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Research papers published by Chinese and Indian researchers during 1998-2007 and cited at least 100 times by end of 2009 are analysed. There were 776 papers with at least one author from India (amounting to 0.32% of all papers from India) and 2260 papers with at least one author from China (0.4% of all papers from China) that have gone on to be cited at least 100 times. We have identified prominent authors and institutions, journals used and fields of research. Although highly cited Chinese papers were cited on average less often than the highly cited papers from India, Chinese authors have been able to place their papers in high impact journals such as Nature and Science far more often than Indian authors. The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore are the prominent Indian institutions, whereas universities in Hong Kong, Peking University, Tshing Hua University and several institutions under the Chinese Academy of Science dominate in China. In terms of citations, Chinese National Human Genome Centre Shanghai, Shanghai, tops the list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the development process of building cable structures in China over the past 70 years according to three stages: the initial, slow, and rapid development. It also summarizes the types of cable components and joints of building cable structures. The structural characteristics and representative projects of suspension, cable membrane, beam string (cable-supported), and cable dome structures are reviewed in this paper. Finally, the achievements and prospects of cable structures in China are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space grid structures are widely used in the field of structural engineering due to their good mechanical properties and simple construction procedures. This paper reviews the development of space grid structures and mainly introduces the development of space grid structures in China in recent years. Some typical applications of space grid structures are introduced and the technical developments are summarized. It shows that China not only has a large number of engineering applications of space grid structures, but also a rapid development of related technologies. Finally, some prospects for space grid structures are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 geological storage projects are an essential tool for China to achieve the double carbon target of energy savings and emission reductions. In order to safely and effectively control the implementation of injection projects and monitor the dynamics of CO2 injection, multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary monitoring tools are required. Among them, microseismic monitoring is a key technology for predicting reservoir dynamics and reflecting reservoir geomechanical behavior. Such monitoring has been carried out previously for reservoirs in other countries, but experimental projects are also gradually being developed in China. In this paper, we focus on the research and analysis results of microseismic monitoring of carbon storage projects in various work areas. For different reservoir conditions, we explore combinations of the monitoring implementation methods in China, comparing the differences in each work area. We propose a joint well and ground microseismic monitoring method and a multi-spatial and multi-physical field coupling research system for use in the implementation of domestic demo projects for the future research and development of microseismic monitoring of carbon storage projects. The monitoring program can meet the requirements for certain periodic repeated or continuous observations and can intelligently assess the risk and handle the alert behavior. The foundation is laid for the development of the future microseismic monitoring technology to achieve the goal of developing cost-controllable, permanent, and real-time monitoring equipment. The application of the monitoring system in China has been effective, and this experience can contribute to the development of injection engineering in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, with the leap-forward development of computer technology and the transformation of information technology management concepts, China's construction industry is quietly entering the era of refined management. Accurate estimation and cost control have become among the key considerations of the construction industry. For the calculation of engineering quantity, there are already many software devices that can be used for the calculation of engineering structure quantity, which means that the incorrect operation of personnel has been reduced to some extent, improving the work efficiency and measurement accuracy. The purpose of this paper is to solve the problems of computational missing, computational errors, inefficiency, data loss, and repetitive system in traditional computing based on the advantages of BIM computing system, which provide a reliable basis for cost forecasting and control. At the same time, using BMI calculation system to solve the problem of steel reinforcement in construction engineering, as well as the use of personnel, the existing calculation software still needs a lot of time and energy. We proposed a comprehensive evaluation study of reinforcement calculation in domestic construction engineering BIM calculation system based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. This paper first summarizes the BIM calculation system of construction engineering, uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system as an important evaluation index system in domestic construction engineering BIM calculation system, through the judgment of various factors affecting the actual effect of the calculation system, and uses the fuzzy evaluation system combined with a case