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2. Disability and Inclusive Education: Stocktake of Education Sector Plans and GPE-Funded Grants. Working Paper #3
- Author
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Global Partnership for Education (GPE)
- Abstract
This report was commissioned by the Global Partnership for Education's Secretariat to take stock of how disability and inclusive education are in included in education sector plans (ESPs) in 51 countries, including GPE-funded programs, such as education sector program implementation grants (ESPIGs), program documents (PADs), implementation progress reports (IPRs) Education Sector Analysis (ESA), if applicable, and other relevant GPE program documents. Moreover, a plethora of key international reports and monitoring reports was reviewed. This report documents progress and highlights the need to step up support to GPE partner countries on disability and inclusive education, to improve consideration of issues around disability and inclusion in education sector analysis and sector planning processes to better promote the achievement of GPE 2020 strategic goal 2, and to fulfill the transformative vision of Agenda 2030. This means ensuring that girls and boys with disabilities are not only able to access their right to a quality education in a nurturing environment, but also, through education, become empowered to participate fully in society, and enjoy full realization of their rights and capabilities. [This report was written with Louise Banham and Eleni Papakosta.]
- Published
- 2018
3. Trends in Private Sector Development in World Bank Education Projects. Policy Research Working Paper Series.
- Author
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World Bank, Washington, DC. Human Development Network. and Sosale, Shobhana
- Abstract
The private sector is playing an increasingly important role in financing and providing educational services in many countries. (Often the term "private sector" encompasses households' out-of-pocket expenses rather than describing for-profit or not-for-profit sectors.) Private sector development has not arisen primarily through public policy design but has been affected by the design and limitations of public policy. Analyses of case studies of 11 of 70 World Bank education projects in 1995-97 reveal that the World Bank's interest in private sector development is in capacity-oriented privatization to absorb excess demand for education. This is crucial to the bank's general strategy for education lending: promoting access with equity, focusing on efficiency in resource allocation, promoting quality, and supporting capacity building. Absorbing excess demand tends to involve poorer families, usually much poorer than those that take advantage of other forms of privatized education. The bank emphasizes capacity-oriented privatization, especially of teacher training for primary and secondary schools, as well as institutional capacity building for tertiary and vocational education. The underlying principle is that strengthening the private sector's role in noncompulsory education over time will release public resources for the compulsory (primary) level. (Case studies of World Bank projects in the following countries are appended: Dominican Republic, Maldives, Chile, Mauritania, Argentina, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Mali, Indonesia, El Salvador, and Comoros. Contains 74 references.) (KC)
- Published
- 2000
4. Paper Instruments in Early African Economies and the Debated Role of the Suftaja.
- Author
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Lydon, Ghislaine
- Abstract
Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. الصحافة الورقية في موريتانيا.
- Author
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محمد الأمين سعيد
- Subjects
- *
CULTURAL pluralism , *PUBLIC opinion , *PRESS , *NONFICTION novel - Abstract
The Mauritanian written press has gone through several stages during its historical journey and has not been isolated from the political situation of the country, but has been subject to its perception of what His Majesty should be, since its appearance during the French colonization of the country, and after the creation of the national state in the sixties of the last century, passing through the period of the military regime before the declaration of political and media pluralism in the country in 1991 and the consequent dilution of the journalistic field, where the door was opened wide to excessive leniency in obtaining a press license, as well as some major obstacles, such as lack of funding, training and harassment of journalists. However, this did not prevent this press from playing at that time the role of watchdog over the executive power by awakening public opinion on the conduct of public affairs and by revealing many hidden social and political problems that the public opinion would not have been aware without the pioneering role of this written press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
6. Mauritania; Joint Staff Advisory Note of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
- Author
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null International Monetary Fund
- Subjects
History ,Education ,Fiscal consolidation ,Agricultural sector ,Economic growth ,Private sector ,Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers ,Mauritania ,Millennium Development Goals ,Fiscal policy ,Governance ,Health care ,poverty reduction strategy, reduction strategy, poverty reduction strategy paper, social services, reducing poverty ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Mauritania’s third poverty reduction strategy paper provides a framework for an ambitious growth and poverty reduction agenda. The updated development perspective and principal objectives reflect the new economic and political realities to sustainably reduce poverty. Successful program implementation hinges on the government’s ownership and commitment. It will only succeed if the institutional framework remains stable, and the civil society is engaged on a permanent basis. Ensuring a broad social consensus for the strategy will make it easier to mobilize donor resources, thus easing financing constraints.
- Published
- 2011
7. Islamic Republic of Mauritania; Joint Staff Assessment of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report
- Author
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null International Monetary Fund
- Subjects
History ,Mauritania ,Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers ,poverty reduction strategy, expenditure, poverty reduction strategy paper, public expenditure, implementation capacity ,Computer Science Applications ,Education - Abstract
The report describes the participatory process and its impact, and analyzes its shortcomings. Mauritania's progress report provides a candid review and analysis of the implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). Becasue poverty remains primarily a rural phenomenon in Mauritania, more emphasis should have been placed on growth in the rural areas. Numerous actions have been taken in the context of the implementation of the ongoing reform of the semi-urban and rural water sector. Actions in the area of urban development are also welcomed.
- Published
- 2003
8. Islamic Republic of Mauritania; Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report
- Author
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null International Monetary Fund
- Subjects
History ,Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers ,Mauritania ,education, literacy, universal access, teachers, basic education ,Computer Science Applications ,Education - Abstract
The Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, whose implementation has now reached the second year, has been the key instrument in Mauritania's economic, social, and institutional development policy. The pursuit of policies to accelerate growth, maintain macroeconomic stability, and enhance the competitiveness of the economy have thus made it possible to attain an economic growth rate of about 3.3 percent notwithstanding an unfavorable international economic climate. Annual inflation has been contained at 4 percent.
- Published
- 2003
9. Islamic microfinance in Mauritania: an investigation into involuntary factors affecting usage
- Author
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Mokhtar Maouloud, Vatimetou, Kassim, Salina, and Othman, Anwar Hasan Abdullah
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Skills for Industrialisation in Sub-Saharan African Countries: Why Is Systemic Reform of Technical and Vocational Systems so Persistently Unsuccessful?
- Author
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Allais, Stephanie
- Abstract
This paper examines three interrelated factors outside of formal provision of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in sub-Saharan Africa that have undermined TVET systems. The first is the process, pace, and levels of industrialisation, which has had a direct effect on TVET provision: low numbers of well-paying jobs requiring technical expertise. This has an indirect effect, which is the second crucial factor: lack of economic development and change in labour markets. There are very few jobs that would be considered 'middle class' or 'mid-level' in wealthy countries. Most people are in survivalist work. An international consensus since the 2000s on palliative approaches to development which address the effects but not the causes of the lack of economic development in Africa has resulted in mass poor quality provision of education--the third factor. Education systems are rapidly expanding and achievement levels rising, in the context of very little possibility of labour market rewards for most people, and substantial labour market rewards confined mainly to graduates. This reinforces deeply embedded cultural preferences for general education, which originate in the type of education systems established by colonial powers, as well as the relationships between educational credentials and elite jobs.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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11. Availability and Use of Electronic Databases at Arab Universities
- Author
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Reima Al-Jarf
- Abstract
Latest developments in information technology resulted in a revolution in library and information sciences. Acquiring electronic searching skills together with the availability of electronic resources will enable researchers to access a plethora of up-to-date information and will lead to productivity in research. This study tried to investigate the availability of electronic databases at Arab university libraries, whether faculty members can search electronic databases, and the frequency of database usage. The homepages of 202 Arab universities were browsed and a sample of faculty was interviewed. It was found that 80.7% of Arab university libraries are still traditional and lack electronic databases, including some open universities, virtual universities and universities of science and technology. All university libraries in the Gulf States except Shari'aa universities contain electronic databases. It was also found that most databases are in English; Arabic databases are lacking. Foreign universities, such as the University of Columbia in the Sudan and the American Universities of Cairo and Beirut host many more databases than Arabic universities. It was found that all electronic databases at Um Al-Qura University were used 3686 times a year only. On average, a student or faculty member uses all databases once a year. Taking into consideration that the subscription fee for a single database per year can be as high as US$ 24,000, it can be said that database usage at Arab universities with database access is not cost-effective. In addition, 94% of female faculty members and 97% of female graduate students and none of the library employees at King Saud University can search electronic databases. On the basis of these findings, the study recommends that all Arab universities and research centers have a network of electronic resources, and that Arabic specialized electronic databases be created and new documents be indexed and stored on a regular basis. Researchers should be allowed to access available databases on and off-campus. Electronic publishing in Arabic should be also encouraged.
- Published
- 2004
12. Islamic Republic of Mauritania: Selected Issues Paper
- Author
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International Monetary Fund
- Subjects
History ,Mauritania ,revenue, fiscal policy, revenues, investment, budget ,Banking sector ,Economic growth ,External shocks ,Europe ,Selected issues ,Spillovers ,Reserves ,Liquidity ,Monetary policy ,pro-poor growth, pro-poor, gdp growth ,Computer Science Applications ,Education - Abstract
Despite a relatively high GDP growth rate over the past decade (2000–10), economic growth in Mauritania has not been able to make a significant dent in poverty. Rapid and sustained poverty reduction requires inclusive growth that allows people to contribute to and benefit from expanding economic activity. Mauritania needs to make greater progress toward inclusive growth by enhancing the distributional impact of public spending and by improving the quality of pro-poor spending. The Executive Board recommends effective monetary policies to meet the challenges.
- Published
- 2012
13. Training of School Teachers in West Africa: Remediation of Reading Difficulties through Training in Phonological Awareness and Letter Names
- Author
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Briquet-Duhazé, Sophie
- Abstract
The training of teachers of West Africa is carried out by the Academy of Rouen (France) and organized around an annual training plan approved by the AEFE. Each trainer only supervises twenty teachers for 5 days. Teachers from eight countries (Mauritania, Cape Verde, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso), come to Dakar for a week. We have been asked four times tn Dakar (Senegal) to provide training for teachers of West Africa. It is all about being trained in order to resolve reading difficulties for students using our scientific research. This paper presents the theoretical framework of phonological awareness and letter names and the 0 phase and the beginning of Phase 1 of our research. We use these predictors as remedial reading difficulties among students aged 8 to 11 years. We present the first results.
- Published
- 2014
14. The hybridization and internationalization of HRM in the Maghreb : Examining the case of commitment and intention to quit amongst employees of multinational companies
- Author
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Frimousse, Soufyane, Swalhi, Abdelaziz, and El Alaoui El Wahidi, Mouna
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Filter paper confetti in a serological rift valley fever survey
- Author
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P. Lena, B. Leguenno, J M Meegan, J.L. Sarthou, Thomas G. Ksiazek, A. Jouan, and I. Coulibaly
- Subjects
Rift Valley Fever ,Immunology ,Mauritania ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Rift Valley fever virus ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,Virology ,Disease Outbreaks ,Serology ,Immunoenzyme Techniques ,Mice ,Specific antibody ,Immunoglobulin M ,Immunoglobulin G ,medicine ,Animals ,Serologic Tests ,Rift Valley fever ,Epidemiologic Methods ,Filtration - Abstract
Summary In order to collect epidemiological data about the Rift Valley fever epidemic in Mauritania, we decided to use the filter paper method. The mean recovery level of specific antibodies from filter paper, tested using an immunoenzymatic method, is around one fourth. Taking the mean h˦matocrit into account, we estimated the extract square with a 1/300 dilution. This method was very useful for epidemiological studies, we observed few patient refusals, but it is necessary to know the exact specificity of the antibodies.
- Published
- 1989
16. eLearning and Distance Education at Arab Universities
- Author
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Reima Al-Jarf
- Abstract
This study aimed to identify the extent to which Arab universities are keeping pace with modern technological developments in terms of the availability of e-Learning Management Systems and distance education, the extent of their use, and in which courses they are used. The author accessed the websites of 517 Arab universities and institutions on the Internet. The results showed that only 15% of Arab universities have e-learning management systems, including open universities, virtual universities, some universities of science and technology in Arab countries, and universities in the Gulf states, with the exception of religious universities. The number of e-courses offered is relatively small. Since the use of Learning Management Systems will lead to a quantitative and qualitative shift in education, and failure of Arab universities to use them will lead to their technological and scientific backwardness, the current study gave a number of recommendations for activating e-courses and distance education at Arab universities in a simplified, fast and inexpensive way.
- Published
- 2008
17. Republika Mauretanii - na pograniczu Maghrebu.
- Author
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SALAMON, JUSTYNA
- Abstract
Copyright of Acta Politica Polonica is the property of Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecinskiego / University of Szczecin Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Serological and genomic evidence of Rift Valley fever virus during inter-epidemic periods in Mauritania
- Author
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Martin H. Groschup, Melanie Rissmann, B.O. El Mamy, Timo Homeier-Bachmann, Ute Ziegler, K. Isselmou, Martin Eiden, B Yahya, and Baba Doumbia
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Rift Valley fever virus ,Rift Valley Fever ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Epidemiology ,030231 tropical medicine ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Serology ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Seroprevalence ,Viral rna ,Rift Valley fever ,Epidemics ,business.industry ,Mauritania ,Outbreak ,Ruminants ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,Original Papers ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,RNA, Viral ,Enzootic ,Livestock ,business - Abstract
SUMMARYRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging pathogen of major concern throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, affecting both livestock and humans. In the past recurrent epidemics were reported in Mauritania and studies focused on the analysis of samples from affected populations during acute outbreaks. To verify characteristics and presence of RVFV during non-epidemic periods we implemented a multi-stage serological and molecular analysis. Serum samples of small ruminants, cattle and camels were obtained from Mauritania during an inter-epidemic period in 2012–2013. This paper presents a comparative analysis of potential variations and shifts of antibody presence and the capability of inter-epidemic infections in Mauritanian livestock. We observed distinct serological differences between tested species (seroprevalence: small ruminants 3·8%, cattle 15·4%, camels 32·0%). In one single bovine from Nouakchott, a recent RVF infection could be identified by the simultaneous detection of IgM antibodies and viral RNA. This study indicates the occurrence of a low-level enzootic RVFV circulation in livestock in Mauritania. Moreover, results indicate that small ruminants can preferably act as sentinels for RVF surveillance.
