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Much of the literature related to the nation-state's control over immigration and citizenship has focused upon either the rights and obligations formed between individual citizens and the polity or the documentation and surveillance of individual identity. Such policies, however, are also collective forms of state management and nation-building which cultivate and reproduce the desired attributes of the national population through the incorporation and exclusion of foreigners. These issues will be addressed by providing a comparative analysis of the policies of Australia and Canada. During the 20th century both states have followed similar historical trajectories moving from racially exclusivist policies oriented toward biological fitness and cultural homogeneity to individuated and utilitarian policies governed by economic fitness and human capital. While the majority of analyses of the two countries has focused on such transformations in terms of the emergence of pluralistic and multicultural policies, a closer examination reveals that while anti-discrimination may have been the initial intent of such policies they have largely been subordinated to economic calculations and attempts of each state to strategically adapt to the emergent global economy. The primary effect of such shifts has therefore been expansions in the depth and intensity of state regulatory capacities and control. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]