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2. A Regulamentação Ambiental Conduzindo Estratégias Ecoinovativas na Indústria de Papel e Celulose.
- Author
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Maçaneiro, Marlete Beatriz, Kuhl, Marcos Roberto, da Cunha, João Carlos, and Kindl da Cunha, Sieglinde
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL regulations , *INNOVATIONS in business , *INNOVATION adoption , *BUSINESS planning , *PAPER industry , *ECONOMICS ,ENVIRONMENTAL aspects - Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the association of environmental regulation with the adoption of both proactive and reactive eco-innovation strategies in the Brazilian pulp, paper, and paper product industry. Methodology was based on a quantitative approach, using a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered online questionnaire answered by 117 sector companies of all sizes and Brazilian regions. Data analysis consisted of inferential statistics with logistic regression analysis. The main results show that the organizations participating in this study consider environmental regulation as conducive of proactive, more than reactive, eco-innovation strategies, as opposed to previous literature. This result fits into the evolutionary perspective, which postulates that companies see environmental regulation as less a cost and more an opportunity, directing them to improve productivity and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. END 2016: International Conference on Education and New Developments. Conference Proceedings (Ljubljana, Slovenia, June 12-14, 2016)
- Author
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World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS) (Portugal) and Carmo, Mafalda
- Abstract
We are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2016--END 2016, taking place in Ljubljana, Slovenia, from 12 to 14 of June. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. Our International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. Our goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2016 received 489 submissions, from 53 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference, 133 submissions (27% acceptance rate). The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Dr. Mojca Juriševic, Associate Professor of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, to whom we express our most gratitude. Also, we give a special thanks to Professor Emerita Nina K. Buchanan, PhD, University of Hawaii, USA and Professor Emeritus Robert A. Fox, PhD, University of Hawaii, USA for the special talk entitled "The Search for New Educational Forms in the United States and its International Implications." This volume is composed by the proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2016), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.) and had the help of our respected co-sponsor and media partner that we reference in the dedicated page. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also covers different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity; Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change, Corporate Education. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. (Individual papers contain references.)
- Published
- 2016
4. Internal and distribution logistics strategies have a strong impact on the competitiveness of pulp and paper companies.
- Author
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Martin, Caroline
- Subjects
LOGISTICS management ,PAPER industry ,WOOD-pulp ,LOGISTICS ,TRANSPORTATION ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article focuses on need for logistics planning by pulp and paper companies due to transportation requirements of key products namely wood, pulp and paper. It discusses the impact of internal and distribution logistics strategies on competitiveness of the companies. It mentions views of Edésio Lopes, coordinator of transport and highway infrastructure MBA program at Instituto de Pós-Graduação e Graduação (IPOG) on need for Brazil to overcome transport bottlenecks by improving infrastructure.
- Published
- 2016
5. The Expansion of Industrial Tree Plantations and Dispossession in Brazil.
- Author
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Kröger, Markus
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *PLANTATIONS , *LAND use , *FORESTS & forestry , *TREES , *EUCALYPTUS , *ECONOMICS , *TWENTY-first century , *ECONOMIC policy ,ECONOMIC conditions in Brazil, 1985- - Abstract
ABSTRACT The recent expansion of tree plantations is the most important agrarian change in many parts of Brazil. This article uses the results of extensive field research to analyse the different ways paper and pulp companies assure their land base for eucalyptus plantations. The mechanisms of land access have changed little over the decades, amounting to a process of primitive accumulation which seems to be controlled by the ways the pulp industry influences land markets and prices, the strength of any resistance, and particularly the government support enjoyed by industry. Many paper and steel companies, either directly or indirectly, are increasingly relying on eucalyptus plantations, with negative impacts in many places. The expansion of tree monocultures with rural exclusion is characteristic of the wider phenomenon of land grab which is driven by the dominating financial logic of current capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Minerals Technologies upgrades satellite PCC facility at Brazilian paper mill
- Subjects
- *
CALCIUM carbonate , *PAPER mills , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Minerals Technologies Inc is expanding its satellite precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) plant at a paper mill owned by Suzano Papel é Celulose SA in Suzano, Brazil. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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7. U.S. Competitiveness in the World Wheat Market. Proceedings of a Research Conference (Washington, D.C., June 17-18, 1986).
- Author
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Economic Research Service (USDA), Washington, DC.
