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Background: Depression is prevalent across the spectrum of Chronic Kidney Disease and associated with poorer outcomes. There is limited evidence regarding the most effective interventions and care pathways for depression in Chronic Kidney Disease., Objectives: To investigate how depression is identified and managed in adults with Chronic Kidney Disease., Design: Scoping review., Methods: Systematic search of eight databases with pre-defined inclusion criteria. Data relevant to the identification and/or management of depression in adults with Chronic Kidney Disease were extracted., Results: Of 2147 articles identified, 860 were included. Depression was most identified using self-report screening tools (n = 716 studies, 85.3%), with versions of the Beck Depression Inventory (n = 283, 33.7%) being the most common. A total of 123 studies included data on the management of depression, with nonpharmacological interventions being more frequently studied (n = 55, 45%). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (n = 15) was the most common nonpharmacological intervention, which was found to have a significant effect on depressive symptoms compared to controls (n = 10). However, how such approaches could be implemented as part of routine care was not clear. There was limited evidence for antidepressants use in people with Chronic Kidney Disease albeit in a limited number of studies., Conclusions: Depression is commonly identified using validated screening tools albeit differences exist in reporting practices. Evidence regarding the management of depression is mixed and requires better-quality trials of both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches. Understanding which clinical care pathways are used and their evidence, may help facilitate the development of kidney care specific guidelines for the identification and management of depression., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Renal Care published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Dialysis & Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association.)

The use of electronic patient-reported outcomes has increased recently, and smartphones offer distinct advantages over other devices. However, previous systematic reviews have not investigated the reliability of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6) when used with smartphones, and this has not been fully explored. This study aimed to evaluate the equivalence of the paper and smartphone versions of the CES-D, GAD-7, and K6, which were compared following a randomized crossover design method in 100 adults in Gunma, Japan. Participants responded to the paper and smartphone versions at 1-week intervals. The equivalence of paper and smartphone versions was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC agreement ). The mean participant age was 19.86 years (SD = 1.08, 23% male). The ICC agreements for the paper and smartphone versions of the CES-D, GAD-7, and K6 were 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-0.83), 0.68 (95% CI 0.59-0.77), and 0.83 (95% CI 0.75-0.88), respectively. Thus, the CES-D and K6 scales are appropriate for use in a smartphone version, which could be applied to clinical and research settings in which the paper or smartphone versions could be used as needed.

