribution and ligand binding properties, suggests a complex CRF/urotensin I system. (Endocrinology 142: 446 ‐ 454, 2001)
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- 2001
24. cDNA cloning and expression of human lactosylceramide synthase1The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank Data Bank with accession number AF097159.1
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Michihiro Hattori, Minoru Takizawa, Tomoko Nomura, Keizo Inoue, Junken Aoki, Naonobu Yoshizuka, Hiroyuki Arai, Etsuji Wakisaka, and Noboru Matsuo
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Messenger RNA ,music.instrument ,Cell Biology ,Molecular biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lactosylceramide ,Enzyme ,Glycolipid ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Biosynthesis ,Galactose ,Northern blot ,music ,Molecular Biology ,Peptide sequence - Abstract
Lactosylceramide synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-Gal to glucosylceramide, and thus participates in the biosynthesis of most glycolipids in mammals. We have isolated and sequenced the cDNA clone encoding human lactosylceramide synthase. The deduced amino acid sequence of the human lactosylceramide synthase showed 94.2% identity with rat lactosylceramide synthase. Northern blotting analysis revealed that lactosylceramide synthase mRNA was expressed in various tissues, with the highest level in brain and adrenal gland.
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- 1999
25. Multiple elements in the distal part of the 1.2 kb 5′-flanking region of the rat GnRH receptor gene regulate gonadotrope-specific expression conferred by proximal domain1The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the EMBL, Genbank, and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession numbers Z99255 and Z99256.12Part of this work was presented at the 8th Meeting of European Neuroendocrine Association, Marseille, September 11–13, 1997.2
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Raymond Counis, S Chauvin, Z Forraı̈, Hanna Pincas, and Jean-Noël Laverrière
- Subjects
Messenger RNA ,Reporter gene ,Endocrinology ,Regulatory sequence ,Thymidine kinase ,5' flanking region ,Gene expression ,Promoter ,Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Gene ,Molecular biology - Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that the number of GnRH receptors (GnRH-R) and therefore, gonadotrope responsiveness to GnRH, is highly dependent upon the level of GnRH-R mRNA. To explore this aspect of regulation, we have isolated a 3.3 kb fragment encompassing the promoter region of the rat GnRH-R gene. Primer extension and RNase protection assays allowed the identification of five major transcriptional start sites located within the 110 bp region upstream of the translation start codon. Transfection experiments using the CAT reporter gene demonstrated that the 1261 bp 5′ flanking region is required to direct high efficient expression in the gonadotrope-derived α T3-1 cell line thus contrasting with mouse in which the only 500 bp proximal sequence appeared to be sufficient. Another difference between rat and mouse was apparent in the 183 bp region of the rat promoter which induced a 3-fold stimulation of thymidine kinase promoter activity in both α T3-1 and CHO cells. Subsequent deletion analysis of the region residing between −1261 and −519 revealed the presence of multiple regulatory domains that contributed to the cell-specific activity. However, despite this efficiency in the context of the wild-type promoter, they failed to induce the activity of the minimal thymidine kinase (TK) promoter in the absence of the proximal 600 bp promoter region. Accordingly, a composite TK promoter containing the entire 1.2 kb promoter induced a 10-fold increase in the activity of the TK promoter in α T3-1 cells. Taken together these data suggest that distal regulatory regions are critical and require cooperation with proximal specific-promoter elements for activating basal R-GnRH gene expression in gonadotrope cells.
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- 1998
26. Involvement of the Xenopus laevis Ro60 autoantigen in the alternative interaction of La and CNBP proteins with the 5′UTR of L4 ribosomal protein mRNA † 1 †In previous papers the numbering of Xenopus ribosomal proteins followed the system introduced in our first study (Pierandrei-Amaldi & Beccari, 1980). The large amount of sequencing data now accumulated in many species allows adoption of the rat system for a unified nomenclature (Wool et al., 1990). Thus, the Xenopus r-protein that we previously designated L1 is here identified as L4, L14 as L18 and S1 as S3 (Amaldi et al., 1995). 1Edited by M. Yaniv
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Livio Pellizzoni, Saskia A. Rutjes, Paola Pierandrei-Amaldi, and Francesco Lotti
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Untranslated region ,Messenger RNA ,Five prime untranslated region ,RNA recognition motif ,Structural Biology ,Ribosomal protein ,Translational regulation ,RNA ,Biology ,Nucleic acid structure ,Molecular Biology ,Molecular biology ,Cell biology - Abstract
In vertebrates the synthesis of ribosomal proteins is co-ordinately regulated at the translational level. The 5′-untranslated region (5′UTR) of this class of mRNAs contains conserved regions that are necessary and sufficient for translational regulation. Recently, we found that two proteins, the Xenopus laevis La autoantigen and the cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP), are able to bind in vitro a pyrimidine tract at the 5′ end and a downstream region, respectively. These regions are considered the common cis-acting elements of translational regulation. It was previously observed that the binding of both these putative trans-acting factors to their RNA sequences is assisted by a protease-sensitive factor(s) that dissociates from the complex after its formation. Here we provide evidence that the requirement for an ancillary factor assisting La binding to the pyrimidine tract of ribosomal protein mRNAs is typical of this RNA, and secondly that it may involve an RNA recognition motif of the La protein not clearly characterized previously. We also show that the Ro60 autoantigen is involved in the common factor activity necessary for the binding of La and CNBP proteins to their respective sequences. In addition, our findings suggest that an RNA also participates in this process. We show that CNBP can multimerise and that it binds to the 5′UTR as a dimer. Both La and CNBP compete for the interaction with the factor, and their binding to the 5′UTR is mutually exclusive. Our results from the binding analysis of mutations in the 5′UTR, which are known to disrupt the translational control in vivo, suggest a model in which the protein interactions and the 5′UTR RNA structure may co-operate in regulating the translational fate of ribosomal protein mRNAs.