- Abstract
These proceedings contain presentations and summaries of papers presented at a Wheat Competitiveness Conference. They begin with two presentations--"The Wheat Prototype Study within an Overall Conceptual Framework of Competitiveness" (James Langley) and "U.S. Competitiveness in the World Wheat Market: A Prototype Study" (Jerry Sharples). The 23 summaries of contributing reports are divided into four groups. Papers in the section on aggregate analysis of export supply and demand in world wheat markets are "Patterns and Trends in World Wheat Competitiveness" (Mathew Shane), "Measuring Economic Competitiveness in Trade" (Peter Perkins), "Revealed Competitive Advantage for Wheat" (Thomas Vollrath), and "Potential Growth in the World Wheat Market: The Impact of Factors Underlying Demand" (Mervin Yetley). The section on major factors affecting supply, demand, and trade on world wheat markets contains "Forces That Could Expand U.S. Wheat Exports: Estimates from a World Wheat Trade Model" (Jerry Sharples, Praveen Dixit), "Shortrun Impact of U.S. Macroeconomic Policy on the U.S. Wheat Market" (Mark Denbaly), "The Value of the Dollar and Competitiveness of U.S. Wheat Exports" (Stephen Haley, Barry Krissoff), "Protection and Liberalization in World Wheat Markets" (Nicole Ballenger, Cathy Jabara), "International Transportation and the Competitiveness of U.S. Wheat Exports" (Kay McLennan), "Enhancing the International Competitiveness of U.S. Wheat through Agricultural Research" (Ira Branson, Yao-chi Lu), "The Green Revolution for Wheat in Developing Countries" (Gary Vocke), and "Variability in Wheat Land Values of Major Exporting Countries" (John Sutton). In the section on wheat export markets and factors affecting supply, demand, and trade are "Summary of Export Markets" (John Sutton, Ron Trostle) and these summaries: "The U.S. Wheat Market" (William Lin, Robert McElroy), "The Canadian Wheat Market" (Pat Weisgerber, et al.), "The Australian Wheat Market" (Paul Johnston), "The French Wheat Market" (Mark Newman), and "The Argentine Wheat Market" (Jorge Hazera). In the section on wheat import markets and factors affecting supply, demand, and trade are "Summary of Import Markets" (James Langley, Gene Mathia) and these summaries: "The Mexican Wheat Market" (Myles Mielke), "The Brazilian Wheat Market" (Edward Allen), "The Conduct of Wheat Marketing in North Africa" (George Gardner, David Skully), "The Dynamics of China's Wheat Trade" (Frederic Surls), "The Soviet Wheat Market" (Emily Moore), and "The East European Wheat Market" (Robert Cummings). Other contents include a conference summary and comments by review panels of trade and university economists. (YLB)
- Published
- 1987
8. If the Past Devours the Future, Why Study? Piketty, Social Movements, and Future Directions for Education
- Author
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Tarlau, Rebecca
- Abstract
In 2014, Thomas Piketty's "Capital in the Twenty-first Century" rocked the economic and political world, with its argument that inequality is destined to increase; in the field of education, however, this book has been almost entirely ignored. I argue that Piketty's treatise is relevant to educational theories for three reasons: his rejection of meritocracy contributes to theories of social mobility; his critique of human capital theory provides fodder for debates about educational purpose; and his interdisciplinary analysis supports the political economy tradition in education. However, I also argue that it is necessary to move beyond the economic determinism in Piketty's arguments, to explore the transformative potential of education as a consciousness-raising process, the agency of communities, the production process, and alternative solutions to inequality. I argue that education scholars should use the renewed interest in inequality generated by Piketty's book to shift the dominant discourses about education, schools, and social justice.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Debtor States and the World Market: Explaining Mexican and Brazilian Foreign Economic Policy.
- Author
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Gayle, Dennis John
- Abstract
The ways in which world market instabilities affect indebted developing countries and explanations of their differential policy responses are the central issues addressed in this paper. The development of Brazil and Mexico is examined as examples of middle-income developing nations whose economies have assumed dependent development. Dependent development implies the persistence of relatively undifferentiated domestic economies, with rather narrow ranges of potential exports, continuing reliance on external capital flows and limited flexibility in adapting production to changing market conditions. The world market is analyzed as a construct which results from interaction between the international trade and finance regimes. These international regimes remain dynamically unstable. This is evidenced by extreme trade imbalances and exchange rate instability, as well as continued external debt expansion. Major dissimilarities in the policy environment of the two countries emerged when their sociopolitical development patterns, geohistorical evolution, and current relative participation in transnational corporate activity were examined. One important consequence is that Mexico's recent policy responses to world market instabilities link economic growth and sociopolitical stagnation while Brazil has combined economic immobilism and sociopolitical volatility. Tables, graphs and an 87-item reference list are included. (SM)
- Published
- 1987
10. MILL APPLICATIONS OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE SCREEN ROTOR TECHNOLOGY.
- Author
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Hamelin, Mathieu, Portela, Nicolau, and Gooding, Robert W.
- Subjects
CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,PULP mills ,PAPER industry ,ECONOMIC conditions in Brazil ,MANAGEMENT ,TWENTY-first century ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The screen rotor affects every aspect of pulp screen performance, including power consumption, capacity, fiber loss and debris removal efficiency. Fundamental studies have typically focused on the backflushing pulse induced by the rotor and, in particular, the pulse frequency and strength. More recently, small-scale turbulence and larger three-dimensional flow structures have been determined to be of at least equal significance. The present study reviews some of these fundamental studies and proposes a comprehensive model of the rotor action which embraces both pulsation and non-pulsation effects. Two novel rotor designs are discussed in the context of mill applications. One rotor is a solidcore design. As is typical, elements are attached to the periphery of the rotor to induce pressure pulsations. What is novel is that the leading edge of each element has a waveform to induce three-dimensional flow structures. With this waveform, the rotor is able to achieve higher capacities, or run at lower speeds to save energy, or operate with smaller slots for increased debris removal. A Brazilian mill used this novel rotor technology to achieve a 33% energy saving and reduce reject thickening factor from 3.0 to 1.6. A lower thickening factor reduces fiber loss and enhances runnability. The second rotor is based on foil-type design and has a thicker foil to increase wake turbulence. A dual foil-support design provides a very uniform rotor-cylinder gap and thus a more consistent and effective rotor action. Angled foils and supports ensure strings do not accumulate on the rotor. Mill case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of this rotor design in OCC headbox screen applications where there may be a high level of troublesome debris. The combination of theoretical studies and mill experiences supports a more comprehensive model of rotor performance as well as demonstrating the benefits of the advanced rotor designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