to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed research. Therefore, through the above research and experiments, it is concluded that the research method of this paper solves many problems in the process of engineering structure reinforcement calculation and provides a good reference method for the establishment of comprehensive evaluation system of reinforcement calculation, as well as providing an effective validation for the widespread use of BIM technology in the construction industry. Finally, it is also beneficial for users to comprehensively evaluate the BIM calculation system of the construction industry and provide a basic reference condition for different industries to use and choose BIM calculation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we collected, summarized, and analyzed the available data of 143 transportation immersed tunnels at home and abroad, and analyzed the current state of the immersed tunnel engineering in the world from the aspects of construction quantity, construction length, construction speed and construction difficulty. Based on the quantifiable indexes of tube volume, tube number, water depth and buried depth, the evaluation formula of construction difficulty of immersed tunnel was put forward for the first time. Finally, based on the number of monographs, patents and papers, we analyzed and evaluated the scientific and technological development status of immersed tunnel in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with contracting engineering projects in China, contracting international engineering projects is affected by many factors, with great risks and uncertainties. Risk control should be paid attention to and effective risk prevention should be carried out in bidding stage. In this paper, we summarized the common risks of international project bidding, and expounded the procedures and principles of international project pre - bidding organizations, and introduced the key points and countermeasures of risk prevention and control by studying bid documents and on -site investigation combining with a large number of practical engineering cases, so as to provide reference for Chinese enterprises who participate in international project bidding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, distance education based on network environment has made great progress in China. The combination of network technology and teaching activities has brought new enlightenment to the education field. Under this background, this paper designs the distance teaching platform of network English course for communication engineering specialty, optimizes the design function of network English course platform, analyzes the common forms of the network English Course Teaching of communication engineering specialty and the new requirements of new forms for Distance English teachers, and probes into how to improve the teaching water of network English course teachers of communication engineering specialty In order to promote the further development and popularization of Distance English education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of natural science, twentieth century philosophy departed from its Socratic heritage and increasingly isolated itself within the discipline. This new disciplinary way of doing philosophy produced a greater amount of professional knowledge and expertise, but it also separated philosophy from its broader social context. Since the mid-20th century, various efforts were made under a variety of banners to reconnect philosophical thinking with society, with field philosophy representing the most genuine break from the disciplinary paradigm. It advocates collaborative work and rejects philosophic jargon. It also shares much in common with a parallel Chinese approach called 'philosophy of gongcheng.' The philosophy of gongcheng is mostly initiated by top-level engineers, especially academicians with real political power, with the aim of enhancing the real-world engineering practices. This paper traces the roots of philosophy of jishu in China to reevaluate the appearance of philosophy of gongcheng, and exposes the differences between these two parallel transdisciplinary approaches. Working with engineers deepens the understanding of engineering practices and provides some fresh insights on previous philosophical theories. Both field philosophy and philosophy of engineering need to ask, is there only one way to do philosophy? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The national concept of dietary nutrition and health has changed from“eating-full”, “eating-well” to “eating-right”, as China's per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019 reached 10,000 U.S. dollars. Modern diets are gradually moving from basic requirement of nutrition and flavor, to three major elements including safety, nutrition and health. The paper put forward a new framework of the dialectical nutrition based on Chinese dietary therapy and modern nutrition. The dialectical nutrition, based on the “new nutrition science” that proposed by the 18th International congress of Nutrition, aims to explore food nutrition, human physique and their dialectical relationship, using a dialectical and systematic approach. According to the overall, comprehensive and balanced nutritional perspective, the framework was then combined with the diet and taste of food in Chinese dietary therapy, in order to build a whole discipline system from philosophy to science. The evaluation system can be suitable for the characteristics of Chinese diet, physical classification, and health status. The dialectical nutrition, served as a sort of nutrition discipline, is complied with the definition and concept of new modern nutrition, with emphasizing on the interdisciplinary integration in the range of biology, sociology, and humanities. The purpose of dialectical