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- 1998
27. The Crithidia fasciculata KAP1 gene encodes a highly basic protein associated with kinetoplast DNA1Note: Nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the GenBank™ data base under the accession number AF034951.1
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Jane C. Hines and Dan S. Ray
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Alanine ,Messenger RNA ,Crithidia fasciculata ,biology ,DNA polymerase ,biology.organism_classification ,Minicircle ,Molecular biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Kinetoplast ,parasitic diseases ,biology.protein ,Parasitology ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,DNA - Abstract
The Crithidia fasciculata KAP1 gene encodes a small basic protein (p21) associated with kinetoplast DNA. The p21 protein has a nine amino acid cleavable presequence closely related to those of several other proteins targeted to the kinetoplast and binds non-specifically to kinetoplast minicircle DNA. The p21 protein also has a calculated p I of 13 with two amino acids (lysine and alanine) accounting for more than 50% of the residues and with 25 out of 28 lysine residues contained in the C-terminal half of the protein. Immunolocalization of p21 shows that the protein is found exclusively in the kinetoplast with a localization distinctly different from the antipodal localization of kinetoplast DNA topoisomerase and DNA polymerase. The KAP1 gene is a single copy gene and the KAP1 mRNA is present at a constant level throughout the cell cycle. This highly basic protein may play a role in the condensation or segregation of the kinetoplast DNA.
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- 1998
28. Gene linkage and steady state RNAs suggest trans-splicing may be associated with a polycistronic transcript in Schistosoma mansoni1Note: Nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the EMBL, GenBank, and DDJB data bases under the accession numbers: U90319 and U91748.1
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Richard E. Davis and Scott Hodgson
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Genetics ,Messenger RNA ,Exon ,biology ,RNase P ,Enolase ,Trans-splicing ,Kinetoplastida ,Parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Primer extension - Abstract
Spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing generates the 5′ end of mature mRNAs through the addition of a small exon to pre-mRNAs in some flagellates (kinetoplastida and euglenoids) and metazoans (nematodes and flatworms). Although SL addition in the kinetoplastida and a subset of nematode genes serves to resolve multicistronic mRNAs into monocistronic, capped mRNAs, information regarding the functional significance of trans-splicing in flatworms is limited. We describe here the identification and characterization of a closely linked gene upstream from the trans-spliced enolase gene in the flatworm Schistosoma mansoni. This gene produces a non-trans-spliced mRNA encoding a ubiquinol binding protein, UbCRBP, that is a component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex. The distance between the UbCRBP polyadenylation site and the enolase trans-splice acceptor site is exceptionally short, only 54 nucleotides. Primer extension (5′ RACE), RT-PCR, and RNase mapping have identified steady state, cis-spliced RNAs which significantly overlap both the UbCRBP and enolase genes. These transcripts contain the 5′ ends of mature UbCRBP mRNAs, extend through UbCRBP, across the intergenic region, and a significant distance 3′ into the enolase gene. Interestingly, the close linkage between the UbCRBP and enolase genes is conserved in a second flatworm, Fasciola hepatica, which also trans-splices the downstream enolase gene. Taken together, the role of SL addition in resolving multicistronic transcripts in both C. elegans and the kinetoplastida, the conservation of UbCRBP/enolase gene linkage in two divergent trematodes, and the multicistronic organization of schistosome UbCRBP/enolase RNAs are consistent with the suggestion that these two genes are likely to be cotranscribed and that trans-splicing in flatworms may be associated with polycistronic transcripts.
- Published
- 1997
29. The carboxyl-terminal sequence of rat intestinal mucin RMuc3 contains a putative transmembrane region and two EGF-like motifs1The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank/EMBL Data Bank under the accession number U76551.1
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Ismat A Khatri, Janet F. Forstner, and Gordon G. Forstner
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Messenger RNA ,Mucin ,Nucleic acid sequence ,Biophysics ,Carboxyl terminus ,RNA ,Cell Biology ,(Rat) ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Intestine ,Amino acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Transmembrane domain ,chemistry ,Membrane domain ,Peptide sequence ,DNA ,EGF - Abstract
A 3′ RACE technique was used to establish the nucleotide sequence encoding the C-terminal 379 amino acids of rat intestinal Muc3. Unlike the C-terminus of Muc2 and many secretory mucins, Muc3 contains two EGF motifs and a putative transmembrane domain. The mRNA for rat Muc3 is 7.5–8.0 kb.