11. Government policy and fertility regulation: unintended consequences and perverse effects.
- Author
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Faria VE
- Subjects
- Americas, Brazil, Communication, Demography, Developing Countries, Fertility, Financial Management, Financing, Government, Health, Latin America, Politics, Population, Population Dynamics, Social Problems, South America, Birth Rate, Delivery of Health Care, Economics, Family Planning Policy, Government, Health Services Needs and Demand, Mass Media, Population Control, Prejudice, Public Policy, Social Security
- Published
- 1997
12. The Effects of Accountability on Higher Education
- Author
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Rezende, Marcelo
- Abstract
This paper analyzes the effects of a higher education accountability system in Brazil. For each discipline, colleges were assigned a grade that depended on the scores of their students on the ENC, an annual mandatory exam. These grades were then disclosed to the public and colleges were rewarded or penalized based on them. I find that the ENC had a positive effect on the education and the proportion of full-time faculty and that it increased the number of vacancies offered, applicants and enrollments. Colleges were affected differently depending on grades, ownership and academic organization, changing the distribution of students among them.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Large Devaluations and the Real Exchange Rate
- Author
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Burstein, Ariel, Eichenbaum, Martin, and Rebelo, Sergio
- Abstract
In this paper we argue that the primary force behind the large drop in real exchange rates that occurs after large devaluations is the slow adjustment in the prices of nontradable goods and services. Our empirical analysis uses data from five large devaluation episodes: Argentina (2002), Brazil (1999), Korea (1997), Mexico (1994), and Thailand (1997). We conduct a detailed analysis of the Argentinian case using disaggregated consumer price index data, data from our own survey of prices in Buenos Aires, and scanner data from supermarkets. We assess the robustness of our findings by studying large real exchange rate appreciations, medium devaluations, and small exchange rate movements. (Contains 28 notes.)
- Published
- 2005
14. RESILIENCE IN TIMES OF UNCERTAINTY.
- Author
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SCHVARTSMAN, FABIO
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL resilience ,PAPER industry ,UNCERTAINTY ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article presents the author's insights on the resilience and flexibility showed by industries in the pulp and paper sector of Brazil during uncertainty. Topics mentioned include the forest productivity rates at paper company Klabin, the increase in annual production capacity of Puma Unit's operations in Paraná, and the predictability of the pulp and paper market.
- Published
- 2017
15. VERTICAL INTEGRATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES: ECONOMIC POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR BRAZIL.
- Author
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Mayo, John W.
- Subjects
VERTICAL integration ,ECONOMIC policy ,ECONOMIC impact ,ECONOMICS ,JURISPRUDENCE - Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the salience of economic theories and evidence regarding vertical integration in the multichannel audiovisual industry in Brazil. This is especially important at this time because Brazilian regulators and legisla tors are wrestling with the appropriate policy approach toward the industry in Brazil in the wake of the merger of AT&T and Time Warner. Methodology/approach/design - The paper develops with several approaches. First, to develop context, the paper provides a high-level introduction to the evolution of the audiovisual industry. Second, the paper turns to a more specific assessment of the economic and legal lessons learned from the discussion and debate regarding the AT&T-Time Warner merger in the United States. This discussion draws on economic and legal theory and evidence, both from the published literature as well as from court proceedings to advance understanding of the issues. These foundational sections, in turn, provide a platform for policy insights. In particular, the paper builds upon earlier research on "resultsbased regulation" to provide guidance for Brazilian regulatory and legislative measures being considered in Brazil. Findings - The paper concludes that a results-based approach should permit advances in the vertical integration of the audiovisual industry in Brazil. Such an approach necessarily would recognize that the modern evolution towards a more vertically integrated provisioning of audiovisual services is providing numerous consumer benefits while claims of consumer harm have been judged to be speculative. Application of Article 5 of SeAC to the AT&T-TW merger provides no additional consumer protections that are not already part of the merger and would, instead be distinctly anti-consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. [Fertility and development in Brazil: an analysis with linear models].
- Author
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Costa MA
- Subjects
- Americas, Brazil, Demography, Developing Countries, Educational Status, Housing, Income, Latin America, Life Expectancy, Population, Population Dynamics, Regression Analysis, Research, Socioeconomic Factors, South America, Statistics as Topic, Survival Rate, Urbanization, Women's Rights, Economics, Fertility, Linear Models, Population Characteristics, Social Change, Social Planning
- Published
- 1980
17. [Fertility and development in Brazil: an analysis with stepwise regression].
- Author
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Costa MA
- Subjects
- Americas, Brazil, Demography, Developing Countries, Family Characteristics, Geography, Latin America, Linear Models, Population, Population Dynamics, Research, Social Change, Social Class, South America, Birth Rate, Economics, Educational Status, Fertility, Industry, Population Characteristics, Residence Characteristics, Social Planning, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Urban Population, Women's Rights
- Published
- 1980
18. Explanatory analyses in internal migration: the Brazilian case.
- Author
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Abreu JF
- Subjects
- Americas, Brazil, Demography, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Latin America, Models, Theoretical, Population, Population Dynamics, South America, Economics, Emigration and Immigration, Maps as Topic, Social Planning
- Published
- 1980
19. Metropolitan migration and population growth in selected developing countries.
- Subjects
- Africa, Algeria, Americas, Argentina, Asia, Birth Rate, Brazil, Central America, Chile, Colombia, Developed Countries, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Geography, Ghana, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran, Korea, Latin America, Mexico, Mortality, North America, Peru, Philippines, Population Characteristics, Population Density, Singapore, Socioeconomic Factors, South Africa, South America, Syria, Thailand, Venezuela, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Emigration and Immigration, Population, Population Dynamics, Population Growth, Social Planning, Transients and Migrants, Urban Population, Urbanization
- Published
- 1983
20. [Special issue in honor of Joao Lyra Madeira].
