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F. W. Taylor (1856–1915) is a seminal figure in the history of industrial society and a key reference point for the study of technology, work and the organization of production. This paper locates Taylor's work in the broad historical development of formal systems and ‘rational’ management. The paper notes the historical continuities that link the ‘technologies of control’ which emerged in US industry during Taylor's lifetime and those which appear in contemporary work organizations. This is counterpoised with recent comment on the information technology and the ‘end’ of Taylorist work practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to consider the implications of emerging "megaregions" in the USA and the challenges they present to planning for large-scale systems of transportation infrastructure, environmental resources, and economic growth, and their implications for developing a national growth strategy. Design/methodology/approach - The paper examines the existing research on megaregions and their applications in addressing specific challenges in large geographical areas. It also discusses the efforts of a privately, led initiative to create a national growth strategy and how megaregions may provide an interim scale toward national planning. Findings - The paper finds that while ad hoc megaregional partnerships and governance will help lay the groundwork for large-scale investments and policies needed to address the expanding spatial dynamics of the twenty-first century economy, ultimately the USA requires a national plan to prepare for future growth. Originality/value - The recognition and study of US megaregions is relatively new. The contribution of this paper is that it discusses how megaregions might shape a national strategy for growth in the USA in the next half century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: During the entire period of the 2007-2009 global financial crisis, different types of countries showed different characteristics on their economic development process. Comparing the economic development process between different types of countries contributes a lot to get an in-depth understanding of the different impacts of the crisis on national economy. In this paper, the method of Functional Analysis of Variance (FANOVA) is applied to make a comparative study on the economic development process of different types of countries, including the differences on the economic growth rate, the time of the economy recession, the extent of the recession and the recovery situation of the economy. Moreover, the paper performs a dynamic test on the significance of the difference on the economic growth rate during the whole stage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper uses a game theoretic model to explain empirical research which has revealed higher relational satisfaction among married couples than cohabiting couples, as well as among married couples who did not cohabit before marriage. Despite these findings, in recent decades cohabitation rates have dramatically increased in both Europe and the United States. Instrumental variables estimations on data from 28 industrialized countries and 50 U.S. states show cohabitation strongly correlated with increases in women's labor force participation, where a 10 percent increase in women's labor force participation results in a 6.4 to 14.6 percent increase in cohabitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides evidence on the incidence of tariffs on products of export interest to developing countries by investigating the relationship between per capita incomes of US trading partners and tariff rates. It constitutes the first attempt to assess the incidence of tariffs imposed by the US on countries that span the entire range of per capita incomes. Average tariff rates are lower for the poorest and richest countries and higher for countries in the middle of the income distribution. This finding is not consistent with the widely held view that tariffs used by industrial nations bear more heavily on products of export interest to poorer developing countries than on imports from industrial nations. It is consistent with the tariff escalation pattern reported in earlier studies if advanced countries account for most products at the high end of the fabrication scale. Results show that poorest countries will find it difficult to escape tariffs by attaining higher levels of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in organizations first appeared between World War I and World War II, with the American studies led by Mayo. Since then, interest has grown and spread to most industrialized countries. In the sixties, in Anglo-Saxon countries and especially in the United States where research was first conducted, organizational analysis developed into an independent field of investigation. Economic growth, the proliferation and expansion of organizations and a marked tendency 'to rationalize the world' have compelled an increasing number of Western researchers to question the social dynamics of organized groups. This interest has been reinforced over the past few years by the failure of collectivist solutions, the growing popularity of private enterprise as well as by the type of management thinking that presently predominates in Western countries, but more generally by the prevalence of thinking about the world in organizational terms. Given this general tendency, which is observable in most industrialized countries, this paper aims to demonstrate how Francophone analysis has evolved and remains distinct to this day from Anglophone - and more particularly from the American mainstream - analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaldor's growth laws are applied to the post-World War II United States. Each variable employed in the time-series analysis is smoothed with a moving average. This procedure successfully mitigates the effects of short-term cyclical changes and emphasizes long-term economic growth. The empirical tests employing time-series, measuring long-term growth, indicate that Kaldor's laws are compatible with the economic growth of United States.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse post-World War II United States economic growth by applying Kaldor's growth laws. There have been several tests of Kaldor's laws of economic growth using cross-section data for industrially advanced countries (see Thirlwall, 1983). These studies although informative are not able to provide an account of Kaldor's laws in explaining variations of the economic growth of a country over time.
In this paper in order to apply Kaldor's laws to long-term economic growth, the annual growth of each variable employed in time-series analysis is smoothed with a moving average. This procedure, by emphasizing long-term economic growth, is in conformity with the intent of Kaldor's laws and successfully mitigates the effects of short-term cyclical changes. The empirical tests discussed below, employing time-series measuring long-term growth, reveal that Kaldor's laws are compatible with the economic growth of the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the U.S. Congress concern on the rising education in India and China that would affect the U.S. Competitiveness. It informs that the Business Trends Library assumes economic growth has been very slow and does not cause society to change significantly during a human life. It reflects that increasing consumption by post-industrial countries have created increasing imports of materials from outside and for this they must find means of paying. It informs that the countries including the U.S. and Great Britain are US are moving out of the mass production phase of economic development into the new level of post industrial development.

