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2. Establishing the Need for Cross-Cultural and Global Issues Research
- Author
-
Zhao, Yali, Lin, Lin, and Hoge, John D.
- Abstract
More than any previous generation, today's students need to develop a global perspective and be knowledgeable about other nations in order to play a better role on the global stage. This paper first reviews some earlier and current studies on students' knowledge of the world, mainly conducted in the United States, and then it describes the global education status and similar studies in countries like Canada, Russia, the United Kingdom, China, Japan, South Korea, and Australia. Based on a review of studies in these countries, the paper proposes that contemporary assessments of students' cross-national and global knowledge and attitudes are necessary. The new research must be multinational, assessing what paired nations' school aged populations know about one another's history, geography, politics, economics, and international relations. (Contains 1 footnote.)
- Published
- 2007
3. The East Asian Resource & Education Program at Yale. A Catalogue of A.V. Materials, Resources, and Organizations.
- Author
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Yale Univ., New Haven, CT. Council on East Asian Studies. and White, Caryn
- Abstract
This document consists of an annotated bibliography of publications, audio visual materials, and other items available through Yale University's East Asian Resource and Education Program. The document begins with a discussion of the program, its goals and objectives, teacher and school projects, publications, and special events. There is also a description of the East Asian Education Resource Center and Library. The paper describes materials available through the program, which appear under the major headings "China,""Japan,""Korea", "Asia,""Asian Americans," and "International/Global." A discussion of "Organizations at or Affiliated with Yale" subdivides topics into descriptions of libraries, galleries and collections, and organizations and associations. Subject and title indexes conclude the document. (SG)
- Published
- 1993
4. News Coverage during International Political Uncertainty: The Korean Press Reports Sino-U.S. Normalization.
- Author
-
Salwen, Michael B.
- Abstract
The rapid pace of improving relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China during the late 1970s has been well scrutinized by mass media scholars, but most of the research has focused on the press coverage emanating from the United States, the People's Republic of China, and Taiwan, the major nations involved in normalization. A study examined how the press of the Republic of Korea (ROK, South Korea) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, North Korea) reported Sino-United States normalization during 1978 and 1979 through six critical events related to Sino-U.S. normalization in two leading daily newspapers of the ROK and the official party press organ of the DPRK (272 news stories were examined in all). Results showed that (1) only one story involving Sino-United States normalization appeared in the DPRK press, suggesting evidence for the "delaying hypothesis"; (2) more than a quarter of the normalization stories in the ROK press linked normalization to inter-Korean affairs; (3) there was some evidence suggesting that the ROK press reported normalization in a manner that promoted peace and understanding; and (4) normalization stories involving Korean affairs contained more "mixed" stories (with both positive and negative assertions) than those not involving Korean affairs, suggesting that when the ROK press linked this ambiguous external event to internal affairs it did so in an informative manner that weighed the positive and negative consequences of normalization on Korean affairs. (Three tables of data are included, and 83 references are appended.) (MS)
- Published
- 1988
5. A Rusty but Provocative Knife? The Rationale behind China’s Sanction Usage.
- Author
-
Wei-Hao Huang
- Subjects
ECONOMIC sanctions ,KOREAN pop music ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,GOVERNMENT policy ,INTERNATIONAL sanctions ,BOYCOTTS - Abstract
China has initiated a series of "economic sanctions" against South Korea, affecting Korean pop stars visiting China and Korean investments in China. Sanctions were imposed on South Korea in response to the decision of South Korea to deploy Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) in 2016. Furthermore, the Global Daily assembled local population to boycott Korean products and investments in China. However, the Chinese Foreign Ministry has never positively confirmed these activities as economic sanctions to South Korea related to the THAAD installation. In other words, the Chinese government singled a relatively weak message via these sanctions to South Korea. As a result, the THADD implementation continued in South Korea. In the paper, I interpret China's rationale to impost puzzling economic sanctions, which have a weak resolution, to South Korea and Taiwan. As signaling theory argues, economic sanctions with insufficient resolution, which are more likely to fail, is a more provocative foreign policy. By reviewing China's sanctions usage to South Korea and Taiwan, I propose arguments of bureaucratic competition to answer why China launched such sanctions to other countries: those are caused by domestic institutions who are seeking reward from the Communist Party of China. By comparing shifts of leadership between domestic agencies, the paper provides evidence to support the proposed argument. I also include two alternative explanations to strengthen the proposed argument, albeit connecting the paper with other two larger streams of research, which address analyses of China's aggressive foreign policies as well as the domestic politics of economic sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The continuous but rocky developments of Sino-South Korean relations: examined by the four factor model.
- Author
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Hwang, Jaeho
- Subjects
EMOTION recognition ,EMOTIONS ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,CONFLICT management ,DIPLOMACY - Abstract
Since the establishment of "friendly and cooperative relations' in 1992, relations between South Korea and China have been continuously elevated almost every 5 years. The two countries have achieved great advancements in expanding civil exchanges, bringing economic relations closer, finding common ground in foreign policy and security and elevation of political relations. Despite the honeymoon period that the two countries experienced after they established diplomatic relations, however, conflict is now arising due to differences in opinion and interests in various fields such politics, economy, society, culture, diplomacy, and security. This paper will examine Sino-South Korean relations using the four factor model, which is based on four approaches, starting with economic relations, followed by perception and emotions, diplomacy and security and lastly, these factors" influence on domestic politics. Following this analysis, this paper will argue that despite their continuous but rocky developments, Sino-South Korean relations will sustainably maintain their development. Considering the synergy effect of bilateral relations, two countries are standing on the opportunity to build a New Type of Sino-South Korean relations which would allow for resolution of conflicts and misunderstandings through dialogue and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A Q Methodology Analysis of Chinese Policy Makers' Perceptions of China's Foreign Policy Decision-Making Process concerning South Korea's THAAD Deployment.
