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• Government policy shall address the strategic nature of local resource use decisions. • Local resource users face linked coordination, prisoner's dilemma, and zero-sum/externality situations. • Governments shape the behavior of local resource users via bundles of policy instruments. • Policy instruments contribute to local collective action via a handful of mechanisms. This paper presents a diagnostic approach to the role and capacity of governments to facilitate local collective action and alleviate environmental problems. The paper adds to a nascent scholarship aiming to conciliate theories on "governance by government" and "governance by self-organization". We adopt two premises for that purpose: (1) policy instruments shall be tailored to the strategic nature of local resource management decisions; and (2) such nature is not static and can be modified via governmental policies. We first build on the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to characterize the decision-making situations that local resource users face and the local rules that shape said situations. Then, based on common pool resource (CPR) and policy instrument choice theory, we identify four mechanisms through which different policy instruments can facilitate local collective action (change in payoffs and their perception, reduction of transaction costs, reduction of uncertainty, and normative consonance). This analytical approach is then applied to four illustrative cases of water management in Germany, France, Greece and Spain. As shown, local resource users are embedded in not one but many overlapping decision-making situations. In this context, the promotion of collective action is rarely accomplished via a single policy instrument or mechanism but via bundles of them. Also, the paper illustrates the importance of understanding how governmental policies modify the structure of rules and incentives that affect local resource users, potentially facilitating local collective action and the solution of environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reassesses the domain of the business ethics curriculum and, drawing on recent shifts in the business environment, maps out some suggestions for extending the core ground of the discipline. It starts by assessing the key elements of the dominant English- language business ethics textbooks and identifying the domain as reflected by those publications as `where the law ends' and `beyond the legal minimum'. Based on this, the paper identifies potential gaps and new areas for the discipline by drawing on four main aspects. First, it argues that the domain of business ethics requires extensions dependent on the particular geographic region where the subject is taught. A second factor for broadening the scope is the impact of recent scandals, which arguably direct the focus of ethical inquiry towards the nature of the business systems in which individuals and corporations operate. Third, the impact of globalization and its result on growing corporate involvement in regulatory processes is discussed. Fourth and finally, business ethics reaches beyond the traditional constituencies of `economic stake-holders' as new actors from civil society enter the stage of ethical decision making in business. We conclude by suggesting that a reconsideration of the domain of business ethics, especially in Europe, is timely, but that to do so represents a major challenge to business ethics educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the highlights of conferences that were held in Europe that focused on Accounting and Economics. The relationship of accounting and economics has long been an issue for discussion. On the one hand, there has been a major import from microeconomic theory to accounting. Under the view of modern theories such as agency theory, signaling, incomplete contracts and game theory, accounting is a system for providing information, private or public, verified or not verified, and so on. There was a lecture, which Joel Demski had been invited to give, and five sessions in which a total of 21 papers were presented. Joel Demski discussed modern approaches and issues in cost and financial accounting. He analyzed the implicit assumptions that underlay much of activity-based costing and the theory of cost literature. Some of the studies providing the empirical evidence of cost drivers were contrasted to the economic structure of the corresponding problems.

The EU decarbonization strategy foresees deep cuts in CO2 in the transport sector. Investment in infrastructure, manufacturing of new technology vehicles and production of alternative fuels induce macroeconomic changes in activity and employment for both national and regional economies. The objective of the paper is to present a newly built macroeconomic-regional model (GEM-E3-R general equilibrium model for economy, energy and environment for regions) for assessing impacts of transport sector restructuring on regional economies of the entire EU, segmented following NUTS-3 (nomenclature of territorial units of statistics). The model combines general economic equilibrium theory with location choice and New Economic Geography and implements a dynamic, fully endogenous agglomeration-dispersion mechanism for people and industries coupled with a gravity model for bilateral interregional flows. A novelty of the model is a two-layers structure: (i) the country-wide layer formulated as a global multi-sector, multi-country and multi-period computable general equilibrium (CGE) model; and (ii) the regional economy layer, which simulates impacts on regional economies, while considering country-wide economic trends as boundary conditions. The paper presents a use of the model in the assessment of regional economic effects of electrification of car mobility in Europe and wide use of domestically produced advanced biofuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methodologies for analysis of industrial marketing decision systems are extended to allow systematic comparisons over decisions and over firms. Three such systems used by two firms to price and plan volumes for the French market are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. This study describes a decision-theoretic approach to nutrient assessment based on Bayesian methods, which can be used to give accurate estimates of optimum intakes. Analysis of risk is an incomplete technique for dealing with nutrients and other substances that, by definition, have an associated benefit. Results. This paper shows that the risk analysis methods being developed by the Codex Commission on Nutrition and European Food Safety Authority, among others, are inappropriate for assessing safe nutrient intake levels. Decision theoretic methods incorporate benefits associated with these essential nutrients, as well as potential risk. Conclusion. These methods allow for missing or incomplete data, which conventional risk analysis does not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the methodological approach applied within the FP5-funded ‘Practical Evaluation Tools for Urban Sustainability’ (PETUS) project to test the applicability of the developed ‘decision support system’ (DSS) with current working practices and varying local conditions in different European countries. The effectiveness criteria applied, the testing strategy, procedures and instruments are outlined. The author analyses the results of the collaboration with potential end-users of the DSS during the testing and discusses the contributions made by testing to the DSS development, to the debate on sustainability in urban policy and in the broader ‘theory-practice’ dialogue. The work shows a need for further mutual learning of theory and practice about urban change, political processes and partnerships to build on the path to sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on various congresses and conventions related to management science. It is reported that the Canadian Operational Research Society held its Conference and Annual Meeting in Quebec City in May. The Conference was quite successful, with 22 sessions over three days. The Conference on Modeling of Large-Scale Energy Systems took place at the International institute of Applied Systems Analysis, in Laxenburg, a suburb of Vienna, from February 25-29, 1980. There were about 150 attendees from virtually every country in Europe, both cast and west, as well as from Latin America, some Arab countries, Pakistan, and Japan. Most of them came from organizations that were actually building models of large-scale energy systems. In addition to the opening and closing ceremonies and a couple of panel discussions, there were nearly 40 technical papers presented, each 30 to 45 minutes long. More than half of these were confined to descriptions of particular models. The basic subject matters of these papers were large and complex mathematical models, which could be manipulated only by simulation on a computer.