- Published
- 2016
19. Social and Economic Wellbeing in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin: Building an Enlarged Human Development Indicator
- Author
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Reig-Martinez, Ernest
- Abstract
This paper calculates a human Wellbeing Composite Index (WCI) for 42 countries, belonging to the European Economic Space, North Africa and the Middle East, as an alternative to the shortcomings of other well-known measures of socio-economic development (i.e. Gross Domestic Product per head and Human Development Index). To attain this goal, different data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are used as an aggregation tool for seven selected socio-economic variables which correspond to the following wellbeing dimensions: income per capita, environmental burden of disease, income inequality, gender gap, education, life expectancy at birth and government effectiveness. The use of DEA allows avoiding the subjectivity that would be involved in the exogenous determination of weights for the variables included in WCI. The aim is to establish a complete ranking of all countries in the sample, using a three-step process, with the last step consisting in the use of a model that combines DEA and compromise programming, and permits to obtain a set of common weights for all countries in the analysis. The results highlight the distance that still separates Southern Mediterranean countries from the benchmark levels established by some European countries, and also point to the main weaknesses in individual countries' performance. Nordic countries, plus Switzerland, top the list of best performers, while Mauritania, Libya and Syria appear at the bottom.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Vulnerability to Violence of 'Talibe' Children in Mauritania
- Author
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Ballet, Jerome, Bhukuth, Augendra, and Hamzetta, Bilal
- Abstract
"Talibe" children are children sent to Quranic schools (daaras), where they are completely dependent on a master, known as a marabout. This is a very common system of education in formerly French-speaking countries in West Africa. In the last 10 years or so, numerous cases of violence towards "talibe" children have been reported in the media. This paper presents an analysis of the risk factors involved in the physical violence perpetrated by the marabouts towards these children. It is based on a study carried out in Mauritania. Using a probit model, this study has revealed that there are three main risk factors for this violence: the age of the children, their relationships with their families, and the number of children attending the school. In conclusion, a change in the rules for regulating daaras and criminalising violent marabouts is necessary. (Contains 2 tables.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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21. Empowering Adaptive Lectures through Activation of Intelligent and Web 2.0 Technologies
- Author
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El-Ghareeb, Haitham and Riad, A.
- Abstract
Different Learning Paradigms can be presented by different educators as a result of utilizing several types of Information and Communication Technologies in the Learning Process. The three abstract Learning Delivery Models are: "Traditional", "Distance", and "Hybrid Learning". Hybrid Learning attempts to maintain the best of Traditional Learning, and provides the hopes and objectives of Distance Learning in a model that maintains the "Learning Process" on the right road. Hybrid Learning shall be making use of different technologies available, exactly as does Distance Learning. Research that has focused on adopting Intelligent Technologies in Classrooms is not widely presented and deployed. Besides, the widespread of Web 2.0 resulted in the appearance of the acronym (e-Learning 2.0). E-Learning 2.0 is supposed to make use of different Web 2.0 capabilities. Web 2.0 is a big resource that changed the way everyone around thinks about and accesses the Internet, and greatly will touch the coming generations, the generations to which we are currently presenting education. This paper presents a proposed pedagogical and technical framework to empower classroom lectures with intelligent and Web 2.0 technologies that hopefully will enhance the learning process in learning institutions. Adaptive Lecture as a concept tends to help instructors providing more personalized lectures through utilizing Intelligent and Web 2.0 technologies. The growing number of students that is hardly met by the growing number of instructors is a challenge. In order not to let this challenge affect the performance of the lecture, it became important to utilize Web 2.0 technologies in the "formative assessments" within classroom. Moreover, in order to powerfully reach students, their data shall be gathered and further analyzed to make them feel more "Lecture Personalization" and get deeply "involved" with the lecture activities. Intelligent features can play an important role in achieving this task. (Contains 9 figures and 1 table.)
- Published
- 2011
22. A SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance System in Sub-Saharan Africa: Modeling Study for Persistence and Transmission to Inform Policy
- Author
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Robert L. Murphy, Charles B. Moss, Janine White, Cameron Jones, Tariq Z Issa, Danielle Resnick, Lauren Nadya Singh, Lori A. Post, Salem T Argaw, Chad J. Achenbach, Michael J Boctor, and James F. Oehmke
- Subjects
Male ,Malawi ,Sao Tome and Principe ,Mali ,Ghana ,Comoros ,Sudan ,0302 clinical medicine ,global COVID-19 surveillance ,Public health surveillance ,Benin ,Niger ,Cameroon ,Socioeconomics ,South Sudan ,Suriname ,Botswana ,Health Policy ,Mauritania ,Namibia ,Central African Republic ,COVID-19 7-day persistence ,Geography ,Congo ,African public health surveillance ,Mauritius ,Gambia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chad ,Somalia ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Zambia ,Nigeria ,Health Informatics ,Eritrea ,Seychelles ,lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,Sierra Leone ,Betacoronavirus ,03 medical and health sciences ,African econometrics ,Madagascar ,Humans ,Health policy ,Public health ,African SARS-CoV-2 ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Liberia ,Angola ,Guinea ,Ethiopia ,Swaziland ,sub-Saharan African COVID-19 ,Tanzania ,South Africa ,Pandemic ,Public Health Surveillance ,African COVID-19 transmission acceleration ,Uganda ,Guinea-Bissau ,Registries ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mozambique ,biology ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Senegal ,Lesotho ,Togo ,Equatorial Guinea ,African COVID-19 transmission speed ,lcsh:R858-859.7 ,Female ,dynamic panel data ,Coronavirus Infections ,Zimbabwe ,Burundi ,COVID-19 transmission deceleration ,030231 tropical medicine ,COVID-19 transmission jerk ,Models, Biological ,Sierra leone ,Cape verde ,Burkina Faso ,medicine ,generalized method of the moments ,Gabon ,Pandemics ,Africa South of the Sahara ,African COVID-19 surveillance system ,Original Paper ,African surveillance metrics ,Poverty ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Rwanda ,COVID-19 ,Democratic Republic of Congo ,biology.organism_classification ,Kenya ,Cote d'Ivoire - Abstract
BackgroundSince the novel coronavirus emerged in late 2019, the scientific and public health community around the world have sought to better understand, surveil, treat, and prevent the disease, COVID-19. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), many countries responded aggressively and decisively with lockdown measures and border closures. Such actions may have helped prevent large outbreaks throughout much of the region, though there is substantial variation in caseloads and mortality between nations. Additionally, the health system infrastructure remains a concern throughout much of SSA, and the lockdown measures threaten to increase poverty and food insecurity for the subcontinent’s poorest residents. The lack of sufficient testing, asymptomatic infections, and poor reporting practices in many countries limit our understanding of the virus’s impact, creating a need for better and more accurate surveillance metrics that account for underreporting and data contamination.ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to improve infectious disease surveillance by complementing standardized metrics with new and decomposable surveillance metrics of COVID-19 that overcome data limitations and contamination inherent in public health surveillance systems. In addition to prevalence of observed daily and cumulative testing, testing positivity rates, morbidity, and mortality, we derived COVID-19 transmission in terms of speed, acceleration or deceleration, change in acceleration or deceleration (jerk), and 7-day transmission rate persistence, which explains where and how rapidly COVID-19 is transmitting and quantifies shifts in the rate of acceleration or deceleration to inform policies to mitigate and prevent COVID-19 and food insecurity in SSA.MethodsWe extracted 60 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries and employed an empirical difference equation to measure daily case numbers in 47 sub-Saharan countries as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R.ResultsKenya, Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa have the most observed cases of COVID-19, and the Seychelles, Eritrea, Mauritius, Comoros, and Burundi have the fewest. In contrast, the speed, acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence indicate rates of COVID-19 transmissions differ from observed cases. In September 2020, Cape Verde, Namibia, Eswatini, and South Africa had the highest speed of COVID-19 transmissions at 13.1, 7.1, 3.6, and 3 infections per 100,0000, respectively; Zimbabwe had an acceleration rate of transmission, while Zambia had the largest rate of deceleration this week compared to last week, referred to as a jerk. Finally, the 7-day persistence rate indicates the number of cases on September 15, 2020, which are a function of new infections from September 8, 2020, decreased in South Africa from 216.7 to 173.2 and Ethiopia from 136.7 to 106.3 per 100,000. The statistical approach was validated based on the regression results; they determined recent changes in the pattern of infection, and during the weeks of September 1-8 and September 9-15, there were substantial country differences in the evolution of the SSA pandemic. This change represents a decrease in the transmission model R value for that week and is consistent with a de-escalation in the pandemic for the sub-Saharan African continent in general.ConclusionsStandard surveillance metrics such as daily observed new COVID-19 cases or deaths are necessary but insufficient to mitigate and prevent COVID-19 transmission. Public health leaders also need to know where COVID-19 transmission rates are accelerating or decelerating, whether those rates increase or decrease over short time frames because the pandemic can quickly escalate, and how many cases today are a function of new infections 7 days ago. Even though SSA is home to some of the poorest countries in the world, development and population size are not necessarily predictive of COVID-19 transmission, meaning higher income countries like the United States can learn from African countries on how best to implement mitigation and prevention efforts.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/21955
- Published
- 2020
23. Les phenomenes migratoires et l'urbanisation comme objet d'enseignement: La Mauritanie (The Phenomena of Migration and Urbanization as Subjects of Instruction: Mauritania).
- Author
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Fahem, Abdel Kader
- Abstract
Outlines the recent social history of Mauritania, focusing on the effects of sedentarization and rapid urbanization on a primarily nomadic people. Offers an instructional approach for teaching young people about these social phenomena, highlighting particular cognitive and attitudinal objectives. (DMM)
- Published
- 1993
24. Is climate change abolishing descent-based slavery in Mauritania?
- Author
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Jones II, Darryl L.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *CLIMATE change , *TWENTY-first century , *SLAVERY , *HUMAN security , *PERSONAL property , *SLAVE trade - Abstract
Climate change, environmental degradation, and descent-based slavery are prevailing issues in Mauritania. The relationship between the three phenomena has rarely elicited investigation, in part due to the perception that chattel slavery is an institution of the past. Despite being the last country in the world to decree its abolition in 1981, Mauritania is alleged to have one of the highest incidences of slavery in the world today. This study explores the nexus between climate change and slavery in Mauritania. The paper seeks to elucidate how the environmental interactions of the Sahel have transformed slavery's manifestation in this multiethnic northwest African republic for more than a millennium. The author contributes to the rich literature on slavery in Mauritania by arguing that in the twenty-first century, the nexus converges on the issue of development, and that the prevalence of slavery degrades the country's precarious environment and contributes to its underdevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Scholars of Ḥayḍ and Nifās? The Endurance of Islamic Law in Late Colonial Sudan.
- Author
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Steele, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
ISLAMIC law , *LAW reform , *MUSLIM scholars , *ISLAMIC courts , *ISLAMIC studies , *SUFIS - Abstract
This paper relocates the study of contemporary Islamic law from state judiciaries and reformist polemics to the learning circles of late colonial Sudan. It focuses on the careers of two Mālikī jurists: ʿUthmān b. Ḥasanayn Barrī al-Jaʿalī (d. 1960) and Abū Ṭāhir Ḥasan Fāy al-Bijāwī (d. 1984). Hardly indifferent to the pressures of modernity, each attempted to resuscitate a Mālikī school beset by colonial reforms from above and revisionist critiques from below. A Sufi, political advisor, and traditionalist, al-Jaʿalī composed an homage to the "slavish imitation" of Mālikī jurists (taqlīd) that nevertheless admitted the intervention and frequent rebuke of its author. al-Bijāwī did the opposite, employing his expertise in ḥadīth to recast demands for dissolving legal schools (madhhab s) in a clever justification of Mālikī doctrine. Together they highlight examples of internal reform, as well as the significance of Africa's jurists, that remain understudied in the contemporary history of Islamic law. Less the dissolution of the madhhab than its resilience, they attest to the ways in which Mālikī scholars continued to defend the classical legal tradition long after its presumed demise at the hands of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Empirical analysis suggests continuous and homogeneous circulation of Newcastle disease virus in a wide range of wild bird species in Africa
- Author
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Cappelle, J., Caron, A., Servan de Almeida, Renata, De Almeida, R. S., Gil, P., Pedrono, M., Mundava, J., Fofana, B., Balança, G., Dakouo, M., El Mamy, A. B. O., Abolnik, C., Maminiaina, O. F., Cumming, G. S., De Visscher, M. N., Albina, Emmanuel, Chevalier, V., Gaidet, N., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa]-University of Pretoria [South Africa], Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National University of Science and Technology [Bulawayo], Direction Nationale des Eaux et Forêts, Partenaires INRAE, Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire [Bamako, Mali], Centre National d’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (CNERV), University of Pretoria [South Africa], FOFIFA-DRZV, Percy Fitzpatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, GRIPAVI project - French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and USAID-funded GAINS (Global Avian Influenza network for Surveillance) sub-contract from the Wildlife Conservation Society
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Range (biology) ,Prevalence ,spread ,APMV-1 ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Mali ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Genotype ,Phylogeny ,2. Zero hunger ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,Contrôle de maladies ,transmission ,Mauritania ,Original Papers ,Paramyxovirus aviaire ,Épidémiologie ,Infectious Diseases ,Homogeneous ,epidemiology ,L20 - Écologie animale ,ecology ,Infection ,L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux ,Génotype ,Zimbabwe ,Écologie ,Newcastle Disease ,Newcastle disease virus ,Animals, Wild ,Plant disease resistance ,Newcastle disease ,Virus ,Volaille ,maintenance ,Birds ,Madagascar ,Animals ,Surveillance épidémiologique ,Transmission des maladies ,Virus maladie de newcastle ,Oiseau ,Animal sauvage ,biology.organism_classification ,Enquête pathologique - Abstract
SUMMARYNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide and can lead to annual losses of up to 80% of backyard chickens in Africa. All bird species are considered susceptible to ND virus (NDV) infection but little is known about the role that wild birds play in the epidemiology of the virus. We present a long-term monitoring of 9000 wild birds in four African countries. Overall, 3·06% of the birds were PCR-positive for NDV infection, with prevalence ranging from 0% to 10% depending on the season, the site and the species considered. Our study shows that ND is circulating continuously and homogeneously in a large range of wild bird species. Several genotypes of NDV circulate concurrently in different species and are phylogenetically closely related to strains circulating in local domestic poultry, suggesting that wild birds may play several roles in the epidemiology of different NDV strains in Africa. We recommend that any strategic plan aiming at controlling ND in Africa should take into account the potential role of the local wild bird community in the transmission of the disease.