The article describes Herbert Hoover's determination to use the economic relationship between the U.S. and Latin America in the public and private realms to promote the cause of peace after the First World War. The author argued that Hoover failed to achieve his coveted objective because of his acceptance of a natural division of labor globally. He identified Latin America in a purely economic sense as potentially a vast marketplace for his country's manufactured and agricultural products, as a source of basic raw materials for industries. In his memoirs Hoover recalled that, although Latin America provided a receptive market for capital from the U.S., some of the loans bankers made to Latin America had been of a dubious quality

The United States has recently enjoyed faster economic growth than any other large industrialized country. The US also has the highest level of inequality among the G7 countries and has seen inequality increase faster than most other industrialized nations. The combination of rapid American economic growth and high and rising US inequality raises a question: Has rising inequality contributed to rapid US economic growth? This paper reviews modem theories linking inequality and economic growth and concludes that a relatively old theory suggested by Arthur Okun probably accounts for the recent combination of US growth and inequality. The country imposes fewer restrictions on economic agents and provides less help to people in distress. It makes fewer sacrifices in efficiency to achieve economic equality. Okun's theory has little difficulty explaining why these distinctive policies are associated with faster employment growth and higher average hours of work than are observed in other wealthy countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development is the term that has been associated with less developed countries in the Third World ("developing countries"), not the economically advanced countries ("developed countries"), such as the United States. However, the changing economic conditions in recent decades, such as the widening income gaps among individual citizens and regions within developed countries, stagnant economic growth deepening economic polarization, and an institutional incapacity to deal with these issues, render the concept of economic development relevant to the assessment of the economic problems in developed countries. In the United States, these economic problems caused a significant political consequence such as the unexpected outcome of the presidential election in 2016. This article examines the applicability of the legal and institutional approaches, which were originally adopted to stimulate economic development in successful developing countries, to the economic problems in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of developing country loan reschedulings on large U.S. banks is investigated using an event study methodology. The major finding concerns the evolving nature of the impact of loan reschedulings. During 1978-80, reschedulings had a positive effect on bank returns, in contrast to the negative impact found for the 1981-83 period. An explanation for these results is provided by a model of the rescheduling process that recognizes the noncompetitive aspect of rescheduling negotiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a study to determine the complexity of tax reform efforts in context with the fiscal and economic conditions in the U.S. The study informs that the U.S. collects lower revenues as compared with other industrialized countries, tax expenditures represents a large share of total spending by the U.S. government and all families in the U.S. pay taxes. The study mentions that lower tax rates will require elimination of dividend tax rates.

The article focuses on the increasing frugality of consumers. The rate of economic growth continues to decelerate all through the industrialized world because many consumers opt for frugal lifestyles. The Stanford Research Institute projects that almost five million American adults practice the life of voluntary simplicity. The phenomenon of frugality started when middle-class people reject high-consumption lifestyles in the industrialized world. American consumers continue to lose confidence on materialism and they are joined by other people who accept frugality because of the unstable economy.