- Author
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Long Piao and Kwangho Jung
- Subjects
Q technique ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,POLICY analysis ,CHINESE people ,BUREAUCRACY ,DECISION making - Abstract
This paper explores the diverse ways Chinese policymakers view the foreign policy process in China. Two approaches characterize conventional accounts of the foreign policy decision-making process. One of these, based on Graham Allison's rational, organizational, and bureaucratic politics models, focuses on intragovernmental aspects of foreign policy decision-making processes, while the other highlights extra-governmental domestic and foreign factors. However, these approaches have neglected the question of who leads foreign policy and how state, society, and grassroots interact through coalition. We interviewed Chinese scholars and foreign policy experts using Q statements to explore China's foreign policy response to South Korea's deployment of THAAD. Our findings offer new theoretical insights into China's foreign policy process by identifying state-driven, grassroots-based, and state-society coalition models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. From Dependence to Autonomy. The Development of Asian Universities.
- Author
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Altbach, Philip G., Selvaratnam, Viswanathan, Altbach, Philip G., and Selvaratnam, Viswanathan
- Abstract
A collection of works on the development of Asian universities is presented, focusing on an aspect of higher education not previously analyzed: the contemporary impact of Western academic systems in Asia. Eleven papers fall into three sections following the introduction, "Twisted Roots: The Western Impact on Asian Higher Education," (P. Altabach). The sections are: (1) The Non-Colonial Experience: "China's Universities and Western Academic Models" (R. Hayhoe); "Looking West and East: Thailand's Academic Development" (K. Watson); and "Independence and Choice: Western Impacts on Japanese Higher Education" (S. Nakayama); (2) The European Colonial Tradition: "The Western Impact on Philippine Higher Education" (A. Gonzalez); "The Origin of Modern Indonesian Higher Education" (W. Cummings and S. Kasenda); "Indian Higher Education: Colonialism and Beyond" (A. Basu); "Change Amidst Continuity: University Development in Malaysia" (V. Selvaratnam); and "University Education in Singapore: The Making of a National University" (S. Gopinathan); and (3) The Japanese Colonial Impact: "The Emergence of the Modern University in Korea" (S. Lee); and The Development of Higher Education in Taiwan" (W. Wu, S. Chen, and C. Wu). (SM)
- Published
- 1989
9. Neighbors Are Charming to Each Other? A Study of South Korea-China Mutual Perception.
- Author
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Jih-Un Kim
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *GREAT powers (International relations) - Abstract
China has highlighted the "peaceful rise (heping jueqi)" in its projection of power, and the slogan will be retained during the second-term of Hu Jintao after the 17th National Party Congress. To corroborate the ideas, the country has been adopting various "soft power (ruan shili)" tools, and, in Asia at least, China's "charm offensive" has been working effectively, according to Joshua Kurlantzick.Recently, however, the ascendancy of China's soft power has been challenged in one of its neighboring countries, South Korea. The perception of South Koreans regarding China has been skewed to be negative for the past couple of years. On the other hand, in China, the "Korean Cultural Wave (hanliu)" has apparently started its ebb and has frequently faced "anti-hanliu" discourses, which are an extension of Chinese nationalism, practically employed by the communist party of China. Against this backdrop, my paper will try to 1) elaborate the current mutual perception between Korea and China; 2) address major factors affecting the mutual perception; and, 3) discuss what is the significance of the changing mutual perception to the current and future relations between Korea and China.For this paper, I will mainly rely on archive research and interview. For example, I will exam Chinese and Korean journal articles, reports, and empirical survey data. Also, I will visit China and Korea this summer to conduct interviews with Korean and Chinese professors and bureaucrats. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
10. The Efficacy of Asymmetric Positive Sanctions: the Case of South Koreas Nordpolitik.
- Author
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Izumikawa, Yasuhiro
- Subjects
- *
DIPLOMACY , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL sanctions - Abstract
Explores the reasons for the successes of the diplomatic strategy known as nordpolitik in South Korea in the early 1990s. Sanctions and reward power in international politics; Causes of the efficacy of South Korea's nordpolitik toward the Soviet Union; Outcome of South Korea's nordpolitik toward China.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Air Pollution Coverage, Anti-Chinese Sentiment, and Attitudes Towards Foreign Policy in South Korea.
- Author
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Song, Esther E.
- Subjects
AIR pollution ,HOSTILITY ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,AIR pollutants ,CHINESE people ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
Air pollutants allegedly originating from China have become a thorny issue in South Korea. Despite a neutral view of the topic on the part of the South Korean government, recent public polls show a high correlation between the air pollution issue and negative sentiment toward China. How has the media reported on China regarding air pollutants in South Korea? What is the effect of media reports on air pollution on anti-Chinese sentiment and foreign policy attitudes? By examining news headlines and Twitter data in 2015 and 2018, this work finds that media reports blaming China for air pollution doubled during the 2015–2018 period. Discourse surrounding air pollution also shifted: negative sentiment directed at both the Chinese government and the Chinese people increased in 2018 compared to 2015. In addition, an original online survey experiment shows that China-blaming articles have a causal effect on increasing related resentment, particularly toward Chinese people, and that this effect is moderated by age group. Such articles have also had negative effects on foreign policy attitudes via increased anti-Chinese sentiment; greater hostility toward the Chinese people is found to have a causal effect on reduced support for strengthening relations with their country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Northeastern Asian Perceptions of China's Rise: To What Extent Does Economic Interdependence Work?