A growing body of literature has demonstrated the preventive role of physical activity in depression, and relevant research is rapidly on the rise. The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the 50 most-cited review papers on physical activity and depression, thus identifying important research topics and future research directions., Methods: The 50 most-cited review articles were identified and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database (on 31 st October 2022), and a bibliometric citation analysis was performed using the Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software (Version 1.6.18). Information on the country, authors of publications, publishing journals, citations (i.e., total or annual), keywords, and other meaningful data was analysed comprehensively., Results: The 50 most-cited review articles received, on average, 247.5 citations per article. Most review articles were from England, with contributions from some highly cited researchers and research teams. Western countries/regions, such as England, Australia, and the USA were the most influential in publishing review articles on physical activity and depression. The Journal of Affective Disorders and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were the journals that published the most highly cited review articles on physical activity and depression. Important research topics on the literature on physical activity and depression focused on (1) different types of physical activity and depression; (2) intervention studies related to physical activity and depression; (3) fitness and physical activity levels in people with depression; (4) methodological analyses in physical activity and depression studies; and (5) the impact of physical activity on depression in different populations., Conclusion: This study reveals that review studies on physical activity and depression have great potential to develop further knowledge. This study also highlights some future research directions, which can serve to effectively advance the knowledge base., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The menopause transition, which constitutes the five or so years surrounding the final menstrual period, has been established as a time of increased risk for depressive symptoms. While mounting research suggests that exposure to more extreme and fluctuating levels of estradiol (E2) plays a role, it remains unclear which specific trigger is most strongly implicated in the development of depressive mood: acute E2 withdrawal or extreme increases in E2. The current review summarises the literature supporting the role of each, considering research pertaining to perimenopausal depression as well as other reproductive mood disorders in which ovarian hormone change is believed to play a key role, namely premenstrual dysphoric disorder and postpartum depression. Taking together the available research pertaining to the various reproductive mood disorders, we propose that women may exhibit one of four E2 sensitivity profiles, each of which may have important implications for the expected timing and severity of depressive mood during the menopause transition: the E2-increase sensitive profile, developing depressive mood in response to elevations in E2, the E2-decrease sensitive profile, for whom E2 withdrawal triggers negative mood, the E2-change sensitive profile, characterised by mood sensitivity to E2 change in either direction, and the E2 insensitive profile for whom changes in E2 have negligible psychological effects. The evidence supporting the existence of such profiles are summarised, potential biological mechanisms are briefly highlighted, and implications for future research are discussed., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Perinatal depression can have enduring adverse effects on women and their children and families, incurring substantial ongoing economic and personal costs. A significant proportion of the cost of perinatal depression relates to adverse impacts on the child, most likely mediated through impairment to the mother-infant relationship. In recognition of this problem, Australia has invested in routine perinatal depression screening. Our previous research produced convergent findings suggesting that expected benefits for children have not yet been realised through perinatal depression screening. We question the potential of including a measure of personality in current perinatal depression screening for identifying maternal mental health problems and suboptimal mother-infant relationships. This paper reviews our previous research findings within the broader context of perinatal depression screening. We propose a position, that perinatal depression screening in Australia should be redesigned to more precisely detect vulnerable mother-infant relationships, parenting, maternal mental health, and infant psychosocial and psychological development. Practice change to appropriately target antenatal interventions may more efficiently improve both maternal and child outcomes, thereby contributing to greater efficiency and cost savings for the health system., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Introduction: Depression symptoms, frequently diagnosed in older patients with cancer, impacts on oncological treatment feasibility. The Francophone Society of Geriatric Oncology (SOFOG) has initiated a systematic review on depression treatment in older patients with cancer, to advocate guidelines., Data Sources: Medline via PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL., Methods: We included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, reviews and meta-analysis, retrospective and prospective cohort studies, qualitative studies, and guidelines published between January 2013 and December 2018 that involved depression with cancer in which the entire sample or a sub-group aged 65 and above. Efficacy and tolerance of depression treatment were examined, as a primary or secondary outcome, among articles published in French or English., Results: Of 3171 references, only seven studies met our eligibility criteria. This systematic review reveals a lack of evidence-based knowledge in this field, preventing from making any recommendations on drug and non-drug therapies. It has highlighted the need for multidisciplinary collaboration with the French and Francophone Society of Psycho-Oncology., Conclusion: In clinical practice, we advise health professionals to use the screening process not as a result but rather as an opportunity to engage with the patient and also to question the need for antidepressants and non-drug therapies.

Background: Major international guidelines recommend mental health screening during the perinatal period. However, substantial barriers to screening have been reported by pregnant and postpartum women and perinatal care providers. E-screening offers benefits that may address implementation challenges., Objective: The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Web-based mental health e-screening compared with paper-based screening among pregnant women. A secondary objective was to identify factors associated with women's preferences for e-screening and disclosure of mental health concerns., Methods: Pregnant women recruited from community and hospital-based antenatal clinics and hospital-based prenatal classes were computer-randomized to a fully automated Web-based e-screening intervention group or a paper-based control group. Women were eligible if they spoke or read English, were willing to be randomized to e-screening, and were willing to participate in a follow-up diagnostic interview. The intervention group completed the Antenatal Psychosocial Health Assessment and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale on a tablet computer, while controls completed them on paper. All women completed self-report baseline questions and were telephoned 1 week after randomization by a blinded research assistant for a MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Renker and Tonkin's tool of feasibility and acceptability of computerized screening was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of e-screening compared with paper-based screening. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. To identify factors associated with preference for e-screening and disclosure, variables associated with each outcome at P<.20 were simultaneously entered into final multivariable models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% CIs., Results: Of the 675 eligible women approached, 636 agreed to participate (participation rate 94.2%) and were randomized to the intervention (n=305) or control (n=331) groups. There were no significant baseline differences between groups. More women in the e-screening group strongly or somewhat agreed that they would like to use a tablet for answering questions on emotional health (57.9%, 175/302 vs 37.2%, 121/325) and would prefer using a tablet to paper (46.0%, 139/302 vs 29.2%, 95/325), compared with women in the paper-based screening group. There were no differences between groups in women's disclosure of emotional health concerns (94.1%, 284/302 vs 90.2%, 293/325). Women in the e-screening group consistently reported the features of e-screening more favorably than controls (more private or confidential, less impersonal, less time-consuming). In the multivariable models, being in the e-screening group was significantly associated with preferring e-screening (AOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.66-3.17), while no factors were significantly associated with disclosure., Conclusions: The findings suggest that mental health e-screening is feasible and acceptable to pregnant women., Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01899534; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01899534 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6ntWg1yWb)., (©Dawn Kingston, Marie-Paule Austin, Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten, Paula Harvalik, Rebecca Giallo, Sarah D McDonald, Glenda MacQueen, Lydia Vermeyden, Gerri Lasiuk, Wendy Sword, Anne Biringer. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 07.04.2017.)

