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Insect tea is consumed as a health beverage in China. The insect tea primary leaf (ITPL) is rich in bioactive substances, which are also used as traditional Chinese medicine. This study investigated the role of ITPL in reducing the oxidative response induced by D‐galactose in mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with D‐galactose to induce oxidative damage. The effect of ITPL was tested by pathological observation, serum detection with kits, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. The experimental results show that ITPL increased the thymus, brain, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney indices of oxidized mice. ITPL increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione levels and reduced nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in the serum, liver, and spleen in oxidative damaged mice. The pathological observations show that ITPL reduced the oxidative damage of the liver and spleen in mice induced with D‐galactose. Simultaneously, ITPL upregulated mRNA expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cuprozinc‐superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme oxygenase‐1, nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 related factor 2, γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1, and downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver and spleen of oxidized mice. ITPL had beneficial preventive effects on the oxidative damage caused by D‐galactose in mice and was more effective as an antioxidant than vitamin C. The component analysis test by high‐performance liquid chromatography indicated that ITPL contained the following seven compounds: neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, kaempferin, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, and hesperidin. ITPL is a plant with excellent antioxidant activities derived from its bioactive substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Malus pumila leaves are used as a kind of tea drink in China, and there are abundant flavonoids in the leaves of Malus pumila. In this study, BALB/c mice received senna extract solution via gavage, which induced acute diarrhea, and the interventive effect of Malus pumila leaf flavonoids (MPLF) was observed. The results showed that MPLF decreased the diarrhea index, and MPLF also decreased the capillary permeability in the abdominal cavity of mice. The result of serum cytokine detection indicated that MPLF decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL‐6), interleukin 12 (IL‐12), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). The results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated that diarrhea decreased the mRNA and protein expression of aquaporin‐3 (AQP3) in the jejunum and aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) in the ileum, which were inhibited by MPLF. By high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), MPLF mainly contains 10 flavonoids, which are rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, taxifolin, quercitrin, hesperidin, myricetin, baicalin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and quercetin, the synergistic effect of these components plays an antidiarrhea role in MPLF. Therefore, MPLF achieved good antidiarrheal effect, which was better than that of the commonly used montmorillonite powder at the same concentration. MPLF is a natural raw material for functional food with an antidiarrheal effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]