nutrition was used to balance the dynamic transformation of food and nutritional physique, in order to achieve human nutrition and health. This is because the dialectic method was a theoretical strategy with technical precision and dynamic balance. Therefore, this study proposed a construction of two framework for 1) the healthy food engineering system based on six attributes, including germplasm, habitat, processing, nutrition, function, and bias, and for 2) the nutrition physical engineering system based on six evaluated indices, including basal metabolism, gastrointestinal macrogenes, nutritional genes, emotional strength, immunity, digestion and absorption ability.A dynamic model of transformation balance has also established based on the big data mining. The integrated frameworks with the dynamic models can form an new engineering system for nutrition and health. This proposed system can provide sound basis for the four supporting systems of talents, technology, industry and capital in China society. The study can innovate the development of the healthy food industry, and upgrade of national healthy consumption, as well provide scientific dietary guidance for the health of the entire population, and lay a solid healthy foundation for the national effort to build China into a comprehensive moderately prosperous society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although engineering education has played important roles in China’s growing power and influence on the world stage, engineering education policy since the Reform and Opening-up in the late 1970s has not been well documented in current English-language scholarship. Informed by historical and sociological studies of education, engineering and engineering education, this paper attempts to address this scholarly gap by relating contemporary Chinese engineering education policy-making to its broader historical, cultural and ideological contexts. Based on analysis of policy documents and reports released by the Chinese government and engineering schools, and drawing on prior scholarship of Chinese (engineering) education policy, this paper employs the concept of ‘past/forward’ as an analytic lens to interpret and understand four major areas of engineering education policy change in contemporary China: institutional reform, disciplines and majors, training objectives, and curriculum reform. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper introduces a microbial product, termed 'biocement', and its role in construction engineering. Biocement, a novel metabolic by-product of microbially induced carbonate precipitation by way of urease (urea hydrolysing enzyme), presents a promising biotechnology for the enhancement of durability of building materials and structures. Urease-producing bacteria are ubiquitous in nature and, when added to cement, help to improve its compressive strength, reduce permeability and reduce the corrosion rate of reinforced structures. Promising results when using this metabolic product have encouraged various research groups worldwide; in-depth studies using these different approaches are discussed in this paper. The status of similar research from China's perspective is also elaborated. The results from different groups suggest that biocement, a product of green technology, can be used as an additional cementitious material to enhance the durability of building materials and structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender differences in science and engineering (S&E) have been studied in various countries. Most of these studies find that women are underrepresented in the S&E workforce and publish less than their male peers. The factors that contribute to gender differences in experience and performance in S&E careers can vary from one country to another, yet they remain underexplored. This paper is among the first to systematically compare gender differences in the publication productivity of academic scientists and engineers with doctoral degrees in the U.S. and China. Findings from negative binomial regressions show that women publish less than their male counterparts in science but not in engineering in the U.S. In China, women do not differ from men in publication productivity in science but publish more than their male counterparts in engineering. In addition, we find that some background variables affect men's and women's publication productivity differently. The findings are analyzed in the context of the different cultures of the two fields (science vs. engineering) and of the two countries (the U.S. and China). Limitations and policy implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents a practical algorithm for the first-order reliability method (FORM) to deal with the implicit nature of a limit-state function (LSF) in reliability assessment of stability of a working highway tunnel, which is constructed in a mountainous area in China. First, a mechanical model to determine the LSF that is not explicitly known with complex non-linear behaviour is formulated for the primary support provided by the combination of shotcrete and rockbolts. After reviewing concisely the basic concepts relevant to the FORM, the central difference approximation is subsequently introduced to estimate the partial derivatives of the LSF. By consideration of Taylor’s formula, this LSF can be transformed into an equation involving a single unknown described as the reliability index, and then the resulting solution procedure for determination of the reliability index can be rendered based on the derivation rule of compound function. A flow for tunnel reliability problem posed by the implicit LSF in applying the FORM is further developed. Eventually, the proposed methodology for the LSF in the non-explicit circumstance is used to perform the probabilistic evaluation for such a working tunnel where the choices of values