- Author
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Madeira JL
- Subjects
- Americas, Brazil, Latin America, Population, Research, Social Sciences, South America, Bibliographies as Topic, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Legislation as Topic, Models, Theoretical, Population Dynamics, Population Growth, Public Policy
- Published
- 1979
21. Bending the urban flow: a construction-migration strategy.
- Author
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Shaw RP
- Subjects
- Algeria, Bahrain, Brazil, Colombia, Demography, Geography, Ghana, Hong Kong, Income, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Population, Residence Characteristics, Sweden, USSR, Urban Population, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Developing Countries, Economics, Emigration and Immigration, Housing, Population Dynamics, Public Policy, Social Planning, Urbanization
- Published
- 1980
22. South–South Cooperation 3.0? Managing the consequences of success in the decade ahead.
- Author
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Mawdsley, Emma
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,COOPERATION ,SUCCESS - Abstract
This paper examines the consequences of the hugely successful expansion of South-South Cooperation since the new millennium. For all the achievements, variations and change over the 1950s-late 1990s, 'SSC 1.0' was characterised by relative neglect within the 'international' development community, and by many orthodox and critical scholars. In the chronological schema of the paper, 'SSC 2.0' refers to the period of remarkable expansion from the early 2000s to the present. The emergence of 'SSC 3.0', I suggest, is currently revealed by a discernible set of shifts driven in large part by the expansionary successes of SSC 2.0, as well as other turns in the global political economy. Three contemporary trends are identified: cooperation narratives that are increasingly 'muscular', nationalistic and pragmatic; difficulties sustaining claims to 'non-interference' in partner countries; and the further erosion of ideational and operational distinctiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Public participation in decision-making on the coverage of new antivirals for hepatitis C.
- Author
-
Kieslich, Katharina, Ahn, Jeonghoon, Badano, Gabriele, Chalkidou, Kalipso, Cubillos, Leonardo, Hauegen, Renata Curi, Henshall, Chris, Krubiner, Carleigh B., Littlejohns, Peter, Lu, Lanting, Pearson, Steven D., Rid, Annette, Whitty, Jennifer A., and Wilson, James
- Subjects
ANTIVIRAL agents ,DECISION making ,HEALTH care rationing ,HEPATITIS C ,INSURANCE ,HEALTH insurance ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Purpose - New hepatitis C medicines such as sofosbuvir underline the need to balance considerations of innovation, clinical evidence, budget impact and equity in health priority-setting. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of public participation in addressing these considerations. Design/methodology/approach - The paper employs a comparative case study approach. It explores the experience of four countries - Brazil, England, South Korea and the USA - in making coverage decisions about the antiviral sofosbuvir and involving the public and patients in these decision-making processes. Findings - Issues emerging from public participation ac tivities include the role of the universal right to health in Brazil, the balance between innovation and budget impact in England, the effect of unethical medical practices on public perception in South Korea and the legitimacy of priority-setting processes in the USA. Providing policymakers are receptive to these issues, public participation activities may be re-conceptualized as processes that illuminate policy problems relevant to a particular context, thereby promoting an agenda-setting role for the public. Originality/value - The paper offers an empirical analysis of public involvement in the case of sofosbuvir, where the relevant considerations that bear on priority-setting decisions have been particularly stark. The perspectives that emerge suggest that public participation contributes to raising attention to issues that need to be addressed by policymakers. Public participation activities can thus contribute to setting policy agendas, even if that is not their explicit purpose. However, the actualization of this contribution is contingent on the receptiveness of policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Public Debt Indexation and Denomination: The Case of Brazil.
- Author
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Goldfajn, Ilan
- Subjects
DEBT management ,PUBLIC debts ,INDEXATION (Economics) ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The paper models the optimal debt management strategy of the public sector when issuing nominal, price-level-indexed and foreign denominated debt securities. The model predicts that the variance of inflation, the size of the public debt, the variance of the real exchange rate, and the correlation of inflation with public expenditures are the main determinants of public debt management. Using this framework the paper analyses the Brazilian experience with indexed debt in the last decade. In particular, it explains the large increase of indexed public debt in Brazil prior to the 1994 Real plan and, thereafter, the steady decline in its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. COVID-19 and the targets of SDG 8: reflections on Brazilian scenario.
- Author
-
Anholon, Rosley, Rampasso, Izabela Simon, Martins, Vitor W.B., Serafim, Milena P., Leal Filho, Walter, and Quelhas, Osvaldo L.G.
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SUSTAINABILITY ,BRAZILIANS - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to present reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic impacts in the search for the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8) disseminated by the United Nations. These reflections are made considering the Brazilian scenario. Design/methodology/approach: As this paper is a viewpoint, several information presented here are based on authors' opinion. However, to enhance the information basis and present examples, a bibliographic research was also conducted. Findings: Analyzing the targets of SDG 8 and the probable crisis in the Brazilian economy as a consequence of the pandemic, the authors believe that this crisis will impact the achievement of these targets. Practical implications: The reflections presented here can contribute with the debates about the search for decent work in Brazil. It is worth to remember that the development of actions aligned with SDG 8 targets generates more than only economic gains, as these contribute for building a more just, egalitarian and inclusive society. Originality/value: This viewpoint calls attention to issues that demand urgent public policies; otherwise, these issues can generate losses to an entire generation of Brazilians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Model to measure the degree of competitiveness for auto parts manufacturing companies.
- Author
-
Lucato, WagnerCezar, Júnior, MiltonVieira, Vanalle, RosangelaMaria, and Salles, JoséAntonio Arantes
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE supplies industry management ,ECONOMIC competition ,AUTOMOBILE industry ,MANUFACTURED products ,SUPPLY chain management ,MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The automotive industry has been at the forefront of the globalisation process as a result of increasing global design and manufacturing. This has imposed a heavy burden on local auto parts producers. To enable a better understanding of this problem, this paper proposes a model to measure the degree of competitiveness for auto parts manufacturing companies. The study starts by analysing the current competitive forces governing the relationship among automotive assemblers and their first-tier suppliers and proposes a model that establishes (a) a competitive standard and (b) a measure called the degree of competitiveness, to be used to evaluate how similar (or dissimilar) a given company is compared with the aforesaid standard. The proposed conceptual model was tested in real-life situations by applying it to three Brazilian auto parts manufacturers with well-known competitive positions. The model was able to reproduce the same competitive position as those perceived by the market. The model and findings cannot be generalised for other industrial segments without some review and adaptation of the competitive factors considered. If required, a different set of competitive factors could be selected while maintaining all other aspects of the model as proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Foreign direct investment & its correlation to economics: The case of Brazil.