- Author
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Min Xia, Linan Jia, and Jie Chen
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,PUBLIC opinion ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
Does economic interdependence generate and foster positive attitudes among people? Few studies in the existing literature deal directly with this question. To fill this gap, this paper examines the economic relationships among China, Japan and South Koreaandthe resulting public opinions. We find that economic interdependence in Northeast Asiahas negatively influenced public opinion and hence increased tension and conflict among these states. Then, we draw some important political and theoretical implications from our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
13. Beijing 2008: Symbolic Hegemonic Assertion? South Korean Media Reactions and Responses to the Chinese Olympics.
- Author
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Mangan, J.A. and Ok, Gwang
- Subjects
MASS media & sports ,OLYMPIC Games (29th : 2008 : Beijing, China) ,SOUTH Korean foreign relations, 2002- ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,SPORTS & globalization ,CHINESE in sports ,SPORTS & state ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
The Beijing Olympics have been watched closely by the South Korean media. In this paper its response to anticipated Chinese dominance of the Games, not least on the part of women, will be monitored, collated and analysed. Of particular interest is the South Korean media's extrapolation of expected Chinese dominance to future geo-political circumstances in the Western Pacific Rim and the possible consequences for South Korea. Are the Beijing Olympics a harbinger of the changing nature of political relationships in the region? Is this a concern of the South Korean media? If so, what is the nature of this concern and how are future relations with the Asian nascent superpower viewed? And far from least, if Chinese women come out on top in the Games what will be the political consequences for gender outcomes for South Korea? Is this of interest to the South Korean media? If not then why not? Finally, with the balance of power slowly and steadily shifting in the Pacific Rim region what does the media consider that the anticipated dominance of China at the Games imply for the relationship between South Korea and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. North Korea and the Six-Party Process: Is a Multilateral Resolution of the Nuclear Issue Still Possible?
- Author
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Cotton, James
- Subjects
NUCLEAR weapons testing ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper traces the development of the Six-Party process through to the joint statement by the parties on September 19, 2005, considers the subsequent decision by North Korea to stage a nuclear test in the context of the apparent stasis of the process, and then reviews the international condemnation that was the result of those tests. North Korea's decision to return to the talks is then discussed in light of the policy issues that must be solved if the September 19 principles can be realized in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Possible Scenarios for China's Future Relations with North Korea: South Korean Perspective.
- Author
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Jaeho Hwang, Heungkyu Kim, Byung-kon Jun, and Myung-Chul Cho
- Subjects
SOUTH Korean foreign relations ,NUCLEAR weapons ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper is aimed at deriving possible scenarios for China's future relations with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and their implications for South Korea's policy stance. The paper offers seven scenarios that will help provide an understanding of what directions China might take in regard to North Korea, making a connection to the North Korea nuclear problem. The seven scenarios cover both optimistic and pessimistic possibilities, five of which are related to the resolution of the North Korea nuclear issue. These five scenarios are "Confusion and Chaos," "Agreement for Protection and Dependence," "Strategic Cooperation and Betrayal," "Hierarchical Subordination," and "China's Securing of Control over North Korea." The remaining two scenarios involve sudden contingencies: "Military Clash with Neighboring Countries" and "North Korea's Internal Contingency." The paper argues that the most plausible scenario is that of "Agreement for Protection and Dependence." However, when considering the U.S. factor, realistically, the fourth scenario of "Hierarchical Subordination" is more likely to come about. Given these projections, South Korea's policy toward China must be distinguished by a peacetime- and contingency-based policy. A peacetime policy toward China would serve to promote Chinese influence over the DPRK and thereby achieve a reliable level of predictability in North Korean behavior. Meanwhile, a contingency-based policy should be tailored to the contingency at hand on a case-by-case basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The Koguryo Controversy, National Identity, and Sino-Korean Relations Today.
- Author
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Gries, Peter Hays
- Subjects
ANCIENT civilization ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,IDENTITY politics ,NATIONALISM - Abstract
In July 2004, a Chinese claim that the ancient Kingdom of Koguryo (37 BC-AD 668) was China's vassal state ignited a firestorm of protest in South Korea. The decade-long South Korean love affair with China appears to have ended, as increasing numbers of South Koreans have begun to view their colossal neighbor with new suspicion. What were the causes and consequences of this controversy? Rather than forwarding the usual political, economic, and security explanations, this paper interrogates the deeper identity politics at stake, arguing that the Koguryo controversy implicates the very meaning of being Korean or Chinese in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. America's Views of China-South Korea Relations: Public Opinions and Elite Perceptions.
- Author
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Jae Ho Chung
- Subjects
SOUTH Korean foreign relations ,FOREIGN relations of the United States ,PUBLIC opinion ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper explores how Washington views the burgeoning across-the-board ties between Seoul and Beijing in the midst of the strained alliance relationship with the former. On the basis of poll and interview data, the paper demonstrates (1) average Americans' perceptual bias in favor of Europe and general lack of interest in Asian affairs at large, (2) Americans' (both public and elite) strong antipathy toward China and indifference to Korea, and (3) the potentially adverse impact of such perceptions on the future U.S.-Korea relations within the context of rapidly expanding Sino-Korean bilateralism. In the short run South Korea's strategic choice will be invariably to stick with the U.S.-centered alliance structure and, at the same time, to expand the burgeoning ties with China. South Korea's policy will increasingly resemble hedging. This approach will require much prudence. In the mid-term--by 2030--China's shadow over South Korea will perhaps have eclipsed that of the United States in Asia and, given that China may become a de factor "hegemonic" player in its traditional sphere of influence, the time will come when South Korea has to decide whether or not to jump on the Chinese bandwagon. Much of this, however, will certainly by largely predetermined in the next decade during which the future pattern of U.S.-China relations and the "revisionist" disposition of China will become increasingly manifest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Reshoring from China: comparing the economic statecraft of Japan and South Korea.
- Author
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Katada, Saori N., Lim, Ji Hye, and Wan, Ming
- Subjects
BUSINESS success ,ECONOMIC policy ,INDUSTRIAL policy ,PRIVATE sector ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This article examines the Japanese and South Korean governments' reshoring and diversification policies of supply chains especially away from China since the early 2010s, with particular attention to the measures taken under the 2020–21 pandemic. The article also explores how much Japanese and South Korean reshoring from China, a subset of foreign economic policy, counts as economic statecraft as a deliberate government attempt to achieve geopolitical objectives using 'economic' means. One would expect these governments, which innovated proactive industrial policies and guided the private sector to catch up with developed economies in the 20th century, to have an easy time encouraging businesses to re-shore. While these two governments have employed various policy instruments to shift their economic dependence away from China, there is only limited success in motivating businesses to return to their homeland. This leads to an intriguing departure in our understanding of the capacity of those two Asian nations, which used to be considered prototypical 'developmental states' where governments have significant influence over business behaviour. This research brings more nuance and complexity to prevailing state-as-unitary-actor assumption of the economic statecraft literature and advocates closer attention to domestic sources of foreign economic policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. COVID-19, Anti-Chinese Sentiment, and Foreign Policy Attitudes in South Korea.