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- 1997
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30. Bradyzoite-specific gene expression in Toxoplasma gondii requires minimal genomic elements1Note: Nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the EMBL and GenBank™ databases with the accession number Z48750.1
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Wolfgang Bohne, U. Gross, and Anne Wirsing
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Regulation of gene expression ,Messenger RNA ,Reporter gene ,Toxoplasma gondii ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ,Regulatory sequence ,parasitic diseases ,Gene expression ,Parasitology ,Molecular Biology ,Gene - Abstract
BAG1 is a small heat-shock protein of Toxoplasma gondii that is specifically expressed in the cyst-forming bradyzoite stage of the parasite. Upregulation of BAG1 mRNA occurs early during the differentiation pathway from tachyzoites to bradyzoites. In order define genomic elements involved in bradyzoite-specific gene regulation, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)-reporter gene studies were performed with 5' flanking sequences of the BAG1 gene. Tachyzoites, transiently transfected with the BAG1/cat construct, exhibited very low CAT activity (200 fold less than in parasites transfected with a tubulin promoter/cat construct). After induction of bradyzoite differentiation by alkaline pH shift, however, CAT activity increased 50 fold, demonstrating bradyzoite-specific expression of the CAT reporter gene under control of 5' flanking sequences of BAG1. Stage-specific regulation of BAG1/CAT was independent of the 3'-flanking region, since constructs containing 3'-flanking sequences of the tachyzoite-specific SAG1 gene showed identical regulation to those containing the BAG1 3'-flanking region. The kinetics of BAG1/CAT induction in stably transfected parasites is similar to the kinetics of endogenous BAG1 expression: increased CAT activity was first detected on day 3 after alkaline pH shift (20 fold) and was dramatically upregulated 250 fold on day 4. A series of deletions in the BAG1 5'-flanking sequences demonstrated that a 324 nucleotide (nt) fragment, starting 60 nt upstream of the BAG1 transcription start, is sufficient to confer stage-specific regulation on the CAT reporter. These deletion analyses demonstrate that bradyzoite-specific expression of a heterologeous reporter gene requires only minimal genomic sequences.
- Published
- 1997
31. RESEARCH PAPER:Regulation of SR protein phosphorylation and alternative splicing by modulating kinetic interactions of SRPK1 with molecular chaperones.
- Author
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Xiang-Yang Zhong, Jian-Hua Ding, Adams, Joseph A., Gourisankar Ghosh, and Xiang-Dong Fu
- Subjects
- *
MESSENGER RNA , *PHOSPHORYLATION , *PROTEIN kinases , *PHOSPHOPROTEIN phosphatases , *MOLECULAR chaperones , *MICROBIAL genetics - Abstract
Phosphorylation is essential for the SR family of splicing factors/regulators to function in constitutive and regulated pre-mRNA splicing; yet both hypo- and hyperphosphorylation of SR proteins are known to inhibit splicing, indicating that SR protein phosphorylation must be tightly regulated in the cell. However, little is known how SR protein phosphorylation might be regulated during development or in response to specific signaling events. Here, we report that SRPK1, a ubiquitously expressed SR protein-specific kinase, directly binds to the cochaperones Hsp40/DNAjc8 and Aha1, which mediate dynamic interactions of the kinase with the major molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 in mammalian cells. Inhibition of the Hsp90 ATPase activity induces dissociation of SRPK1 from the chaperone complexes, which can also be triggered by a stress signal (osmotic shock), resulting in translocation of the kinase from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, differential phosphorylation of SR proteins, and alteration of splice site selection. These findings connect the SRPK to the molecular chaperone system that has been implicated in numerous signal transduction pathways and provide mechanistic insights into complex regulation of SR protein phosphorylation and alternative splicing in response to developmental cues and cellular signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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32. RESEARCH PAPER:Coherent but overlapping expression of microRNAs and their targets during vertebrate development.
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Shkumatava, Alena, Stark, Alexander, Sive, Hazel, and Bartel, David P.