- Published
- 2014
27. Detecting and Quantifying Structural Breaks in Climate.
- Author
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Ericsson, Neil R., Dore, Mohammed H. I., and Butt, Hassan
- Subjects
RAINFALL ,GREAT Recession, 2008-2013 ,MACHINE learning ,ECONOMIC impact ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Structural breaks have attracted considerable attention recently, especially in light of the financial crisis, Great Recession, the COVID-19 pandemic, and war. While structural breaks pose significant econometric challenges, machine learning provides an incisive tool for detecting and quantifying breaks. The current paper presents a unified framework for analyzing breaks; and it implements that framework to test for and quantify changes in precipitation in Mauritania over 1919–1997. These tests detect a decline of one third in mean rainfall, starting around 1970. Because water is a scarce resource in Mauritania, this decline—with adverse consequences on food production—has potential economic and policy consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Langues, Savoirs et Pouvoirs en Milieu Maure
- Author
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Catherine Taine-Cheikh, Langues et civilisations à tradition orale (LACITO), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Taine-Cheikh, Catherine
- Subjects
Maures ,nomade ,zénaga ,chleuh ,anthropologie linguistique ,arabe ,auralité ,diglossie ,oral ,arabe littéraire ,histoire ,Touaregs ,050602 political science & public administration ,0601 history and archaeology ,élite ,berbère ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,métrique ,diglossia ,langue maternelle ,production langagière ,dialectal poetry ,mélange ,education ,Arabic ,Mauritanie ,marabout ,05 social sciences ,Mauritania ,touareg ,Hassânya ,oral character ,écrit ,06 humanities and the arts ,writing ,0506 political science ,mixture ,poésie dialectale ,Tuareg ,Berber ,nomad ,woman ,Western Sahara ,history ,Linguistic anthropology ,arabisation ,poetry ,SOC008000 ,femme ,linguistic production ,mother tongue ,050601 international relations ,median Arabic ,metrics ,oralité ,griot ,Sociology & Anthropology ,hassâniyya ,Sahara ,Demography ,scholar ,Sahara occidental ,060101 anthropology ,arabe médian ,paper ,enseignement ,savant ,JFSL ,[SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,culture ,poésie ,arabization ,literary Arabic ,aural ,écriture - Abstract
republié par P. Bonte et H. Claudot-Hawad (éds) dans les Cahiers de l'IREMAM, n° 13/14 (« Elites du monde nomade touareg et maure »), 2000, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 167-184; International audience; Dans la Mauritanie contemporaine, la revendication de l'arabe fait figure de principe fondamental de l'entité maure. Pourtant les populations sahariennes du Sahara occidental furent longtemps berbérophones et mirent sans doute plusieurs siècles à changer de « langue maternelle ». C'est d'abord sur cette arabisation dialectale que je m'interroge, en montrant qu'on ne peut pas la couper complètement du mouvement d'islamisation qui l'a précédée et qui semble avoir influé fortement sur l'image que ces populations pouvaient se faire d'elles-mêmes. Si, à partir du 18ᵉ siècle, l'arabité culturelle de cette région prend des contours plus nets, il faut prêter attention au fait que, derrière l'unité apparente du terme « arabe », se cache une dualité mouvante — ce qu'on appelle la diglossie arabe littéraire/dialecte —, à laquelle correspondent deux formes culturelles distinctes. Je propose ici de caractériser la culture savante des zwâye comme « aurale » (par delà la dichotomie écrit/oral) par opposition à l'oralité de la culture populaire en dialecte, telle qu'elle s'incarne notamment chez les musiciens-chanteurs. Dans la dernière partie, j'étudie l'évolution récente de la diglossie et les tentatives faites pour échapper aux difficultés posées par cette opposition, qu'elles restent à l'intérieur du domaine arabe ou qu'elles choisissent d'en sortir. Là encore le poids de l'idéologie se fait sentir et les représentations des locuteurs influent sur leurs productions langagières.
- Published
- 1998
29. An investigation of gender bias in Mauritanian secondary schools English textbooks: towards more equal representation.
- Author
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Ebnou, Malainine
- Subjects
- *
SEX discrimination , *CRITICAL discourse analysis , *SECONDARY schools , *TEXTBOOKS - Abstract
In recent years, gender-biased discourse has been one of the most studied phenomena in critical discourse analysis. In the Muslim and Arab contexts, most studies show that the depiction of women in textbooks is declining. This paper looks at the representation of women in the Mauritanian context by analysing four secondary school English textbooks. Because textbooks can be a site for cultural and political discourse, the study seeks to find out whether the Mauritanian government's Pedagogic Institute's goal of achieving equality between all components of the Mauritanian society is achieved for women in the textbooks. The study tries to explain gender bias by referring to societal views as well government policies regarding women. Bias against women is investigated using Norman Fairclough's Three-Dimensional Model. The results of the study have shown biased portrayal of women in the textbooks. Men's representation dominates women's in most activities while women are more frequently represented only in domestic activities. It was further shown that, although government policies seem to support women's empowerment, society's views of women remain stereotypical which might explain their representation. More equal representationneeds to be sought so that textbook content goes in line with the government's policies of empowering women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Screening of BRCA1/2 variants in Mauritanian breast cancer patients
- Author
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Brahim, Selma Mohamed, Zein, Ekht Elbenina, Bonnet, Crystel, Hamed, Cheikh Tijani, Salame, Malak, Zein, Mohamed Vall, Khyatti, Meriem, Tolba, Ahmedou, and Houmeida, Ahmed
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Mineralogy, geochemistry, origin, and potential industrial applications of kaolin deposit from Hassi Abyad, Mauritania.