Research journals play a significant role in the generation, dissemination, and sharing of knowledge in an academic discipline. To a great extent, the editorial board members of these research journals manage and control the generation, dissemination, and sharing of knowledge. They also act as policymakers, gatekeepers, and trendsetters. In their latter roles, editorial board members can influence several factors in a discipline; namely, the research topics, the research methods, the research scope, and whose articles are published. The primary goal of this study is to investigate and report on the status of the editorial boards memberships in a set of 14 leading Information Systems (IS) journals. The study does this along the following three main diversity elements namely titles, gender, academic institution, and the geographical location of the editorial boards' members. The set of 14 journals include the IS basket of 8 journal list. Of the 14 reviewed journals, 7 are domiciled in the US and 7 in Europe. Results reveal a lack of common editorial board classification criteria whereby members of the editorial boards were categorized into different groups and referred to using various titles such as senior editors, associate editors, editorial board members, editorial review board members, and board of editors. Also, the results show that, as of June 2020, the 14 IS journals' editorial boards had 1214 instances (988 unique occurrences) of editorial board members who came from 44 unique countries. Of those 988 editorial board members, 253 (26%) were females while 736 (74%) were males. In addition, out of the 988 editorial board members, 48% were from US and Canada, 26% were from Europe, and 26% were from the rest of the world. The results also reveal the schools and faculty with the highest number of editorial board memberships. Having significant number of editorial board members from US and Europe (74%) fits with what Kubota (2019) called epistemological racism; a practice in which the Western world has an upper hand in determining and controlling knowledge and academic practices. Given the roles of the editorial boards in the review process and setting the research agenda for a journal, a more diverse editorial board might publish a more diverse research output. Furthermore, a more diverse editorial board is likely to have a repertoire of internal reviewers who speed up and lower the review process costs, which are challenges inherent in a less diverse editorial board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike most of the social sciences, the field of strategy originated in the United States and arrived in Europe later. Did this trajectory lead to an "Atlantic divide" in strategy research? Does such a divide exist? The papers that follow debate the issue and the effects that such a potential divide may have on the growth of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides and tests a theoretical framework with a multilevel (country-city) nested model to analyze the relationship between national business regulations (NBRs) and city level entrepreneurship. While public interest theory predicts a positive relationship between NBR and city level entrepreneurship, public choice theory predicts the opposite, a negative relationship. Based on multilevel analysis for a matched country-city panel of 228 cities across 20 European countries for the years 2004 to 2009, the empirical evidence from panel data estimation explains how changes in NBRs influence changes in city level entrepreneurial activity over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This note applies H ∞ methods to an estimated hybrid monetary policy model and derives standard and robust optimal interest rate rules. We find that the 'robust' central banker responds more aggressively than it does without concerns for robustness and that the responses of the state variables in this case are not necessarily always stronger than the standard ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the role of policy generations in the development of Europe. Policy transcends into a new form as a reaction to the short-comings of the prevailing method of policy-making. It is argued that policy generations in Europe remains in disarray because of diversity on the dominating political spectrum. Policy generation is a direct result of neglected problems within policy-making and policy borrowing. Policy-making and policy borrowing involves short-term problem shooting, it does not contend the nature of the problem and its causes which are crucial in the effectiveness for a certain policy.

Renewed interest in theorizing about the process of European integration is reflected in recent scholarship on the political evolution of the European Union (EU). Meanwhile, a rich and growing literature has emerged on EU policy-making in specific policy sectors. Yet the gap remains wide between theoretical models which seek to explain broad patterns of European integration and those which seek to explain the EU's policy-making process. This article conceptualizes 'policy networks' as a tool for analysing EU policy-making. Its central argument is that the EU is a 'hothouse' for different types of policy network, for two reasons. First, the EU lacks 'off-the-shelf' institutions which can facilitate informal bargaining between different types of actor. Secondly, decisions taken at the policy formulation stage have become important determinants of eventual EU policy outcomes in recent years. The policy networks model is placed within a broader theoretical framework for studying decision-making in the European Union at different levels of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]