of step length coefficient affecting the calculation results are suggested. Comparisons are made with the Monte-Carlo simulation method (MCSM) to assess the computational accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm proposed in this paper. It is shown that the MCSM used to obtain the “exact” solutions entails the formidable computational effort, whereas the current algorithm that alleviates the computational labour dramatically can provide an efficient way of implementing reliability calculations for the implicit LSF and offer results which are found to be in satisfactory agreement with the “exact” ones when the step length coefficient is properly taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper maps approaches to engineering ethics in the People's Republic of China. It is addressed primarily to English-language scholars interested in learning more about one aspect of the complex historical and cultural context of technological education in a nation that now graduates more engineers than any other in the world. Although the basic terms of this mapping - i.e., traditionalism vs. modernism - will strike some non-Chinese readers as too simple, it nevertheless represents a common conceptualization within the community of discourse being presented. Engineering ethics studies in China today are constituted by a dialogue between traditional Chinese value systems concerning engineering and modernist perspectives influenced by both Marxism and more technoscientifically advanced nations as a result of global technology transfers and economic exchanges. As a preliminary exploration of this dialogue, the paper offers a historical-philosophical narrative of engineering and engineering ethics in China as reflective of traditional attitudes shaped by engineering in the premodern sense of gong cheng and its modern reinterpretation in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The paper then outlines some of the main research areas in contemporary Chinese engineering ethics studies. Finally, in the face of globalization, the traditionalism-modernism tension is used to characterize contemporary challenges in engineering ethics in China. The paper concludes with an argument addressed more to Chinese than to non-Chinese scholars, suggesting a need to rethink engineering ethics in order to redefine the meaning of 'made in China'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface displacement by seasonally freezing bulge and thawing subsidence are the main hazards for engineering construction in permafrost regions, especially for the Qinghai-Tibet railway. One of the main problems is how to monitor the frozen ground's displacement in the process of construction and protection of the Qinghai-Tibetan railway. The technology of Permanent Scatterers (PS) has been successfully used to detect the long-term subsidence at urban areas. For detecting the subsidence of the frozen earth on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper extended the capability of the technology of PS to investigate deformation phenomena in vegetated area. The paper analyses an interferometric phase model, and presents improved PS algorithms for separating different components in interferometric phase. The proposed technique is implemented using ENVISAT ASAR images to detect the deformation over permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results are in concordance with results provided by a traditional ground levelling, which encourages future development using the Permanent Scatterers method to analyse deformation of the frozen earth on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the phenomenon of offshore outsourcing and relates it to the history and current state of engineering education and the engineering profession in Europe and the USA. In order to assess the climate affecting employment decisions by and about engineers we have used as sources mostly the serious press, with an emphasis on material dating from 2004 forward. The authors conclude that despite anxiety about the out-migration of engineering and technical jobs to places such as India and China, there is reason to see offshoring as the result of Western investment in capacity building in developing countries and to believe that the creation of new jobs will outpace the rate of job loss in Europe and the USA. The paper should serve as a prod to policy-makers and educators to set about creating an environment in which highly educated engineers and technical employees can continue a pattern of economic revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few problems in the present calculation methods in the aspects of insulation flashover criteria, influence of operating voltages, induced overvoltage component, and shielding failure in China are briefly analyzed and discussed. Lightning performance of 500-ky double-circuit line schemes (nine tower types and thirteen schemes of insulation disposition) for the Three-Gorge Project is computed and compared with the existing operation experience of double-circuit lines. Different schemes are compared with each other. The cause of the remarkable increase of the total lightning outage rate of the usual unbalanced double-circuit lines, with one circuit insulation reduced, in the operation is analyzed. Different from the usual unbalanced insulation lines, a one-circuit insulation enhanced scheme is proposed in this paper. It is emphasized in the paper that the key of the lightning protection of double-circuit transmission lines is to reduce the double-circuit simultaneous trip-out rate and to keep a reasonable total trip-out rate at the same time. It can be achieved by choosing the proper insulation disposition scheme referring to the order of the weighted trip-out rate values. The viewpoints and methods in the paper would be useful to others working in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep soil mixing (DSM) columns as a retaining structure for deep excavations in soft soil areas has been widely used because, in addition to its low cost, it has fewer environmental hazards and no need of dewatering. However, due to its low tensile strength, this system usually requires a very thick wall cross section and is generally impractical for use as a retaining structure for very deep excavations. In an attempt to extend the use of DSM columns for deeper excavations, this paper introduces a so-called compound DSM retaining wall system that combines DSM columns with reinforced concrete bored piles. As shown in the paper, both the compressive strength of soil-cement mixtures and the bending moment capacity of concrete piles are developed to their full advantage in this hybrid soil-retaining system. The paper also presents the detail design methodology for the proposed compound DSM wall as a retaining structure for deep excavation. Finally, the benefits of this hybrid retaining system are further demonstrated through a case study completed in Shanghai, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some toe-deck crack cases in China have been reported after about 10 years of service in suspension and beam bridge steel orthotropic decks with trough stiffeners. In this paper, a reference stress method used in design practice and a hot-spot stress method provided by the International Institute of Welding are used to investigate toe-deck fatigue of the newly built Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge. Shell and solid finite element models with different mesh sizes are compared. The hot spot at the weld toe and the point at the trough-deck intersection are discussed. One is a shell-model hot spot with no weld. The other is a solid-model hot spot with the weld. Hot-spot stress calculated with the shell model is larger than that with the solid model. Different extrapolation methods of hot-spot stress are discussed; stress calculated with the linear extrapolation method is almost the same as with the quadratic method. The stress of the joint under a moving unit wheel load is studied. Fatigue strengths against reference and hot-spot stresses are derived. Fatigue damages under the truck load, evaluated based on the reference stress method and the hot-spot stress method, are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern logistics operations, large-scale logistics companies, besides active participation in profit-seeking commercial business, also play an essential role during an emergency relief process by dispatching urgently-required materials to disaster-affected areas. Therefore, an issue has been widely addressed by logistics practitioners and caught researchers' more attention as to how the logistics companies achieve maximum commercial profit on condition that emergency tasks are effectively and performed satisfactorily. In this paper, two vehicle scheduling models are proposed to solve the problem. One is a prediction-related scheme, which predicts the amounts of disaster-relief materials and commercial business and then accepts the business that will generate maximum profits; the other is a priority-directed scheme, which, firstly groups commercial and emergency business according to priority grades and then schedules both types of business jointly and simultaneously by arriving at the maximum priority in total. Moreover, computer-based simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of these two models by comparing them with two traditional disaster-relief tactics in China. The results testify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

True 3D solid modeling of complex geologic bodies still face many difficulties. In this paper, a new technique of true 3D solid modeling is addressed, which incorporates the application of 2D&3D interactive aided section technology to revise scatter point aggregates, the means of two-body 3D data structure (improved B-rep 3D solid data structure) to organize data and the usage of vector shear technology for modeling. Based on such techniques, a true 3D solid model of a large hydropower engineering project in southern China was built to serve as intuitive platform for engineering survey, design, and construction. In the light of its wide application to many projects, it can be considered as a reasonable and effective method for 3D modeling of complex geologic bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, remote sensing technologies were widely employed in the dynamic monitoring of the land. This paper presented an algorithm named fuzzy nonlinear proximal support vector machine (FNPSVM) by basing on ETM+ remote sensing image. This algorithm is applied to extract various types of lands of the city Da’an in northern China. Two multi-category strategies, namely “one-against-one” and “one-against-rest” for this algorithm were described in detail and then compared. A fuzzy membership function was presented to reduce the effects of noises or outliers on the data samples. The approaches of feature extraction, feature selection, and several key parameter settings were also given. Numerous experiments were carried out to evaluate its performances including various accuracies (overall accuracies and kappa coefficient), stability, training speed, and classification speed. The FNPSVM classifier was compared to the other three classifiers including the maximum likelihood classifier (MLC), back propagation neural network (BPN), and the proximal support vector machine (PSVM) under different training conditions. The impacts of the selection of training samples, testing samples and features on the four classifiers were also evaluated in these experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground pressure hazards in deep rock engineering, such as rock spalling and rock burst, are big challenges and