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- *
MESSENGER RNA , *GENE expression , *RNA synthesis , *FLOW cytometry , *VERTEBRATES , *CENTRAL nervous system - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional repression of protein-coding genes. In vertebrates, each highly conserved miRNA typically regulates hundreds of target mRNAs. However, the precise relationship between expression of the miRNAs and that of their targets has remained unclear, in part because of the scarcity of quantitative expression data at cellular resolution. Here we report quantitative analyses of mRNA levels in miRNA-expressing cells of the zebrafish embryo, capturing entire miRNA expression domains, purified to cellular resolution using fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). Focus was on regulation by miR-206 and miR-133 in the developing somites and miR-124 in the developing central nervous system. Comparison of wild-type embryos and those lacking miRNAs revealed predicted targets that responded to the miRNAs and distinguished miRNA-mediated mRNA destabilization from other regulatory effects. For all three miRNAs examined, expression of the miRNAs and that of their predicted targets usually overlapped. A few targets were expressed at higher levels in miRNA-expressing cells than in the rest of the embryo, demonstrating that miRNA-mediated repression can act in opposition to other regulatory processes. However, for most targets expression was lower in miRNA-expressing cells than in the rest of the embryo, indicating that miRNAs usually operate in concert with the other regulatory machinery of the cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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33. research paper Ex vivo analysis of aberrant splicing induced by two donor site mutations in PKLR of a patient with severe pyruvate kinase deficiency.
- Author
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van Wijk, Richard, van Wesel, Annet C. W., Thomas, Adri A. M., Rijksen, Gert, and van Solinge, Wouter W.
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PYRUVATE kinase , *NUCLEOTIDES , *GENETIC mutation , *ANEMIA , *INTRONS , *EXONS (Genetics) , *MESSENGER RNA - Abstract
Two single-nucleotide substitutions in PKLR constituted the molecular basis underlying pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency in a patient with severe haemolytic anaemia. One novel mutation, IVS5+1G>A, abolished the intron 5 donor splice site. The other mutation, c.1436G>A, altered the intron 10 donor splice site consensus sequence and, moreover, encoded an R479H substitution. We studied the effects on PKLR pre-mRNA processing, using ex vivo-produced nucleated erythroid cells from the patient. Abolition of the intron 5 splice site initiated two events in the majority of transcripts: skipping of exon 5 or, surprisingly, simultaneous skipping of exon 5 and 6 (Δ5,6). Subcellular localization of transcripts suggested that no functional protein was produced by the IVS5+1A allele. The unusual Δ5,6 transcript suggests that efficient inclusion of exon 6 in wild-type PKLR mRNA depends on the presence of splice-enhancing elements in exon 5. The c.1436G>A mutation caused skipping of exon 10 but was mainly associated with a severe reduction in transcripts although these were, in general, normally processed. Accordingly, low amounts of PK were detected in nucleated erythroid cells of the patient, thus correlating with the patient's PK-deficient phenotype. Finally, several low-abundant transcripts were detected that represent the first examples of ‘leaky-splicing’ in PKLR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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34. The Bicoid Morphogen Papers (I): Account from CNV.
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Nüssiein-Volhard, Christiane N.
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- *
GENETIC engineering , *MESSENGER RNA , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *CLONING , *MORPHOGENESIS - Abstract
This article reports that the information gained from cloning the bicoid gene was spectacular and the localized mRNA made bicoid a bona fide localized determinant, it was clear that the long-range patterning effects could only be understood once distribution and function of the bicoid protein were revealed. The technology to make antibodies against gene products that are too scarce in their native biological system had just become available through bacterial overexpression vectors. However, to demonstrate the reach of a gradient required the generation of an antibody and use of immunohistology techniques that would provide virtually background-free results, as background would make it difficult to determine where the gradient ends.
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- 2004
35. GABAA receptors and benzodiazepines: a role for dendritic resident subunit mRNAs1<fn id="fn1"><no>1</no>This paper is part of a previously published Special Issue (Volume 43/4) that accompanies the 12th Neuropharmacology Conference 2002 entitled ‘GABAA receptors in cellular and network excitability’.</fn>
- Author
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Costa, E., Auta, J., Grayson, D.R., Matsumoto, K., Pappas, G.D., Zhang, X., and Guidotti, A.