- Author
-
Dinç, Dilek Temiz and Gökmen, Aytaç
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,SAVINGS ,ECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC development ,BALANCE of trade - Abstract
Capital accumulation is the first and foremost important factor to induce economic growth and development in a country. Yet, not every country in the world is bestowed with abundant capital. Thus, in this instance foreign direct investment (FDI) emerges as a good option to supply the necessary amount of capital to countries which are deprived of the necessary capital stock. Moreover, FDI, besides being a catalyst of economic development, is a significant means of transferring technology, knowledge, managerial know-how and constitutes new potentials to create employment opportunities, increase the production volume and enhance the foreign trade balance. Furthermore, the impact of FDI inflow on the economic growth is researched in this paper for Brazil by means of utilizing various econometric methods for the period of 1970–2017. According to the results of this study there is no positive causality between economic growth and FDI inflow in the short-run. Yet, there is a positive and significant causality between FDI inflow and economic growth in the long-run as well as this stems from the fact that investments lead to positive results gradually in the long-term which also means that investments shall be converted into production as much as possible. Moreover, the novelty of this paper is that it is one of the most up-to-date studies to research FDI – economic growth correlation on Brazil in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Globalization, Business, and Politics: Promoting Corporate Social Responsibility in Latin America.
- Author
-
Agüero, Felipe
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL responsibility of business , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper will provide an explanation for the recent rise of business-related organizations in Latin America that seek to promote corporate social responsibility in a period of sluggish economic growth. With a focus on Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, the paper will describe a changing political economy context, in which the private sector has gained power and space relative to the public sector, as a background for the analysis of relevant variables. These will include a comparative assessment of the role of: social pressure from civil society organizations; changing views from within business elites, and the dissemination of new management concepts (such as stakeholdership). The paper will also identify and explain a major difference within this set of countries: Brazil stands out for the depth and breadth of, and relative success in the promotion of corporate social responsibility. While in the other countries the rise of these organizations may be viewed as a response to crises, in Brazil it must be viewed as the result of the social relations established by business elites as they turned to opposition to the military regime in the late 1970s and early 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
29. An empirical analysis of long-term Brazilian interest rates.
- Author
-
Akram T and Uddin SA
- Subjects
- Brazil, Models, Economic, Models, Statistical, Models, Theoretical, Public Policy, Commerce, Economics, Inflation, Economic
- Abstract
This paper empirically models the dynamics of Brazilian government bond (BGB) yields based on monthly macroeconomic data, in the context of the evolution of the key macroeconomic variables in Brazil. The results show that the current short-term interest rate has a decisive influence on the long-term interest rate on BGBs, after controlling for various key macroeconomic variables, such as inflation and industrial production. These findings support John Maynard Keynes's claim that the central bank's actions influence the long-term interest rate on government bonds mainly through the current short-term interest rate. These findings have important policy implications for Brazil. This paper relates the findings of the estimated models to ongoing debates in fiscal and monetary policies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Between nature and the city: youth and ecotourism in an Amazonian ‘forest town’ on the Brazilian Atlantic Coast.
- Author
-
Neleman, Susanna and de Castro, Fábio
- Subjects
ECOTOURISM ,CONSERVATION of natural resources ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,BIODIVERSITY conservation ,FOREST conservation ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Reconciling conservation with rural development often constitutes a socio-environmental dilemma, in which ecotourism plays the part of either the panacea or the ‘poverty trap’ for local populations. Features of the local context, such as social heterogeneity, opportunities for education and jobs, and images of rural and urban life, provide a more nuanced understanding of this polarised debate. In this analysis of a youth ecotourism project, we consider that youth face distinct daily struggles and have aspirations in life that differ from those of the older generation. Therefore, the opportunities/constraints in and around protected areas influence and affect them in particular ways. In this paper, we address the gap in the literature on the position of young people living in peri-urban areas nearby conservation units, as we believe that these factors may shed some lights on the importance of intangible outcomes of sustainable development/conservation projects. Based on data from the peri-urban ‘forest town’ Curuçá on the Amazonian Atlantic coast of Brazil, we discuss how young people, involved in an ecotourism project in the Marine Extractive Reserve Mãe Grande de Curuçá, perceive their roles when it comes to conservation and development, education, jobs and their aspirations for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Adolph Wagner's economic thought in Brazil: money and public finance in the turn of the 20th century.
- Author
-
Bruzzi Curi, Luiz Felipe
- Subjects
PUBLIC finance ,ECONOMIC conditions in Brazil ,PUBLIC spending ,ECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
This paper addresses the dissemination of German economist Adolph Wagner's ideas in Brazil. It shows that his monetary thinking, inspired by Thomas Tooke and the Banking School, as well as his ideas on public finance, particularly the law of increasing state spending, were assimilated by two Brazilian economic thinkers: Rui Barbosa and Vieira Souto. The way these policymakers incorporated Wagner's ideas into their texts and the arguments with which they chose to engage show the kind of economic discourse they were shaping in Brazil. This analysis reveals the different functions that the original ideas could perform in another national context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Silver economy: opportunities and challenges to Brazil adopt the European Union’s strategy.
- Author
-
Felix, Jorge
- Subjects
POPULATION aging ,ECONOMIC activity ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC conditions of older people ,ECONOMICS ,POPULATION - Abstract
Copyright of Innovation: The European Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Religious Dissociation and Economic Appraisal in Brazil.
- Author
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François Dengah, H.
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,CHRISTIANITY ,DISSOCIATIVE disorders ,RELIGION & medicine ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Research on the association between religion and health often neglects to provide an explicit theoretical mechanism of influence between faith and well-being. This research posits that dissociative behaviors, such as glossolalia, may provide a biological pathway that influences both physiological and psychological health. This paper argues that religious dissociation acts as a moderator between economic stressors and psychobiological appraisal. Brazil, with its economic inequality and preponderance of religious dissociative rituals, provides an ideal context to examine religious dissociation as a moderator of stress. Utilizing data from a cross section of Brazilian faiths, this paper examines: (1) Whether individuals with low socioeconomic status preferentially participate and experience religious dissociative states and (2) whether dissociative states are correlated with greater psychological appraisal of status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Political Economy of Brazilian Industrial Policy (2003 - 2014): Main Vectors, Shortcomings and Directions to Improve Effectiveness.
- Author
-
Queiroz Guimarães, Alexandre
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,INDUSTRIAL policy ,NEOLIBERALISM ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The political economy of land struggle in Brazil under Workers' Party governments.
- Author
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Sauer, Sérgio and Mészáros, George
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,LAND reform ,INTERNATIONAL alliances - Abstract
This paper analyses the agrarian policies of the governments of Presidents Lula (2003-2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016) in the light of the contradiction between the historical support for land reform and agrarian social movements by the Workers' Party (PT) on the one hand, and the PT's more recent electoral and political alliances with agribusiness on the other. After more than a decade of progressive administrations, key government programmes have only accounted for marginal gains and in some cases setbacks, symbolized by the failure to expand the expropriation of new land and settle landless families on an adequate scale. The collapse of those alliances and 2016's impeachment process of President Rousseff marks the end of that cycle, highlighting strategic and policy failures. The paper examines government actions, the historical causes and roots of land conflicts, and struggles for land and territory, as well as the difficulties of mobilization. The paper focuses upon political disputes, particularly new processes of criminalization, economic disputes, surrounding the role of agribusiness, and the challenges related to struggles for land and territorial rights in a situation ruled by a progressive party and governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Climate change and agricultural productivity in Brazil: future perspectives.
- Author
-
Assunção, Juliano and Chein, Flávia
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,ECONOMICS ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,ECONOMIC impact of global warming ,ECONOMIC impact ,RAINFALL frequencies ,FARMERS ,RICARDIAN equivalence theorem - Abstract
This paper evaluates the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity. Cross-sectional variation in climate among Brazilian municipalities is used to estimate an equation in which geographical attributes determine agricultural productivity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predictions based on atmosphere–ocean, coupled with general circulation models (for 2030–2049), are used to simulate the impacts of climate change. Our estimates suggest that global warming under the current technological standards is expected to decrease the agricultural output per hectare in Brazil by 18 per cent, with the effects on municipalities ranging from−40 to+15 per cent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Physical and Human Capital and Brazilian Regional Growth: A Spatial Econometric Approach for the Period 1970–2010.
- Author
-
Lima, Ricardo Carvalho De Andrade and Silveira Neto, Raul Da Mota
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMETRIC models ,INCOME ,INVESTMENTS ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Public employment and income redistribution: causal evidence for Brazilian municipalities.
- Author
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Mattos, Enlinson and França, Vitor
- Subjects
INCOME inequality ,POLITICAL planning ,MUNICIPAL government ,MUNICIPAL officials & employees -- Salaries, etc. ,PUBLIC finance ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between public employment and income redistribution in Brazilian municipalities. First, we use the requirements set forth by the Fiscal Responsibility Act as an instrument for public employment variation across municipalities. Second, our results suggest that local public employment increases income concentration instead of fostering redistribution. This result puts into perspective the model provided in Alesina et al. (J. Urban Econ. 48:219-241, ) where public employment can be used as device for redistributing income in the United States. This seems to be an outcome of the current public employment structure and not an explicit public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The changing constellation of power and resistance in the global debate over agrofuels.
- Author
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Leopold, Aaron
- Subjects
BIOMASS energy ,ECONOMICS ,INTEREST during construction ,FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
This paper critically investigates the lack of meaningful policy change towards agrofuels (or biofuels) in the wake of the food vs. fuel and environmental sustainability debates of 2007-2008. The paper sketches the political economy of agrofuels in Brazil, the EU and the United States before analyzing the effects of the food vs. fuel crisis on European agrofuels governance formation from a neo-Gramscian perspective. It is illustrated that, before the food vs. fuel crisis provided critics with a global audience, agrofuels programs had been entrenched in agricultural policies by highly organized, well-funded capital interests. By offering a domestic, rural, agricultural alternative to fossil fuels, agrofuel proponents offered to make a business opportunity out of the fundamental problems of currently hegemonic, mobility, production and consumption systems. It was only with dramatic rise in food commodity prices over the course of 2007 and 2008 and subsequent space it discursively afforded a counter-hegemonic movement, that a truly global critical discussion of agrofuels came to fruition. The author concludes that, despite rhetorical discursive shifts in understandings of the social and ecological sustainability of agrofuels, agrofuel production continues to be supported today as before because the agrofuels project was and remains a predominantly economically motivated endeavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY IN BRAZIL.
- Author
-
Bourguignon, François, Ferreira, Francisco H. G., and Menéndez, Marta
- Subjects
OPPORTUNITY ,ECONOMICS ,EQUALITY ,INCOME ,INDEXES ,ECONOMIC indicators - Abstract
This paper proposes a measure of the contribution of unequal opportunities to earnings inequality. Drawing on the distinction between “circumstance” and “effort” variables in John Roemer's work on equality of opportunity, we associate inequality of opportunities with five observed circumstances which lie beyond the control of the individual—father's and mother's education; father's occupation; race; and region of birth. The paper provides a range of estimates of the importance of these opportunity-forming circumstances in accounting for earnings inequality in one of the world's most unequal countries. We also decompose the effect of opportunities into a direct effect on earnings and an indirect component, which works through the “effort” variables. The decomposition is applied to the distribution of male earnings in urban Brazil, in 1996. The five observed circumstances are found to account for between 10 and 37 percent of the Theil index, depending on cohort and allowing for the possibility of biased coefficient estimates due to unobserved correlates. On average, 60 percent of this impact operates through the direct effect on earnings. Parental education is the most important circumstance affecting earnings, but the occupation of the father and race also play a role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Poor politics - poor housing. Policy under the Collor government in Brazil (1990-92).
- Author
-
Valença, Márcio Moraes
- Subjects
SOCIAL action ,BRAZILIAN politics & government, 1985-2002 ,FEDERAL aid to community development ,PATRONAGE ,HOUSING & economics ,HOUSING policy ,ECONOMICS ,GOVERNMENT policy ,FINANCE - Abstract
Copyright of Environment & Urbanization is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
42. The Political Economy of Land Conflict in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon.
- Author
-
Simmons, CynthiaS.
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,POVERTY ,LAND reform ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems - Abstract
An important goal of regional development in the Brazilian Amazon was to enhance social welfare and alleviate dire poverty in other parts of the country by providing land to the poor. Nevertheless, both poverty and landlessness have persisted despite development policies that distributed billions of dollars on highway construction, loans, and outright subsidies. Inequitable land distribution has been held as a prime factor in land conflict across the country. Although episodes of conflict over land are common in Brazilian history, this paper focuses on agrarian issues that arose with the opening of the Amazon frontier in the 1970s. The paper presents a political economy approach that considers the role of hierarchical forces interacting across spatial scales, in creating conditions ripe for land conflict at the local level. The premise is that the Brazilian government, intending to bring about economic and social development, promoted contradictory strategies creating land scarcity. These strategies led to expansion of large ranching operations, creation of conservation units, and demarcation of indigenous reserves, which constrained the pool of land available for small farmer settlement. Empirical analysis employing regression and spatial statistics is used to test the proposed model, advancing previous efforts by applying spatial regression, incorporating improved indicators of conflict and explanatory variables generated by a Geographic Information System (GIS). The findings provide support for some elements of the argument, demonstrating statistically significant relationships between land conflict and land concentration, cattle ranching, and road construction. Finally, a case study analysis of a county in the heart of the land conflict zone is provided, illustrating the interaction of scalar forces, and the articulation of land conflict at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Folding papers.
- Subjects
- *
PERIODICAL publishing , *PUBLISHING , *INTERNET users , *ELECTRONIC publications , *ONLINE journalism , *ECONOMICS , *POLITICAL participation - Abstract
The article reports on the publishing industry in Brazil as an economic downturn and a declining interest in print magazines causes large publishing houses to downsize. Topics include how growing Internet use in Brazil has caused increased interest in online magazines, a profile of publishing house Editoria Abril, which has downsized after declining revenues in 2013, and concerns that online journalism has impacted the quality of Brazilian news.
- Published
- 2013
44. TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN PRODUCTION IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE BRAZILIAN PLASTICS AND STEEL INDUSTRIES.
- Author
-
TYLER, WILLIAM G.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC efficiency ,PRODUCTION functions (Economic theory) ,STEEL industry ,EMPIRICAL research ,ESTIMATION theory ,MATHEMATICAL programming ,DEVELOPING countries ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper estimates firm specific indexes of technical efficiency for the Brazilian plastics and steel industries. Two different indexes are employed for the empirical estimates—the Farrell index and an index developed from a linear programming approximation of a nonstochastic frontier production function specified in the Cobb-Douglas functional form. Evidence of substantial relative technical inefficiency is revealed. In both industries only a very small proportion of all the observed firms were producing amounts of output greater than 80 percent of that technically possible on the estimated frontier. Relative efficiency of the firms in the two industries was not seen to be significantly related to ownership (foreign or government), but tests did suggest a tendency for larger firms, possessing larger market shares, to be closer to the frontier than smaller firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Primary care physicians and infant mortality: Evidence from Brazil.
- Author
-
Russo, Letícia Xander, Scott, Anthony, Sivey, Peter, and Dias, Joilson
- Subjects
INFANT mortality ,INFANT care ,PRIMARY care ,PHYSICIANS ,MEDICAL personnel ,PANEL analysis - Abstract
Primary health care has been recognized as a critical strategy for improving population health in developing countries. This paper investigates the effect of primary care physicians on the infant mortality rate in Brazil using a dynamic panel data approach. This method accounts for the endogeneity problem and the persistence of infant mortality over time. The empirical analysis uses an eight-year panel of municipalities between 2005 and 2012. The results indicate that primary care physician supply contributed to the decline of infant mortality in Brazil. An increase of one primary care physician per 10,000 population was associated with 7.08 fewer infant deaths per 10,000 live births. This suggests that, in addition to other determinants, primary care physicians can play an important role in accounting for the reduction of infant mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Socioeconomic dynamics of a mining town in Amazon: a case study from Canaã dos Carajás, Brazil.
- Author
-
Matlaba, Valente José, Maneschy, Maria Cristina, Filipe dos Santos, Jorge, and Mota, José Aroudo
- Subjects
MUNICIPAL services ,CITIES & towns ,FINANCIAL crises ,IRON ores ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This research focuses on a mining frontier in the municipality of Canaã dos Carajás, located in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon. The method involved a combination of secondary data with field research. The latter is based on in-person interviews with a sample of 253 households. The paper analyzes the municipality and its inhabitant's socioeconomic situation and captures the views of residents about life in the town. The results showed that mining played an important role in increase of Canaã's income and exports, despite the late 2000s economic crises. Consequently, many socioeconomic indicators improved in Canaã. However, inequality increase and employment fall associated with S11D operation pose challenges to the municipality—currently and possibly in the future. Canaã expects high amounts of royalties of iron ore exploitation. These royalties can help the municipality's economy if the planning and political-institutional contexts are adequate. Field work dataset showed that Canaã's population is essentially migrant who arrived after 2004 seeking work and income opportunities, as an effect of mining growth. Nevertheless, people became more skeptical as a consequence of S11D operation and jobs loss, many businesses closure and drastic reduction of movement in the city. The results show the challenge to convert the increasing income from different stages of mining activity into permanently better and broader public services. This result is especially important in the studied case of a recent town located in the southeast Amazonia, whose dynamics are strongly linked to mining economics, and faces effects of changes in stages of large-scale mining projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Techno‐economic performance of sustainable international bio‐SNG production and supply chains on short and longer term.