- Author
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El Hady, Azwine Mohamed Lemine, Baioumy, Hassan, dekayir, Abdelilah, Sabbar, Mohamed Salem, Abdeina, El Houssein, EL Ghastalany, Rayane, samba Camara, Tambo, and Brahim Vall, Isselmou
- Subjects
- *
KAOLIN , *INDUSTRIAL capacity , *GEOCHEMISTRY , *CHLORITE minerals , *MINERALOGY , *KAOLINITE - Abstract
The Hassi Abyad kaolin deposit is in the southern part of Mauritania, around 45 km east of the town of M'Bout. Hassi Abyad lies in the middle of the Mauritanides Shield, which consists of deformed and metamorphosed Precambrian and Paleozoic formations. Complementary geological, mineralogical, and geochemical studies have been carried out to help answer questions linked to the origin of these kaolin and to determine the potential suitability for different industrial applications. The mineralogical compositions showed that Hassi Abyad kaolin is mainly composed of kaolinite (61–96%) and other minerals such as chlorite, illite, muscovite, cronstedtite, quartz, rutile, magnetite, laumontite, and gibbsite. The average chemical composition of the kaolin samples is 35.84% Al₂O₃, 45.27% SiO₂, and 14.19% LOI. Other oxides occur in low concentrations (less than1%). The higher chemical indices of alteration CIA (99.5%) and CIW (99.6%) indicate that this kaolin deposit underwent a high degree of alteration during the process of kaolinization of the source rock. The absence of high temperature minerals such as pyrite, topaz and dickite, and the presence of high Ce + Y + La and Cr + Nb contents signifies that the development and evolution of this deposit are affiliated with supergene processes. This kaolin is derived from a lateritic material, proving that they are the source rock of this deposit. The geochemical and mineralogical characteristics indicate that Hassi Abyad kaolin is applicable in ceramics, paper, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, bricks making, and pottery. • Hassi Abyad kaolin is composed of kaolinite, quartz, chlorite, illite and gibbsite. • Lacking high temperature minerals, high Ce, Y, La, Cr, Nb indicate supergene origin. • High CIA and CIW indicate that the deposit formed underwent high alteration degree. • The deposit is applicable for ceramics, paper, pharmaceutics, bricks, and pottery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Dust storm simulation over the Sahara Desert (Moroccan and Mauritanian regions) using HYSPLIT.
- Author
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Qor‐el‐aine, Achraf, Béres, András, and Géczi, Gábor
- Subjects
DUST storms ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,DESERTS - Abstract
Saharan dust storms are major events that occur normally in the summer and affect the air quality in various regions of the world. In particular, Saharan regions in Morocco and Mauritania actively contribute to dust storms. The Saharan outbreak that took place between 14 and 19 of June 2020 was one of the most severe Saharan dust storms in recent years. This paper investigates the PM10 emissions and concentrations during the 4 days of the dust storm in the region of Western Sahara of Morocco and Mauritania and the transport of the PM10 from the area of study to the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico using Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) software with PM10 emission model and cluster analysis. We also analyse the effect of the transported PM10 particles on the concentration level in the Southern parts of the United States and the Martinique islands. The results showed that the average PM10 concentration below the altitude of 100 m during the dust storm was higher than 100 μg/m3 in most of the regions such as Dakhla in Morocco, Nouakchott, Adrar and Tiris Zemmour in Mauritania. This is confirmed by Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) values between 0.7 and 1 retrieved by MODIS‐Aqua for those areas. Furthermore, PM10 particles transported across the Atlantic Ocean affected the concentrations observed in the Caribbean Basin, where hourly PM10 reached 372 μg/m3 and the dust top layer was found between 4 and 4.5 km above ground level. In addition, HYSPLIT cluster analysis results revealed several PM10 particle source areas in Western Sahara such as Bir Anzerane in Morocco, Nouakchott and Tichit in Mauritania that contributed to the increase of PM10 concentrations to an Unhealthy level in the Texas and Florida States in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. موريتانيا بين جسامة الإرث الإنساني واستعصاء العدالة الانتقالية.
- Author
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أحمد محمد الأمين
- Abstract
Copyright of Arab Policy / Siyasat Arabiya is the property of Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
34. 2020-أثر الانفاق العمومي (الجاري والرأسمالي) على التضخم في موريتانيا خلال الفترة: 1987
- Author
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ولد ميني محفوظ and ولد حام الطالب مصطف
- Abstract
Copyright of Strategy & Development Review is the property of Strategy & Development Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
35. Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Distribution in High-Grade Cervical Lesions and Invasive Cervical Carcinoma in Women Living in Mauritania: Implications for Cervical Cancer Prevention and HPV Prophylactic Vaccination.
- Author
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Abdoudaim, Mariem Salma, Mohamed Abdellahi, Mohamed Val, Mohamed Baba, Nacer Dine, Mboumba Bouassa, Ralph-Sydney, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh Brahim, and Bélec, Laurent
- Subjects
HUMAN papillomavirus ,CERVICAL intraepithelial neoplasia ,CERVICAL cancer ,HUMAN papillomavirus vaccines ,SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma - Abstract
Cervical cancer related to high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the second female cancer in Mauritania (Northwest Sahelian Africa). We assessed the distribution of HPV genotypes in Mauritanian women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) or invasive cervical cancer (ICC). A prospective study was conducted in the Centre Hospitalier National, Nouakchott, Mauritania, to collect cervical biopsies among women suspected of CIN2/3 or cancer. HPV DNA detection and genotyping were carried out from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies using multiplex PCR (Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Real-Time PCR Kit, Bioperfectus Technologies Co., Taizhou, China). Fifty biopsies were included from women (mean age: 56.7 years) suffering from CIN2/3 (28.0%) and ICC (72.0%) which corresponded to 32 (64.0%) squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 4 (8.0%) adenocarcinomas (ADC). HPV DNA detection was successful in 47 (94.0%) samples. The most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were HPV-45 (40.4%), HPV-16 (38.3%), HPV-39 and HPV-52 (23.4%), HPV-33 (17.0%), HPV-18 (14.9%), HPV-35 (4.2%), and HPV-56 (2.1%). The majority (93.6%) of HPV-positive biopsies contained at least one HPV type covered by the 9-valent Gardasil-9
® vaccine, and 40.9% were infected by multiple vaccine HPV genotypes. To eradicate cervical cancer in Mauritania, prophylactic HPV vaccination must be combined with primary molecular screening of cervical HR-HPV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Splice-altering variant of PJVK gene in a Mauritanian family with non-syndromic hearing impairment
- Author
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Salame, Malak, Bonnet, Crystel, Singh-Estivalet, Amrit, Brahim, Selma Mohamed, Roux, Solene, Boussaty, Ely Cheikh, Hadrami, Mouna, Hamed, Cheikh Tijani, Sidi, Abdellahi M’hamed, Veten, Fatimetou, Petit, Christine, and Houmeida, Ahmed
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. تحديات البنوك الإسلامية في المغرب العربي، د ا رسة حالة البنك البركة الإسلامي الج ا زئري
- Author
-
نجية ضحاك
- Abstract
Copyright of International Journal of Islamic Marketing is the property of International Islamic Marketing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
38. Seasonal variations in the diversity and structure of decapod communities in the changing hydrological scenario of the northwest African upwelling
- Author
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Mohamed Moctar, Sidi M., Ramos, Ana, de Matos-Pita, Susana S., Ramil, Fran, and Krakstad, Jens-Otto
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. ʿIlm al-kalām in Mauretanien anhand maurischer Kommentare zur Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunnafī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna von al-Maqqarī (st. 1041/1632).
