1. Absolute quantification of proteins and phosphoproteins from cell lysates by tandem MS.
- Author
-
Gerber SA, Rush J, Stemman O, Kirschner MW, and Gygi SP
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Binding Sites, Cell Cycle Proteins analysis, Cell Cycle Proteins chemistry, Cell Cycle Proteins metabolism, HeLa Cells, Histone Deacetylases analysis, Horses, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Molecular Sequence Data, Myoglobin analysis, Phosphorylation, Protein Kinases metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Separase, Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae analysis, Sirtuin 2, Sirtuins analysis, Endopeptidases, Mass Spectrometry methods, Phosphoproteins analysis, Proteins analysis
- Abstract
A need exists for technologies that permit the direct quantification of differences in protein and posttranslationally modified protein expression levels. Here we present a strategy for the absolute quantification (termed AQUA) of proteins and their modification states. Peptides are synthesized with incorporated stable isotopes as ideal internal standards to mimic native peptides formed by proteolysis. These synthetic peptides can also be prepared with covalent modifications (e.g., phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, etc.) that are chemically identical to naturally occurring posttranslational modifications. Such AQUA internal standard peptides are then used to precisely and quantitatively measure the absolute levels of proteins and posttranslationally modified proteins after proteolysis by using a selected reaction monitoring analysis in a tandem mass spectrometer. In the present work, the AQUA strategy was used to (i) quantify low abundance yeast proteins involved in gene silencing, (ii) quantitatively determine the cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-1126 of human separase protein, and (iii) identify kinases capable of phosphorylating Ser-1501 of separase in an in vitro kinase assay. The methods described here represent focused, alternative approaches for studying the dynamically changing proteome.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF