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Background and aims Prohibitions on producing, distributing and selling cannabis are loosening in various jurisdictions around the world. This paper describes the diversification of cannabis supply laws and discusses the challenges to and opportunities for learning from these changes. Methods We document changes in cannabis supply laws that de jure legalized cannabis production for medical and/or non-medical purposes (excluding industrial hemp) in Australasia, Europe, North America and South America. We also highlight challenges to evaluating these legal changes based on our experiences studying cannabis laws and policies in the United States. Findings As of August 2016, two countries have passed laws to legalize large-scale cannabis production for non-medical purposes at the national (Uruguay) or subnational level (four US states). At least nine other countries legally allow (or will soon allow) cannabis to be supplied for medicinal purposes. Most of the changes in cannabis supply laws have occurred since 2010. The data available in most countries are inadequate for rigorously evaluating the changes in cannabis supply laws. Conclusion The evidence base for assessing changes in cannabis supply laws remains weak. Efforts should focus upon collecting information about quantities consumed and market transactions as well as validating self-report surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asia Pacific (AP) region is diverse and dynamic. It comprises over 40 economies, with about 24 markets that are relatively more active in terms of promulgating and implementing regulations that impact the biopharmaceutical industry and advance drug development. Although many country- and territory-specific regulations, often driven by the local economy and market dynamics, exist, the overall trend in the AP region is toward international harmonization and global convergence. More markets are now participating in the International Council on Harmonization (ICH), and there is growing interest in identifying and incorporating best practices from competent regulatory agencies. These include expedited pathways to speed access to new medicines, and incentives and other means to encourage innovation. In this paper, we provide a summary of recent activities in select AP markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at reports related to pharmaceutical medicine published in various journals. One report explores the value-based measures to medical care systems and pharmacoeconomics requirements in Asia. Another report focuses on issues concerning orphan disease and orphan drug policies across Europe. One study examines the frequency of treatment effect modification.