- Author
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Graf, Gunhild
- Abstract
The present article intends to contribute to the research on the kalām ("theology") in Mauritania. So far, this particular Islamic science has received little attention of Islamic studies outside Mauritania. Around a dozen Mauritanian and non-Mauritanian commentaries on the highly popular didactic poem Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna of al-Maqqarī – until today part of the education curriculum in the cultural area of the Western Sahara – provide the basis of the present paper which is divided in two parts: Part one presents some characteristic features of Mauritanian literature and the status of ʿilm al-kalām in Mauritania. Part two deals with the Iḍāʾa and its (Mauritanian) commentaries. Some selected key verses of the Iḍāʾa and their interpretation by various commentators are discussed here. Particular attention is paid to autobiographical notes and the elaboration on some special terms (for example tauḥīd, ʿilm, auwal wāǧib). Further topics addressed include the dialogue between al-Ǧubbāʾī and al-Ašʿarī and the report on Ibn Barraǧān's prediction of the conquest of Jerusalem from the crusaders by the Muslims in the year 583 H. Since many Mauritanian manuscripts about kalām have not been edited to the present day, even an approximate overview on the Mauritanian kalām literature is still out of sight. However, the investigation of the Mauritanian ʿilm al-kalām as a subbranch of studies on later kalām since the seventeenth century promises to provide highly relevant and intriguing insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The hybridization and internationalization of HRM in the MaghrebExamining the case of commitment and intention to quit amongst employees of multinational companies.
- Author
-
Frimousse, Soufyane, Swalhi, Abdelaziz, and Wahidi, Mouna El Alaoui El
- Subjects
PERSONNEL management ,MANAGEMENT ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,EMPLOYEE loyalty - Abstract
Purpose |!|#8211; The purpose of this paper is to argue that the direct application of an imported model of human resource management (HRM) is seldom successful. The dissemination and transfer of management practices of European firms to their counterparts in the Maghreb cannot simply be cloned. Indeed, in order to gain legitimacy, internalization of HRM practices of multinationals implemented in the Maghreb must include elements of contingency (culture, religion, etc.). The paper asks: does hybridization have an impact on employee commitment? Does it have an effect upon turnover? Design/methodology/approach |!|#8211; In total, 187 executives operating within 40 subsidiaries of multinational companies in the Maghreb and employed in HRM positions participated in the survey. Respective hypotheses connected with hybrid models were supported using structural equation modelling procedures. Findings |!|#8211; The results show that hybridization of HRM practices increases an employee|!|#39;s commitment and reduces the intention to quit. Research limitations/implications |!|#8211; The present study is limited in particular by the perceptual and self-report nature of the data assembled. Practical implications |!|#8211; Multinational companies|!|#39; image operating in the Maghreb may be enhanced through hybrid HRM practices. Hybrid HRM practices will open new avenues for a Mediterranean collaboration. Originality/value |!|#8211; This paper advances the state of HRM research in the Maghreb and provides a unique empirical investigation on the consequences of the internationalization of HRM practices in the Maghreb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. eDNA metabarcoding reveals a rich but threatened and declining elasmobranch community in West Africa’s largest marine protected area, the Banc d’Arguin
- Author
-
de la Hoz Schilling, Carolina, Jabado, Rima W., Veríssimo, Ana, Caminiti, Luca, Sidina, Ebaye, Gandega, Cheikhna Yero, and Serrão, Ester A.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Assessment of the socio-economic impact of camel breeding in Mauritania
- Author
-
Ould Ahmed, Mohamed, Fall, Mohamed, Sidi Mohamed Ali, Mohamed El Moustapha, Mademba Diop, Abdel Kerim, Amar Vall, Mohamed Salem, Mohamed Sidelemine, Khaled, Sidatt, Mohamed Maarouf, Mohamed Salem, Mahfoudh, Brahim Abba, Ahmedou, Dièye, Cheikh Yahya, and Bengoumi, Mohammed
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Guerrilla Operations in Western Sahara: The Polisario versus Morocco and Mauritania.
- Author
-
Besenyő, János
- Subjects
GUERRILLA warfare ,INSURGENCY ,FORTIFICATION - Abstract
This essay examines the guerrilla war fought between the Polisario Front, representing the Western Saharan natives, and the Kingdom of Morocco, as well as Mauritania. Even today, the aforementioned guerrilla war provides many lessons regarding desert counter-insurgency (COIN) operations. Besides reviewing the necessary activities for conducting a successful guerrilla war, this paper will delineate the most efficient methods for defending against one. This is the first COIN operation for the Moroccan government in which it has taken an unusual approach in standing up against the guerrillas. It has achieved long-standing results by the restructuring of its tactics and the units stationed in the Western Saharan region as well as by the construction of a system of fortifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Titling the desert: Land formalization and tenure (in)security in Nouakchott (Mauritania).
- Author
-
Choplin, Armelle and Dessie, Elizabeth
- Subjects
- *
LAND settlement , *ECONOMIC development , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *LAND tenure - Abstract
Drawing on empirical ethnographic research conducted in three resettled areas in Nouakchott (Mauritania), our paper aims to enrich the debate on land formalization, attempting to understand the effects of slum upgrading programs and the titling process. In a context of securing land tenure as upheld by international institutions, the paper questions the implementation of these titling programs, which aim to deliver secure tenure and, more broadly, achieve economic development. It appeals for an analysis of how poor people react to titling policies in a context of highly complex relationships between formal and informal land status. Our case studies show that formal deeds do not necessarily lead to secure tenure. For the impoverished households who have withstood resettlements, these titling practices can be seen as a way to improve their livelihoods or, on the contrary, as breeding grounds for new forms of vulnerability. Moreover, these elements can also be perceived as triggers for encroachments between the State and the law and, at times, a reason to claim new rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mauritania: a review of their biodiversity, distribution and medical importance.