Background: The serotonin system and hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis are each implicated in the pathway to depression; human and animal research support these systems' cross-talk. Our work implicates a 5-variant additive serotoninergic multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) and separately the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in the prospective prediction of depression; other work has shown that the serotonin transporter polymorphism 5HTTLPR predicts CAR and interacts with the CAR to predict depression., Methods: We tested the hypothesis that a 6-variant MGPS (original plus 5HTTLPR) would interact with CAR to predict prospective depressive episode onsets in 201 emerging adults using four annual follow-up interviews. We also tested whether MGPS predicted CAR. We attempted replication of significant findings in a sample of 77 early adolescents predicting depression symptoms., Results: In sample 1, MGPS did not significantly predict CAR. MGPS interacted with CAR to predict depressive episodes; CAR slopes for depression steepened as MGPS increased, for risk or protection. No single variant accounted for results, though CAR's interactions with 5HTTLPR and the original MGPS were both significant. In sample 2, the 6-variant MGPS significantly interacted with CAR to predict depression symptoms., Conclusions: Higher serotonergic MGPS appears to sensitize individuals to CAR level-for better and worse-in predicting depression., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is a widely used patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool designed to screen for depressive symptoms and assess their severity. In recent years, with advancements in digital technology, the BDI-II has been adapted for use as an electronic PRO (ePRO) tool. However, to the best of our knowledge, the reliability of the smartphone version of the BDI-II has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to assess the equivalence of the traditional paper and smartphone versions of the BDI-II. Methods: This study employed a randomized crossover design with adults (n = 100) from the Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Participants completed both the paper and smartphone versions of the BDI-II at 1-week intervals. The equivalence between the two versions was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCagreement). Additionally, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were calculated for both versions. Results: The mean age of the participants was 19.78 years (SD = 0.94, 10% male). The ICCagreement between the paper and smartphone versions of the BDI-II was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74–0.87). Cronbach's alpha was 0.88 (95% CI 0.84–0.91) for the paper version and 0.88 (95% CI 0.84–0.91) for the smartphone version. McDonald's omega was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81–0.95) for the paper version and 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.93) for the smartphone version. Conclusions: The BDI-II is suitable for use in its smartphone version, and the smartphone version of the BDI-II is a valuable addition to the mental healthcare professional's toolkit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines whether the Internet-based questionnaire is psychometrically equivalent to the paper-based questionnaire. A random sample of 2,400 teachers in Taiwan was divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was invited to complete the electronic form of the Chinese version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) placed on the Internet, whereas the control group was invited to complete the paper-based CES-D, which they received by mail. The multisample invariance approach, derived from structural equation modeling (SEM), was applied to analyze the collected data. The analytical results show that the two groups have equivalent factor structures in the CES-D. That is, the items in CES-D function equivalently in the two groups. Then the equality of latent mean test was performed. The latent means of "depressed mood," "positive affect," and "interpersonal problems" in CES-D are not significantly different between these two groups. However, the difference in the "somatic symptoms" latent means between these two groups is statistically significant at alpha = 0.01. But the Cohen's d statistics indicates that such differences in latent means do not apparently lead to a meaningful effect size in practice. Both CES-D questionnaires exhibit equal validity, reliability, and factor structures and exhibit a little difference in latent means. Therefore, the Internet-based questionnaire represents a promising alternative to the paper-based questionnaire.

