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N 2 O is the most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas, which cause the ozone depletion. Hence, the room temperature detection of N 2 O is highly desirable. In this work, The TCN(II)-KOH-rGO/CF modified electrode was successfully fabricated by drop coating method. The synthesized electrode was successfully characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR and XRD. The sensor electrode was used to detect different N 2 O concentration in flow conditions at room temperature. TCN(II)-KOH-rGO/CF modified electrode showed high sensitivity towards N 2 O, a wide range from 1ppm to 16 ppm and low detection of 1 ppm N 2 O were achieved for the TCN(II)-KOH-rGO/CF modified electrode. The limit of detection and the response towards this nitrogen oxide is competitive to other sensing methods. In addition, the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor electrode was compared with the online Gas Chromatography. Additionally, the selectivity of the working electrode was analyzed and specified. The working electrode stability was analyzed for more than 30 days shows good stability. The fabricated TCN(II)-KOH-rGO/CF electrode is easier to prepare to get excellent analytical performance towards N 2 O. Hence, the proposed TCN(II)-KOH-rGO/CF electrode could be the suitable material for detection of N 2 O in the real site process., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Low-energy x-ray imaging of the secondary electron bremsstrahlung (SEB) x-ray emitted during carbon-ion irradiation is a promising method for range estimation. However, it remains unclear whether the method can be used for imaging with the clinical dose levels of carbon-ion and whether the bremsstrahlung x-ray can be detected from the deeper part of the body. To clarify these points, we developed a new high resolution low-energy x-ray camera and conducted imaging of the SEB x-ray during the irradiation of carbon-ions of different energies and intensities. Imaging was also tried with an x-ray camera using a human-head-sized, 17 cm diameter cylindrical phantom. To develop a high resolution imaging detector for a low-energy x-ray, we used a 20  ×  20  ×  0.5 mm thick cerium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite, YA1O 3 (YAP(Ce)) scintillator plate, which was optically coupled to a 25 mm square high quantum efficiency (HQE) type position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT). The imaging detector was encased in a 2 cm thick tungsten container and a pinhole collimator was attached to its camera head. After evaluating the camera's performance, SEB x-ray imaging was tried during irradiation of the carbon-ion and compared the results with a Monte Carlo simulation. We imaged the beam tracks by the SEB x-ray in real-time during irradiation of the carbon-ion and imaging and range estimation were possible even with near clinical dose level of 7.5  ×  10 8 particles of carbon-ion. Clear images of a SEB x-ray were also obtained for a 17 cm diameter cylindrical phantom. The measured images were good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation. We confirmed that our developed YAP(Ce) camera is promising for imaging SEB x-rays during irradiation of carbon-ions even near clinical conditions.