- Author
-
Mohamed Lemine, Aichetou Mint, Ould Lemrabott, Mohamed Aly, Hasni Ebou, Moina, Mint Lekweiry, Khadijetou, Ould Ahmedou Salem, Mohamed Salem, Ould Brahim, Khyarhoum, Ouldabdallahi Moukah, Mohamed, Ould Bouraya, Issa Nabiyoullahi, Brengues, Cecile, Trape, Jean-François, Basco, Leonardo, Bogreau, Hervé, Simard, Frédéric, Faye, Ousmane, and Mohamed Salem Boukhary, Ali Ould
- Subjects
MOSQUITOES ,SPECIES diversity ,VECTOR control ,RIFT Valley fever ,DENGUE ,MALARIA - Abstract
Although mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are important disease vectors, information on their biodiversity in Mauritania is scarce and very dispersed in the literature. Data from the scientific literature gathered in the country from 1948 to 2016 were collected and analyzed. Overall 51 culicid species comprising 17 Anopheles spp., 14 Aedes spp., 18 Culex spp. and two Mansonia spp. have been described in Mauritania among which Anopheles arabiensis, Aedes vexans, Culex poicilipes and Culex antennatus are of epidemiological significance. Anopheles arabiensis is widely distributed throughout the country and its geographic distribution has increased northwards in recent years, shifting its northern limit form 17°32′N in the 1960s to 18°47′N today. Its presence in the central region of Tagant highlights the great ecological plasticity of the species. Conversely, the distribution of Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) and Anopheles melas has shrunk compared to that of the 1960s. Anopheles rhodesiensis and An. d’thali are mainly confined in the mountainous areas (alt. 200–700 m), whereas Anopheles pharoensis is widely distributed in the Senegal River basin. Culex poicilipes and Cx. antenattus were naturally found infected with Rift valley fever virus in central and northern Mauritania following the Rift valley outbreaks of 1998 and 2012. Recently, Ae. aegypti emerged in Nouakchott and is probably responsible for dengue fever episodes of 2015. This paper provides a concise and up-to-date overview of the existing literature on mosquito species known to occur in Mauritania and highlights areas where future studies should fill a gap in knowledge about vector biodiversity. It aims to help ongoing and future research on mosquitoes particularly in the field of medical entomology to inform evidence-based decision-making for vector control and management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Investigation of unexplored kaolin occurrences in southern Mauritania and preliminary assessment of possible applications.
- Author
-
Küster, D., Kaufhold, Stephan, Limam, Emanetoullah, Jatlaoui, Omar, Ba, Oumar, Mohamed, Abdellahi Maham Zein, Pohlmann-Lortz, M., Ranneberg, M., and Ufer, K.
- Subjects
- *
KAOLIN , *NONMETALLIC materials , *X-ray fluorescence , *INFRARED spectroscopy , *SEDIMENTARY rocks , *FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy - Abstract
Non-metallic raw materials are largely unexplored in many African countries. In an attempt to reduce this knowledge gap, kaolin occurrences in three promising regions of southern Mauritania were examined. The aim of the paper is to describe the occurrences and characterize the material in terms of mineralogy and potential technical use in the ceramics industry. The kaolins are geologically associated with various sedimentary rock units in either the Coastal Basin (Kaédi), the Mauritanide Belt (Hassi Abyad) or the Taoudeni Basin (Néma). Geochemical data show Al2O3 contents of between 9% and 38% (corresponding to 23-96% kaolinite). Samples from the Hassi Abyad and Kaédi regions have greater kaolinite contents on average and were further investigated mineralogically. The kaolin from the Néma region contained less kaolinite (<50 mass%). The region is also less accessible and hence is not considered further in this study. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the geochemically calculated kaolinite contents of the kaolins and identified quartz, anatase and goethite as the remaining major mineral constituents. The degree of structural disorder of the kaolinites (determined by infrared spectroscopy) is generally greater in the Kaédi occurrences than at Hassi Abyad. Ceramic tests proved that all of these kaolin raw materials might be used for the production of ceramics, and some may even be used for fine ceramics. From an economic point of view, the Hassi Abyad deposit is interesting in terms of its quality and reserves, aspects that will be addressed in detail in a follow-up study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in Nouakchott, Mauritania
- Author
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Mint Mohamed Lemine, Aichetou, Ould Lemrabott, Mohamed Aly, Niang, El Hadji Amadou, Basco, Leonardo K., Bogreau, Hervé, Faye, Ousmane, and Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary, Ali
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Evaluation of Rational Medicines Use Based on World Health Organization Core Indicators: A Cross-Sectional Study in Five Health Districts in Mauritania.
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Ahmed, Mohamed Ali Ag, Ravinetto, Raffaella, Diop, Khadijetou, Buitrago, Verónica Trasancos, and Dujardin, Catherine
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INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine) ,CROSS-sectional method ,HEALTH facilities - Abstract
Objective of this study was therefore to analyze the rational use of medicines in public and private not-for-profit health facilities, in five health districts in Mauritania. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the rational use of medicines. We used the standard indicators derived from the methodologies of the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD). Data were prospectively collected from 1050 prescriptions/patients, in thirty-one public and private not-for-profit health posts/centers in 5 health districts. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. P value less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval considered for significance of relationships for associations in statistical test. Results: The average number of medicines per prescription was 2.21; 83.1% (1931/2325) of medicines were prescribed by generic name, but only 54% (1253/2325) were on the National Essential Medicine List (NEML). Antibiotics were prescribed in 62.4% (655/1050) of the consultations, and injectable medicines were prescribed in 15.6% (164/1050) of the consultations. The average consultation time was 16.32 minutes, and the average dispensing time was 97 seconds. Dispensed medicines were correctly labeled, and 83% (871/1050) of patients met the correct administration schedule. The NEML, and the "restricted NEML" for 76 commonly-used medicines, were available in all surveyed health facilities, but the National Therapeutic Guidelines were available in only 60.26% of them. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a possible excess of antibiotics prescriptions, and a likely lack of knowledge of the National Therapeutic Guidelines. There is a need to investigate in more detail the prescription patterns versus disease-specific therapeutic guidelines, and to qualitatively investigate the factors that contribute to the observed irrational prescribing. Moreover, training local staff in the rational use of medicines seems important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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49. Mineralurgical and Environmental Characterization of the Mine Tailings of the IOCG Mine of Guelb Moghrein, Akjoujt, Mauritania.
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Ba, NDiarel Baidy, Souissi, Radhia, Manai, Faouzi, Taviche, Imad Khalil, Bejaoui, Bochra, Bagga, Mohamed Abdallahi, and Souissi, Fouad
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COPPER ,GROUNDWATER ,IRON sulfides ,IRON oxides ,IRON - Abstract
Since 2004, the processing of the iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) ore of Guelb Moghrein, Akjoujt, Mauritania, has resulted in the generation of approximately 40 million tons of mine tailings. The storage of these tailings poses significant environmental challenges particularly to surface and underground water resources. To address this issue, we propose an approach involving both mineralurgical and environmental characterization. Our mineralogical analysis reveals that the TSF tailings consist of sulfides and iron oxides associated with a silico-carbonated matrix. This mineralogical analysis also shows that the TSF tailings consist of secondary minerals, resulting from sulfides oxidation. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the chemical analysis of the TSF tailings contains potential toxic elements (PTEs) such as Cu, As, Co, Ni, Sb, and Se. Regarding the environmental characterization of the tailings, conducted through acid-based accounting (ABA) static tests, we demonstrate that leaching from the tailings generates a contaminated neutral drainage (CND). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Renovación y tradición en Mauritania. La biografía intelectual de Muhammad al-Mishrya.
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de Diego González, Antonio
- Abstract
Copyright of Humania del Sur: Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Africanos y Asiáticos is the property of Humania del Sur. Estudios Latinoamericanos Africanos y Asiaticos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
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