- Subjects
- *
GABA receptors , *BENZODIAZEPINES , *MESSENGER RNA - Abstract
This review is designed to describe the evolution of the seminal observation made simultaneously in 1975 by Dr. W. Haefely’s laboratory (Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and in the Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology (NIH, St. Elizabeths Hospital, Washington DC), that benzodiazepine action was mediated by a modulation of GABA action at GABAA receptors. In fact, our suggestion was that the benzodiazepine receptor was “a receptor on a receptor” and that this receptor was GABAA. Needless to say, this suggestion created opposition, but we did not abandon the original idea, in fact, as shown in this review, there is now universal agreement with our hypothesis on the mode of action of benzodiazepines. Hence, this review deals with the allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors by benzodiazepines, the role of GABAA receptors and benzodiazepine structure diversities in this modulation, and describes the results of our attempts to establish a benzodiazepine (imidazenil) devoid of tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and changes in the expression of GABAA receptor subunits during tolerance. It also deals with the idea that the synthesis of GABAA receptor subunits triggered by tolerance resides in dendrites and spines where mRNAs and the apparatus for this translation is located. New analytic procedures may foster progress in the understanding of tolerance to and withdrawal from benzodiazepines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
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36. Cloning and expression of a novel human galectin cDNA, predominantly expressed in placenta1<FN ID="FN1"><NO>1</NO>The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the GenBank dababase under accession number AF267852.</FN>
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Yang, Quan-Sheng, Ying, Kang, Yuan, Hong-Ling, Chen, Jin-Zhong, Meng, Xian-Fang, Wang, Zhao, Xie, Yi, and Mao, Yu-Min
- Subjects
- *
FETAL brain , *PLACENTA , *DNA , *MESSENGER RNA - Abstract
A novel human galectin cDNA (PPL13) was isolated by screening a human 18-week fetal brain library. The mRNA was predominantly expressed in placenta, while the expression of it was not or barely detectable in heart, brain, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas by Northern blot. COS-7 cells transfected with cDNA encoding human PPL13 sequestered the protein in nuclei although it lacked any known nuclear localization signal. STS of Unigene Hs. 24236 placed the cDNA to human chromosome 19q13.2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2002
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37. Biochemical Manipulations of Minute Quantities of mRNAs and cDNAs Immobilized on Cellulose Paper Discs
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Georges Lévesque, Adi D. Bharucha, and M.R. Ven Murthy
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Messenger RNA ,Biochemistry ,Chemistry ,Oligonucleotide ,Transcription (biology) ,Complementary DNA ,Nucleic acid ,RNA ,Gene ,Reverse transcriptase - Abstract
Publisher Summary Immobilization of the critical reactants on insoluble matrices is the means through which secondary products may be removed from a given reaction. This may enhance the rates and yields of the reaction. The oligonucleotide linked to cellulose powder is extensively used for the separation and purification of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from other nucleic acids and proteins. Poly (U) covalently bound to diazothiophenyl paper is also used for the isolation of mRNA from total cytoplasmic RNA. In principle, complementary DNA (cDNA) is prepared directly from small amounts of mRNA trapped on oligo cellulose paper disks, using the oligo of the paper as primer for reverse transcription. The newly formed cDNA is then employed in further reactions. This procedure permits manipulation of small amounts of mRNA and cDNA; reduces the processing time of serial reactions considerably because the bound nucleic acid may be purified by rinsing in an appropriate buffer rather than by precipitation and centrifugation; and reduces losses of nucleic acid products that might otherwise occur during each of the recovery steps. The mRNA profiles of a cell may undergo significant changes in response to a variety of genetic, physiological, pathological, chemical, or environmental signals. This may involve the transcription of a large number of genes or may result in the induction or suppression of a limited number of unique genes. The method of hybridization subtraction is often used to enrich the transcripts of the affected genes for eventual cloning and characterization.
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- 1995
38. [19] Biochemical manipulations of minute quantities of mRNAs and cDNAs immobilized on cellulose paper discs
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M.R. Ven Murthy, Georges Lévesque, and Adi D. Bharucha
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Messenger RNA ,education.field_of_study ,RNase P ,Population ,RNA ,Biology ,Molecular biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Complementary DNA ,Nucleic acid ,Protein biosynthesis ,education ,DNA - Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the biochemical manipulations of minute quantities of messenger RNA (mRNAs) and complementary DNA (cDNA) immobilized on cellulose paper discs. In principle, cDNA is prepared directly from small amounts of mRNA trapped on oligo (dT) cellulose paper disks, using the oligo (dT) of the paper as primer for reverse transcription. The newly formed cDNA, covalently linked to the disk, is then employed in further reactions. This procedure: (1) permits manipulations of very small amounts of mRNA and cDNA, (2) reduces the processing time of serial reactions considerably, because the bound nucleic acid may be purified by rinsing in an appropriate buffer rather than by precipitation and centrifugation, and (3) reduces losses of nucleic acid products that might otherwise occur during each of the recovery steps. A target mRNA of interest in a given population of mRNA can be detected or even quantitated by the dot-blot procedure, using an appropriate probe. But the extreme susceptibility of mRNA to degradation by chance contamination with RNase is a practical drawback in the storage and manipulations of RNA samples. However, once reverse transcribed and immobilized on cellulose disk, the cDNA act as stable and durable records of their corresponding mRNAs and can be repeatedly screened by the same or different probes, as needed.
