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1. Electrospun cellulose acetate supported Ag@AgCl composites with facet-dependent photocatalytic properties on degradation of organic dyes under visible-light irradiation.

Author

Zhou Z, Peng X, Zhong L, Wu L, Cao X, and Sun RC

Subjects
Catalysis, Cellulose chemistry, Coloring Agents chemistry, Membranes, Artificial, Temperature, Azo Compounds chemistry, Cellulose analogs & derivatives, Electricity, Light, Photochemical Processes, Silver chemistry, Silver Compounds chemistry
Abstract

Electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) membrane was employed as a support that provided sites for AgCl crystals in situ growth. The Ag@AgCl crystals on electrospun CA composites with exposed {100} and {111} facets were fabricated at room temperature by a double diffusion technique. The crystal structure, morphology, composition, and absorption light ability of CA supported Ag@AgCl were characterized utilizing X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection-infrared intensity (ATR-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements (XPS), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance spectra, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was evaluated using methyl orange (MO) as a target. The CA supported cubic Ag@AgCl catalyst exhibited much higher catalytic activity than octahedral catalyst in terms of the degradation of MO under visible light. The 10mg CA based cubes could completely degrade MO (10 mg L(-1)) in 160 min. The photocatalyst still exhibited a good catalytic ability after three times., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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2. Microstickies agglomeration by electric field.

Author

Du XT and Hsieh JS

Subjects
Osmolar Concentration, Recycling, Electricity, Industrial Waste analysis, Paper, Waste Management methods
Abstract

Microstickies deposits on both paper machine and paper products when it agglomerates under step change in ionic strength, pH, temperature and chemical additives. These stickies increase the down time of the paper mill and decrease the quality of paper. The key property of microstickies is its smaller size, which leads to low removal efficiency and difficulties in measurement. Thus the increase of microstickies size help improve both removal efficiency and reduce measurement difficulty. In this paper, a new agglomeration technology based on electric field was investigated. The electric treatment could also increase the size of stickies particles by around 100 times. The synergetic effect between electric field treatment and detacky chemicals/dispersants, including polyvinyl alcohol, poly(diallylmethylammonium chloride) and lignosulfonate, was also studied.

Published
2016
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3. Time Series Properties of the Renewable Energy Diffusion Process: Implications for Energy Policy Design and Assessment

Author

Andrea Masini, Syed Abul Basher, Sam Aflaki, Haldemann, Antoine, Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HEC Paris Research Paper Series

Subjects
JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C2 - Single Equation Models • Single Variables/C.C2.C23 - Panel Data Models • Spatio-temporal Models, renewable energy diffusions, business.industry, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C2 - Single Equation Models • Single Variables/C.C2.C22 - Time-Series Models • Dynamic Quantile Regressions • Dynamic Treatment Effect Models • Diffusion Processes, jel:C23, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q2.Q28 - Government Policy, Energy mix, jel:C22, Energy policy, Renewable energy, Electricity generation, Empirical research, Unit root, cross-sectional dependence, renewable energy policies, Econometrics, Economics, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Electricity, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, business, jel:Q28, Renewable energy policies, renewable energy diffusion, unit root, cross-sectional dependence, Panel data
Abstract

Confronted by increasingly tight budgets and a broad range of alternative options, policy makers need empirical methods to evaluate the effectiveness of policies aimed at supporting the diffusion of renewable energy sources (RES). Rigorous empirical studies of renewable energy policy effectiveness have typically relied on panel data models to identify the most effective mechanisms. A common characteristic of some of these studies, which has important econometric implications, is that they assume that the contribution of RES to total electricity generation will be stationary around a mean. This paper reviews such assumptions and rigorously tests the time series properties of the contribution of RES in the energy mix for the presence of a unit root. To that end, we use both individual and panel unit root tests to determine whether the series exhibit non-stationary behavior at the country level as well as for the panel as a whole. The analysis, applied to a panel of 19 OECD countries over the period 1990-2012, provides strong evidence that the time series of the renewable share of electricity output are not stationary in 17 of the 19 countries examined. This finding has important implications for energy policy assessment and energy policy making, which are discussed in the paper.

Published
2014