threats to personnel and equipment safety. In order to investigate the mechanism of ground pressure disasters in deep rock engineering, in-situ investigations were carried out in a deep gold mine in China. The survey results show that with the increase of the mining depth, the number and severity of ground pressure disaster events increase significantly. The investigation results of ground pressure disaster in the gold mine are analyzed by three methods. The effects of the maximum tangential stress, strain rebound and strain energy release on the failure of surrounding rock under different burial depths are obtained. The failure behaviors of surrounding rock are well explained by these methods at different mining depths. The new method considering strain energy release can well explain the phenomenon of core disking and it can accurately calculate the theoretical thickness of core disk. In addition, a theoretical calculation basis for the support design of energy absorbing bolt is provided in the paper and the support design figure is put forward by considering energy absorbing bolt. • According to in-site investigations, ground pressure hazard events increased significantly with depth. • Strain energy released by surrounding rock increases rapidly with a function of second power of mining depth. • Phenomenon of core disking is well explained, and calculation formula of rock disk thickness is provided. • The energy-absorbing materials such as energy-absorbing bolts can well absorb the released strain energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In late 1999 the Highways Department of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region issued an open invitation to bridge designers to pre-qualify for a design competition for a road bridge across the entrance to the Kwai Chung container port. The bridge would have a span of at least 1000 m with a vertical clearance of at least 73·5 m over the full 900 m navigation channel. The purpose of the competition was to establish a reference scheme to be used as the basis for the detailed design for Stonecutters Bridge. The design competition aimed at securing a world-class design which would also be a fitting landmark and gateway for the port underlining and promoting the image of Hong Kong as a vibrant and important centre of international trade. The competition took place in early 2000 and this paper describes some of the background choosing this approach and the reasoning behind the selection of the prize-winning proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the initial phase of the detailed design of Stonecutters Bridge, Hong Kong, site-assembled multi-strand stay cables were the preferred option owing to their ease of installation. However, when more detailed information on the wind climate at the bridge site became available during the detailed design, it became apparent that the wind effects were significantly higher than had been assumed during the review phase. As a result of this, the bridge could no longer be made to perform satisfactorily without extensive changes to the back-span superstructure unless more compact parallel wire system stays were used in the design. This paper describes the design of the stay cables, some of the tests carried out during fabrication and the geometry control of the bridge deck and towers during erection of the bridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the concept design for Stonecutters Bridge, Hong Kong - the winning scheme in the international design competition held by the Highways Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The design was prepared by the competition winners, a team from Halcrow Group Ltd., Flint & Neill Partnership, the Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute and Danish architects Dissing+Weitling. The concept design became the reference scheme for the development of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Since cryogenic vessels and products are widely applied into industries, scientific explorations and daily lives, more and more investigations on no-vent fill technologies have been conducted to protect resources and environment. In this paper, liquid–vapor interface area or liquid volume as a function of liquid height was calculated by the use of integration method. Based on the analysis of the effects of the liquid–vapor interface area on vapor condensation, the rising liquid–vapor interface area was considered as an important influencing factor which was seriously studied in the form of interface area ratio . Experimental results indicated that the horizontal tanks performed better in no-vent fills than the vertical ones given the same operational condition. For the reason that the effects of initial condition and transfer properties on no-vent fills were excluded, the increasing rising liquid–vapor interface area was concluded as a main explanation to support that horizontal placement was more feasible in no-vent fills. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As high embankment dam engineering is often large-scale, how to achieve equilibrium of material flow is a critical factor affecting the construction progress of embankment dam engineering and an important approach to save resource and reduce construction cost. The paper establishes a material flow equilibrium system (EDMFES) that is applicable to embankment dam engineering and has traffic network assistant analysis function and presents in detail the embankment dam static flow equilibrium model. The system is applied to a Chinese national key project and the outcome demonstrates that the system is applicable to various types of Chinese high embankment dam engineerings and can provide material equilibrium scheme in accordance with basic data and requirements of the project supplied by the user. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Jinsha River has very abundant hydro power reservation, ranking first in all the hydro power bases of China. To deliver the 38-GW hydro power from Jinsha power stations by HVDC transmission lines to load centers 1000-2000 km away, it is necessary to determine the right voltage level and the capacity of each bipole. This paper proposes three preliminary power delivery scheme and presents an optimization method for transmission capacity, dc voltage and conductor size. Based on a comprehensive comparison of cost-effectiveness, technical feasibility and network security and stability, it was recommended that the 3 bipolar ±800-kV ultra HVDC (UHVDC) links with rated capacity of 6.4 GW for each link be adopted as transmission scheme of Phase I Hydro Power station on Jinsha River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, the evolution dynamical properties of four topological urban ground bus-transport networks (BTNs) in China are empirically researched. As the statistical results of some common used measurements show that there are large fluctuations because of small sample sizes to induce some indistinct conclusions, and there are even incorrect BTN structure pictures as positive degree relation of the adjacent vertices in those BTNs though they are actually uncorrelated at all, i.e., exhibiting “pseudo positive connectivity correction”. Thus in order to uncover the randomly organized architecture of BTNs, new measurements of the average sum of the nearest-neighbors’ degree–degree correlation , and the degree average edges among the nearest-neighbors are proposed. The obtained results of two new measurements do reflect that the considered BTNs are organized randomly. In this point, those empirical results provide one new framework for a more realistic BTN model, which will capture the underlying evolution principles of a BTN in the geographical topology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose - Taking into account the long-term influences of the non-linear behavior of the material as well as the large deformation and contact conditions, the limiting factors of the computer simulation are the computer runtime and the memory requirement during solution of seismic response analysis for immersed tunnel. This research aims to overcome these problems. Design/methodology/approach - This research deals with parallel explicit finite element simulation with domain decomposition for seismic response analysis of immersed tunnel, which is the non-linear and time-dependent behavior of complex structures in engineering. A domain decomposition method based on parallel contact algorithm and dynamic-explicit time integration procedure are used, and the latter is used for the solution of the semi-discrete equations of motion, which is very suited for parallel processing. Using the high performance computer SGI Onyx3800, the seismic response analysis of the immersed tunnel in Shanghai is processed with more than 1.2 million nodes and more than 1 million elements in final finite element model. Findings - The results show numerical scalability of this algorithm and reveal the dangerous joints in this immersed tunnel under Tangshan seismic acceleration, and it could also provide references for the antiseismic design of the immersed tunnel. Originality/value - With the increasing demands in the scale, accuracy and speed of numerical simulation in geotechnical engineering, parallel computing has its great application in this area. This paper fulfils an identified method need, and it is believed more and more research work will be devoted to this research field in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In hydrosystem engineering design and analysis, temporal pattern for rainfall events of interest is often required. In this paper, statistical cluster analysis of dimensionless rainfall pattern is applied to identify representative temporal rainfall patterns typically occurred in Hong Kong Territory. For purpose of selecting an appropriate rainfall pattern in engineering applications, factors affecting the occurrence of different rainfall patterns are examined by statistical contingency tables analysis through which the inter-dependence of the occurrence frequency of rainfall patterns with respect to geographical location, rainfall duration and depth, and seasonality is investigated. Furthermore, due to inherent variability of rainfall mass curves or hyetographs within each classified rainfall pattern, a practical procedure to probabilistically generate plausible rainfall patterns is described. The procedure preserves the inherent stochastic features of random dimensionless rainfall hyetograph ordinates, which in general are correlated non-normal multivariate compositional variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With China’s fast economic growth and entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), more foreign architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) firms are expected to venture into this huge and attractive market. This paper explores the important strategies to help foreign AEC firms clinch construction projects in China. Using a questionnaire survey approach complemented by in-depth interviews, it was found that firms need to pay more attention to the market and working conditions in China and to strengthen their own capabilities. To win projects in China, foreign AEC firms should also be able to offer project financing services. The findings are useful to foreign AEC firms because it may help them win projects in the Chinese construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on topics of interest to geoengineers. The mechanics and selection process for the Best Paper Award for "Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal" are provided. Z. J. Shen, a professor and honorary editor of the journal, died on October 2, 2006 in Beijing, China.