- Author
-
Batidzirai, Bothwell, Schotman, Geert S., van der Spek, Mijndert W., Junginger, Martin, and Faaij, André P. C.
- Subjects
WOOD pellets ,COMPRESSED natural gas ,FUELING ,SUPPLY chains ,SYNTHETIC natural gas - Abstract
Synthetic natural gas (SNG) derived from biomass gasification is a potential transport fuel and natural gas substitute. Using the Netherlands as a case study, this paper evaluates the most economic and environmentally optimal supply chain for the production of biomass based SNG (so‐called bio‐SNG) for different biomass production regions and location of final conversion facilities, with final delivery of compressed natural gas at refueling stations servicing the transport sector. At a scale of 100 MWth, in, delivered bioSNG costs range from 18.6 to 25.9$/GJdelivered CNG while energy efficiency ranges from 46.8–61.9%. If production capacities are scaled up to 1000 MWth, in, SNG costs decrease by about 30% to 12.6–17.4$ GJdelivered CNG−1. BioSNG production in Ukraine and transportation of the gas by pipeline to the Netherlands results in the lowest delivered cost in all cases and the highest energy efficiency pathway (61.9%). This is mainly due to low pipeline transport costs and energy losses compared to long‐distance Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) transport. However, synthetic natural gas production from torrefied pellets (TOPs) results in the lowest GHG emissions (17 kg CO2e GJCNG−1) while the Ukraine routes results in 25 kg CO2e GJCNG−1. Production costs at 100 MWth are higher than the current natural gas price range, but lower than the oil prices and biodiesel prices. BioSNG costs could converge with natural gas market prices in the coming decades, estimated to be 18.2$ GJ−1. At 1000 MWth, bioSNG becomes competitive with natural gas (especially if attractive CO2 prices are considered) and very competitive with oil and biodiesel. It is clear that scaling of SNG production to the GWth scale is key to cost reduction and could result in competitive SNG costs. For regions like Brazil, it is more cost‐effective to densify biomass into pellets or TOPS and undertake final conversion near the import harbor. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. O BANCO DOS BRICS E SUA POTENCIAL INFLUÊNCIA SOBRE AS ASSIMETRIAS DO SISTEMA MONETÁRIO E FINANCEIRO INTERNACIONAL.
- Author
-
Naves de Deus, Larissa, De Conti, Bruno, and Bittes Terra, Fábio Henrique
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL finance ,ECONOMIC systems ,DEVELOPMENT banks ,MONEY ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Copyright of Geosul is the property of Geosul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Policing labor: the power of private security guards to search workers in Brazil.
- Author
-
da Silva Lopes, Cleber
- Subjects
PRIVATE security services ,LAW enforcement ,SECURITY management ,LABOR laws ,ECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
The losses caused by worker theft is one of the most concerning security problems for corporations. Private policing of the workplace is central to cutting down on such losses and keeping up profits. One of the most frequently used methods in such policing is searching workers. Despite the importance of searches and their potential for intrusion into individuals' right to privacy, the normative bases for and limits to the use of this power have so far been little studied. The aim of this paper is to analyze the legal foundations and limits imposed by the Brazilian State so that private security guards can conduct searches in the workplace. The analysis is based on a qualitative study of Brazilian labor law and a qualitative/quantitative study of 376 judicial decisions on searches collected randomly in two Brazilian states between 2010 and 2013. The data shows that searches can be conducted in the workplace based on the employer's right to manage production and protect their property. It also indicates the existence of relatively flexible limits to searches. Only a minority of the courts impose restrictions on searches similar to those set for police officers. Most judges allow more extensive searches than those permitted within the scope of public justice systems. The consequences of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Evolution of urban scaling: Evidence from Brazil.
- Author
-
Meirelles, Joao, Neto, Camilo Rodrigues, Ferreira, Fernando Fagundes, Ribeiro, Fabiano Lemes, and Binder, Claudia Rebeca
- Subjects
CITIES & towns ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,DECISION making ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
During the last years, the new science of cities has been established as a fertile quantitative approach to systematically understand the urban phenomena. One of its main pillars is the proposition that urban systems display universal scaling behavior regarding socioeconomic, infrastructural and individual basic services variables. This paper discusses the extension of the universality proposition by testing it against a broad range of urban metrics in a developing country urban system. We present an exploration of the scaling exponents for over 60 variables for the Brazilian urban system. Estimating those exponents is challenging from the technical point of view because the Brazilian municipalities’ definition follows local political criteria and does not regard characteristics of the landscape, density, and basic utilities. As Brazilian municipalities can deviate significantly from urban settlements, urban-like municipalities were selected based on a systematic density cut-off procedure and the scaling exponents were estimated for this new subset of municipalities. To validate our findings we compared the results for overlaying variables with other studies based on alternative methods. It was found that the analyzed socioeconomic variables follow a superlinear scaling relationship with the population size, and most of the infrastructure and individual basic services variables follow expected sublinear and linear scaling, respectively. However, some infrastructural and individual basic services variables deviated from their expected regimes, challenging the universality hypothesis of urban scaling. We propose that these deviations are a product of top-down decisions/policies. Our analysis spreads over a time-range of 10 years, what is not enough to draw conclusive observations, nevertheless we found hints that the scaling exponent of these variables are evolving towards the expected scaling regime, indicating that the deviations might be temporally constrained and that the urban systems might eventually reach the expected scaling regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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