- Author
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SONG, ESTHER E.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,COVID-19 ,XENOPHOBIA ,POLITICAL attitudes ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,PUBLIC support - Abstract
COVID-19 generated significant anti-Chinese sentiment in South Korea. Domestic elite-level narratives regarding China at the pandemic's onset were highly polarized: conservative parties advocated border shutdowns, emphasizing China as originating the virus, while progressive parties warned that this would incite xenophobia. Did these narratives shape anti-Chinese sentiment, and what are their foreign policy effects? Using social media data, I show that despite the polarized narratives at the elite level, attitudes of both conservative and progressive voters became unfavorable toward China following COVID-19's onset. Furthermore, statistical analyses of survey data show that this blame is strongly associated with negative perceptions of China. Although substantively not directly linked to foreign policy, blame of China is strongly associated with rejection of foreign policy alignment with China and a shift toward supporting alignment with the US. These results have implications for understanding public support of South Korea's foreign policy amid US--China bifurcation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. South Korea's Economic, Energy, and Strategic Relationships with Africa.
- Author
-
Tae-Hyung Kim
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Due to energy, economic, and strategic concerns, the African Continent has been attracting significant attention from the rest of the world. Countries in Asia are no exception to this growing tendency. Although there has been much discussion and analysis about such large Asian powers as China, India, and Japan's relationships with Africa, an analysis on South Korea, a medium power's, interactions with the African Continent has been absent. Like its neighbors, Seoul has been actively engaging with the Continent for various reasons, and their activities will only grow and be intensified. The paper seeks to analyze South Korea's economic, energy, and strategic relationships with Africa. First, it will provide a brief historical background. Then it will analyze the reasons behind Seoul's recent attention to the Continent. Evaluations of different issue areas will be followed. The paper will conclude with policy implications on Seoul's role in Africa in particular and a medium power's foreign policy in general. This study will contribute to the development of medium power foreign policy theory as well as the improvement of the relationships between South Korea and countries in Africa. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
21. Threat Perception and Cooperation in the Sino-ROK Relations.
- Author
-
Hyon Joo Yoo
- Subjects
- *
THREATS , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,SOUTH Korean foreign relations - Abstract
This paper examines South Korea?s threat perception toward the People?s Republic of China (PRC). First, it compares South Korea with East Asian countries including Japan and Southeast Asian states regarding the China threat discourse. It discovers reasons why the Republic of Korea (ROK) has been relatively reticent regarding the China threat, in contrast to other East Asian countries. Second, relying on the Walt?s Balance of Threat (BOT) theory, this paper studies how the BOT theory plays out in the South Korea?s view to the PRC. Lastly, it examines how the threat perception causes the cooperation between Seoul and Beijing. This paper provides two contributions to International Relations theory. First, it provides an opportunity to apply the Walt?s BOT theory to the East Asian case. It discovers why the BOT theory cannot exclusively account for the ROK-China case. Second, in contrast to previous studies that merely discover the balancing behavior in accordance to the levels of threat perception, this paper studies the linkage between threat perception and cooperation. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
22. South Korea's Rapprochement with China: Choice or Necessity?
- Author
-
Kim, Tae-Hyung
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *POLITICAL science , *SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
This paper will examine the surprisingly rapid process of South Korea's rapprochement with China in the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
23. Standardization of Panax ginseng: Current Status of Global Trade, Demands, and Development.
- Author
-
Fan, Jia-Wei, Xu, Xiao-Ting, Cheng, Han, Sang, Zhen, and Shi, Yan-Hong
- Subjects
SALES personnel ,HERBAL medicine ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ECONOMICS ,MARKETING ,BUSINESS ,RESEARCH funding ,NEW product development ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry ,ALTERNATIVE medicine ,GINSENG ,CHINESE medicine - Abstract
Panax ginseng, as a kind of rare and valuable Chinese materia medica with the largest global trade volume, has been widely applied in many fields, such as medicine, food, health care, and production of daily chemical products. It is widely used in Asia, Europe, and America. However, its global trade and standardization present different features and an uneven development in different countries or regions. As the main country for its production and consumption, Panax ginseng in China is characterized by its large cultivation area and high total yield and is mainly sold as a raw material or primary processed product. By contrast, Panax ginseng produced in South Korea is mainly sold in manufactured products. Besides, European countries, as another consumption market of Panax ginseng, pay more attention to the research and development of its products. Although Panax ginseng has been widely recorded in various national pharmacopoeias and regional standards, the current standards of Panax ginseng differ in quantity, composition, and distribution, and the existing standards cannot be enough to meet the demands of its global trade. Based on the above issues, we systemically summarized and analyzed the status and features of Panax ginseng standardization and put forward suggestions on the development needs of international standardization of Panax ginseng to guarantee its quality and safety, regulate the order of its global trade, and resolve trade disputes, thereby promoting the high-quality development of the Panax ginseng industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Democratization in East Asia: Divided Democracy Index and Religious Foudnation in East Asia.