As interest grows in creating computerized versions of established paper-and-pencil (P&P) questionnaires, it becomes increasingly important to explore whether changing the administration modes of questionnaires affects participants' responses. This study investigated whether mode effects exist when administering the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale by a personal digital assistant (PDA) versus the classic P&P mode. The Differential Functioning of Items and Tests (DFIT) procedure identified mode effects on the overall test and individual items. A mixed-effects regression model summarized the mode effects in terms of CES-D scores, and identified interactions with covariates. When the P&P questionnaire was administered first, scores were higher on average (2.4-2.8 points) than those of the other administrations (PDA second, PDA first, and P&P second), and all 20 questionnaire items exhibited a statistically significant mode effect. Highly educated people and younger people demonstrated a smaller difference in scores between the two modes. The mode-by-order effect influenced the interpretation of CES-D scores, especially when screening for depression using the established cut-off scores. These results underscore the importance of evaluating the cross-mode equivalence of psychosocial instruments before administering them in non-established modes.

Introduction and purpose: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric illness, affecting millions of people worldwide. The first line of pharmacological treatment is usually monoamine reuptake inhibitors. Up to 60% of cases, may be drug-resistant patients, prompting researchers to research substances other than conventional. 1 The purpose of this article was to review recent studies on the use of ketamine in the treatment of drug-resistant depression and present their findings. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Ketamine has been a well-known drug used in anesthesiology and pain management for decades. Because of its multidirectional effects, researchers have become interested in its effects on psychiatric illnesses. Over the past decade or so, there has been a definite increase in research and articles on the use of ketamine in psychiatry. The study has resulted in FDA approval of esketamine for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression in adults in 2019. Material and method: This article is the result of searching keywords on databases such as Google Scholar and Pubmed and collecting scientific literature about depression and ketamine. Articles were preselected by title, number of citations, source, and publication date. Summary: Ketamine has the potential to be a treatment for drug-resistant depression. Its effectiveness varies with the form and dosage, with racemic and higher doses offering greater therapeutic benefits. Ketamine's efficacy is on par with the electroconvulsive therapy. Its onset is faster than traditional antidepressants, significantly reducing suicide risk in a shorter time frame. While the precise mechanisms of its antidepressant effects are not fully understood, it is suggested that its impact on brain neuroplasticity may contribute to the rapid onset of action. Growing evidence supports ketamine's effectiveness in treating TRD, highlighting the need for further research in this area.

Abstract Psychological aspects of rehabilitation nutrition affect physical, cognitive, and social rehabilitation nutrition. When depression is recognized, not only pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, but also non‐pharmacological therapies such as exercise, nutrition, psychosocial, and other interventions can be expected to improve depression. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and intervention without overlooking depression is important. Psychological aspects of preventive rehabilitation nutrition is also important because depression can be partially prevented by appropriate exercise and nutritional management. Even in the absence of psychological negatives, increasing more psychological positives from a positive psychology perspective can be useful for both patients and healthcare professionals. Positive rehabilitation nutrition interventions can increase more psychological positives, such as well‐being, through cognitive‐behavioral therapy and mindfulness on their own, as well as through interventions on environmental factors. Consequently, physical, cognitive, and social positives are also expected to be enhanced.

