Search

Background: Obstructed labor is one of the five major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. In Ethiopia, it accounts for 19.1% of maternal death. The current review aimed to assess maternal and perinatal outcomes of obstructed labor in Ethiopia. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for this systematic review and meta-analysis. A literature search was made using PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Summon country-specific search, and Cochrane Libraries' online databases. Search terms were adverse outcome, obstructed labor, maternal outcome, fetal outcome, and Ethiopia. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS), based on a star scoring system, was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 16 software. The pooled prevalence of an adverse maternal outcome, fetal outcome, and association between adverse outcome and obstructed labor was calculated using a random-effects model. Egger's test and funnel plot were used to evaluate publication bias. Result: Eighty-seven studies were included in this review, with an overall sample size of 104259 women and 4952 newborns. The pooled incidence of maternal death was estimated to be 14.4% [14.14 (6.91–21.37). The pooled prevalence of uterine rupture and maternal near-miss was 41.18% (95% CI: 19.83, 62.54) and 30.5% [30.5 (11.40, 49.59) respectively. Other complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis, obstetric fistula, hysterectomy, bladder injury, cesarean section, and labor abnormalities were also reported. The pooled prevalence of perinatal death was 26.4% (26.4 (95% CI 15.18, 37.7). In addition, the association of obstructed labor with stillbirth, perinatal asphyxia, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid was also demonstrated. Conclusions: In Ethiopia, the incidence of perinatal and maternal mortality among pregnant women with obstructed labor was high. The rate of maternal death and maternal near miss reported in this review was higher than incidences reported from high-income and most low and middle-income countries. Uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis, fistula, hysterectomy, and bladder injury were also commonly reported. To improve the health outcomes of obstructed labor, it is recommended to address the three delay models: enhancing communities' health-seeking behavior, enhancing transportation for an obstetric emergency with different stakeholders, and strengthening the capacity of health facilities to handle obstetric emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Delays in care have been recognized as a significant contributor to maternal mortality in low-resource settings. The non-pneumatic antishock garment is a low-cost first-aid device that can help women with obstetric haemorrhage survive these delays without long-term adverse effects. Extending professionals skills and the establishment of new technologies in basic healthcare facilities could harvest the enhancements in maternal outcomes necessary to meet the sustainable development goals. Thus, this study aims to assess utilization of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment to control complications of post-partum hemorrhage and associated factors among obstetric care providers in public health institutions of Southern Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 obstetric health care providers from March 15 –June 30, 2020. A simple random sampling method was used to select the study participants. The data were collected through a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify determinants for the utilization of non-pneumatic antishock garment. STATA version 16 was used for data analysis. A P-value of < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: Overall, 48.5% (95%CI: 43.73, 53.48%) of the obstetric care providers had utilized Non pneumatic antishock garment for management of complications from postpartum hemorrhage. Training on Non pneumatic antishock garment (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.74, 4.92), working at hospital (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.16), good knowledge about NASG (AOR = 1.997; 95%CI: 1.16, 3.42) and disagreed and neutral attitude on Non pneumatic antishock garment (AOR = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.24, 0.68), and (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.73), respectively were significantly associated with obstetric care provider's utilization of Non-pneumatic antishock garment. Conclusions: In the current study, roughly half of the providers are using Non-pneumatic antishock garment for preventing complications from postpartum hemorrhage. Strategies and program initiatives should focus on strengthening in-service and continuous professional development training, thereby filling the knowledge and attitude gap among obstetric care providers. Health centers should be targeted in future programs for accessibility and utilization of non-pneumatic antishock garment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Globally, more than 257 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa and Asia. The nationwide disease burden of chronic HBV in Ethiopia is estimated to be approximately 8%. Thus, determining the factors associated with HBsAg seroprevalence in different geographical settings and in different population sub-groups is paramount in designing appropriate preventative measures. Aim of the research: To identity the burden of hepatitis B surface antigen sero-prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinka Hospital among pregnant mothers. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was administered by an interviewer and used to collect the data. Serum was obtained from each study subject and used to test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kit. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to determine the degree of association. Results: The HBsAg seroprevalence was nine percent. Scarification (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.43, 95% CI: 1.77-11.06), having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 4.70, 95% CI: 1.66-13.29), and having a sexually transmitted infection in the past (AOR = 5.57, 95% CI: 2.35-13.17) were significantly associated with HBsAg seroprevalence. Conclusions: The HBsAg seroprevalence among pregnant women was high according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria. The study identified different factors associated with HBsAg seroprevalence. A properly designed intervention strategy that will lead to reduction of HBsAg seroprevalence, including routine screenings and vaccinations, is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]