- Author
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Fujiwara, Ikuro
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *ADMINISTRATIVE & political divisions , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *COLD War, 1945-1991 - Abstract
In East Asia, international politics is so intense based on the political division among nations. Korea is divided to North and South, China is politically divided, and Mongolian people live in part of China as inner Mongolia and outer Mongolia itself. The divided East Asia had long been categorized as non-democratic region, but after World War II, the U.S. occupation democratized Japan, and it became a fortress of democratization in the region in the following years in spite of the development of Cold War in East Asia. In this paper, various democratic indices are discussed first to evaluate the historical background and social entities on developing democratic society in East Asia: the indices are from Freedom House, Polity IV Project, and Arthur Banks. Although these Indices could not tell every democratic aspect of each society, but they are at least considered as a guidepost to take a close look at democratic transformation of East Asia. Secondly, the logit model on religious diversity is tested with socio-economic indices and democracy index. The result shows that Buddhism is not related with democracy significantly negatively nor positively. This indicates that democratization in East Asia holds East Asian religious culture would not directly confront the development of democratic politics and society. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
25. South Korea Responds to China.
- Author
-
Kang, David
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations ,SOUTH Korean foreign relations - Abstract
South Korea?s international position is a complex mix of pressures. Focused overwhelmingly on the last vestige of the Cold War ? its unresolved division of the peninsula into North and South ? South Korea must also manage its alliance with the United States, devise a modus vivendi with a massive and dynamic China, and resolve its relationship with Japan. To that end, over the past decade, a fairly clear South Korean grand strategy has emerged, one that emphasizes economic over military issues, accommodation rather than confrontation of China, and a slowly evolving alliance with the United States. The centerpiece of this grand strategy has been a strategy of engaging North Korea economically while downplaying the nuclear issue. This paper will make three main points. First, in terms of overall national security strategy, South Korea has committed itself to a strategy of interdependence and engagement with North Korea. As a result, South Korea?s engagement strategy will continue to have consequences for regional policy toward North Korea, for the U.S. role in the region, and for China?s influence. Second, South Korea?s development has depended on being deeply engaged in the regional and global economy, and this orientation has actually increased in the wake of the Asian financial crisis a decade ago. Indeed, South Korea ? as with many East Asian states ? has increasingly begun to look regionally for its economic partners, especially to China, and away from the United States. Third, South Korea firmly desires to continue its close relationship with the United States. However, South Korea?s national priorities are regional, and differ from Washington?s global priorities. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
26. Is China a Conservative Power to South Korea? -A Discussion of Sino-South Korea Relations in IR Theoretical Framework.
- Author
-
Jih-Un Kim
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *LIBERALISM , *SOCIALIZATION , *PESSIMISM - Published
- 2011
27. Placed in attachment and estrangement: Relationship between China and South Korea.
- Author
-
Hyon Joo Yoo
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *POWER (Social sciences) ,SOUTH Korean foreign relations - Abstract
Why is it that China and South Korea, which had fought each other and ignored forty seven years and whose counter-alliance makes each other security competitors, suddenly recognized one another, established formal relationship in 1992, and become cooperative politically and economically? A conventional wisdom purports that a recent development of the Sino-South Korean relationship comes from the economic interests and cultural ties. This paper, however, argues that the relationship of China and South Korea comes from the success of small power politics. South Korea, as small power, hedges against the threat from the rising China by maintaining the alliance with America, while she leads China to become a benign power in the Asian region. With Chinese benign and defensive intention, China and South Korea immerse themselves in economic and political cooperation. On the other hand, China is wary of the attachment of South Korea and maintains a distance from South Korea, due to US-South Korea alliance. In order for China not to drift apart, South Korean government uses proactive policy by courting China with economic engagement. The attachment and estrangement in the relationship between China and South Korea, therefore, depends on South Korea?s efforts to reduce the discrepancy that both China and South Korea face. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
28. Traditional East Asian Structure from the Perspective of Sino-Korean Relations.
- Author
-
Feng Zhang
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINA-Korea relations ,SOUTH Korean foreign relations - Abstract
The structure of the traditional East Asian system has been regarded as hierarchic by a number of scholars. Based on a case study of Sino-Korean relations during the early Ming dynasty (1368-1424), I argue that this is a dubious interpration. In fact, China failed to create authority over Korea. Korea adopted various strategies to deal with a preponderant China. The structure is best characterized as an attenuated anarchy. I also offer an interpretation of the Sino-Korean tribute system. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
29. Is a pluralistic security community developing Northeast Asia? A case study on peaceful behavioral change between China, South Korea and Japan: From 1990 to 2005.
- Author
-
Yamauchi, Makiko
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *REGIONAL cooperation - Abstract
Northeast Asia is often regarded as having an uneasy atmosphere, with tensions between the countries making the region sometimes look unpeaceful. North Korean arms tests and other aggressive gestures also contribute to this view, as well as tensions between Taiwan and the People's Republic of China. My study tries to look closer at the development of the relations between the most important states in the region, China, Japan and South Korea, assuming that the above-mentioned conflicts are not dominating the relations between the three countries. The study tries to assess changes in the triadic and dyadic relations which don not get as much attention as the conflicts, but will also have an impact on the future relations in the region.These changes are studied by using the concept of Security Community that has been first developed by Karl W. Deutsch and later been elaborated by Emanuel Adler and Michael Barnett. The larger goal of my study is to examine the long term stability of the peace between the three countries. A pluralistic Security Community is defined as a community of states having "dependable expectations of peaceful change". Whilst Deutsch developed the concept of the Security Community with reference to the North Atlantic region, Adler and Barnett and Amitav Acharya expanded the scope of the concept to other regions in the world. They also based it on constructivist ideas, giving it more theoretical rigidity, and added the idea of a development pattern with different stages in building a Security Community from nascent to mature. This now allows to study Security Communities that have not fully developed yet, such as in Northeast Asia. Following this concept, the key factors in the development of a Security Community are transactions, norms and institutions. In my work I study the changing relations of the three countries by looking at changes in these factors in different issue areas, with special focus on the development in the maritime domain, which seems to display a case of change towards closer co-operation. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
30. An Examination on the International Anti Corruption Issues: Comparison of the Perspectives of South Korea, China, and Japan.