This study added to understanding of the recovery model of depression in adolescents by testing whether hope mediates the link between enhancing attributional style (EAS) and depression using two independent samples. Study 1 used cross-sectional data from 378 students (51% female) in fifth through seventh grade students. Study 2 used data from 546 (50% female) seventh and eighth grade students at two time points: January and May within the same year. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that EAS indirectly predicted depression. Cross-sectional and prospective analyses indicated that stable attributions, in particular, were associated with lower levels of depression through higher levels of hope. Notably, contrary to expectations, global attributions consistently predicted higher levels of depression. Results suggest that hope mediates the association between attributional stability for positive events and reductions in depression over time. The importance of investigating attributional dimensions is emphasized as implications and future research directions are discussed., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: As milder cases of adolescent depression do not meet treatment thresholds for specialist mental health services, young people often receive support from non-qualified professionals in third-sector/voluntary agencies. Early psychological interventions to meet growing demand with limited resources are crucial., Objectives: The study aimed to explore the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of interpersonal counselling for adolescents by (1) assessing the feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures; (2) exploring the delivery of, and differences between, interpersonal counselling for adolescents and treatment as usual; (3) evaluating the extent of contamination of the control arm and if it should be mitigated against in a future trial; and (4) investigating whether the interval estimate of benefit of interpersonal counselling for adolescents over treatment as usual in depression post treatment includes a clinically significant effect., Design: This was a feasibility randomised controlled trial. Non-qualified professionals from non-specialist mental health services received interpersonal counselling for adolescent training. Participants were randomised to receive either interpersonal counselling for adolescents plus treatment as usual or treatment as usual only. Assessments occurred at baseline and were followed up at weeks 5, 10 and 23. A health economics component was included to inform the design of the economic evaluation in a future study. A process evaluation examined implementation of the intervention across settings, acceptability and contamination. Interviews, observations and focus groups were analysed using thematic analysis. Session recordings were analysed using conversation analysis., Setting: The trial was conducted in 13 non-speicialist mental health services across Norfolk and Suffolk., Participants: Help-seeking adolescents aged 12-18 years with mild depression as the primary difficulty were eligible to participate. Comorbid presentations were not an exclusion criterion. Of a target of 60, 16 participants were randomised, and 2 participants withdrew following study suspensions related to COVID-19. Of the remaining 14 participants, 7 received an intervention, with 3 receiving interpersonal counselling for adolescents and 4 receiving treatment as usual. The rest either disengaged, withdrew or were signposted., Interventions: Participants were randomised to receive either interpersonal counselling for adolescents plus treatment as usual or treatment as usual only., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale, although the proposed study was not designed to assess efficacy. The primary output of the feasibility trial was to design a subsequent full-scale trial., Results: Feasibility outcomes did not meet the estimated progression criteria. Despite efforts to increase referrals, the 80% recruitment rate was not achieved. Interpersonal counselling for adolescents' attendance rates at 10 weeks were less than the 70% progression criteria estimation, impacting intervention feasibility. Retention was high, with 85.7% of participants reaching 23-week follow-up. The health economic measures appeared to perform well and were completed. Implementation and theoretical fidelity of interpersonal counselling for adolescents were analysed from four participant recordings. Adherence to the principles of interpersonal counselling for adolescents was identified, with 100% satisfactory fidelity and no indication of contamination in the control arm. The two interventions were clinically non-significant due to the study being underpowered., Limitations: The feasibility of the randomised controlled trial was impacted by COVID-19. Services had to change standard practices, disrupting trial procedures. Challenges were identified when implementing a randomised controlled trial in non-specialist services., Conclusions: Findings indicate a randomised controlled trial of interpersonal counselling for adolescents in non-specialist services is not feasible, yet the data collection and outcome measures were suitable. COVID-19 challenges, sites' lack of familiarity with research procedures and the research team's unfamiliarity with how different early intervention services operate led to challenges. High staff shortages, turnover and inconsistent training could have been considered. This study demonstrated the difficulties in conducting a randomised controlled trial in this service setting. Further work is needed to improve the feasibility of conducting such trials before they are attempted in future., Trial Registration: This trial is registered as ISRCTN82180413., Funding: This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: 17/112/16) and is published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research ; Vol. 12, No. 48. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

Purpose: To extend knowledge about measurement equivalence of depression measures assessed by tablet and paper-pencil administration, the present study evaluated the effect of mode of administration (MoA) on scale and item level for the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Aachen Depression Item Bank (ADIB) in elderly patients., Methods: Primary care patients (N = 193, ≥60 years) were assessed following a crossover design in Leipzig, Germany. All participants filled out the PHQ-9 and the ADIB in both MoAs under study. Effects of MoA were analyzed by intra-class correlation, mixed-effects regression, and differential item functioning (DIF). Additionally, detection rates between both MoAs were compared using receiver operating characteristics analysis compared to a diagnostic interview (SCID-I, N = 163)., Results: No effect of MoA was found in the PHQ-9 on scale score or item level. Two ADIB items showed DIF according to MoA. In terms of discriminatory power, MoA did not influence detection rates of both instruments., Conclusions: In summary, our findings suggest that no severe effect of mode of administration on self-report assessments of depression should be expected. It can be concluded that tablets provide a valid way to electronically assess depressive symptoms in elderly patients. Yet changes in item presentation can influence the psychometric properties and require equivalence testing using sophisticated analyses on item level such as DIF.