- Published
- 1992
39. Early Treatment and IL1RN Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms Affect Response to Anakinra in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
- Author
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Pardeo, Manuela, Rossi, Marianna Nicoletta, Pires Marafon, Denise, Sacco, Emanuela, Bracaglia, Claudia, Passarelli, Chiara, Caiello, Ivan, Marucci, Giulia, Insalaco, Antonella, Perrone, Chiara, Tulone, Anna, Prencipe, Giusi, and De Benedetti, Fabrizio
- Subjects
STATISTICS ,SEQUENCE analysis ,PAPER chromatography ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,JUVENILE idiopathic arthritis ,ANTIRHEUMATIC agents ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,GENE expression ,GENOTYPES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,HAPLOTYPES ,MESSENGER RNA ,DISEASE duration ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,EARLY medical intervention - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of early treatment and IL1RN genetic variants on the response to anakinra in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: Response to anakinra was defined as achievement of clinically inactive disease (CID) at 6 months without glucocorticoid treatment. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of 56 patients were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses as predictors of response to treatment. Six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL1RN gene, previously demonstrated to be associated with a poor response to anakinra, were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Sanger sequencing. Haplotype mapping was performed with Haploview software. IL1RN messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in whole blood from patients, prior to anakinra treatment initiation, was assessed by qPCR. Results: After 6 months of anakinra treatment, 73.2% of patients met the criteria for CID without receiving glucocorticoids. In the univariate analysis, the variable most strongly related to the response was disease duration from onset to initiation of anakinra treatment, with an optimal cutoff at 3 months (area under the curve 84.1%). Patients who started anakinra treatment ≥3 months after disease onset had an 8‐fold higher risk of nonresponse at 6 months of treatment. We confirmed that the 6 IL1RN SNPs were inherited as a common haplotype. We found that homozygosity for ≥1 high‐expression SNP correlated with higher IL1RN mRNA levels and was associated with a 6‐fold higher risk of nonresponse, independent of disease duration. Conclusion: Our findings on patients with systemic JIA confirm the important role of early interleukin‐1 inhibition and suggest that genetic IL1RN variants predict nonresponse to therapy with anakinra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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40. Title of presented paper: The altered expression of GDF11 -- TGF-β family member - during intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
- Author
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Machelak, Weronika, Januszkiewicz, Emilia, and Mierzejewski, Mikołaj
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GENE expression ,INFLAMMATION ,COLITIS ,SODIUM sulfate ,MESSENGER RNA - Abstract
Introduction and aim. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a novel member of TGF-β superfamily. Its role is confirmed in embryogenesis, rejuvenation, and aging. GDF11 is involved in inflammatory response as it inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, GDF11 has clinicopathological signifi- cance in colorectal cancer and is proposed as a possible prognostic factor. The aim of our study is to assess the activity of GDF11 during development of colitis and colorectal cancer in mice. Material and methods. Male C57BL/6 mice were used in our experiments. Colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) addition into drinking water. Single injection of azoxymethane (AOM) and repeated cycles of DSS were used to induce colitis-associated colorectal cancer. At different time points mice were sacrificed. Human and mouse colorectal cancer cell lines were used in our project to verify GDF11 expression. MC-38 cells were stimulated with the cytokines for 24 hours. We isolated RNA and protein to perform real-time RT-PCR and Western Blot. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Software. Results. We found that GDF11 expression at mRNA level is increased in the mouse colon during aging. GDF11 expression is elevated during the experimental colitis and during the period of recovery. GDF11 expression is changed at initial stage of colorectal cancer in mice. Its expression also differs among different human cell lines. LPS induced an increase of GDF11 expression. Conclusion. We confirmed that GDF11 is crucial at all stages of development of experimental colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
41. Background Paper Transcription and Replication of Coronavirus RNA: A 1989 Update
- Author
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Michael M. C. Lai
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Messenger RNA ,biology ,viruses ,RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Virus ,Transcription (biology) ,RNA splicing ,medicine ,Avian infectious bronchitis virus ,Subgenomic mRNA ,Coronavirus - Abstract
The genomic RNA of coronaviruses has two unique features. Firstly, it is one of the largest stable RNAs known to exist in nature and is unquestionably the largest viral genomic RNA. The complete sequence of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) RNA shows that its size is 27.6 kilobases (kb) (Boursnell et al., 1987). Although the complete sequences of other Coronavirus genomic RNAs are not yet available, preliminary data from several laboratories indicate that the genomic RNA of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is as long as 32 kb (Shieh and Lai, unpublished observations). The large size of these RNAs poses a theoretical quandary for the replication of Coronavirus RNA, considering the high error frequency of RNA-dependent RNA synthesis observed in some systems (Holland et al., 1982; Steinhauer and Holland, 1986). How does Coronavirus RNA replicate faithfully despite the high error frequency of RNA synthesis? It is possible that a proof-reading mechanism operates to correct unavoidable mistakes which are expect d to occur in almost every RNA molecule of this size. Secondly, Coronavirus RNA contains a leader sequence (approximately 72 nucleotides) which is repeated at the 5′-end of every subgenomic mRNA species. This structural organization appears to be similar to that of most of eukaryotic mRNAs which contain leader sequences derived by RNA splicing. Yet the Coronavirus RNA genome does not have consensus splicing signals and the virus replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm (Wilhelmson et al., 1981; Brayton et al., 1981), where there is no conventional RNA splicing machinery. Furthermore, UV transcriptional mapping studies suggest that Coronavirus mRNA species are transcribed independently (Jacobs et al., 1981), instead of being derived by cleavage of a precursor RNA. Thus, a new transcriptional mechanism must operate to transcribe Coronavirus mRNAs.