- Author
-
Sang-Hwan Lee
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL corruption , *ECONOMIC development , *DEMOCRACY , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Northeast Asian countries, which consist of a former socialist (China) and two capitalist (South Korea and Japan) countries with large populations, have become the fast-growing economies. They have shown relatively high levels of corruption situation in comparison with their economic influences in world economy. Specially, China is facing a serious corruption problem which prevents politico-economic development and social consensus in the long run.Recently, the hypothesis that a market-oriented democracy is the best model for economic development is accepted among many scholars. It suggests that the strategies for economic growth should be based on market principles and political democratization in the long term. From the perception that market-oriented democracy is the best solution for economic development, people in Northeast Asian countries recognize that state intervention, which undermines a self-regulating market, should be minimized in the economic sectors, and bureaucratic corruption that hinders socio-cultural progress should be eliminated in every sphere of society.Market-democracy advocates argue that the fundamental causes of Northeast Asian countries corruption originate from the immaturity of political democratization. They propose the formation of Northeast Asian anti-corruption regime as a desirable instrument of improving their corruption levels. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
31. China's Charm Offensive in South Korea and Its Impact on the United States.
- Author
-
Zhiqun Zhu and Jih-Un Kim
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This research focuses on China's efforts to improve and consolidate relations with South Korea and their limitation. How is China enhancing its soft power in South Korea? Is China charming enough to South Korea as to influence the bilateral relations between South Korea and the United States? ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
32. Identity and Change in East Asian Conflicts: Comparing the China-Taiwan and Korean Conflicts.
- Author
-
Horowitz, Shale and Tan, Alexander C.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *FINANCIAL liberalization , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Since the 1980s, changing national identities have transformed the China-Taiwan and Korean conflicts. Democratization in Taiwan and South Korea, and liberalization in China, have forced leaders to compete for popular legitimacy by appealing to national identities. Along with the collapse of the Soviet Union, these contested national identities have been the main factors driving change in the conflictsâpushing China and Taiwan inexorably apart and toward a showdown, while helping to sustain what appeared to be a mortally wounded North Korea. This explains why one U.S. ally, Taiwan, has become more hawkish, while the other, South Korea, has turned more dovish. These foreign policy changes, in turn, have reinforced changes in underlying national identities. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
33. The China Policy of the Yoon Government and South Korea-China Relations.
- Author
-
Heung kyu Kim
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy ,MILITARY readiness ,PREPAREDNESS ,REGIONAL cooperation ,RETRIBUTION ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The Korean peninsula has never managed to safely avoid the repercussions of hegemonic struggles or power transitions between great regional powers. Yoon's foreign and security policies are heavily dependent on the ROK-US alliance. The most serious foreign and security challenges facing the Yoon government will likely come from South Korea-China relations. Examining various scenarios in the era of the US-China strategic competition, it is imperative for the Yoon government to pursue a strategy of 'pro-U.S. and harmonious relations with China (親美和中).' South Korea must actively pursue a policy of regional security cooperation, multilateralism, and coalition among middle powers in order to alleviate the risks of abandonment and entrapment vis-à-vis the U.S. on the one hand and to defend against and prevent interference and retribution by China on the other. As the Yoon administration has stressed, transforming the U.S.-South Korea alliance into a comprehensive global alliance and cooperating closely with the U.S. on security as well as key strategic industries is unavoidable. But the strategic cooperative partnership with China also needs to be respected. At a minimum, a situation in which the South Korea-China relationship devolves into a hostile one needs to be avoided. There is a need to strengthen communication and cooperation with China in non-strategic areas and non-traditional security. At the same time, military and security preparedness needs to be enhanced in preparation for drastic changes to the regional security environment in Northeast Asia. New security issues such as health, cyber, the environment, and climate change are areas in which cooperation with both the U.S. and China can be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Ethnoscapes, Mediascapes, and Ideoscapes: Socio-Cultural Relations between South Korea and China.
- Author
-
Jong-Ho Jeong
- Subjects
SOUTH Korean foreign relations, 2002- ,CHINESE foreign relations, 1976- ,INTERNATIONAL conflict ,GLOBALIZATION ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Since the normalization of the diplomatic relationship between South Korea and China in 1992, there has been an active interaction between the two countries which goes beyond differences in political, economic, social, and cultural systems. The astonishing growth in South Korea-China relations, however, has also increased areas in which conflict and clash may occur. In particular, the socio-cultural interaction between the two countries has created new identities, images, ideas and discourses, subsequently increasing the areas of conflict and clash. Based on Appadurai's discussion of the transnational interaction in the globalization process, the present paper analyzes the sociocultural relationship between South Korea and China, focusing on ethnoscapes, mediascapes, and ideoscapes, which are especially important in looking at socio-cultural dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
35. The Role of China's Local Governments on Sino-South Korean Diplomatic Normalization: A Case Study of Shandong Province.
- Author
-
Qi Huai-gao
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,POLITICAL science ,FEDERAL government ,DIPLOMACY - Abstract
Based on the theory of sub-national governments' foreign affairs, this paper analyzes the role played by China's local governments at the time when China's central government was formulating polices to establish diplomatic relations with South Korea. China's local governments, with Shandong Province in particular, made strong attempts to lobby the central government on the economic need for enlarging bilateral trade and drawing investment from South Korea. These efforts played an active role on Sino-South Korean diplomatic normalization and further advanced the realization of diplomatic contacts already underway. Shandong Province's case shows that sub-national governments have been playing ever more important roles in China's overall diplomacy since the Reform and Opening Up for the economy, which began in 1978. In the multi-fold policy-making process by the central and local governments, it appears that the central government needs to respond to the reasonable interest case for engagement made by sub-national governments. How to accommodate the policy interests of the central and sub-national government entities is an important problem facing China's future diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
36. Prospects for China's North Korea Strategy in the Post-Kim Jong-il Era and Implications for South Korea.
- Author
-
Myeong-hae Choi
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,NATIONAL interest ,PRACTICAL politics ,BUFFER states (International relations) ,POLITICAL development - Abstract
This paper asserts that with the advent of the post-Kim Jong-il era, China will advance from its previous role of mere balancer and seek to become a more active manager in pursuit of its own national interests. China hopes for a softer, more stable North Korean regime, so that a mutually beneficial partnership can develop between the two states. China believes that it must adjust and take on a new role in the process of North Korea's "normalization." China also expects that by adopting this new role, it can restructure North Korea into a strategic buffer zone in the long term. This Chinese perspective can be seen as not merely an attempt to manage the situation, but rather a visionary approach toward the North Korean issue. This is expected to spark considerable controversy within South Korea concerning its Chinese policy. From a progressive viewpoint, the new Chinese approach concerning the stabilization of the North Korean region, the softening of the North Korean regime, and the development of mutually beneficial relations, resembles the Sunshine Policy of South Korea in certain aspects. But from a conservative perspective, while there has been a noticeable shift in China's attitude toward North Korea, there is no detectable change in its actual North Korea policy. For the conservatives, China's approach to North Korea is likely to be seen as an attempt to expand its influence on the Korean peninsula for self-gain. These changes will be intertwined with the political schedule of South Korea and may incite social controversy over what kind of strategic position South Korea should occupy between the U.S. and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