The accountability movement in public policy hails a new programme for US foreign assistance - the Millennium Challenge Account established in 2004 with the aim of 'picking winners' for grants among developing countries based on their demonstrated quality of governance. This article uses the MCA's own rating system to dispute its claim to know in advance which countries are best positioned to meet major development goals. High governance scores alone bear little or no relationship to growth in national income or decline in poverty. Attempting to measure public-policy performance limits the range of choice available to policy-makers, and may inadvertently limit true performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the policy regarding poverty by the administration led by President Barack Obama in the U.S. There are said to be a number of Americans living in poverty for the late twentieth century. The condition was noticed despite economic developments and the nation being the leader of industrialized countries during the period. The Obama administration have initiated improvements in the poverty policy under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to tend to the effects of economic crisis.

The evolution of labor force participation rate is modeled using a lagged linear function of real economic growth, as expressed by GDP per capita. For the U.S., our model predicts at a two-year horizon with RMSFE of 0.28% for the period between 1965 and 2007. Larger part of the deviation between predicted and measured LFP is explained by artificial dislocations in measured time series induced by major revisions to the CPS methodology in 1979 and 1989. Similar models have been developed for Japan, the UK, France, Italy, Canada, and Sweden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although major disasters like the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricanes are infrequent, they dominate empirical loss distributions, as illustrated by a statistical analysis of flood losses in Louisiana. Extraordinary Federal emergency assistance has shifted a large portion of the burden of the 2005 floods to the rest of society, relieving financial stress in the disaster-stricken region but raising serious questions about the incentives for subnational governments to implement costly but efficient disaster avoidance policies in the future. The Federal government cannot credibly commit not to insure losses from future disasters, nor can it efficiently assume responsibility for land use, economic development, and other state and local government policies that affect disaster risk. Mandatory disaster reserves provide an alternative policy option through which actuarially fair Federal insurance could credibly strengthen the incentives for efficient subnational government disaster policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the condition of the U.S. in terms of human progress, as measured by social health standards, as of December 2000. Economic development does not necessarily equate with human progress. Human progress, as opposed to economic progress alone, encompasses a broad appraisal of a nation's social health. Observable indicators of social health include the well-being of children and youth, accessibility of health care, quality of education, adequacy of housing, security and satisfaction in work or labor, and the sense of community, citizenship, and diversity experienced in everyday life. The underlying thread connecting these indicators is a concern for the health and security of vulnerable groups in a nation's population. Although the U.S. is a developed nation, the low birth weight rate of African American babies in the U.S. is comparable to those in poor developing countries. This situation exposes a logical fallacy. Advanced science, technology, and economic growth should be expected to produce higher-quality health care delivery and stronger health outcomes for all groups in the population. Unfortunately, racial discrepancies in maternal and child health indicators in the U.S. demonstrate otherwise.

The article discusses that franchising methods that emerged in the late years as significant strategy for business growth, job creation, and economic development both in the U.S. and the world markets. The franchisers are sorted as product-trademarked or as business format franchisers. The business format of franchising is anticipated to be dominant form of franchising internationally in the twenty-first century . However, the business format of franchising has been experiencing rapid growth in the U.S., the period of rapid international expansion of some U.S. franchisers increased their overseas units.

Since at least the fifteenth century, when the western world began to move beyond feudal political economies and theologically dominated cultural beliefs, economic growth resulting in steadily increasing incomes and wealth has been viewed as an unquestioned benefit of "modernization." As the world moves into the 1990s and look forward to the twenty-first century, it is time to take a hard, realistic look at what has actually been happening to socioeconomic inequality at the height of industrialization in the United States, as well as what may become reality in the coming century. All of the data cited here were taken from the 1989 or earlier editions of the Statistical Abstract of the United States. The U.S. economy grew steadily between 1970 and 1987. The Gross National Product per capita rose from $13.4 thousand to $18.4 thousand, which was an increase of 39 percent. This national economic growth was due partly to a small increase in the proportion of the population that was gainfully employed, which rose from 58 percent in 1970 to 62 percent in 1987. Another aspect of the U.S. economy that is relevant to this analysis is the ratio of labor costs to output per hour of paid employment.