- Published
- 1990
42. Short Paper Expressed sequence tag of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus skin cells.
- Author
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Hirono, Ikuo, Yazawa, Ryosuke, and Aoki, Yakashi
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FLATFISHES , *PARALICHTHYS , *CELLS , *MESSENGER RNA , *BACTERIOPHAGES , *CLONING - Abstract
Describes an expressed sequence tag analysis of skin cells of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Isolation of messenger RNA of skin; Conversion of phage clones into plasmids; Average sequence length.
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- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Identification of procollagen mRNAs transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper from formaldehyde agarose gels
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Helga Boedtker, Radomir B. Crkvenjakov, and Norman Rave
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Messenger RNA ,Chromatography, Paper ,RNA ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Chick Embryo ,Biology ,Molecular biology ,Bone and Bones ,Sepharose ,Procollagen peptidase ,Nucleic acid thermodynamics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Complementary DNA ,Genetics ,Agarose ,Animals ,Nucleotide ,RNA, Messenger ,Poly A ,Procollagen - Abstract
Poly A containing RNA isolated from embryonic chick calvaria was transferred from 6% formaldehyde 0.75% agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper and the paper then hybridized to either nick translated pro alpha 1 collagen cDNA clones, pCg1 or pCg54, or to the nick translated pro alpha 2 collagen cDNA clone, pCg45. From the mobilities of the bands hybridizing most strongly to each, pro alpha 2 collagen mRNA was shown to be slightly larger than pro alpha 1 mRNA; they are 5100 and 4900 nucleotides long respectively. pCg54 also hybridized weakly to two bands of lower mobility, corresponding to RNAs 6.4 and 5.6 kb long. Neither pCg54 nor pCg45 hybridized to type II procollagen mRNA in poly A containing RNA isolated from embryonic chick sterna.
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- 1979
44. BDNF Modulation by microRNAs: An Update on the Experimental Evidence.
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De Assis, Gilmara Gomes and Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia
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BRAIN-derived neurotrophic factor ,MICRORNA ,MESSENGER RNA ,RNA synthesis ,LITERATURE reviews ,GENETIC translation ,GENETIC vectors - Abstract
MicroRNAs can interfere with protein function by suppressing their messenger RNA translation or the synthesis of its related factors. The function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential to the proper formation and function of the nervous system and is seen to be regulated by many microRNAs. However, understanding how microRNAs influence BDNF actions within cells requires a wider comprehension of their integrative regulatory mechanisms. Aim: In this literature review, we have synthesized the evidence of microRNA regulation on BDNF in cells and tissues, and provided an analytical discussion about direct and indirect mechanisms that appeared to be involved in BDNF regulation by microRNAs. Methods: Searches were conducted on PubMed.gov using the terms "BDNF" AND "MicroRNA" and "brain-derived neurotrophic factor" AND "MicroRNA", updated on 1 September 2023. Papers without open access were requested from the authors. One hundred and seventy-one papers were included for review and discussion. Results and Discussion: The local regulation of BDNF by microRNAs involves a complex interaction between a series of microRNAs with target proteins that can either inhibit or enhance BDNF expression, at the core of cell metabolism. Therefore, understanding this homeostatic balance provides resources for the future development of vector-delivery-based therapies for the neuroprotective effects of BDNF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Isolation of poly(A)+ RNA by paper affinity chromatography
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Dieter Werner, Yael Chemla, and Max Herzberg
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Cytoplasm ,Chemical Phenomena ,Chromatography, Paper ,Biophysics ,Biology ,In Vitro Techniques ,Biochemistry ,Chromatography, Affinity ,Mice ,Column chromatography ,Affinity chromatography ,Protein biosynthesis ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,RNA, Neoplasm ,Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor ,Cellulose ,Molecular Biology ,Messenger RNA ,Chromatography ,RNA ,Cell Biology ,Ligand (biochemistry) ,In vitro ,Chemistry ,Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Nucleic acid ,Poly A - Abstract
Poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from in vitro short-term-labeled total cytoplasmic RNA of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by oligo(dT) cellulose chromatography. This poly(A)+ RNA fraction was compared with a poly(A)+ RNA fraction isolated by a new procedure which involves specific binding of poly(A)+ RNA to messenger affinity paper (mAP) and its release in hot (70 degrees C) water. In typical experiments 10-11 micrograms (2.3%) of poly(A)+ RNA can be retained from 500 micrograms of total cytoplasmic RNA per cm2 of mAP in a quick one-step procedure. The poly(A)+ RNA preparations isolated by the two methods proved to be almost identical with respect to their fraction in total cytoplasmic RNA, specific radioactivities, sucrose gradient profiles, and translation assays. Since the isolation of poly(A)+ RNA by mAP is much less time consuming than that by oligo(dT) column chromatography and since the poly(A)+ RNA can be recovered from mAP in small volumes, which avoids further loss during precipitations, it can be advantageously used for preparative isolation of poly(A)+ RNA.