37. CHINA'S PRAGMATIC SECURITY POLICY: THE MIDDLE-POWER FACTOR.
- Author
-
Tow, William and Rigby, Richard
- Subjects
CHINESE foreign relations, 1976- ,MIDDLE powers ,BALANCE of power ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,AUSTRALIAN foreign relations, 1945- ,SOUTH Korean foreign relations, 2002- - Abstract
The article presents an overview and analysis of the foreign policy stance taken by China since the mid-1990s. Various outside perceptions of China's power and influence are reviewed. The nation's deliberate adherence to a "middle power" strategy of fostering a global image of caution and pragmatism in security issues is introduced and explained. Further analysis is offered relating this doctrine to those of Australia and South Korea, showing where their respective approaches to the region's geopolitics are in agreement and in conflict.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Sino-ROK Relations at a Crossroads: Looming Tensions amid Growing Interdependence.
- Author
-
Taeho Kim
- Subjects
SOUTH Korean foreign relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,NUCLEAR weapons - Abstract
For the past 12 years, China and South Korea have significantly improved their bilateral ties--to such an extent that China is now South Korea's largest trading partner. Furthermore, China's role is essential to any progress in the ongoing Six-Party Talks over the North Korean nuclear issue. On the other hand, there also exists a growing yet little-discussed list of potential problems and issues underlying their otherwise prosperous relationship. Prime examples include the North Korean "refugees" in China, the history of Goguryeo, and the longer-term "China's rise." In short, the current state of Sino-South Korean relationship can be likened to standing right in the eye of the typhoon without knowing where the shelter is. This paper attempts to shed some light on these little-discussed yet highly consequential aspects of the Sino-South Korean relationship, not only by addressing their 12-year ties but also by gauzing their future ties in a balanced and comprehensive manner. Overall, it poses a critical question: How would the China factor play out in South Korea's future security environment and in the evolving U.S.-South Korean relationship? Its conclusions can be summed up as follows: The seeming "convergence" of interests between Beijing and Seoul in many aspects of their bilateral ties does not necessarily mean that the former is supportive of South Korea's major policy goals--especially when they come to concrete issues or longer-term questions on the Korean peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Korean experience in FDI and Sino-Korean relations.
- Author
-
Sung Woong Hong and Chang Ho Yim
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Focuses on the effects of the outbound foreign direct investment (FDI)) from Korean. Economic growth in Korea; Factors which contributed to the compressed economic development process; Characteristics of Korean outbound FDI; Motives for Korean manufacturing firms to invest abroad; Information on the foreign investments by Korean firms; Trade relationship between Korea and socialist countries; Trade between China and South Korea.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Northeast Asian Perspectives on China's Belt Road Initiative: the View from South Korea.
- Author
-
Hwang, Balbina Y.
- Subjects
SOCIAL stability ,BELT & Road Initiative ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This article examines South Korea's response to BRI, focusing on former President Park Geun-hye's "Eurasia Initiative" as well as current President Moon Jae-In's "New Southern Policy." Given Beijing's preoccupation with political and social stability both domestically as well as in neighboring countries, it argues that there is little doubt that for Beijing economic goals are subordinate components of broader national goals, which in turn formulate the basis for geopolitical calculations. BRI represents an attempt by Beijing's leadership to shape the rules and norms governing the surrounding regions to better reflect their own preferences. Following Xi Jinping's launch of BRI, Seoul announced the Eurasia Initiative (EAI) as its own vision for an East-West connection. In calling for a revival of the ancient Silk Road, President Park's main goal was to foster a flow of economic, political, and social interaction from Europe though the Korean Peninsula. Her policy was driven primarily by political and security motives concerning the division of the Peninsula. Park's successor, President Moon announced his own foreign policy initiative, the New Southern Policy (NSP), which seeks to strengthen relations with Southeast Asia while continuing to manage relations with Northeast Asia. While NSP at first sight might suggest a new policy direction, the article argues that both EAI and NSP ultimately have sought to change dynamics on the Korean Peninsula and work toward peace with the North. Both policies reflect the Korean fear of vulnerability to great power competition, seeking to foster relations with smaller powers so as to increase Seoul's foreign policy leverage as a middle power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. China accuses U.S. of exploiting sinking of S. Korean warship to create turmoil in North.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,POLITICAL stability ,WARSHIPS - Abstract
The article discusses the accusation made by two Chinese state-run media, "Global Times" and "People's Daily," that the U.S. and South Korea are using the sinking of the South Korean warship, Cheonan, as an excuse to create instability in North Korea. According to newspapers, the military exercises by U.S. and South Korea were not meant to deter North Korea from such incidents. The papers says that China should be careful of the U.S. goal to put the Korean Peninsula under its influence.
- Published
- 2010
42. A Tortured Relic.
- Author
-
Gauthier, Brandon K.
- Subjects
KOREAN War, 1950-1953 ,PRISONER-of-war camps ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Drawing on national and local news stories, newly declassified documents, u.s. prisoner of war (POW) memoirs, and popular films, this article argues that the legacy of the Korean War in the United States from 1953 to 1962 dramatically shaped how Americans imagined the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). It specifically examines how media portrayals of North Korean atrocities, the alleged misconduct of u.s. captives, and the relationship between the People's Republic of China and the DPRK affected public perceptions of "North Korea" as a subjective construct. The painful legacy of the Korean War, particularly the experience of u.s. POWS , encouraged Americans to think of North Korea as an inherently violent foe and as part of a broader "Oriental Communist" enemy in the Cold War. When the experiences of u.s. soldiers contradicted these narratives, media sources often made distinctions between 'Worth Koreans," a repugnant racial and ideological "other," and "north Koreans," potential u.s. friends and allies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Structuring Foreign Private Equity and Sovereign Fund Investments from Selected Asian Countries into Canada.