Introduction: Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is defined by short-lasting, stroke-like symptoms, and is recognised as a medical emergency. Symptoms are assumed to completely resolve, and treatment is focused on secondary stroke/TIA prevention. However, evidence suggests that patients with TIA may experience ongoing residual impairments, which they do not receive therapy for as standard practice. TIA-induced sequelae could impact on patients' quality of life and ability to return to work or social activities. We aim to investigate whether TIA is associated with subsequent consultation for fatigue, psychological or cognitive impairment in primary care., Methods and Analysis: A retrospective open cohort study of patients with first-ever TIA and matched controls. Relevant data will be extracted from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database, an anonymised primary care database which includes data for over 12 million patients and covers approximately 6% of the UK population. Outcomes will be the first consultation for fatigue, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or cognitive impairment. Principal analysis will use Kaplan-Meier survivor functions to estimate time to first consultation, with log-rank tests to compare TIA and control patients. Cox proportional hazard models will predict the effect of demographic and patient characteristics on time to first consultation., Ethics and Dissemination: Approval was granted by a THIN Scientific Review Committee (ref: 14-008). The study's findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at national and international conferences and through social media., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.)

There are over 1.4 million adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, the majority of whom acquired the virus through perinatal transmission (PHIV). HIV stigma is particularly high among adolescents living with HIV and is associated with several outcomes that worsen health and increase the risk of onward HIV transmission. We tested associations between internalized HIV stigma and four of these outcomes over a one-year period among a sample of adolescent boys living with PHIV in Soweto, South Africa. Participants (N = 241) answered questions about internalized HIV stigma at baseline. They completed weekly mobile surveys over the following year to answer questions about their experiences with depression, binge drinking, medication adherence, and violence victimization. Using generalized linear mixed models, we found that baseline internalized HIV stigma was associated with increased odds of depression (OR 1.74), alcohol misuse (OR 2.09), and violence victimization (OR 1.44) and decreased odds of medication adherence (OR 0.60) over the course of a year. These outcomes negatively impact the health and wellbeing of adolescents living with PHIV and increase their risk of transmitting HIV to their partners in the future. Our findings provide novel, longitudinal evidence for the deleterious effects of HIV stigma. To improve health outcomes for adolescents with PHIV, it will be crucial to develop effective HIV stigma reduction interventions that address specific developmental, gendered, and cultural experiences., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A growing body of research suggested that there was a link between poor periodontal health and systemic diseases, particularly with the early development of cognitive disorders, dementia, and depression. This is especially true in cases of changes in diet, malnutrition, loss of muscular endurance, and abnormal systemic inflammatory response. Our study aimed to determine the extent of these associations to better target the multi-level healthy aging challenge investigating the impact of periodontal disease on cognitive disorders (cognitive impairment and cognitive decline), dementia, and depression. We conducted a comprehensive literature search up to November 2023 using six different electronic databases. Two independent researchers assessed the eligibility of 7363 records against the inclusion criteria and found only 46 records that met the requirements. The study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023485688). We generated random effects pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate whether periodontal disease increased the risk of the investigated outcomes. The quality assessment revealed moderate quality of evidence and risk of bias. Periodontal disease was found to be associated with both cognitive disorders (relative risk (RR) 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.40, in the analysis of cross-sectional studies); cognitive impairment (RR 3.01, 95% CI 1.52-5.95 for longitudinal studies, cognitive decline); and dementia (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.36). However, no significant increased risk of depression among subjects with periodontal disease was found (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.95-1.21). Despite the association with two of the three explored outcomes, the available evidence on periodontal diseases and dementia, cognitive disorders, and depression is controversial due to several limitations. Therefore, further investigations involving validated and standardized tools are required., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Aging Association.)

Using data from eight waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, we study the cross-domain and cross-spouse spillover of health among married adults aged 50 and above in England. We apply the system generalized method of moments to linear dynamic panel models for physical, mental, and cognitive health, controlling for individual heterogeneity and the influence of marriage market matching and shared environments. Our findings reveal bidirectional spillovers between memory abilities and mobility difficulty among men, as well as between depressive symptoms and mobility difficulty among women. Worsening mobility increases the risk of depression in men, but not vice versa. Additionally, gender-specific cross-spouse effects are observed. Women's mental health is significantly influenced by their spouse's mental health, while this effect is weaker for men. Conversely, men's mental health is notably affected by their spouse's physical health. These results highlight the importance of considering spillovers within families and across health domains when developing policies to promote health and reduce health disparities among the elderly population., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)