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- 1984
46. In vivo murine hepatic microRNA and mRNA expression signatures predicting the (non-)genotoxic carcinogenic potential of chemicals.
- Author
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Melis, Joost, Derks, Kasper, Pronk, Tessa, Wackers, Paul, Schaap, Mirjam, Zwart, Edwin, IJcken, Wilfred, Jonker, Martijs, Breit, Timo, Pothof, Joris, Steeg, Harry, and Luijten, Mirjam
- Subjects
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PAPER chemicals , *MESSENGER RNA , *HAZARDOUS substances , *CARCINOGENS , *TOXICOGENOMICS - Abstract
There is a high need to improve the assessment of, especially non-genotoxic, carcinogenic features of chemicals. We therefore explored a toxicogenomics-based approach using genome-wide microRNA and mRNA expression profiles upon short-term exposure in mice. For this, wild-type mice were exposed for seven days to three different classes of chemicals, i.e., four genotoxic carcinogens (GTXC), seven non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTXC), and five toxic non-carcinogens. Hepatic expression patterns of mRNA and microRNA transcripts were determined after exposure and used to assess the discriminative power of the in vivo transcriptome for GTXC and NGTXC. A final classifier set, discriminative for GTXC and NGTXC, was generated from the transcriptomic data using a tiered approach. This appeared to be a valid approach, since the predictive power of the final classifier set in three different classifier algorithms was very high for the original training set of chemicals. Subsequent validation in an additional set of chemicals revealed that the predictive power for GTXC remained high, in contrast to NGTXC, which appeared to be more troublesome. Our study demonstrated that the in vivo microRNA-ome has less discriminative power to correctly identify (non-)genotoxic carcinogen classes. The results generally indicate that single mRNA transcripts do have the potential to be applied in risk assessment, but that additional (genomic) strategies are necessary to correctly predict the non-genotoxic carcinogenic potential of a chemical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Oligoribonuclease Is an Essential Component of the mRNA Decay Pathway
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Ghosh, Sandip and Deutscher, Murray P.
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- 1999
48. Polypeptide Signaling for Plant Defensive Genes Exhibits Analogies to Defense Signaling in Animals
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Bergey, Daniel R., Howe, Gregg A., and Ryan, Clarence A.
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- 1996
49. Cells Expressing the DG42 Gene from Early Xenopus embryos Synthesize Hyaluronan
- Author
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Meyer, Michael F. and Kreil, Günther
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- 1996
50. METTL3 Inhibitors for Epitranscriptomic Modulation of Cellular Processes
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A. Dolbois, Elena Bochenkova, Amedeo Caflisch, Elena V. Moroz-Omori, Maciej D. Rzeczkowski, L. Wiedmer, Paweł Śledź, Sherry J. Cheriyamkunnel, R.K. Bedi, Danzhi Huang, University of Zurich, Moroz-Omori, Elena V, and Caflisch, Amedeo
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Cell cycle checkpoint ,1303 Biochemistry ,Methyltransferase ,RNA methyltransferase inhibitor ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Drug Discovery ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,RNA, Small Interfering ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Full Paper ,Molecular Structure ,3002 Drug Discovery ,leukemia ,Assay ,Methylation ,Full Papers ,3. Good health ,3004 Pharmacology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Molecular Medicine ,Growth inhibition ,610 Medicine & health ,3000 General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epitranscriptomics ,10019 Department of Biochemistry ,Humans ,Viability assay ,030304 developmental biology ,Pharmacology ,Messenger RNA ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Organic Chemistry ,RNA ,m6A ,Methyltransferases ,Molecular biology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Apoptosis ,Cell culture ,1313 Molecular Medicine ,METTL3 ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,epitranscriptomics ,Caco-2 Cells ,1605 Organic Chemistry - Abstract
The methylase METTL3 is the writer enzyme of the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA. Using a structure‐based drug discovery approach, we identified a METTL3 inhibitor with potency in a biochemical assay of 280 nM, while its enantiomer is 100 times less active. We observed a dose‐dependent reduction in the m6A methylation level of mRNA in several cell lines treated with the inhibitor already after 16 h of treatment, which lasted for at least 6 days. Importantly, the prolonged incubation (up to 6 days) with the METTL3 inhibitor did not alter levels of other RNA modifications (i. e., m1A, m6Am, m7G), suggesting selectivity of the developed compound towards other RNA methyltransferases., Writer's block: We developed and characterized a small‐molecule inhibitor of m6A writer METTL3 by protein crystallography, biochemical and cellular assays. It shows high‐nanomolar potency in the biochemical assay, good selectivity against a panel of protein methyltransferases and kinases, and it reduced m6A/A ratio in mRNAs of different cell lines. In addition, we confirmed the selectivity of our compound towards other RNA methyltransferases in living cells.
- Published
- 2021
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