- Author
-
Roberge, Chris, Magnan, Claude, and Ong, Tan
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN investments - Abstract
The article presents information on the foreign policy and the outbound investment from the Asian countries namely China, India, South Korea and Singapore to Canada. It discusses the tax issues regarding the foreign investments from these countries into Canada and also discusses its effect on Canadian tax. Information on the investment relationships of Canada and the Asian countries is also presented.
- Published
- 2010
44. Reluctant Flexibility Caused by Abandonment Fears: A Theoretical Analysis of South Korea's Approach toward China in the 1970s and the Early 1980s.
- Author
-
Yoo Hyon Joo
- Subjects
POLITICAL science ,NATIONAL security ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
While many scholars and pundits have explored bilateral relations between South Korea and the People's Republic of China during the past few decades, they have paid relatively little attention to the Cold War period. Specifically, there is a lack of studies about why the government of Seoul employed a conciliatory policy toward Beijing from the beginning of the 1970s, despite China's strong ties with North Korea that posed grave threats to Seoul. Although the power-based argument purports that the U.S.-Sino rapprochement exerted a considerable influence on South Korea's strategic calculation, it underestimates the fact that the South felt increased insecurity after the international détente. This article attempts to offer theoretical explanations for why South Korea initiated a flexible approach toward China in the 1970s and the early 1980s. First, by narrowing the scope of the alliance security dilemma to small powers, it sheds light on significant elements that have an influence on abandonment fears by small powers. Second, this article demonstrates how the theory explains the case of South Korea, relying on declassified documents and recent works. Finally, it discusses the relevance of theoretical elements to the present time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
45. Dual Identity and Issue Localization: East Asia in Global Governance.
- Author
-
Il Hyun Cho
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,CLIMATE change ,PEACEKEEPING forces ,NUCLEAR nonproliferation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,GROSS domestic product - Abstract
This article examines the sources and consequences of East Asia's participation in global governance. Despite the rhetoric of global contribution, the article argues that global governance issues are reframed in East Asia to better suit domestic and regional priorities. Specifically, two underlying mechanisms are at work to complicate, and often render ineffective, East Asia's foray into global governance: (1) the conflicting identities of the three countries at the regional and global levels; and (2) the localization of global governance issues. By examining the global role of China, Japan, and South Korea in climate change, peacekeeping, nuclear nonproliferation, the article shows how the shared desire of enhancing global status in East Asia is tempered by the politics of dual identity and issue localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Chinese Nationalism, a False Alarm for Korea-The Case of the Beijing Olympics -.
- Author
-
Kim, Jih-Un
- Subjects
NATIONALISM ,CHINA-Korea relations ,SOUTH Korean foreign relations, 2002- ,OLYMPIC Games (29th : 2008 : Beijing, China) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,NATIONALISM & culture - Abstract
Chinese popular nationalism has been spotlighted as a source of the 'China Threat' in interpreting the country's foreign policies by China scholars, especially, so-called constructivist pessimists. However, the applicability of this interpretation is quite limited when Sino-South Korea relations are examined. Though it is true that the anti-Korean sentiment of the Chinese has seriously grown in recent years, it has not affected the government's foreign policies to Korea. On the contrary, it has been played down or counter-balanced by the government, its media, and academics of China, as the period around the 2008 Beijing Olympics, when negative feelings surged, clearly illustrates. Chinese nationalism is not a threat to South Korea and cannot be generalized as a variable explaining Chinese foreign policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Inter-Korean and Cross-Strait Relations through the Window of Regional Integration Theories.
- Author
-
Im, Hyug-Baeg and Yu-Jeong Choi
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,NORTH Korea-South Korea relations ,CHINA-Taiwan relations ,FUNCTIONALISM (Social sciences) ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration - Abstract
The article focuses on the relation between China and Taiwan, as well as South and North Korea. It examines the success of China and Taiwan in functionalist cooperation and exchange despite its failure to shift economic cooperation into political cooperation through a neo-functionalist political package deal. It also explores aspects that influence the regression of the economic cooperation and human exchanges between North and South Korea. It notes the move of China and Taiwan in utilizing functionalism to augment economic cooperation without touching the issue of sovereignty. Furthermore, it cites integration patterns of divided countries basing on inter-Korean and cross-Strait relations, and discusses their implications on regional integration theories.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Russia and the Six-Party Process in Korea.
- Author
-
Kim, Younkyoo and Blank, Stephen
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,RUSSIAN foreign relations, 1991- - Abstract
Moscow wants a seat at the table when the future of the Korean peninsula is on the agenda, but Russia's political and economic weakness undercuts its political and economic ambitions in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Between Balancing and Bandwagoning: South Korea's Response to China.
- Author
-
Kang, David C.
- Subjects
BALANCE of power ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,SOUTH Korean foreign relations, 2002- ,CHINESE foreign relations, 1976- - Abstract
Why has South Korea accommodated China, instead of fearing its growth and balancing against it? This article makes two central arguments. First, concepts of balancing and bandwagoning are fundamentally difficult to test, and to the extent that the theory can be tested, it appears to be wrong in the case of South Korea. In fact, we observe many cases in which rising powers are neither balanced nor "bandwagoned" but are simply accommodated with no fundamental change either way in military stance or alignment posture. Second, the factors that explain South Korean foreign policy orientation toward China are as much about interests as they are about material power. South Korea sees substantially more economic opportunity than military threat associated with China's rise; but even more importantly, South Korea evaluates China's goals as not directly threatening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. South Korea and China's Security Objectives in East Asia.
- Author
-
Ong, Russell
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,SOUTH Korean foreign relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This article explores how South Korea relates to China's national security objectives in East Asia. Specifically, it argues that for China, the strategic value of South Korea lies in coping with the strong position of the US in East Asia. Moreover, South Korea's stance on the North Korean nuclear issue is closer to China's, compared with that of the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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